CN110212802A - A kind of high pressure, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit - Google Patents

A kind of high pressure, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110212802A
CN110212802A CN201910455172.0A CN201910455172A CN110212802A CN 110212802 A CN110212802 A CN 110212802A CN 201910455172 A CN201910455172 A CN 201910455172A CN 110212802 A CN110212802 A CN 110212802A
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China
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converter
input
diode
voltage
switching tube
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CN201910455172.0A
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CN110212802B (en
Inventor
张之梁
何铭协
徐佳华
李想
朱靖
任小永
魏小忠
陈乾宏
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Wuxi Research Institute Of Nanjing University Of Aeronautics & Astronautics
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Wuxi Research Institute Of Nanjing University Of Aeronautics & Astronautics
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of high pressure, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, it includes isolated form DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter and control unit；The direct current equipment under test of wide range input voltage realizes grid-connected feedback energy through isolated form DC/DC converter and DC/AC converter；Isolated form DC/DC converter uses two-stage type structure, including two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter and LLC-DCX converter；DC/AC converter uses T-type inverter；Control unit includes sample circuit and DSP digital control platform.The present invention is suitable for the discharge test of various battery combinations, the test etc. of the dummy load of natural energy resources (solar battery array, wind power generation), and there are the advantages such as wide input voltage range, maximum input voltage height, high-frequency isolation, high-efficient and energy conservation and environmental protection, have advantage not available for available circuit.

Description

A kind of high pressure, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit
Technical field
The invention belongs to converters technical field, especially a kind of high pressure, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit.
Background technique
Today's society energy crisis is increasingly severe, and energy regenerating recycles can effective alleviating energy crisis.With state The rapid development in the fields such as anti-, aviation, communication, traffic, energy storage device such as battery have also obtained broad development, and electric power storage tank discharge is surveyed Examination, burn-in test is essential link.Traditional test is loaded using energy consumption type, and electric energy wastes, while can also generate Amount of heat and noise.The electric energy that feed-back type DC Electronic Loads can be such that electronic load absorbs recycles to the greatest extent, Cost is greatly reduced, has also complied with the energy-saving and environment-friendly state basic policy of today's society, therefore have a wide range of applications.Feed-back type is straight Stream electronic load is mainly made of the DC/AC converter of DC/DC converter and parallel network reverse.Feed-back type DC Electronic Loads at present Research there are mainly three types of, the first is made of BOOST converter and the cascade of parallel network reverse DC/AC converter, but this scheme There is no high frequency transformer isolation, Industrial Frequency Transformer is connect behind DC/AC converter and realizes that isolation not can avoid Industrial Frequency Transformer then Inherent defect.Second by phase-shifted full-bridge converter and gird-connected inverter cascade form, though such scheme is able to achieve high frequency Isolation, but it is not suitable for wide range input voltage.The third is by BOOST converter, phase-shifted full-bridge converter and grid-connected inverse Become device three-stage cascade composition, this scheme can solve wide input voltage range, and have high-frequency isolation function, but phase-shifting full-bridge Sofe Switch cannot realize that control is also relative complex in gamut, improve the complexity of complete machine.
Summary of the invention
To solve defect in the prior art and deficiency, the present invention provides a kind of high pressure, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, i.e. two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter, LLC-DCX converter and T-type inverter three-level grade Connection topology, first order two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter are used as load simulation unit, can simulate various load characteristics, and And the input voltage of wide scope is promoted to busbar voltage needed for grid-connected inverters, solve the problems, such as wide input voltage range； The fixed frequency work always of LLC-DCX converter can realize ZVS and the pair side rectification two of switching tube in resonance point in full-load range The ZCS of pole pipe realizes the efficient of converter while realizing high-frequency isolation function；It is defeated that T-type inverter is able to achieve high pressure Enter inversion grid connection, and three level forms can reduce harmonic content, be effectively improved grid-connected waveform quality.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
A kind of high pressure, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, it includes isolated form DC/DC transformation Device, DC/AC converter and control unit；The direct current equipment under test of wide range input voltage is through isolated form DC/DC converter and DC/ AC converter realizes grid-connected feedback energy；Isolated form DC/DC converter uses two-stage type structure, including two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter and LLC-DCX converter；DC/AC converter uses T-type inverter；Control unit include sample circuit and DSP digital control platform.
It is 150V≤V due to the wide input voltage range of feed-back type DC Electronic Loadsin≤ 750V, through analyzing, using two Grade transformation and primary are high-frequency isolation, and low pressure is difficult to find suitable topology when inputting, therefore considers three-level transformation, and primary is BOOST boosting, by Vbus1The voltage requirement that DC/AC can be grid-connected is boosted to, but three-level conversion efficiency can be impacted, therefore rear class It need to consider Sofe Switch and three Level Technologies；Primary BOOST converter controls input current as load simulation unit to realize Constant current, invariable power and constant-resistance function control input voltage to realize pressure-keeping functions；Two-stage is the DC/ of high-frequency isolation respectively below The DC/AC converter of DC and parallel network reverse, the DC/DC converter with high-frequency isolation is using full-bridge LLC topology, it can be achieved that full load Sofe Switch in range improves overall efficiency；DC/AC converter reduces answering for device using T-type tri-level inversion topology Power, is suitble to high-pressure work, and conversion efficiency is high.Wherein, DC/AC converter is not limited solely to T-type inverter, is also possible to Other inverters, according to busbar voltage Cbus2It can choose other suitable inverters.Median generatrix voltage C of the present inventionbus2Height belongs to In high pressure occasion, T-type inverter advantage is selected to become apparent from.
Further, the first order of two-stage type isolated form DC/DC converter includes first switch tube Q1, second switch Q2、 First diode D1, the second diode D2, third diode D3、First inductance L1 and the second inductance L2, first switch tube Q1, second Diode D2With the first inductance L1With second switch Q2, third diode D3With the second inductance L2It is staggered simultaneously to constitute the first order two Join BOOST converter, 180 ° of phase shifting of the two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter driving control signal, input terminal parallel connection The direct current equipment under test of wide range input voltage is connect, output end simultaneously couples bus capacitor Cbus1, then with second level LLC-DCX become Parallel operation connection, first diode D1Anode connect positive input terminal, cathode is connecing the output of the two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter just End constitutes precharge branch, is used for bus capacitor Cbus1Precharge；Second level LLC-DCX converter includes third switching tube Q3, the 4th switching tube Q4, the 5th switching tube Q5, the 6th switching tube Q6, the 4th diode D4, the 5th diode D5, the 6th diode D6, the 7th diode D7, resonant inductance Lr, resonant capacitance Cr, transformer magnetizing inductance LmAnd high-frequency isolation transformer, third switch Pipe Q3、4th switching tube Q4, the 5th switching tube Q5With the 6th switching tube Q6Constitute primary side full-bridge circuit, resonant inductance Lr, it is humorous Shake capacitor CrWith transformer magnetizing inductance LmConstitute resonance circuit, third switching tube Q3With the 5th switching tube Q5Node series connection it is humorous Shake inductance Lr, then with transformer magnetizing inductance LmOne end connected with one end of high-frequency isolation transformer primary side, the 4th switching tube Q4 With the 6th switching tube Q6Node series resonant capacitance Cr, then with transformer magnetizing inductance LmThe other end and high-frequency isolation transformation The other end of device primary side connects, the 4th diode D4, the 5th diode D5, the 6th diode D6With the 7th diode D7It constitutes secondary Side full bridge rectifier, the 4th diode D4With the 6th diode D6Node is connect with the one end on high-frequency isolation transformer pair side, the Five diode D5With the 7th diode D7Node connect with the other end on high-frequency isolation transformer pair side；The two-stage type isolation The first output end and second output terminal of type DC/DC converter meet bus capacitor C respectivelybus2Anode and cathode, bus capacitor Cbus2Anode and cathode connect the first end and second end of DC/AC converter respectively.
Further, switching tube Q1-Q6It is SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor, diode D1-D7It is SiC diode.
Further, T-type inverter includes first switch tube S1, second switch S2, third switching tube S3, the 4th open Close pipe S4, the first derided capacitors C1, the second derided capacitors C2, third filter inductance L3, the 4th filter inductance L4With filter capacitor Cf, First switch tube S1With second switch S2Half-bridge structure in series, third switching tube S3With the 4th switching tube S4Differential concatenation, One end is connected to first switch tube S1With second switch S2Node, it is another to terminate to the first derided capacitors C1With the second partial pressure electricity Hold C2Node and with being connected to power grid, third filter inductance L3, the 4th filter inductance L4With filter capacitor CfLCL filter is constituted, Third filter inductance L3With the 4th filter inductance L4Series connection, node pass through filter capacitor CfWith being connected to power grid, the 4th filter inductance L4Another terminate to power grid.
Further, switching tube S1-S4It is IGBT.
Further, control unit includes the control section DC/DC and T-type inverter control part；
Wherein, the control method of the control section DC/DC is as follows:
(1) two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter is as load simulation unit, according to different electronic load Working moulds Formula, control object are different；Under constant current mode working condition, input current IinSampled circuit is input to DSP (TMS32028377) in, I is referred to input currentin_refCompare, error signal is by proportional-integral derivative controller in DSP (PID) after calculating, pulse width modulation (PWM) signal is obtained compared with triangular carrier and is input to isolated drive circuit, respectively Control first switch tube Q in two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter1With second switch Q2Duty ratio size, control input electricity Flow IinI is referred to equal to input currentin_ref；Using fixed frequency, prosecutor method, output voltage do not follow directly after bus to LLC-DCX converter Voltage Vbus1；
(2) under invariable power, constant-resistance mode state, invariable power value and constant-resistance value pass through following formula (1) and (2) turn respectively Turn to corresponding constant current, the control block diagram of such invariable power and constant-resistance can be converted into current constant control block diagram, Jin Erxiang The control answered is identical as constant current control method；
Wherein, PsetFor invariable power setting value, RsetFor constant-resistance setting value；
(3) under constant voltage mode working condition, input voltage VinSampled circuit is input in DSP (TMS32028377), V is referred to input voltagein_refCompare, after error signal is calculated by proportional-integral derivative controller in DSP (PID), with triangle Carrier wave relatively obtains pulse width modulation (PWM) signal and is input to two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter, controls first respectively Switching tube Q1With second switch Q2Duty ratio size, control input voltage VinV is referred to equal to input voltagein_ref；LLC- DCX converter works in DCX state, and output voltage follows directly after busbar voltage Vbus1；
(4) LLC-DCX converter medium-high frequency isolating transformer no-load voltage ratio is set as 1, and switching frequency is equal to resonance frequency, and gain is 1；Magnetizing inductance LmIt is designed according to energy needed for realization LLC primary side full-bridge switch pipe ZVS, such as following formula (3):
Wherein, TsFor LLC switch periods, tdeadFor dead time, CossFor LLC primary side switch junction capacitance；
Wherein, the control method of T-type inverter section uses the bicyclic control of busbar voltage outer shroud and grid-connected current inner ring Method processed, specific as follows:
(1) busbar voltage V is sampledbus2Signal is sent into DSP, after the filtering of secondary power frequency notch filter, with busbar voltage base Quasi- value Vbus2_refIt is poor to make, and error signal obtains the given A of current inner loop by PI controller；
(2) power network current i is sampledgWith network voltage vacSignal is sent into DSP, and network voltage sampled signal passes through DSP internal lock Phase ring calculates, and obtains electric network voltage phase information sin (ω0T), to obtain current reference signal A sin (ω0T), wherein A is The output of outer voltage, power network current igWith A sin (ω0T) compare, error signal by DSP PI controller calculate after, with Triangular carrier relatively obtains pwm signal, which obtains driving signal through optical couple isolation drive circuit, and control T-type is inverse Become first switch tube S in device1, second switch S2, third switching tube S3With the 4th switching tube S4Open and turn off, realize single Position power factor is grid-connected.
Further, entire circuit is a system module, which supports to expand, and the input of multiple modules is in parallel, can be with Maximum power input is improved, maximum input voltage can be improved in multiple module input series connection.System module is expanded, according to module The difference of connection type needs to be added corresponding pressure sharing control；
When module input is in parallel, direct-flow input end is connected in parallel, and ac output end is connected respectively to the A/ of three phase network B/C phase, complete machine maximum input current is the sum of the maximum input current of three power modules, maximum input voltage under parallel way Identical as individual module, module direct current input side uses sharing control；
When module input series connection, direct-flow input end is cascaded, and ac output end is connected respectively to the A/ of three phase network B/C phase, complete machine maximum input current is identical as the maximum input current of single power module under series system, maximum input voltage Input voltage equal to three power modules is added, and module direct current input side uses Pressure and Control.
The utility model has the advantages that
1. input voltage range of the present invention is very wide, maximum input voltage is high, is able to satisfy most of battery pack and energy storage device Electric discharge demand, the test of the dummy load of natural energy resources (solar battery array, wind power generation), AC/DC, DC/DC conversion Aging life-span test of device etc., energy-feedback power grid save electricity consumption and heat dissipation cost, and support module is expanded, multiple modules Input it is in parallel, maximum power input or the input series connection of multiple modules can be improved, maximum input voltage can be improved, and whole A system module has the advantages such as high efficiency, high reliability, compatibility be strong.
2. LLC-DCX converter of the invention works in DCX state, gain is always 1, controls simple, high-efficient, realization High-frequency isolation, effective protection customer equipment safety.
3. LLC-DCX converter of the invention can be such that primary side switch pipe no-voltage opens in full load, wide input voltage range Logical, switching loss is greatly reduced in secondary side diode zero-current switching, improves efficiency and reduces electromagnetic interference.
4. BOOST converter of the invention uses interleaving technique, reduce capacitor volume and ripple current.
5. T-type inverter of the invention is suitble to high voltage input, leakage current is small, and the grid-connected harmonic wave of three-level structure is small.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is circuit diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is LLC converter working waveform figure of the invention；
Fig. 3 is current constant control block diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is Isobarically Control block diagram of the invention；
Fig. 5 is a machine flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 6 is input parallel module exploded view of the invention；
Fig. 7 is input serial module structure exploded view of the invention；
Fig. 8 is that sharing control conceptual scheme is pressed in input of the invention；
In figure: 1- two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter；2-LLC-DCX converter；3-T-type inverter；
Component symbol description in figure:
VinInput voltage LrResonant inductance
D1-D7Diode CrResonant capacitance
L1First inductance LmMagnetizing inductance
L2Second inductance C1- C2 derided capacitors
Q1-Q6 MOSFET S1-S4 IGBT
Cbus1Bus capacitor L3Third filter inductance
Cbus2Bus capacitor L44th filter inductance
Vbus1Busbar voltage CfFilter capacitor
Vbus2Busbar voltage Grid network voltage
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention proposes a kind of high pressure, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, packet Include isolated form DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter and control unit；The direct current of wide range input voltage be devices under through every Release DC/DC converter and DC/AC converter realize grid-connected feedback energy；Isolated form DC/DC converter uses two-stage type structure, Including two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter 1 and LLC-DCX converter 2, DC/AC converter uses T-type inverter 3, control Unit processed includes sample circuit and DSP Digital Control.
The first order of two-stage type isolated form DC/DC converter includes first switch tube Q1, second switch Q2, the one or two pole Pipe D1, the second diode D2, third diode D3、First inductance L1 and the second inductance L2, first switch tube Q1, the second diode D2 With the first inductance L1With second switch Q2, third diode D3With the second inductance L2Constitute first order two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST Converter 1,180 ° of the 1 driving control signal phase shifting of two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter, input terminal simultaneously couple wide electricity The direct current equipment under test of input range is pressed, output end simultaneously couples bus capacitor Cbus1, then with second level LLC-DCX converter 2 Connection, first diode D1Anode connect positive input terminal, cathode connects the output plus terminal of the two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter 1, Precharge branch is constituted, bus capacitor C is used forbus1Precharge；Second level LLC-DCX converter 2 includes third switching tube Q3、 4th switching tube Q4, the 5th switching tube Q5, the 6th switching tube Q6, the 4th diode D4, the 5th diode D5, the 6th diode D6、 7th diode D7, resonant inductance Lr, resonant capacitance Cr, transformer magnetizing inductance LmAnd high-frequency isolation transformer, third switching tube Q3、4th switching tube Q4, the 5th switching tube Q5With the 6th switching tube Q6Constitute primary side full-bridge circuit, resonant inductance Lr, resonance Capacitor CrWith transformer magnetizing inductance LmConstitute resonance circuit, third switching tube Q3With the 5th switching tube Q5Node series resonance Inductance Lr, then with transformer magnetizing inductance LmOne end connected with one end of high-frequency isolation transformer primary side, the 4th switching tube Q4With 6th switching tube Q6Node series resonant capacitance Cr, then with transformer magnetizing inductance LmThe other end and high-frequency isolation transformer The other end of primary side connects, the 4th diode D4, the 5th diode D5, the 6th diode D6With the 7th diode D7Constitute secondary side Full bridge rectifier, the 4th diode D4With the 6th diode D6Node is connect with the one end on high-frequency isolation transformer pair side, and the 5th Diode D5With the 7th diode D7Node connect with the other end on high-frequency isolation transformer pair side；Two-stage type isolated form DC/DC The first output end and second output terminal of converter meet bus capacitor C respectivelybus2Anode and cathode, bus capacitor Cbus2Just Pole and cathode connect the first end and second end of DC/AC converter respectively.Wherein switching tube Q1-Q6It is SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor, diode D1-D7It is SiC diode.
T-type inverter 3 includes first switch tube S1, second switch S2, third switching tube S3, the 4th switching tube S4、 First derided capacitors C1, the second derided capacitors C2, third filter inductance L3, the 4th filter inductance L4With filter capacitor Cf, first opens Close pipe S1With second switch S2Half-bridge structure in series, third switching tube S3With the 4th switching tube S4Differential concatenation, a termination To first switch tube S1With second switch S2Node, it is another to terminate to the first derided capacitors C1With the second derided capacitors C2's Node and with being connected to power grid, third filter inductance L3, the 4th filter inductance L4With filter capacitor CfConstitute LCL filter, third filter Wave inductance L3With the 4th filter inductance L4Series connection, node pass through filter capacitor CfWith being connected to power grid, the 4th filter inductance L4It is another One end is connected to power grid.Wherein switching tube S1-S4It is IGBT.
DC/AC inverter is not limited solely to T-type inverter 3, is also possible to other inverters, according to busbar voltage Cbus2It can choose other suitable inverters.Busbar voltage C of the inventionbus2Height belongs to high pressure occasion, selects T-type inverse Become 3 advantage of device to become apparent from.
2 medium-high frequency isolating transformer no-load voltage ratio of LLC-DCX converter is designed as 1, and switching frequency is equal to resonance frequency, and gain is 1.Magnetizing inductance LmIt is designed according to energy needed for realization LLC primary side full-bridge switch pipe ZVS, such as following formula (3):
Wherein, TsFor LLC switch periods, tdeadFor dead time, CossFor primary side switch junction capacitance.
Frequency state is determined in open loop since LLC-DCX converter 2 works, and switching frequency is approximately equal to resonance in actual work Frequency.It floats high problem to reduce LLC output voltage gain at light load, Lm/LrRatio answer and enough big make gain curve Enough gentle near resonance point, output voltage floats such LLC very high asks determining would not to occur when frequency underloading work Topic.Practical Lm/LrValue is 16/1, and gain curve is enough gentle near resonance point.
High pressure of the invention, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, specific parameter such as the following table 1 It is shown.
1 circuit parameter of table
It is illustrated in figure 2 switching tube Q5Drain-source voltage Vds_Q5、Vgs_Q5And drive voltage signal, resonance current iLr, swash Magnetoelectricity stream iLmAnd flow through secondary side rectifier diode D4Electric current iD4Waveform diagram.Determine frequency open loop work by the Tu Ke get, LLC to exist The ZVS that LLC converter nearby can be achieved in resonance point is opened and pair side ZCS shutdown, and greatly reduce switching tube turns on and off damage Consumption.
High pressure proposed by the present invention, the control method of wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit are mainly wrapped Include two parts: the part DC/DC control method and the part DC/AC (T-type inverter 3) control method, and two parts control solution Coupling, independently of each other.
The part 1.DC/DC control method is as follows:
Fig. 3 give constant current mode control when, the control block diagram of the part DC/DC, constant current control method the following steps are included:
Two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter 1 is used as load simulation unit, according to different electronic load operating modes, Its control object is different.
Under constant current mode working condition, 1 input current I of two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converterinSampled circuit is input to In DSP (TMS32028377), I is referred to input currentin_refCompare, error signal is by proportional integral differential control in DSP After device (PID) calculates, pulse width modulation (PWM) signal is obtained compared with triangular carrier and is input to isolated drive circuit, point Not Kong Zhi two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter 1 first switch tube Q1With second switch Q2Duty ratio size, control it is defeated Enter electric current IinI is referred to equal to input currentin_ref.LLC-DCX converter 2 works in DCX state, and output voltage follows directly after mother Line voltage Vbus1。
Under invariable power, constant-resistance operating mode, it can be converted into corresponding Constant Electric Current flow valuve by following formula (1) and (2), this Sample invariable power and the control block diagram of constant-resistance can be converted into current constant control block diagram, corresponding control and constant current control method one Sample.
Wherein, PsetFor invariable power setting value, RsetFor constant-resistance setting value.
Fig. 4 give constant voltage mode control when, the control block diagram of the part DC/DC, constant pressure control method the following steps are included:
Two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter 1 is used as load simulation unit, according to different electronic load operating modes, Its control object is different.
Under constant voltage mode working condition, 1 input voltage V of two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converterinSampled circuit is input to In DSP (TMS32028377), V is referred to input voltagein_refCompare, error signal is by proportional integral differential control in DSP After device (PID) calculates, pulse width modulation (PWM) signal is obtained compared with triangular carrier and is input to isolated drive circuit, point Not Kong Zhi two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter 1 first switch tube Q1With second switch Q2Duty ratio size, control it is defeated Enter voltage VinV is referred to equal to input voltagein_ref.LLC-DCX converter 2 works in DCX state, and output voltage follows directly after mother Line voltage Vbus1。
The part 2.DC/AC (T-type inverter 3) control method is as follows:
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 gives 3 control block diagram of T-type inverter, and 3 control method of T-type inverter includes following step It is rapid:
T-type inverter 3 uses the Double-loop Control Strategy of busbar voltage outer shroud and grid-connected current inner ring.
First, sampling bus voltage signal is sent into DSP, after the filtering of secondary power frequency notch filter, with busbar voltage benchmark It is poor that value is made, and error signal obtains the given A of current inner loop by PI controller.
Second, sample power network current igWith network voltage vacSignal is sent into DSP, and network voltage sampled signal is by DSP Phaselocked loop calculates, and obtains electric network voltage phase information sin (ω0t).To obtain current reference signal A sin (ω0T) (A is electricity Press the output of outer ring).Power network current igWith A sin (ω0T) compare, error signal calculates Vee formation by PI controller in DSP Carrier wave relatively obtains pwm signal.The pwm signal obtains driving signal through optical couple isolation drive circuit, controls T-type inverter 3 First switch tube S1, second switch S2, third switching tube S3With the 4th switching tube S4Open and turn off, realize specific work Rate factor is grid-connected.
3. it is whole to be illustrated in figure 5 high pressure proposed by the present invention, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit The constant current of machine plays machine flow chart.
DC/AC converter first passes through power grid opposite direction to Cbus2Precharge, works as Vbus2Voltage Establishment to 780V after, DC/DC Converter starts soft start.When principal of constant current soft, Iin_refIt is slowly up added to given value, meanwhile, LLC phase shift soft, this process Middle Cbus1Voltage is slowly increased, and works as Vbus1Increase to after 780V, DC/AC converter automatically switches to positive operating status, grid-connected Feedback energy, then converter enters steady state operating conditions, and control machine control from transforms to stable state control.
High pressure proposed by the present invention, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit are integrally formed one System module.The module is supported to expand, and the input of multiple modules is in parallel, and maximum power input can be improved；Multiple module inputs Series connection, can be improved maximum input voltage.According to the difference of module connection type, need to be added corresponding pressure sharing control.
As shown in fig. 6, direct-flow input end is connected in parallel, and ac output end is connected respectively to three when module input is in parallel The A/B/C phase of phase power grid, complete machine maximum input current is the sum of the maximum input current of three power modules under parallel way, most Big input voltage is identical as individual module, and module direct current input side uses sharing control.
As shown in fig. 7, direct-flow input end is cascaded, and ac output end is connected respectively to three when module input series connection The A/B/C phase of phase power grid, complete machine maximum input current is identical as the maximum input current of 3 single power modules under series system, Maximum input voltage is equal to three power module input voltages and is added, such as two block coupled in series input voltages can achieve 1500V, module input side use Pressure and Control.
The stream Pressure and Control figure being illustrated in figure 8 between power module, currently employed CAN communication bus mode carry out Stream or Pressure and Control.Pressure operation is flowed between power module to place in dsp, and by CAN communication between module with reality The transmitting of existing various voltage and current information, every piece of module poll in bus sends respective Current Voltage value, equal to reach stream Press purpose.
In conclusion high pressure proposed by the present invention, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, are applicable in In the discharge test of various battery combinations, the test etc. of the dummy load of natural energy resources (solar battery array, wind power generation), And there are the advantages such as wide input voltage range, maximum input voltage height, high-frequency isolation, high-efficient and energy conservation and environmental protection, have existing Advantage not available for circuit.
The above examples only illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, such as Two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter in embodiment is also possible to single BOOST converter or multiphase interleaving BOOST Converter, the input parallel connection of multiple modules improves maximum power input or the input series connection of multiple modules improves maximum input electricity Pressure, all within protection scope of the present invention, it is all according to the technical idea provided by the invention, done on the basis of technical solutions Any change, fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of high pressure, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, it is characterised in that: it includes isolated form DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter and control unit；The direct current equipment under test of wide range input voltage becomes through isolated form DC/DC Parallel operation and DC/AC converter realize grid-connected feedback energy；Isolated form DC/DC converter uses two-stage type structure, including two intersections Wrong parallel connection BOOST converter (1) and LLC-DCX converter (2)；DC/AC converter uses T-type inverter (3)；Control is single Member includes sample circuit and DSP digital control platform.
2. high pressure according to claim 1, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, feature exist In: the first order of the two-stage type isolated form DC/DC converter includes first switch tube Q1, second switch Q2, first diode D1, the second diode D2, third diode D3, the first inductance L1 and the second inductance L2, first switch tube Q1, the second diode D2With First inductance L1With second switch Q2, third diode D3With the second inductance L2First order two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST is constituted to become Parallel operation (1), 180 ° of driving control signal phase shifting of two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter (1), input terminal simultaneously couples width The direct current equipment under test of input voltage range, output end simultaneously couple bus capacitor Cbus1, then with second level LLC-DCX converter (2) it connects, first diode D1Anode connect positive input terminal, cathode connects the output of the two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter (1) Anode constitutes precharge branch, is used for bus capacitor Cbus1Precharge；Second level LLC-DCX converter (2) includes that third is opened Close pipe Q3, the 4th switching tube Q4, the 5th switching tube Q5, the 6th switching tube Q6, the 4th diode D4, the 5th diode D5, the six or two Pole pipe D6, the 7th diode D7, resonant inductance Lr, resonant capacitance Cr, transformer magnetizing inductance LmAnd high-frequency isolation transformer, third Switching tube Q3、4th switching tube Q4, the 5th switching tube Q5With the 6th switching tube Q6Constitute primary side full-bridge circuit, resonant inductance Lr, resonant capacitance CrWith transformer magnetizing inductance LmConstitute resonance circuit, third switching tube Q3With the 5th switching tube Q5Node string Join resonant inductance Lr, then with transformer magnetizing inductance LmOne end connected with one end of high-frequency isolation transformer primary side, the 4th switch Pipe Q4With the 6th switching tube Q6Node series resonant capacitance Cr, then with transformer magnetizing inductance LmThe other end and high-frequency isolation The other end of transformer primary side connects, the 4th diode D4, the 5th diode D5, the 6th diode D6With the 7th diode D7Structure At secondary side full bridge rectifier, the 4th diode D4With the 6th diode D6The one end on node and high-frequency isolation transformer pair side connects It connects, the 5th diode D5With the 7th diode D7Node connect with the other end on high-frequency isolation transformer pair side；The two-stage type The first output end and second output terminal of isolated form DC/DC converter meet bus capacitor C respectivelybus2Anode and cathode, bus Capacitor Cbus2Anode and cathode connect the first end and second end of DC/AC converter respectively.
3. high pressure according to claim 2, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, feature exist In: the switching tube Q1-Q6It is MOSFET.
4. high pressure according to claim 1, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, feature exist In: the T-type inverter (3) includes first switch tube S1, second switch S2, third switching tube S3, the 4th switching tube S4、 First derided capacitors C1, the second derided capacitors C2, third filter inductance L3, the 4th filter inductance L4With filter capacitor Cf, first opens Close pipe S1With second switch S2Half-bridge structure in series, third switching tube S3With the 4th switching tube S4Differential concatenation, a termination To first switch tube S1With second switch S2Node, it is another to terminate to the first derided capacitors C1With the second derided capacitors C2's Node and with being connected to power grid, third filter inductance L3, the 4th filter inductance L4With filter capacitor CfConstitute LCL filter, third filter Wave inductance L3With the 4th filter inductance L4Series connection, node pass through filter capacitor CfWith being connected to power grid, the 4th filter inductance L4It is another One end is connected to power grid.
5. high pressure according to claim 4, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, feature exist In: the switching tube S1-S4It is IGBT.
6. high pressure according to claim 1, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, feature exist In: described control unit includes the control section DC/DC and T-type inverter control part；
Wherein, the control method of the control section DC/DC is as follows:
(1) two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST converter (1) is used as load simulation unit, under constant current mode working condition, input electricity Flow IinSampled circuit is input in DSP, refers to I with input currentin_refCompare, error signal is by PID controller meter in DSP After calculation, pwm signal is obtained compared with triangular carrier and is input to isolated drive circuit, control two-phase crisscross parallel BOOST respectively First switch tube Q in converter (1)1With second switch Q2Duty ratio size, control input current IinEqual to input current With reference to Iin_ref；Using fixed frequency, prosecutor method, output voltage do not follow directly after busbar voltage V to LLC-DCX converter (2)bus1；
(2) under invariable power, constant-resistance mode state, invariable power value and constant-resistance value passes through following formula (1) respectively and (2) are converted into Corresponding constant current, and then control accordingly identical as constant current control method；
Wherein, PsetFor invariable power setting value, RsetFor constant-resistance setting value；
(3) under constant voltage mode working condition, input voltage VinSampled circuit is input in DSP, is referred to input voltage Vin_refCompare, after error signal is calculated by PID controller in DSP, pwm signal is obtained compared with triangular carrier and is input to two Staggered parallel connection BOOST converter (1), controls first switch tube Q respectively1With second switch Q2Duty ratio size, control it is defeated Enter voltage VinV is referred to equal to input voltagein_ref；LLC-DCX converter (2) works in DCX state, and output voltage follows directly after Busbar voltage Vbus1；
(4) LLC-DCX converter (2) medium-high frequency isolating transformer no-load voltage ratio is set as 1, and switching frequency is equal to resonance frequency, and gain is 1；Magnetizing inductance LmIt is designed according to energy needed for realization LLC primary side full-bridge switch pipe ZVS, such as following formula (3):
Wherein, TsFor LLC switch periods, tdeadFor dead time, CossFor LLC primary side switch junction capacitance；
Wherein, the control method of T-type inverter section uses the double -loop control side of busbar voltage outer shroud and grid-connected current inner ring Method, specific as follows:
(1) busbar voltage V is sampledbus2Signal is sent into DSP, after the filtering of secondary power frequency notch filter, with busbar voltage a reference value Vbus2_refIt is poor to make, and error signal obtains the given A of current inner loop by PI controller；
(2) power network current i is sampledgWith network voltage vacSignal is sent into DSP, and network voltage sampled signal is by phaselocked loop in DSP It calculates, obtains electric network voltage phase information sin (ω0T), to obtain current reference signal A sin (ω0T), wherein A is voltage The output of outer ring, power network current igWith A sin (ω0T) compare, error signal is after PI controller in DSP calculates, with triangle Carrier wave relatively obtains pwm signal, which obtains driving signal through optical couple isolation drive circuit, controls T-type inverter (3) first switch tube S in1, second switch S2, third switching tube S3With the 4th switching tube S4Open and turn off, realize unit Power factor is grid-connected.
7. high pressure according to claim 1 to 6, wide range input voltage feed-back type DC Electronic Loads circuit, It is characterized by: entire circuit is a system module, it includes that module inputs the input series connection of in parallel and module which, which expands,；
When module input is in parallel, direct-flow input end is connected in parallel, and ac output end is connected respectively to the A/B/C of three phase network Phase, complete machine maximum input current is the sum of the maximum input current of three power modules under parallel way, maximum input voltage with Individual module is identical, and module direct current input side uses sharing control；
When module input series connection, direct-flow input end is cascaded, and ac output end is connected respectively to the A/B/C of three phase network Phase, complete machine maximum input current is identical as the maximum input current of single power module under series system, maximum input voltage etc. It is added in the input voltage of three power modules, module direct current input side uses Pressure and Control.
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CN110768529A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-02-07 中原工学院 Energy feedback type direct current electronic load topological structure based on direct current micro-grid and control method
CN111064359A (en) * 2019-12-23 2020-04-24 南京航空航天大学 Wide-range bidirectional conversion circuit and control method
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