CN110201594A - 一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备方法及制备系统 - Google Patents

一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备方法及制备系统 Download PDF

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CN110201594A
CN110201594A CN201910569864.8A CN201910569864A CN110201594A CN 110201594 A CN110201594 A CN 110201594A CN 201910569864 A CN201910569864 A CN 201910569864A CN 110201594 A CN110201594 A CN 110201594A
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杜婧宇
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备方法和制备系统，制备方法为：以研磨至一定粒径的煤粉、水和水煤浆固体分散剂充分混合制得成品水煤浆，特征在于，所述水为经脉冲处理的水。脉冲技术能够改变水的微观结构，提高煤粉和分散剂、脱硫和/或脱硝等添加剂在水中的溶解性、均匀性和稳定性，从而获得具有较好流动性和稳定性的水煤浆，具有广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备方法及制备系统
技术领域
本发明涉及水煤浆的制备领域，更具体地，涉及一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备方法及制备系统。
背景技术
水煤浆是由大约65％的煤、34％的水和1％的添加剂通过物理加工得到的一种低污染、高效率、可管道输送的代油煤基流体燃料。它具有石油一样的流动性，热值相当于油的一半，被称为液态煤炭产品。水煤浆具有燃烧效率高、污染物排放低等特点，可用于电站锅炉、工业锅炉和工业窑炉代油、代气、代煤燃烧，以及宾馆、住宅、酒店、办公楼等各种建筑物供暖和生活热水。是当今洁净煤技术的重要组成部分。中国的水煤浆技术优先于国外，这种新能源在中国的能源战略中占有非常重要的地位。
由于水煤浆是靠管道运输，因此，流动性和稳定性至关重要。目前，水煤浆的保质期短，约一周左右，随着放置时间的延长，水煤浆会逐渐沉淀，不仅失效而且堵塞管路，限制了水煤浆向更远距离运输，这也是水煤浆均为当地生产当地销售的根本原因。因此，提高流动性和稳定性，对拓宽水煤浆的使用和销售范围，具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷，提供一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备方法及制备系统，将脉冲技术应用到水煤浆的制备工艺中。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备方法，以研磨至一定粒径的煤粉、水和水煤浆固体分散剂充分混合制得成品水煤浆，其特征在于，所述水为经脉冲处理的水。
优选地，所述煤粉的粒径为100目～300目。
优选地，所述水煤浆固体分散剂为木质素。
优选地，所述脉冲的频率范围为3kHz～32kHz。
优选地，所述成品水煤浆内还加入脱硫剂和/或脱硝剂。
优选地，所述脱硫剂为碳酸钙粉；所述脱硝剂为尿素。
一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备系统，包括水煤浆固体分散剂溶解罐、煤仓和球磨机，进水管连接至水煤浆固体分散剂溶解罐，被水溶解的液体分散剂经管路输送至球磨机，与由煤仓输送至球磨机的煤粉充分混合和研磨，制得成品水煤浆，其特征在于，在所述进水管的管路上增加脉冲装置。
优选地，所述球磨机后方还连接有剪切罐。
从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明使用脉冲技术改变水的微观结构，提高了煤粉和分散剂、脱硫和/或脱硝等添加剂在水中的溶解性、均匀性和稳定性，从而获得具有较好流动性和稳定性的水煤浆，具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一具体实施例的工艺过程示意图；
图2是本发明的另一具体实施例的工艺过程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。
需要说明的是，在下述的具体实施方式中，在详述本发明的实施方式时，为了清楚地表示本发明的结构以便于说明，特对附图中的结构不依照一般比例绘图，并进行了局部放大、变形及简化处理，因此，应避免以此作为对本发明的限定来加以理解。
在以下本发明的具体实施方式中，请参阅图1。现有水煤浆的制备系统包括水煤浆固体分散剂溶解罐和球磨机，进水管将水先输送至水煤浆固体分散剂溶解罐，将水煤浆固体分散剂溶解成均匀、稳定的液体分散剂，来自煤仓的块状或较大颗粒的煤被送至球磨机研磨，在研磨的同时加入液体分散剂，边研磨边混合，得到具有较高煤浆浓度、良好流动性和良好稳定性的成品水煤浆。
本发明较现有技术的区别在于，在进水管上增加产生脉冲波的装置，该装置产生的高频脉冲波作用于水分子，将能量传递到氢原子和氧原子，使氢原子和氧原子具有超过使其聚合成水分子的引力的能量，改变了水分子的微观结构，因此，增强了水的极性，该脉冲波对水的影响可以持续1～2周的时间。极性增强的水提高了添加剂和煤粉在水中的溶解性、均匀性和稳定性，从而，提高了成品水煤浆的流动性和稳定性。按照国标GB/T 18856.4中水煤浆黏度和国标GB/T 18856.5中的静态稳定性的测试方法，测得，参见表1，和现有技术相比，水煤浆的黏度降低200点，静态稳定性提高20％。
对比例1
将脉冲波装置放置于水煤浆固体分散剂溶解罐外围或溶解罐连通球磨机的管路外围，待未经脉冲处理的水溶解固体分散剂后再施加脉冲波得到脉冲处理的液体分散剂，分散剂在球磨机将煤粉溶解得成品水煤浆。参见表1，对上述制得的成品水煤浆的黏度和稳定性进行测试，黏度和稳定性均未得到明显提高。
对比例2
将脉冲波装置放置于球磨机后的管路上，对管路内流动的现有方法制备的成品水煤浆施加脉冲波，得脉冲处理后的成品水煤浆。参见表1，对其黏度和稳定性进行测试，黏度和稳定性均未得到明显提高。
究其原因在于，无论是液体分散剂还是成品水煤浆，溶剂中的粒子种类增多，且分散剂极性强，与水分子或煤粉的结合力更高，导致该结合力的破坏需要更高的脉冲波能才能实现，因此，优选仅对进水施加脉冲作用，不仅耗能少，而且稳定性更高。
在本具体实施例中，脉冲波装置为电容式电脉冲装置，为德国克里斯蒂水技术有限公司制造的沃肯(Vulcan)电脉冲系统，包括脉冲带和电源装置，脉冲带缠绕在水管外壁，连接电源后即可使用。脉冲的频率范围为3kHz～32kHz。
经球磨机研磨的煤粉的粒径优选为100目～300目。
水煤浆固体分散剂可以为现有任何分散剂，在本实施例中为木质素。
为了适应环保需要，水煤浆燃烧时需增加脱硫和/或脱硝工艺，例如，将水煤浆作为加热锅炉的热源时，通常在锅炉内增加脱硫和/或脱硝装置，增加设备成本，以及阻碍了现有烧煤锅炉向水煤浆锅炉的转变，不利于全国环保的推行。现有技术制备的水煤浆是无法直接添加脱硫剂和/或脱硝剂，否则影响流动性和稳定性。
由于本发明的经脉冲处理的成品水煤浆的脉冲效应可以维持1～2周的时间，因此，在脉冲处理的成品水煤浆中直接加入与水煤浆粒度相同或相近的脱硫剂和/或脱硝剂，制得脱硫和/或脱硝水煤浆。
在本发明的具体实施例中，请参阅图2，在球磨机后增加剪切罐，将脱硫剂和/或脱硝剂直接加入剪切罐，搅拌均匀。脱硫和/脱硝后的水煤浆可以直接燃烧，避免了炉内增加脱硫和/或脱硝装置。经测定，参见表1，水煤浆的黏度和稳定性均未受到影响，只是燃烧时的灰分稍有增加。
具体地，脱硫剂可以为碳酸钙粉，也可以为现有技术中的其他脱硫剂。
具体地，脱硝剂可以为尿素，也可以为现有技术中的其他脱硫剂。
表1：水煤浆的黏度和静态稳定性测试结果
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备方法，以研磨至一定粒径的煤粉、水和水煤浆固体分散剂充分混合制得成品水煤浆，其特征在于，所述水为经脉冲处理的水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述煤粉的粒径为100目～300目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述水煤浆固体分散剂为木质素。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述脉冲的频率范围为3kHz～32kHz。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述成品水煤浆内还加入脱硫剂和/或脱硝剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述脱硫剂为碳酸钙粉；所述脱硝剂为尿素。
7.一种高流动性和稳定性水煤浆的制备系统，包括水煤浆固体分散剂溶解罐、煤仓和球磨机，进水管连接至水煤浆固体分散剂溶解罐，被水溶解的液体分散剂经管路输送至球磨机，与由煤仓输送至球磨机的煤粉充分混合和研磨，制得成品水煤浆，其特征在于，在所述进水管的管路上增加脉冲装置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述球磨机后方还连接有剪切罐。
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