CN110180523A - 一种非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FRMWBRPWYBNAFB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium salicylate Chemical compound [K+].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O FRMWBRPWYBNAFB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003629 potassium salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 claims 1
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium salicylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
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- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960001296 zinc oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OEHNVKBOQOXOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-nitrophenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OEHNVKBOQOXOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 240000000203 Salix gracilistyla Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/618—Surface area more than 1000 m2/g
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- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/02—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂及其制备方法。本发明首次以水杨酸根插层的层状氢氧化锌为单一前驱体，在无模板和额外碳源的情况下，在惰性气氛中通过一步固相合成方法制备得到了非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂。本发明制备得到的催化剂石墨化程度高，有很大的比表面积和丰富的孔道结构，表面含有大量的还原态氧功能基团。将该催化剂应用于对硝基苯酚(4‑NP)液相加氢反应，其在4min就能将4‑NP降解完全，优于商业化Pb/C和Pt/C催化剂。另外，本发明得到碳纳米催化剂为非金属催化剂，较金属催化剂相比，具有有价格便宜，稳定性高，绿色环保等优点，是非常有前景的催化材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米催化剂制备技术领域，具体涉及一种非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在化工、石化、生化、环保等领域，有90％以上的工业过程都使用催化剂。实现环境友好的绿色化工主要依托于新型高效绿色催化剂的研制与开发，因此研究与开发新型的催化剂成为了当前学术界和工业界普遍关注的热点问题。在现代催化技术中，相比于均相催化剂，非均相催化剂由于其易于回收再利用的独特优势而更具有经济实用性。目前基于Au、Pd、Pt、Rh、Ag等贵金属纳米粒子的催化剂已经被广泛应用在很多重要的化工反应中。虽然贵金属纳米催化剂可以有效地提高反应速率，但其具有稳定性差、成本高昂、稀缺等缺点，阻碍了其在化工、环保等领域大规模的应用。
碳纳米材料是一类重要的新型材料，可分为零维的富勒烯、一维的碳纳米管、二维石墨烯等，由于其具有高稳定性、大比表面积、特殊的光电性能等特点，一般作为催化剂载体。目前，有少数研究表明，单独碳材料经过某些特殊的处理能够表现出催化性能，如热氧化、杂原子掺杂以及有机试剂修饰等。Lu等通过将碳纳米管(CNTs)在强氧化剂(HCl、HNO3、H2SO4)下进行处理得到了氧化碳纳米管(o-CNTs)，在经过水热和电化学活化处理之后，应用于电解水析氧(OER)反应中。Yang等用水热法180℃处理尿素和氧化石墨烯制备得到了氮掺杂的石墨烯，将其用于多种硝基污染物物处理，表现出了催化活性。Gu等通过液相方法将菲醌引入到多壁碳纳米管表面，得到了菲醌修饰的多壁碳纳米管，在硝基苯的还原反应表现出了催化活性。目前，报道碳纳米催化剂的制备过程往往需要使用强氧化剂，制备方法复杂，原料昂贵，且产物的组成、结晶度和孔结构难以控制，不利于实际应用。
层状金属氢氧化物是一类新型的阴离子型层状材料，其组成可以表示为M(OH)2-x(An-)x/n·mH2O。其中M为层板二价金属阳离子，包括Zn2+，Co2+，Cu2+，Ni2+等，An-代表层间阴离子，如Cl-，CO3 2-，NO3 -，SO4 2-,CH3COO-等无机或有机阴离子。层状金属氢氧化物组成多样，可以将其作为模板，应用于金属、金属氧化物、金属硫化物、纳米碳(碳纳米管、碳量子点和石墨烯等)及其复合材料的制备，展现了广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的制备方法，并将所制备的催化剂应用于对硝基苯酚液相催化加氢反应中。
本发明所述的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂为二维片状结构的多孔碳纳米片，纳米片直径为50-300nm之间，纳米片的厚度为10-50nm之间；多孔碳是石墨化的，比表面积在1000-3000m2g-1之间，孔径在2-25nm之间，孔体积在1.5-4.0cm3g-1之间。多孔碳表面含有5-20％的还原态氧官能团。
本发明所述的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的制备方法为：以水杨酸根插层的层状氢氧化锌纳米超分子材料为前驱体，在惰性气氛中一步固态热解蒸发掉氧化锌得到非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂。
本发明所述的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的制备方法的具体步骤如下：
(1)配制无机锌盐和水杨酸盐的混合盐溶液，配制NaOH碱溶液，将混合盐溶液和碱溶液混合，通过共沉淀法制备得到二维片状水杨酸插层层状氢氧化锌前驱体；
(2)将层状氢氧化锌前驱体置于管式炉中，在惰性气氛下700-1100℃焙烧1-8h得到非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂。
步骤(1)中所述的无机锌盐是硝酸锌、氯化锌、硫酸锌中的一种或几种，在水溶液中的浓度为0.05-0.4mol/L。
步骤(1)中所述的水杨酸盐为水杨酸钾，水杨酸钠中的一种或两种，在水溶液的浓度为0.1-0.8mol/L。
将上述制备得到的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂应用于对硝基苯酚的液相催化加氢反应。
本发明首次以水杨酸根插层的层状氢氧化锌为单一前驱体，在无模板和额外碳源的情况下，在惰性气氛中通过一步固相合成方法制备得到了非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂。本发明制备技术简单、经济、绿色、高效，无需昂贵的设备，适用于工业化大规模生产。制备得到的催化剂石墨化程度高，有很大的比表面积和丰富的孔道结构，表面含有大量的还原态氧功能基团。将该催化剂应用于对硝基苯酚(4-NP)液相加氢反应，其在4min就能将4-NP降解完全，优于商业化Pb/C和Pt/C催化剂。另外，本发明得到碳纳米催化剂为非金属催化剂，较金属催化剂相比，具有有价格便宜，稳定性高，绿色环保等优点，是非常有前景的催化材料。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备的二维水杨酸根插层层状氢氧化锌纳米片前驱体的SEM照片。
图2是实施例1制备的二维水杨酸根插层层状氢氧化锌纳米片前驱体的XRD谱图。
图3是实施例1制备的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的SEM图。
图4是实施例1制备的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的XRD图谱。
图5是实施例1制备的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的FTIR图。
图6是实施例1制备的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的Raman图。
图7是实施例1制备的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的能谱图。
图8是实施例1制备的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的氮气吸附脱附曲线及孔径分布图(内图)。
图9是实施例1制备的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的电镜图。
图10是实施例1制备的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂催化对硝基苯酚加氢制备对氨基苯酚的紫外吸收谱图。
图11是实施例1制备的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的循环利用柱状图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施实例来对本发明所述的制备方法做进一步说明，但是本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
实施例1
(1)称取5.9498g Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和6.4044g的水杨酸钠，室温下分别溶于100mL去离子水配置成盐溶液，将配制好的两种盐溶液倒入四口烧瓶中，并开始用电动搅拌器匀速转动，使盐溶液混合均匀；
(2)称取8gNaOH溶于200mL去离子水中配制成碱液，向混合盐溶液中缓慢滴加碱液后，溶液中开始有白色沉淀析出，调节pH＝7，升高温度至95℃，在此温度下反应24h，反应结束后，待温度降到室温，用去离子水洗涤，离心3次，在60℃下干燥12h，得到二维片状水杨酸根插层层状氢氧化锌前驱体。
(3)将步骤2)制得的二维片状水杨酸根插层层状氢氧化锌前驱体在氮气气氛中900℃焙烧4h，得到非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂。
验证本发明所述的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的结构和性能，对实施例1制备的样品结构及其对硝基苯酚催化加氢反应进行了评价。
催化反应：常温条件下，首先将50mg NaBH4溶解到50mL去离子水中配制成NaBH4溶液，然后用移液枪分别抽取6mL去离子水、0.5mL对硝基苯酚溶液(1mmol/L)和2mL NaBH4溶液混合均匀配制成反应物溶液(对硝基苯酚和NaBH4的摩尔比为1:100)。准确称量1mg的多孔碳催化剂于2mL离心管中，并向其中加入2mL去离子水超声1h得到黑色催化剂浆液。用移液枪吸取0.2mL催化剂浆液加入到3mL反应物溶液中，然后用紫外分光光度计实时监测对硝基苯酚浓度的变化。
从图1可以看出制得的层状氢氧化锌为二维纳米片状结构。
从图2可以看出，制得的层状氢氧化锌前驱体的XRD谱图的主要衍射峰的位置为(5.36°，10.99°，16.48°)，分别对应d值为1.65nm,0.81nm,0.54nm，均呈现良好的倍数关系，说明合成的前驱体为层状结构。
从图3可以看出，焙烧后的制得的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的XRD图谱中并没有ZnO的衍射峰，只有碳的002晶面衍射峰，说明样品中不含ZnO，证明了其非金属性。
从图4可以看出，所得到非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂为二维片状结构，与前驱体相比，片状结构没有发生明显改变，二维碳纳米片的直径为50-300nm，厚度为10-50nm，由石墨化碳组成。
从图5可以看出，所得到非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂中含有大量的羟基。
从图6可以看出，所得到的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂在1350cm-1和1589cm-1出现了石墨碳的D峰和G峰，且ID/IG的比值为0.99，表明该催化剂具有较高的石墨化程度。
从图7可以看出，所得到的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂不含有锌元素，证明了其为非金属材料。氧原子含量为8.68％，表明催化剂含有大量的还原态氧功能基团。
从图8可以看出，所得到的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的比表面积高达2480m2/g。
从图9可以看出，所得到的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂含有丰富的孔道结构。
从图10可以看出，所得到的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂在对硝基苯酚加氢还原反应中表现出了优异的催化性能，其在4min就能将4-NP降解完全，优于商业化Pb/C和Pt/C催化剂。
从图11可以看出，所得到的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂具有良好的稳定性，在第5次循环使用时对4-NP的降解率仍能到达90％以上。
实施例2
(1)称取5.9498g Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和6.4044g的水杨酸钠，室温下分别溶于100mL去离子水配置成盐溶液，将配制好的两种盐溶液倒入四口烧瓶中，并开始用电动搅拌器匀速转动，使盐溶液混合均匀；
(2)称取8g NaOH溶于200mL去离子水中配制成碱液，向混合盐溶液中缓慢滴加碱液后溶液中开始有白色沉淀析出，调节pH＝7，将所得混合盐溶液转移到高压反应釜当中，调节温度为100℃，在此温度下反应24h，反应结束后，待温度降到室温，用去离子水洗涤，离心3次，在60℃下干燥12h，得到二维片状水杨酸根插层层状氢氧化锌前驱体。
(3)将步骤2)制得的二维片状水杨酸根插层层状氢氧化锌前驱体在氮气气氛中900℃焙烧2h，得到非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂。
实施例3
(1)称取2.9749g Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和12.8088g的水杨酸钠，室温下分别溶于100mL去离子水配置成盐溶液，将配制好的两种盐溶液倒入四口烧瓶中，并开始用电动搅拌器匀速转动，使盐溶液混合均匀；
(2)称取4gNaOH溶于200mL去离子水中配制成碱液，向混合盐溶液中缓慢滴加碱液后溶液中开始有白色沉淀析出，调节pH＝6.5，升高温度至70℃，在此温度下反应24h，反应结束后，待温度降到室温，用去离子水洗涤，离心3次，在60℃下干燥12h，得到二维片状水杨酸根插层层状氢氧化锌前驱体。
(3)将步骤2)制得的二维片状水杨酸根插层层状氢氧化锌前驱体在氮气气氛中900℃焙烧2h，得到非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂。
Claims (6)
1.一种非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂，其特征在于，该催化剂为二维片状结构的多孔碳纳米片，纳米片直径为50-300nm之间，纳米片的厚度为10-50nm之间；多孔碳是石墨化的，比表面积在1000-3000m2g-1之间，孔径在2-25nm之间，孔体积在1.5-4.0cm3g-1之间；多孔碳表面含有5-20％的还原态氧官能团。
2.一种非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法为：以水杨酸根插层的层状氢氧化锌纳米超分子材料为前驱体，在惰性气氛中一步固态热解蒸发掉氧化锌得到非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂。
3.一种非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法的具体步骤如下：
(1)配制无机锌盐和水杨酸盐的混合盐溶液，配制NaOH碱溶液，将混合盐溶液和碱溶液混合，通过共沉淀法制备得到二维片状水杨酸插层层状氢氧化锌前驱体；
(2)将层状氢氧化锌前驱体置于管式炉中，在惰性气氛下700-1100℃焙烧1-8h得到非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述的无机锌盐是硝酸锌、氯化锌、硫酸锌中的一种或几种，在水溶液中的浓度为0.05-0.4mol/L。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述的水杨酸盐为水杨酸钾，水杨酸钠中的一种或两种，在水溶液的浓度为0.1-0.8mol/L。
6.根据权利要求3-5任一所述的方法制备得到的非金属多孔碳纳米催化剂在对硝基苯酚的液相催化加氢反应中的应用。
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