CN110180517B - 一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110180517B
CN110180517B CN201910570821.1A CN201910570821A CN110180517B CN 110180517 B CN110180517 B CN 110180517B CN 201910570821 A CN201910570821 A CN 201910570821A CN 110180517 B CN110180517 B CN 110180517B
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胡建设
武莹
付永
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Abstract

本发明涉及官能化淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备和汞离子吸附等技术领域,具体涉及一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法,制备出的吸附剂有效的去除水体中的汞离子。

Description

一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及官能化淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备和汞离子吸附等技术领域,具体涉及一种具有高效选择性吸附的官能化淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法。
背景技术
重金属对水体的污染已成为严重的环境问题,其中水中的汞离子及其化合物属于剧毒物质,对自然环境和人体健康产生严重危害。水体中的汞离子可通过食物链尤其是水产品进入到人体内,汞能在生物体内累积并且很难通过自身代谢排出,摄入人体内的汞会损害肝脏及肾脏,对脑神经系统造成严重的不可逆的伤害,此外,它很容易穿过血脑屏障并影响胎儿的大脑。因此,从废水中有效去除汞离子与人类的生活质量息息相关。此外,为了防止汞中毒事件发生,我国根据《中华人民共和国环境保护法》所制定的生活饮用水和农田灌溉水的水质标准,都规定汞含量不得超过0.001mg/L。因此,研究出有效的方法和材料来去除废水中汞(II)离子已成为一项具有挑战性的任务。
对重金属污染的处理方法主要包括吸附法,化学沉淀法,电解法,膜分离法和离子交换法等。其中吸附法是当前在处理重金属污水中较为前沿和高效率的方法,具有良好的选择性,容易再生和重复使用。目前,处理废水中重金属离子常用的吸附剂有炭类吸附剂、矿物吸附剂、生物吸附剂和高分子吸附剂等。其中,磁性纳米材料具有粒子半径小、比表面积大、高反应活性、易于磁分离回收等特点,使其具有良好的吸附性能及吸附容量。
但也正是由于磁性纳米粒子的半径小、比表面积大等特点使得磁性纳米粒子之间具有强烈的团聚倾向,为改善这一现象,用介孔二氧化硅对磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子进行包覆,同时将对汞离子有很强螯合作用的功能基NH2引入其表面进行修饰。此外,聚合物也可以成功地交联到磁性四氧化三铁表面,以选择性吸收汞离子。为此,可以通过交联的官能聚合物获得具有许多活性基团的官能化四氧化三铁/聚合物纳米复合材料。
淀粉和聚乙烯亚胺是良好的交联聚合物,由于其具有鳌合汞离子的官能团如:羟基和氨基,既能保持磁性纳米粒子的特性又能获得对汞离子的高效吸附,通过戊二醛将马铃薯淀粉和聚乙烯亚胺交联到官能化四氧化三铁上,这一过程迄今为止尚未在汞离子去除吸附剂的文献中进行研究。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种具有高效选择性吸附的官能化淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法,利用该功能吸附剂有效的去除水体中的汞离子。
具体技术方案如下:
一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法,按照以下步骤进行:
(1)首先取2g纳米化载体四氧化三铁在500ml0.125mol/l HCl溶液中超声分散60min,用磁铁分离四氧化三铁,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇洗涤多次,保证完全去除HCl;
(2)将2g酸化的四氧化三铁加入含有200ml蒸馏水和800ml乙醇的圆底烧瓶中,室温下超声分散30min,然后滴加20ml氨水和5ml正硅酸乙酯,常温连续搅拌6h。用蒸馏水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,烘干;
(3)将(2)产物加入含有800ml乙醇和280ml蒸馏水,0.2g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的三口烧瓶中室温下超声分散30min,然后将40ml正硅酸乙酯滴加到混合溶液中,在80℃下连续搅拌12h;用蒸馏水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,烘干;将所获得产物加入到含有800ml乙醇和4.8g硝酸铵的三口烧瓶中,在80℃下连续搅拌12h;用蒸馏水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,烘干,最后得到介孔四氧化三铁;
(4)在N2保护下,将1.0g上述样品材料加入到100mL吡啶,分别滴加2.5ml氨水和2ml硅烷偶联剂,并不断搅拌,然后在氮气氛围下,常温反应24h,洗涤,真空干燥,得到氨基功能化介孔四氧化三铁;
(5)将0.20g淀粉溶解在50ml二甲基亚砜中,并在90℃下搅拌以形成均匀溶液,加入硅烷偶联剂,在氩气氛围中90℃下反应12h,得到浅黄色粘稠溶液;取浓度25%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液和0.5g氨基功能化介孔四氧化三铁加入到上述浅黄色溶液超声分散30min,加入质量分数为25%的戊二醛4ml,60℃下反应12h;用无水乙醇洗涤,放入真空干燥箱常温干燥12h,得到吸附剂。
所述步骤(1)中的四氧化三铁可以替换成介孔材料、硅藻土或膨润土。
所述步骤(4)中的硅烷偶联剂可为3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷或巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷;
所述步骤(4)中的载体与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:0.1-1:5。
所述步骤(5)中的硅烷偶联剂为3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷或巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
所述步骤(5)中的淀粉可为马铃薯淀粉、玉米淀粉或小麦淀粉,所述淀粉与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:(0.1-5),所述淀粉与聚乙烯亚胺质量比为1:(0.5-10)。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益技术效果:
1、本发明的技术方案是以介孔材料、硅藻土或膨润土为载体,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,制备介孔磁性纳米材料,并用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)胺基化修饰,采用交联的方法,将聚乙烯亚胺和淀粉交联到官能化四氧化三铁载体上。
2、该吸附剂具有高的比表面积,而且有丰富的羟基和氨基等官能团,可以快速螯合汞离子。研究表明,90min内吸附剂的可以达到最大去除率98.32%和吸附容量249.10mg/g。
3、本发明的工艺简便易行,原料廉价丰富,无需昂贵的设备和苛刻的生产条件,结果证实该吸附剂是一种快速,高效,稳定的汞离子吸附剂,适用于连续流水处理系统。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中采用的化学试剂由天津市永大化学试剂有限公司提供,纳米四氧化三铁、聚乙烯亚胺由上海麦克林生化科技公司提供,马铃薯淀粉购买于超市。
实施例1:
一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法,按照以下步骤进行:
(1)首先取2g纳米化四氧化三铁在500ml0.125mol/l HCl溶液中超声分散60min,用磁铁分离四氧化三铁,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇洗涤多次,保证完全去除HCl;
(2)将2g酸化的载体四氧化三铁加入含有200ml蒸馏水和800ml乙醇的圆底烧瓶中,室温下超声分散30min,然后滴加20ml氨水和5ml正硅酸乙酯,常温连续搅拌6h。用蒸馏水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,烘干;
(3)将(2)产物加入含有800ml乙醇和280ml蒸馏水,0.2g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的三口烧瓶中室温下超声分散30min,然后将40ml正硅酸乙酯滴加到混合溶液中,在80℃下连续搅拌12h;用蒸馏水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,烘干;将所获得产物加入到含有800ml乙醇和4.8g硝酸铵的三口烧瓶中,在80℃下连续搅拌12h;用蒸馏水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,烘干,最后得到介孔四氧化三铁;
(4)在N2保护下,将1.0g上述样品材料加入到100mL吡啶,分别滴加2.5ml氨水和2ml的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,并不断搅拌,然后在氮气氛围下,常温反应24h,洗涤,真空干燥,得到氨基功能化介孔四氧化三铁;载体与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:0.1;
(5)将0.20g马铃薯淀粉溶解在50ml二甲基亚砜中,并在90℃下搅拌以形成均匀溶液,加入3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,在氩气氛围中90℃下反应12h,得到浅黄色粘稠溶液;取浓度25%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液和0.5g氨基功能化介孔四氧化三铁加入到上述浅黄色溶液超声分散30min,加入质量分数为25%的戊二醛4ml,60℃下反应12h;用无水乙醇洗涤,放入真空干燥箱常温干燥12h,得到吸附剂;淀粉与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:0.1,所述淀粉与聚乙烯亚胺质量比为1:0.5。所得到吸附剂经测试,该材料的吸附量为249.10mg/g,去除率为98.32%。
实施例2:
与实施例1不同之处在于,所述步骤(1)中的四氧化三铁替换成介孔材料,不用磁铁分离;所述步骤(4)中的硅烷偶联剂为3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷;所述步骤(4)中的载体与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:2。所述步骤(5)中的硅烷偶联剂为3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷;所述步骤(5)中的淀粉为玉米淀粉,淀粉与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:3,所述淀粉与聚乙烯亚胺质量比为1:5。所得到吸附剂经测试,吸附量为239.64mg/g,去除率为94.59%。
实施例3
与实施例1不同之处在于,所述步骤(1)中的四氧化三铁替换成硅藻土,不用磁铁分离;所述步骤(4)中的硅烷偶联剂为巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷;所述步骤(4)中的载体与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:5。所述步骤(5)中的硅烷偶联剂为巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷;所述步骤(5)中的淀粉为小麦淀粉,淀粉与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:5,所述淀粉与聚乙烯亚胺质量比为1:10。所得到吸附剂经测试,该材料的吸附量为231.18mg/g,去除率为91.25%。
实施例4:
与实施例3不同之处在于,步骤(1)中四氧化三铁替换成膨润土,不用磁铁分离;所得到吸附剂经测试,该材料的吸附量为220.72mg/g,去除率为87.12%。

Claims (5)

1.一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,按照以下步骤进行:
(1)首先取2g纳米化载体四氧化三铁在500ml0.125mol/l HCl溶液中超声分散60min,用磁铁分离四氧化三铁,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇洗涤多次,保证完全去除HCl;
(2)将2g酸化的四氧化三铁加入含有200ml蒸馏水和800ml乙醇的圆底烧瓶中,室温下超声分散30min,然后滴加20ml氨水和5ml正硅酸乙酯,常温连续搅拌6h;用蒸馏水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,烘干;
(3)将(2)产物加入含有800ml乙醇和280ml蒸馏水,0.2g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的三口烧瓶中室温下超声分散30min,然后将40ml正硅酸乙酯滴加到混合溶液中,在80℃下连续搅拌12h;用蒸馏水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,烘干;将所获得产物加入到含有800ml乙醇和4.8g硝酸铵的三口烧瓶中,在80℃下连续搅拌12h;用蒸馏水和无水乙醇反复洗涤,烘干,最后得到介孔四氧化三铁;
(4)在N2保护下,将1.0g所述介孔四氧化三铁加入到100 mL吡啶中,分别滴加2.5 ml氨水和2 ml 硅烷偶联剂,并不断搅拌,然后在氮气氛围下,常温反应 24 h,洗涤,真空干燥,得到氨基功能化介孔四氧化三铁;
(5)将0.20g淀粉溶解在50 ml二甲基亚砜中,并在90℃下搅拌以形成均匀溶液,加入硅烷偶联剂,在氩气氛围中90℃下反应12 h,得到浅黄色粘稠溶液;取浓度25%的聚乙烯亚胺溶液和0.5g氨基功能化介孔四氧化三铁加入到上述浅黄色溶液超声分散30min,加入质量分数为25%的戊二醛4ml,60 ℃下反应12 h;用无水乙醇洗涤,放入真空干燥箱常温干燥12h,得到吸附剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中的硅烷偶联剂可为3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷或巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中的所述介孔四氧化三铁与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:0.1-1:5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中的硅烷偶联剂为3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷或巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种淀粉/聚乙烯亚胺复合磁性吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中的淀粉可为马铃薯淀粉、玉米淀粉或小麦淀粉,所述淀粉与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:(0.1-5),所述淀粉与聚乙烯亚胺质量比为1:(0.5-10)。
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