CN110176872B - Nano generator system and power supply device - Google Patents
Nano generator system and power supply device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110176872B CN110176872B CN201810324788.XA CN201810324788A CN110176872B CN 110176872 B CN110176872 B CN 110176872B CN 201810324788 A CN201810324788 A CN 201810324788A CN 110176872 B CN110176872 B CN 110176872B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
Abstract
The invention discloses a nanometer generator system and a power supply device, comprising: an electrode layer; the floating layer is arranged on the dielectric layer on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the floating layer; a charge pump connected to the floating layer and injecting charges into the floating layer; when the floating layer moves relative to the electrode layer, the generator system outputs an electric signal to an external circuit. The floating layer and the combination of the floating layer and the dielectric layer are used as the equivalent of at least one friction layer with the functions of friction electrification and static charge preservation, and charges can be controllably injected into the floating layer in real time through a charge pump. The charge density of the nano generator system is not generated mainly by friction or contact any more, is not restricted by air breakdown and the like, and has high power output density.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of nano new energy and mechanical energy collection, and relates to a nano generator system and a power supply device.
Background
The basic principle of the friction nano power generation technology is that when at least one of two surfaces which are in contact with each other or friction with each other is made of an insulating material, static charges are induced on the two surfaces by utilizing friction or contact, and when the two surfaces which are in contact with each other are separated, the separation of the static charges generates a potential difference, so that the directional movement of free charges is generated in an induction electrode, and thus, the mechanical energy in the environment can be collected and converted into electric energy. The friction nano power generation technology is particularly suitable for collecting mechanical energy of low-frequency motion, has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, rich material selection and the like, has potential application value in the technical field of new energy, and becomes a key technical requirement and technical difficulty in providing a friction nano power generator with higher output power density under the requirement that the demand of a miniaturized high-power energy supply device is more and more extensive.
Surface charge density is an important factor affecting the output power density of triboelectric nanogenerators. The surface static charge in the friction nano generator is generated by friction or contact of two surfaces, and high charge density is easily generated only by intense friction or contact, but the surface is easily subjected to larger heating and abrasion under the condition, so that the service life of a device is greatly influenced; meanwhile, the charge density is also restricted by air breakdown and the like, and the further improvement of the surface charge density and the output power density is restricted by the factors.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a nanogenerator having a high output power density, and a charge density of the nanogenerator is not generated mainly depending on friction or contact any more and is not restricted by air breakdown or the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The present disclosure provides a nanogenerator system and a power supply device to at least partially solve the technical problems set forth above.
(II) technical scheme
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a nanogenerator system including:
an electrode layer; the floating layer is arranged on the dielectric layer on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the floating layer; a charge pump connected to the floating layer and injecting charges into the floating layer; when the floating layer moves relative to the electrode layer, the generator system outputs an electric signal to an external circuit.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the technical scheme, the nano generator system and the power supply device have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the floating layer and the combination of the floating layer and the dielectric layer are used as the equivalent of at least one friction layer with the functions of friction electrification and static charge preservation, charges can be injected into the floating layer in real time and controllably through a charge pump, the dielectric layer can restrict the dissipation speed of the charges and avoid the restriction of air breakdown, so that the charge density of the nano generator is not generated mainly by friction or contact, abrasion and heating cannot be generated due to severe friction, and the nano generator is not restricted by air breakdown and the like;
(2) the friction nano generator is used as a charge pump, and is combined with a rectifier bridge to realize the directional output of charges, so that the charges can be controllably injected into a floating layer in real time, the structure of the friction nano generator can be a contact-separation type, a sliding type, a single electrode type, a free friction layer type and the like, the structure can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, and the application range is wide;
(3) by setting structural parameters such as the spring stiffness of the friction nano generator serving as the charge pump and the floating structure to match the motion phases of the friction nano generator and the floating structure, the voltage of the floating structure is near the lowest value even when the charge pump outputs. Specifically, for the contact separation mode, the floating structure is firstly in a contact state, at the moment, the capacitance is large, the voltage is low, charges are injected more easily, the friction nano generator generates contact separation movement again to realize charge injection, an integrated power supply device is formed, the real-time and controllable injection of the charges into the floating layer can be completed through single pressing and releasing actions, and mechanical energy is collected to be converted into electric energy to be output. The same phase matching principle is also applicable to generators of other modes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanogenerator system according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the contact-separated floating structure shown in the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a basic operation diagram of the nanogenerator system according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a variation of the structure of the nanogenerator system shown in the first embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanogenerator system according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanogenerator system according to a third embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a nanogenerator system according to a fourth embodiment;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a nanogenerator system according to a fifth embodiment;
fig. 9 and 10 are schematic structural views of a nanogenerator system according to a sixth embodiment;
fig. 11 and 12 are schematic structural views of a nanogenerator system according to a seventh embodiment;
fig. 13 and 14 are schematic structural views of a nanogenerator system according to an eighth embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a charge pump configuration;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a charge pump to a floating structure;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an integral power supply device including a charge pump;
fig. 18 to 20 are schematic structural views of charge pumps with other structures;
fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit of the nanogenerator system according to the invention.
[ notation ] to show
1-a nanogenerator system;
100-a floating structure;
111-a first electrode layer; 112-a first dielectric layer;
113-a first floating layer; 114-a third dielectric layer;
115-second floating layer; 116-a second dielectric layer;
117-second electrode layer; 120-electrical output port;
130-charge pump access port; 140-a spring set;
151-first substrate; 152-a second substrate;
200-a charge pump;
210-a charge pump generator;
211-a charge pump first substrate; 212-charge pump first electrode layer;
213-charge pump friction layer; 214-charge pump second electrode layer;
215-charge pump spring set; 216-a charge pump second substrate;
220-a charge pump rectifier bridge; 230-a connection port;
300-load;
2-a rectifier bridge; 3-an energy storage unit;
4-output port.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure provides a nanogenerator system comprising an electrode layer; the conductive floating layer is arranged on the dielectric layer on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the floating layer; injecting charges into the floating layer through a charge pump; under the action of external force, when the floating layer relatively moves relative to the electrode layer, the generator system outputs an electric signal to an external circuit. The charge pump can inject charges into the floating layer in real time and controllably, the dielectric layer of the floating layer can restrict the dissipation speed of the charges of the first floating layer and avoid the restriction of air breakdown, so that the charge density of the nano generator system does not mainly depend on friction or contact to generate, does not generate abrasion and heat due to severe friction, and is not restricted by air breakdown and the like, a large amount of restricted charges are accumulated in the first floating layer by continuously injecting a small amount of charges while collecting mechanical energy, high power output density is achieved, the output effect is doubled and improved, and the practicability of the nano generator system is promoted.
In the nanogenerator system of the invention, 1, 2 or more floating layers that can inject charges may be included.
For a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example one
In a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a contact split nanogenerator system including 2 floating layers is provided.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a contact-separated nanogenerator system according to a first embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional exploded view of a contact-separated floating structure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the contact separation type nanogenerator system of the embodiment includes: a floating structure 100, and a charge pump 200.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the floating structure 100 includes: a first substrate 151; a first electrode layer 111, a first dielectric layer 112, a first floating layer 113, and a third dielectric layer 114 disposed on the surface of the first floating layer 113 are sequentially disposed on the first substrate 151; a second substrate 152 disposed opposite to the first substrate 151; a second electrode layer 117, a second dielectric layer 116, and a second floating layer 115 are sequentially disposed on the second substrate 152; the second floating layer 115 and the third dielectric layer 114 are disposed opposite to each other, and can contact, separate or slide each other, and respectively serve as two friction layers of the nanogenerator system; the electric output port 120 is respectively led out from the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117, and is used for connecting an external load and outputting electric energy; a charge pump access port 130, which is a port where the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 are connected to the charge pump 200, for allowing charges to be pumped out or injected from the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115; and a spring assembly 140 fixed on the first substrate 151 and the second substrate 152 for springback after the device is pressed down, so that contact separation between the two friction layers is realized.
The upper and lower surfaces of the first floating layer 113 are a first dielectric layer 112 and a third dielectric layer 114, respectively; the upper and lower surfaces of the second floating layer 115 are air (which may also be a fluid such as vacuum, oil, other gas, etc.) and a second dielectric layer 116, respectively, wherein air is also a dielectric material.
In this embodiment, the first substrate 151 and the second substrate 152 are plate-shaped structures, mainly used for supporting thin film structures thereon, and may be composed of various structural materials or flexible materials, preferably insulating materials such as polymers, inorganic oxides, composite materials, etc., although the substrate structure of the present disclosure is not limited to the planar hard substrate shown in fig. 1, and other forms such as a soft substrate may also be adopted. The first base plate 151 and the second base plate 152 are optional components, and may not be provided when the strength of other portions of the generator system is sufficient.
In this embodiment, the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 are thin-film structures, and may be made of conductive materials such as metal, carbon material, or ITO, and the thickness thereof is preferably 50 nanometers to 50 micrometers.
In this embodiment, the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 may be a thin film structure or a bulk material, and may be a conductive material such as metal, carbon material, or ITO, or may be a semiconductor material such as silicon, GaN, etc., which mainly functions to receive and store injected charges, and is preferably a thin film with a thickness of 50 nm to 50 μm.
In this embodiment, the first dielectric layer 112, the third dielectric layer 114, and the second dielectric layer 116 may be thin-film structures, and may be insulating materials such as polymers, inorganic oxides, composite materials, etc., which mainly function as electrical insulation, and preferably have a thickness of 0.5 to 50 micrometers.
In this embodiment, the electrical output port 120 is mainly a wire, and is led out from the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117, and is used for connecting an external load and outputting electrical energy. The charge pump access port 130 is a port where the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 are connected to the charge pump 200, and is mainly a conductive line, so that charges can be pumped out or injected from the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115.
The spring assembly 140 is mainly used for springback after the device is pressed down, which is only one way to realize the relative movement of the first floating layer 113 with respect to the second electrode layer 117, and is not a limitation of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, the first substrate and the second substrate are respectively connected to two relatively moving components to drive the first floating layer 113 to move relatively to the second electrode layer 117, that is, two friction layers of the nanogenerator system are close to and away from each other. At the same time, the second floating layer 115 also moves relatively with respect to the first electrode layer 111.
The charge pump 200 is used for pumping charges into the corresponding floating layers and performing charge transport, and the specific structure thereof will be described later.
Fig. 3 is a basic operation schematic diagram of a contact separation type nanogenerator system according to a first embodiment of the disclosure. The basic operation principle of the contact separation type nanogenerator system of the embodiment will be described below with reference to fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 3, an external load 300 is connected to the electrical output port 120. The whole working cycle is divided into four stages of I, II, III and IV. Before the illustrated duty cycle, the charge pump 200 has pumped the positive charges (which can be understood as the equivalent of reverse electron flow) in the second floating layer 115 into the first floating layer 113 so that the two floating layers are charged with a large number of charges of equal and opposite signs, respectively. Due to the induction effect of the electric charges, the positive electric charges in the first float layer 113 induce a positive electric potential in the first electrode layer 111, and the negative electric charges in the second float layer 115 induce a negative electric potential in the second electrode layer 117. When the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 are connected by the load 300, charges move due to unequal potentials, thereby making the first electrode layer 111 negatively charged and the second electrode layer 117 positively charged by an equal amount. The above is the device state before the start of the illustrated duty cycle. After the cycle starts, at stage I, the external force presses down the upper substrate 151 to make the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 approach each other, the inductive effect of the charges in the two layers is partially cancelled, so that the inductive effect of the two layers in the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 is weakened, a part of the positive charges flows from the second electrode layer 117 to the first electrode layer 111 through the external load 300, and generates a current, and outputs electric energy to the load 300. In stage II, the upper substrate 151 is further pressed down and the third dielectric layer 114 is in contact with the second floating layer 115, and then the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 are very close to each other, the inductive effects of the two layers are substantially cancelled out, only a small amount of charges are stored in the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117, and most of the charges are transferred and neutralized by the external load 300. In stage III, the upper substrate 151 rebounds through the spring assembly 140, the distance between the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 increases, the induction in the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 increases respectively, resulting in the transfer of charges through the external load 300, the amount of charges in both the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 increases, and a reverse current is generated in the external load 300. At stage IV, the spring pack 140 springs back completely, eventually returning to the initial state. It is emphasized that in the four phases described above, the charge pump 200 can still controllably pump charge to the floating layer in real time and continuously to supplement the charge dissipation in the floating layer.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a variation of the nanogenerator system structure shown in the first embodiment. The first substrate slides relative to the second substrate, which drives the first floating layer 113 to move relative to the second electrode layer 117, that is, the two friction layers of the nano-generator system slide relative to each other. At the same time, the second floating layer 115 also moves relatively with respect to the first electrode layer 111.
Example two
In a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an inductive nanogenerator system comprising 2 floating layers is provided.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an induction-type nanogenerator system. The method comprises the following steps: a floating structure and a charge pump 200.
Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the floating structure includes: a first substrate 151; a first floating layer 113 and a third dielectric layer 114 disposed on the surface of the first floating layer 113 are sequentially disposed on the first substrate 151; a second substrate 152 disposed opposite to the first substrate 151; a first electrode layer 111 and a second electrode layer 117 are separately arranged on the second substrate 152 in sequence, a first dielectric layer 112 and a second dielectric layer 116, and a second floating layer 115 are respectively arranged on the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117, and the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 are connected with the charge pump 200; the second floating layer 115 and the third dielectric layer 114 are disposed opposite to each other and can contact, be separated from, or slide relative to each other, the first floating layer 113 moves relative to the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer, and an electric charge output is generated on the load 300 between the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117.
In this embodiment, the first dielectric layer 112 may or may not be provided with a conductive layer.
EXAMPLE III
In a third exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a nanogenerator system of a single electrode type including 2 floating layers.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-electrode nano-generator system. The method comprises the following steps: a floating structure and a charge pump 200.
Referring to fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the floating structure includes: a first substrate 151; a first floating layer 113, a third dielectric layer 114, and a second floating layer 115 are sequentially stacked over the first substrate 151; a second substrate 152 disposed opposite to the first substrate 151; a second electrode layer 117 and a second dielectric layer 116 are sequentially stacked on the second substrate 152, and the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 are connected to the charge pump 200; wherein the second floating layer 115 is disposed opposite to the second dielectric layer 116, and can contact, separate or slide with each other, the first floating layer 113 or the second floating layer 115 moves relative to the second electrode layer 117, and an electric charge output is generated on the load 300 between the second electrode layer 117 and the ground.
In this embodiment, the second dielectric layer 116 may be disposed on the surface of the second floating layer 115, in addition to the second electrode layer 117.
In this embodiment, only the second electrode layer 117 is an output terminal of the generator system, and thus the generator system has a single-electrode structure.
Example four
In a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a nanogenerator system of a free friction layer type including 2 floating layers is provided.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-electrode nano-generator system. The method comprises the following steps: a floating structure and a charge pump 200.
Referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the floating structure includes: a first substrate 151; a first electrode layer 111 and a first dielectric layer 112 are sequentially stacked over the first substrate 151; a second substrate 152 disposed opposite to the first substrate 151; a second electrode layer 117 and a second dielectric layer 116 are sequentially stacked over the second substrate 152; a laminated structure of a first floating layer 113, a third dielectric layer 114, and a second floating layer 115 is disposed between the first dielectric layer 112 and the second dielectric layer 116, the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 are connected to the charge pump 200; the first floating layer 113 is disposed opposite to the first dielectric layer 112, the second floating layer 115 is disposed opposite to the second dielectric layer 116, the stacked structure moves between the first dielectric layer 112 and the second dielectric layer 116, the first floating layer 113 or the second floating layer 115 moves relative to the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117, and a charge output is generated on the load 300 between the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117.
In this embodiment, the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 are output terminals of the generator system, and the laminated structure formed by the first floating layer 113, the third dielectric layer 114, and the second floating layer 115 can move between the first dielectric layer 112 and the second dielectric layer 116, and thus is a generator system of a free friction layer structure.
The first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 in this embodiment may be connected to ground, and electric signals may be output between the first electrode layer 111 and the ground and between the second electrode layer 117 and the ground.
In this embodiment, the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 may be relatively movable or may be relatively immovable. As long as the laminated structure of the first floating layer 113, the third dielectric layer 114, and the second floating layer 115 is moved relative to the first electrode layer 111 or the second electrode layer 117.
EXAMPLE five
Referring to fig. 8, this embodiment is a modified structure of the fourth embodiment, in which the first floating layer 113 is disposed on the surface of the first dielectric layer 112, and the second dielectric layer 116 is disposed on the lower surface of the second floating layer 115, or disposed on the surface of the second electrode layer 117. The second float layer 115 may move between the second electrode layer 117 and the first float layer 113.
In this embodiment, the second floating layer 115 moves relative to the second electrode layer 117, and an electric charge output can be generated on the load 300 between the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117.
EXAMPLE six
In an embodiment, a nanogenerator system of a single electrode type including 1 floating layer is provided.
Referring to fig. 9, in the present embodiment, the floating structure includes: a first floating layer 113 and a third dielectric layer 114 are stacked on the first substrate, and a second electrode layer 117 is provided on the second substrate; the third dielectric layer 114 and the second electrode layer 117 are disposed opposite to each other, and can contact, separate or slide each other, respectively serving as two friction layers of the nanogenerator system; the first floating layer 113 is connected to the charge pump 200; the first floating layer 113 moves relative to the second electrode layer 117, and a charge output is generated on the load 300 between the second electrode layer 117 and ground.
One end of the charge pump 200 is connected to the first floating layer 113; the other end may be grounded or connected to a conductor, or may be connected to the second electrode layer 117.
Referring to fig. 10, in this embodiment, a second dielectric layer 116 and a second floating layer 115 may be further disposed on the second electrode layer 117 in sequence, wherein the third dielectric layer 114 and the second floating layer 115 are disposed opposite to each other, and can contact, separate or slide with each other, and serve as two friction layers of the nanogenerator system. The first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 are connected to the charge pump 200, the first floating layer 113 moves relative to the second electrode layer 117, the second electrode layer 117 is an output terminal, and the output of charges is generated on the load 300 between the output terminal and the ground.
EXAMPLE seven
In an embodiment, a nanogenerator system including 1 floating layer is provided.
Referring to fig. 11, the floating structure includes: a first electrode layer 111, a first dielectric layer 112, a first floating layer 113, and a third dielectric layer 114 are sequentially stacked on a first substrate 151, and a second electrode layer 117 is disposed on a second substrate; the third dielectric layer 114 and the second electrode layer 117 are disposed opposite to each other, and can contact, separate (as shown in fig. 11) or slide (as shown in fig. 12), respectively serving as two friction layers of the nanogenerator system; the first floating layer 113 is connected to the charge pump 200; the first floating layer 113 moves relative to the second electrode layer 117 under the driving of the first substrate, and the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 are output terminals of the generator system, so that an electric charge output is generated on the load 300.
One end of the charge pump 200 is connected to the first floating layer 113; the other end may be grounded or connected to a conductor, or may be connected to the first electrode layer 111 or the second electrode layer 117.
The first substrate 151 and the second substrate 152 can be moved toward and away from each other or slid by a mechanical structure such as a spring.
In this embodiment, the third dielectric layer 114 may be disposed on the second electrode layer 117 in addition to the first floating layer 113, and the dielectric layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the first floating layer 113 are the first dielectric layer 112 and air, respectively. The arrangement of which side has no influence on the operation of the generator system.
Example eight
In this embodiment, an inductive nanogenerator system including 1 floating layer is provided.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an induction-type nanogenerator system. The method comprises the following steps: a floating structure and a charge pump 200.
Referring to fig. 13, in the present embodiment, the floating structure includes: a first floating layer 113 and a third dielectric layer 114 arranged on the surface of the first floating layer 113 are sequentially stacked on the first substrate; the second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate; a first electrode layer 111 and a second electrode layer 117 which are separated are arranged on the same plane of the second substrate, the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 are arranged on the same side of the first floating layer 113, and the first floating layer 113 and the second electrode layer 117 are connected with the charge pump 200; the second electrode layer 117, the first electrode layer 111 and the third dielectric layer 114 are disposed opposite to each other, and can contact, be separated or slide with each other, the first floating layer 113 moves relative to the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer, and an electric charge output is generated on the load 300 between the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117.
In this embodiment, one end of the charge pump 200 is connected to the first floating layer 113; the other end may be grounded or connected to a conductor, or may be connected to the second electrode layer 117.
Referring to fig. 14, in the present embodiment, instead of providing the third dielectric layer on the first floating layer 113, the first dielectric layer 112 and the second dielectric layer 116 may be provided on the surfaces of the first electrode layer 111 and the second electrode layer 117 facing the first floating layer 113, respectively. In such a structure, the dielectric layer of the lower surface of the first floating layer 113 is air, and the dielectric layer of the upper surface can be omitted since it is disposed on the substrate.
Example nine
The charge pump of the present disclosure includes: the direct current or alternating current output device comprises one or more of the following devices: friction nano-generator, electromagnetic generator, piezoelectric generator, thermoelectric device; and a rectifier connected to the AC output device for converting the output of the AC output device into DC power.
Referring to fig. 15, the structure of the charge pump 200 employed in the nanogenerator system is based on a contact separation type friction nanogenerator, and includes: a charge pump generator 210; a charge pump rectifier bridge 220, the input end of which is connected to the charge pump generator 210; and a connection port 230 as an output terminal of the charge pump rectifier bridge 220, connected to the nanogenerator system in the above-described embodiment. Wherein the charge pump generator 210 includes: a charge pump first substrate 211 on which a charge pump first electrode layer 212 and a charge pump friction layer 213 are sequentially disposed; a charge pump second substrate 216 disposed opposite to the charge pump first substrate 211, on which a charge pump second electrode layer 214 is disposed, the second electrode layer 214 being contactable and frictionable with the charge pump friction layer 213; and a charge pump spring assembly 215 fixed between the charge pump first substrate 211 and the charge pump second substrate 216, wherein the charge pump spring assembly 215 is used for springback after the device is pressed down, so that contact separation between the charge pump second electrode layer 214 and the charge pump friction layer 213 is realized.
In this embodiment, the first charge pump substrate 211 and the second charge pump substrate 216 are plate-shaped structures, and are mainly used to support a thin film structure thereon, and may be made of various structural materials or flexible materials, preferably, insulating materials such as polymers, inorganic oxides, and composite materials, although the substrate structure of the present disclosure is not limited to the planar hard substrate shown in fig. 15, and other forms such as a soft substrate may also be adopted. The first electrode layer 212 and the second electrode layer 214 are thin film structures, and may be made of conductive materials such as metal, carbon material or ITO, and the preferred thickness is 50 nm to 50 μm. The charge pump friction layer 213 is a thin film structure, and can be an insulating material such as a polymer, an inorganic oxide, a composite material, and the like, mainly plays a role in electrical insulation and frictional electrification, and preferably has a thickness of 0.5 to 100 micrometers. The charge pump generator 210 generates an alternating current between the two electrodes based on triboelectric and electrostatic induction during the contact separation movement of the upper and lower parts. The output of the charge pump generator 210 is rectified by the charge pump rectifier bridge 220 to generate a current flowing from the "-" terminal to the "+" terminal of the rectifier bridge, which in turn causes a directional movement of positive or negative charges to pump the charge.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the charge pump and the floating structure 100 of the nanogenerator system according to this embodiment. The charge pump access port 130 is correspondingly connected with the connection port 230, so as to realize the connection between the charge pump 200 and the floating structure 100.
Example ten
Fig. 17 is an operation schematic diagram of the integrated power supply device including the specific structure of the charge pump according to the present embodiment. Referring to fig. 17, the integrated power supply device includes: the contact separation type nanometer generator system and the charge pump are based on the contact separation type friction nanometer generator, the working cycle comprises four basic stages of I, II, III and IV, wherein the working principle of the floating structure 100 is the same as that shown in figure 3. The contact separation type floating structure and the charge pump are integrated into a single device, the charge can be continuously and controllably injected into the floating layer in real time through single pressing and releasing actions, mechanical energy is collected to output current outwards, and the load is directly driven. In order to coordinate the phase of the contact separation motion of the charge pump generator 210 and the floating structure 100 in the charge pump 200, the stiffness of the charge pump spring set 215 is set to be greater than that of the spring set 140, so that the floating structure 100 is in the contact state first, and the friction nanogenerator 210 generates the contact separation motion again, thereby generating the charge pumping action. This design ensures that the first floating layer 113 and the second floating layer 115 are in the closest proximity, where the voltage between them is small and it is easier to pump charge. In combination with this working principle it can also be seen that the charge injection is continuous and controllable in real time, which can effectively complement the charge dissipation in the floating layer.
Preferably, the power supply device is an integrated structure, and the motion phase between the floating structure and the charge pump is matched. The integration of the contact separation type floating structure and the charge pump can be the upper-lower lamination integration in fig. 17, or the left-right side-by-side integration.
Fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a charge pump based on a sliding friction nano-generator according to another embodiment. Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a charge pump based on a single-electrode friction nano-generator according to another embodiment. Fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a charge pump based on a friction nano generator with a free friction layer according to another embodiment. The structures of the friction nano-generator in different modes are all shown in common structures, and are not described in detail here.
The four charge pumps shown in fig. 15, 18-20 can be used for charge pumping in any one of the nanogenerator systems of fig. 1-14. Besides the four charge pump structures, other friction nano generator structures, electromagnetic generators, piezoelectric generators, thermoelectric devices and other various devices, devices or equipment capable of outputting current or voltage can be combined with a rectifying device to be used as the charge pump in the invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit of the nanogenerator system.
Referring to fig. 21, the output of the nanogenerator system 1 is rectified by the rectifier bridge 2 and then charges the energy storage unit 3, and the stable voltage can be output to the load through the port 4.
The floating structure 100 of the nanogenerator system in the above embodiment includes four basic modes, a contact separation structure, as shown in fig. 1, 6, and 11; a sliding structure, as shown in fig. 4 and 12; a single electrode structure as shown in fig. 6, 9, 10; inductive and free friction layer structures, as shown in fig. 5, 7, 8, 13, 14, each mode includes several variations of the structure shown. The four modes respectively correspond to the friction nano-generator of the corresponding mode, and the common point is that the friction layer in the friction nano-generator can be replaced by a floating layer, and charges are injected by a charge pump, and the floating layer is insulated from other layers by a dielectric layer, so that the charges can be stored. The four-mode variation structure is not limited to the form illustrated in the drawings, and other designs that only change the number and positions of the dielectric layer and the floating layer are included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the shape of each layer in the present disclosure is not limited to the rectangle shown in the drawings, and may be any other shape. The floating structure proposed by the present disclosure is applicable to all modes of known triboelectric nanogenerators, and several representative, but not exhaustive, structures are given above. It is within the scope of the present disclosure to replace the friction material layer of the conventional friction nano-generator with a structure derived from a floating layer and a dielectric layer (e.g., two contactable surface dielectric layers are repeated, and one dielectric layer can be removed). Furthermore, any generator that uses the principle of floating layer charge injection and induction is within the scope of the present disclosure. The charge injection techniques of the present disclosure are only partially listed, and any method that can inject charge can be used as the techniques employed in the present disclosure. In particular, in the charge injection method based on the friction nano-generator, since the friction nano-generator is combined with a rectifier bridge (or other rectifier devices such as a diode) to be a general charge handling technology, i.e., a charge pump technology, any device adopting such a principle should be within the protection scope of the present patent. The method for matching the motion phase and integrating the device based on the spring stiffness is not only suitable for contact separation type devices, but also suitable for other similar devices.
In summary, the disclosure provides a nano-generator system and a power supply device, wherein a floating layer, and a combination of the floating layer and a dielectric layer are used as the equivalent of at least one friction layer having functions of frictional electrification and electrostatic charge preservation, charges can be controllably injected into the floating layer in real time through a charge pump, the dielectric layer can restrict the dissipation speed of the charges and avoid the restriction of air breakdown, so that the charge density of the nano-generator is no longer generated mainly by friction or contact, abrasion and heating due to severe friction are not generated, and the nano-generator is not restricted by air breakdown and the like; the friction nano generator is used as a charge pump, and is combined with a rectifier bridge to realize the directional output of charges, so that the charges can be controllably injected into a floating layer in real time, the structure of the friction nano generator can be a contact-separation type, a sliding type, a single electrode type, a free friction layer type and the like, the structure can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, and the application range is wide; by setting structural parameters such as the spring stiffness of the friction nano generator serving as the charge pump and the floating structure to match the motion phases of the friction nano generator and the floating structure, the voltage of the floating structure is near the lowest value even when the charge pump outputs. Specifically, in the contact separation mode, the floating structure is in a contact state firstly, at the moment, the capacitance is large, the voltage is low, charges are injected more easily, the generator of the charge pump generates contact separation movement again to realize charge injection, an integrated power supply device is formed, the real-time and controllable injection of the charges into the floating layer can be completed through single pressing and releasing actions, and mechanical energy is collected to be converted into electric energy to be output. The same phase matching principle is also applicable to generators of other modes.
It should also be noted that directional terms, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like, used in the embodiments are only directions referring to the drawings, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Throughout the drawings, like elements are represented by like or similar reference numerals. And the shapes and sizes of the respective components in the drawings do not reflect actual sizes and proportions, but merely illustrate the contents of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (20)
1. A nanogenerator system comprising:
an electrode layer;
the floating layer is arranged on the dielectric layer on the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the floating layer; the floating layer material is a conductive material or a semiconductor material;
a charge pump connected to the floating layer and injecting charges into the floating layer;
when the floating layer moves relative to the electrode layer, the generator system outputs an electric signal to an external circuit;
wherein the charge pump comprises: the direct current or alternating current output device comprises one or more of the following devices: friction nano-generator, electromagnetic generator, piezoelectric generator, thermoelectric device;
the alternating current output device is connected with the rectifier and converts the output of the alternating current output device into direct current.
2. The generator system of claim 1, comprising:
a second electrode layer;
the first floating layer and the third dielectric layer are arranged in a stacked mode, and one end of the charge pump is connected with the first floating layer;
the third dielectric layer and the second electrode layer are arranged oppositely and can contact with each other, can be separated from each other or can slide mutually.
3. The generator system of claim 2, wherein the other end of the charge pump is connected to ground or a conductor, or to the second electrode layer.
4. The generator system of claim 2, further comprising,
the second dielectric layer and the second floating layer are sequentially arranged on the second electrode layer, and the third dielectric layer and the second floating layer are arranged oppositely and can be contacted, separated or mutually slide;
the first floating layer and the second floating layer are connected with the charge pump.
5. The generator system of any of claims 2-4, wherein a charge output is generated between the second electrode layer and ground.
6. The generator system according to claim 2 or 4, further comprising a first dielectric layer and a first electrode layer provided in a stacked manner on the first floating layer; the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are output ends of the generator system.
7. The generator system of claim 1, comprising:
the first floating layer and the third dielectric layer are arranged in a stacked mode, and one end of the charge pump is connected with the first floating layer;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are separated and arranged on the same plane; disposed opposite the third dielectric layer;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are output ends of the generator system.
8. The generator system of claim 7, wherein the other end of the charge pump is connected to ground or a conductor, or to the second electrode layer.
9. The generator system of claim 7, further comprising: and the second dielectric layer and the second floating layer are stacked on the second electrode layer, and the other end of the charge pump is connected with the second floating layer.
10. The generator system of claim 1, comprising:
the first floating layer is arranged in a stacked mode, and one end of the charge pump is connected with the first floating layer;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are separated and arranged on the same plane; respectively arranging a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer on the surfaces of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer facing the first floating layer;
the other end of the charge pump is grounded or connected with a conductor or is connected with the second electrode layer;
the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are output ends of the generator system.
11. The generator system of claim 1, comprising:
stacking a first floating layer, a third dielectric layer and a second floating layer;
a second electrode layer and a second dielectric layer are arranged in a laminated manner, and the second floating layer and the second dielectric layer are arranged oppositely and can contact, be separated or slide mutually; or, a second electrode layer and a second dielectric layer, wherein the second dielectric layer is disposed on the surface of the second floating layer, is disposed opposite to the second electrode layer, and can be contacted, separated or slid with each other;
the first floating layer and the second floating layer are connected with the charge pump;
the first floating layer moves relative to the second electrode layer, creating a charge output between the second electrode layer and ground.
12. The generator system of claim 1, comprising:
a first electrode layer and a first dielectric layer which are arranged in a stacked manner;
a second electrode layer and a second dielectric layer which are arranged in a stacked manner;
the first floating layer, the third dielectric layer and the second floating layer form a laminated structure;
the first floating layer and the second floating layer are connected with the charge pump;
wherein the first floating layer is arranged opposite to the first dielectric layer, the second floating layer is arranged opposite to the second dielectric layer, and the laminated structure is movable between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer;
the first and second electrode layers are output terminals of the generator system; alternatively, an electric signal is output between the first electrode layer and the ground and between the second electrode layer and the ground.
13. The generator system of claim 1, comprising:
a first electrode layer, a first dielectric layer and a first floating layer which are stacked;
a second electrode layer;
the third dielectric layer, the second floating layer and the second dielectric layer form a laminated structure;
the first floating layer and the second floating layer are connected with the charge pump;
wherein the first floating layer is arranged opposite to the third dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer is arranged opposite to the second electrode layer, and the laminated structure can move between the third dielectric layer and the second electrode layer;
the first and second electrode layers are output terminals of the generator system; alternatively, an electric signal is output between the first electrode layer and the ground and between the second electrode layer and the ground.
14. The generator system of any of claims 1-10, further comprising a first substrate and a second substrate.
15. The generator system of any of claims 1-10, further comprising a spring structure connecting the first and second substrates.
16. The generator system of claim 1 wherein the ac output device is a contact split friction nano-generator.
17. The generator system of any of claims 1-16, wherein the floating layer is a thin film structure or a bulk material;
preferably, the floating layer is a thin film with a thickness of 50 nanometers to 50 micrometers.
18. The generator system of any of claims 1-17, wherein the dielectric layer is a thin film structure;
preferably, the dielectric layer is made of insulating materials such as polymers, inorganic oxides, composite materials and the like;
preferably, the thickness of the dielectric layer is 0.5 to 50 micrometers.
19. Integral power supply device, comprising a nanogenerator system according to any of claims 1 to 6, 10 to 11 and 14 to 18, wherein
When the charge pump outputs, the voltage of a floating structure in the generator system is near the lowest value.
20. The device of claim 19, wherein the charge pump is a contact split friction based nanogenerator, the floating structure is a contact split structure;
the charge pump and the floating structure are arranged in an up-and-down stacked mode or in a left-and-right side-by-side mode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810324788.XA CN110176872B (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Nano generator system and power supply device |
| PCT/CN2019/082034 WO2019196859A1 (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2019-04-10 | Nanogenerator system and power supply device |
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| CN201810324788.XA CN110176872B (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Nano generator system and power supply device |
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| CN113541526B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-08-29 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | Multi-medium-based micro-generator and generator set |
| CN114046220B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2024-02-02 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Power generation system and power generation method |
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| US7449811B2 (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2008-11-11 | The University Of Tokyo | Electrostatic induction conversion device |
| CN103780143B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2018-09-14 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | A kind of piezoelectric nano generator, eyeball mobile monitor sensor and its monitoring method |
| JP6286767B2 (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2018-03-07 | 酒井 捷夫 | Switchback electrostatic generator using asymmetric electrostatic force |
| CN104426425A (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-18 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Inertial power generation device with power generating unit and acceleration direction detection device |
| CN104868777B (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2019-12-06 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | friction nanometer generator, generator set and power generation method |
| CN105245128B (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2018-10-16 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | A kind of mobile charging component, charging shell and charger based on triboelectricity |
| CN105337528B (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2018-05-25 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | A kind of method for improving friction generator output intensity |
| JP2016086624A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-05-19 | 憲治 本田 | Method of battery with charging unit |
| KR102600148B1 (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2023-11-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Triboelectric generator using surface plasmon resonance |
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