CN110174229B - Experimental device and experimental method for simulating collision of impeller blades and particles - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for simulating collision of impeller blades and particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN110174229B CN110174229B CN201910329528.6A CN201910329528A CN110174229B CN 110174229 B CN110174229 B CN 110174229B CN 201910329528 A CN201910329528 A CN 201910329528A CN 110174229 B CN110174229 B CN 110174229B
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mechanical experiment device and a mechanical experiment method. The test bed can quantitatively simulate the collision, sliding and rebound process of single particles and the impeller blades. The technical proposal is as follows: a test bed for simulating collision between impeller blades and particles comprises a bottom plate; the method is characterized in that: the device comprises a bottom plate, a particle bearing and releasing device, a sample plate rotating device, a high-speed shooting system and a control device, wherein the bottom plate is provided with a lifting mechanism, the particle bearing and releasing device is used for positioning a particle to be emitted, the sample plate rotating device is arranged below the particle bearing and releasing device and is used for impacting the emitted particle, and the high-speed shooting system is further arranged for shooting the impact condition of the particle; the particle bearing and releasing device comprises a pneumatic sliding table which can be horizontally and slidably positioned on the lifting mechanism and is driven by the air cylinder, a cylinder which is fixed on the pneumatic sliding table and is used for carrying particles, and an air source which is used for providing power for the air pump.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanical experiment device and a mechanical experiment method, in particular to a test bed for simulating collision of impeller blades and particles, and also relates to a test method for simulating collision of impeller blades and particles.
Background
The research on collision between the impeller and particles is significant for reducing abrasion and prolonging the service life of parts of the impeller of the fluid machinery. The collision rebound test bed mentioned in the prior literature mostly collides with a static sample by moving particles, and the recovery coefficient of the material can be measured, but the collision state in the impeller runner cannot be truly reflected. The collision of the rotating impeller with the particles is not a simple relative motion, but rather a coriolis force is added, and the collision is more complex than that of a stationary sample. However, the actual collision condition in the impeller runner is difficult to directly observe and measure.
In order to further study the collision rebound phenomenon in the impeller flow channel, a new test solution is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provide a test bed for simulating the collision of impeller blades and particles, wherein the test bed can quantitatively simulate the collision, sliding and rebound process of single particles and impeller blades.
The invention also provides a test method for simulating collision between the impeller blade and the particles.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a test bed for simulating collision between impeller blades and particles comprises a bottom plate; the method is characterized in that: the device comprises a bottom plate, a particle bearing and releasing device, a sample plate rotating device, a high-speed shooting system and a control device, wherein the bottom plate is provided with a lifting mechanism, the particle bearing and releasing device is used for positioning a particle to be emitted, the sample plate rotating device is arranged below the particle bearing and releasing device and is used for impacting the emitted particle, and the high-speed shooting system is further arranged for shooting the impact condition of the particle;
the particle bearing and releasing device comprises a pneumatic sliding table which can be horizontally and slidably positioned on the lifting mechanism and is driven by the air cylinder, a cylinder which is fixed on the pneumatic sliding table and is used for carrying particles, and an air source which is used for providing power for the air pump;
the sample plate rotating device comprises a worm and gear transmission mechanism driven by a servo motor and a sample plate driven by the worm and gear transmission mechanism to swing.
The lifting mechanism comprises a supporting seat vertically fixed on the bottom plate, a screw rod positioned on the supporting seat and capable of rotating around a vertical axis, a nut sliding block matched with the screw rod and capable of vertically sliding along the plate surface of the supporting seat, and a stepping motor for driving the screw rod.
The pneumatic sliding table comprises a guide rail horizontally arranged on the lifting seat, a cylinder arranged on the lifting seat and a pneumatic sliding block slidably positioned on the guide rail, and the cylinder is fixed on the pneumatic sliding block.
The air source is communicated with the air cylinder through an air pipe, and an electromagnetic valve for control is arranged on the air pipe.
The sample plate is fixed on an output shaft of the worm and gear transmission mechanism through a T-shaped rod.
The output shaft is horizontally arranged.
The high-speed camera system comprises a light source, a high-speed camera and a reflector group which surrounds the periphery of the sample plate and forms a certain angle with the horizontal plane.
The high-speed camera lens axis is perpendicular to the light source axis.
The test method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
a test method for simulating collision of impeller blades and particles comprises the following steps:
the first step: determination of experimental parameters
Angular velocity ω (rad/s) of spindle (sample plate), impact angle γ (rad), initial velocity v of particles 1 (m/s), particle impact velocity v 2 (m/s), the distance d (m) of the impact point from the spindle axis.
And a second step of: the required parameters are calculated in detail, and the process is as follows:
1) The particle drop height h is calculated according to equation (1.1).
2) And determining the main shaft starting time t according to the formulas (1.2), (1.3), (1.5) and (1.6), wherein a positive value is that the main shaft is started after the particles are released, and a negative value is that the particles are released after the main shaft is started. Wherein t is 1 Spindle rotation time t for particle flight time 2 Alpha is the rotation angle of the main shaft, and beta is the included angle between the impact speed of the particles and the horizontal plane.
α＝γ-β (0.4)
t＝t 1 -t 2 (0.6)
3) And determining the horizontal distance x (the position of a limiting block) between the particle release point and the center of the main shaft according to formulas (1.7) and (1.8), and determining the vertical distance H (the height of the sliding table) between the particle release point and the center of the main shaft.
x＝v 1 t 1 -dcos(γ-β) (0.7)
H＝h+dsin(γ-β) (0.8)
And a third step of: air pressure of an air source is regulated, a pneumatic sliding table is operated in a test mode, and the time t required from starting to collision stopping of the sliding table is measured 3 . Starting the electromagnetic valve to be zero time and starting the servo motor to be t 4 Time of day.
t 4 ＝t+t 3 (0.9)
Fourth step: and setting corresponding distance, starting time and spindle rotating speed according to the calculation result. The purpose of parameter calculation is to provide parameters required for control, limit the speed, the impact angle and the rotation angle of a sample plate when the particles impact to a certain range, and accurate experimental results are obtained by processing pictures taken by a high-speed camera.
Fifth step: and placing particles and adjusting the high-speed camera equipment. And starting the test bed, and enabling the particles to be accelerated and released to strike the sample plate at a preset position so as to complete the experiment.
Sixth step: the experimental procedure was recorded and the sample plate was removed for additional analysis and particle collection.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention selects the servo motor as power, and can conveniently control the rotating speed and the rotating positioning; the motor output shaft drives a worm and gear transmission mechanism (the worm and gear transmission has self-locking property, so that impact force of particles on a sample plate can be resisted, and the test result is prevented from being influenced by the reverse stroke of the sample plate); the sample plate is fixed on the worm wheel spindle through the T-shaped rod (the sample plate is fixed on the T-shaped rod through bolts), and the sample can be conveniently replaced by adopting the bolt connection, so that the experimental requirements of various materials are met. The worm gear and the servo motor can be conveniently positioned at any angle to be used as a conventional static sample plate collision rebound test bed.
The test method provided by the invention provides a specific process for simulating the impact of the impeller blade and the particles and a necessary parameter calculation formula, and can quantitatively simulate the collision slip rebound process of the single particles and the impeller blade to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention (the components of the air supply and air path are omitted).
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a connection structure of a particle release carrier and an air source in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a circular tube in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a pneumatic slider with a round tube mounted.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a pneumatic slider without a round tube installed.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a lifting mechanism in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a mirror assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a T-bar with a sample plate attached thereto according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a general structural schematic diagram of another angle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described further below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The test bed for simulating collision of impeller blades and particles shown in fig. 1 comprises an air source 25, a particle bearing and releasing device (an air cylinder 13, a pneumatic sliding block 14, a limiting block 15 and a guide rail 16), a lifting mechanism (a screw rod 9, a stepping motor 7, a lower support 8, a nut sliding block 10 and an upper support 28), a servo motor 1, a sample plate rotating device (a worm 4, a worm wheel 5, a main shaft 6, a sample plate 12 and a T-shaped rod 11), and a high-speed camera system (a light source 22, a high-speed camera 23 and a reflector group 17). Also comprising bearings, bearing blocks, scales 18 and a base plate 19. The bottom plate is the basement of whole test bench, is equipped with the scale on the scale and is used for auxiliary experiment.
This embodiment is different from conventional free-falling body releasing particles in that the particles are released in a horizontal projectile (steel particles are recommended) in order to obtain a sufficient initial velocity of the particles. As shown in fig. 3, the particles are placed in a circular tube 26 with an inner diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the particles, and the circular tube is open at one end and closed at the other end, and has a convex edge 31 (preferably, the inner diameter of the circular tube is slightly larger than the diameter of the particles, and the length is controlled to be about 3 times of the diameter of the particles). As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the round tube is directly fixed in the groove at one side of the pneumatic sliding table 14 through the flange, so that the round tube with different inner diameters can be conveniently replaced, and the movement of the round tube can be restrained. As shown in fig. 2, one surface of the plate-shaped lifting seat 29 is provided with a guide rail 16, and the pneumatic sliding table 14 and the limiting block 15 are arranged on the guide rail 16; the guide rail both sides are opened there is channel 30, and stopper 15 both sides are equipped with the screw hole, and the stopper can be fixed in the optional position of guide rail channel within range through the bolt and nut, conveniently adjusts granule release position. The pneumatic slipway 14 is connected with the piston rod of the cylinder 13, and the opening and closing of the air source (usually a compressed air storage tank) is controlled by an electromagnetic valve. The air cylinder drives the pneumatic sliding table to move forwards and rapidly under the drive of high-pressure air until the pneumatic sliding table stops after impacting the limiting block 15, and particles in the circular tube are horizontally thrown out at the speed of collision under the action of inertia. The aim of controlling the particle injection speed can be achieved by calibrating the corresponding relation between the pressure in the air source and the particle speed.
Referring to fig. 1 and 9, the sample plate rotating device comprises a servo motor 1, a motor support 2, a coupler 3, a worm 4, a worm wheel 5, a main shaft 6, a T-shaped rod 11 and a sample plate 12. The servomotor 1 is mounted on a motor mount 2 which is fixed to a base plate 19. The output shaft of the servo motor 1 is connected with a worm 4 through a coupler 3, the worm 4 is meshed with a worm wheel 5, and the worm wheel is arranged on a main shaft 6. One end of the rod 11 of the model 8,T is provided with a ring structure for being arranged on the main shaft 6; the sample plate 12 is fixed to a T-bar. According to the experimental results of Sondergaard (Sanremodel; america) et al, the coefficient of restitution of the particles increases with increasing wall thickness to particle size ratio (D/b), and does not stabilize until after D/b > 4. To ensure the experimental results, the sample thickness should be greater than 10mm. The worm and gear mechanism has self-locking characteristic, can resist the impact of particles on the sample plate 12, and avoids the influence of the inversion of the sample plate on the experimental result. Meanwhile, the worm and gear mechanism can be positioned at any angle (the precision is related to the selection of the servo motor) within the range of 0-90 degrees when being combined with the servo motor 1. The invention thus relates to a test stand which can also be used as a conventional test-plate stationary crash-rebound test stand.
Referring to fig. 6, the lifting mechanism includes a stepping motor 7, a screw 9, a nut slider 10 engaged with the screw, a coupling 26 connecting the stepping motor shaft and the screw, and a lower support 8 and an upper support 28 supporting the screw and having bearings. The stepper motor mounting seat, the lower support and the upper support are all fixed on a support frame 20 through bolts, and the support frame is fixed on a bottom plate 19 through fixing bolts; one side of the nut sliding block is abutted against the support frame plate surface, and only moves vertically along the support frame plate surface without rotating when the screw rod rotates; the nut sliding block is also fixed with a lifting seat. The lifting mechanism is a screw rod sliding block mechanism and is driven by a stepping motor, and in the test bed, the lifting mechanism plays a role in adjusting the height of a release position.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-speed image pickup system includes a high-speed camera 23, a light source 22 (typically an illumination lamp), and a mirror group 17. The lens axis of the camera 23 and the axis of the light source 24 are vertically distributed on two sides of the test bed. In order to clearly capture the particle motion trajectories, high speed cameras employ low shutter times and high frame rates. Since the above-described imaging requirement is high for the amount of light entering the lens, the light source 22 faces the sample plate, and a specular reflection system is provided.
Further, the high-speed camera and the light source are arranged vertically; the specular reflection system includes a mirror group 17 disposed at an angle to the horizontal plane at the periphery of the sample plate (several mirrors in the mirror group are supported by a mirror bracket fixed to a base plate), and a mirror facing the high-speed camera. The arrangement of the mirror surface can reduce the workload of adjusting the positions of the light source and the camera and improve the imaging quality.
In addition, the test stand also needs to adopt transparent materials as a shell (preferably organic glass is used as the shell; the drawing is clear and omitted), so as to protect the safety of test personnel and a high-speed camera.
Test method examples:
a method for using the test stand of the invention comprises the following specific steps:
the first step: according to the experimental requirement, determining experimental parameters such as the angular velocity omega (rad/s), the impact angle gamma (rad) and the initial velocity v of particles 1 (m/s), particle impact velocity v 2 (m/s), the distance d (m) of the impact point from the spindle axis.
And a second step of: referring to formulas (1.1) to (1.8), the horizontal distance (limiting block position) between the particle release point and the center of the spindle is calculated in detail, the vertical distance (sliding table height) between the particle release point and the center of the spindle is calculated in detail, and the spindle starting time t (positive value is the time of starting the spindle after the particles are released, and negative value is the time of releasing the particles after the spindle is started.
And a third step of: air pressure of an air source is regulated, a pneumatic sliding table is operated in a test mode, and the time t required from starting to collision stopping of the sliding table is measured 3 . Starting the electromagnetic valve to be zero time and starting the servo motor to be t 4 Time of day. The calculation formula is referred to (1.9).
Fourth step: according to the calculation result of the second step, the moving limiting block 15 adjusts the horizontal distance between the particle release point and the center of the main shaft, and the stepping motor 7 is controlled to adjust the vertical distance (the height of the sliding table) between the particle release point and the center of the main shaft and the starting time of the servo motor 1.
Fifth step: the high-speed camera 23 and the light source 22 are adjusted and turned on, the photographed image is observed, and the mirror group 17 is adjusted until the photographed area in front of the sample plate is at the center of the field of view. Selecting a circular tube according to the particle size, placing the particles in the circular tube, starting a test bed, and waiting for the end of collision.
Sixth step: the particles were recovered, the sample plate was removed for additional analysis, and the test was ended.
In addition, the parts not involved in the embodiment are all solved in the prior art, and are not described in detail herein. The invention is embodied and modified in many ways, the above being but one preferred embodiment of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Such modifications and variations are also considered to be a departure from the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A test bed for simulating the collision of impeller blades with particles, comprising a base plate (19); the method is characterized in that: the device comprises a bottom plate, a particle bearing and releasing device, a sample plate rotating device, a high-speed shooting system and a control device, wherein the bottom plate is provided with a lifting mechanism, the particle bearing and releasing device is used for positioning a particle to be emitted, the sample plate rotating device is arranged below the particle bearing and releasing device and is used for impacting the emitted particle, and the high-speed shooting system is further arranged for shooting the impact condition of the particle;
the particle bearing and releasing device comprises a pneumatic sliding table which can be horizontally and slidably positioned on the lifting mechanism and is driven by a cylinder (13), a cylinder (26) which is fixed on the pneumatic sliding table and is used for carrying particles, and an air source for providing power for the air pump;
the sample plate rotating device comprises a worm and gear transmission mechanism driven by a servo motor and a sample plate (11) which swings under the drive of the worm and gear transmission mechanism.
2. The test stand for simulating the collision of impeller blades with particles of claim 1, wherein: the lifting mechanism comprises a supporting seat (20) vertically fixed on the bottom plate, a screw rod (9) positioned on the supporting seat and capable of rotating around a vertical axis, a nut sliding block (10) matched with the screw rod and capable of vertically sliding along the plate surface of the supporting seat, and a stepping motor (7) for driving the screw rod.
3. The test stand for simulating the collision of impeller blades with particles of claim 2, wherein: the pneumatic sliding table comprises a guide rail (16) horizontally arranged on a lifting seat (29), a cylinder arranged on the lifting seat and a pneumatic sliding block slidably positioned on the guide rail, and the cylinder is fixed on the pneumatic sliding block.
4. A test bed for simulating the collision of impeller blades with particles according to claim 3, wherein: the high-speed camera system comprises a light source (22), a high-speed camera (23) and a reflector group (17) which surrounds the periphery of the sample plate and forms a certain angle with the horizontal plane.
5. The test stand for simulating the collision of impeller blades with particles of claim 4, wherein: the air source is communicated with the air cylinder through an air pipe, and an electromagnetic valve for control is arranged on the air pipe.
6. The test stand for simulating the collision of impeller blades with particles of claim 5, wherein: the sample plate is fixed on an output shaft of the worm and gear transmission mechanism through a T-shaped rod (11).
7. The test stand for simulating the collision of impeller blades with particles of claim 6, wherein: the output shaft is horizontally arranged.
8. The test stand for simulating the collision of impeller blades with particles of claim 7, wherein: the high-speed camera lens axis is perpendicular to the light source axis.
9. A test method for simulating collision of impeller blades with particles by using the test bed for simulating collision of impeller blades with particles according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the first step: determination of experimental parameters
Spindle angular velocity ω, impact angle γ, particle initial velocity v 1 Particle impact velocity v 2 The distance d from the impact point to the axis of the spindle;
and a second step of: the required parameters are calculated in detail, and the process is as follows:
1) Calculating the falling height h of the particles according to the formula (1.1);
2) Determining a spindle start time t according to formulas (1.2), (1.3), (1.5) and (1.6), wherein a positive value is that the spindle is started after the particles are released, and a negative value is that the spindle is started to release the particles; wherein t is 1 Spindle rotation time t for particle flight time 2 Alpha is the rotation angle of the main shaft, and beta is the included angle between the impact speed of the particles and the horizontal plane;
α＝γ-β (0.4)
t＝t 1 -t 2 (0.6)
3) Determining a horizontal distance x (limiting block position) between a particle release point and the center of the main shaft according to formulas (1.7) and (1.8), and determining a vertical distance H (sliding table height) between the particle release point and the center of the main shaft;
x＝v 1 t 1 -dcos(γ-β) (0.7)
H＝h+d sin(γ-β) (0.8)
and a third step of: air pressure of an air source is regulated, a pneumatic sliding table is operated in a test mode, and the time t required from starting to collision stopping of the sliding table is measured 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Starting the electromagnetic valve to be zero time and starting the servo motor to be t 4 Time;
t 4 ＝t+t 3 (0.9)
fourth step: setting a corresponding distance, starting time and spindle rotating speed according to a calculation result;
fifth step: placing particles, and adjusting high-speed camera equipment; starting a test bed, and enabling particles to be released in an accelerating way to strike a sample plate at a preset position so as to complete an experiment;
sixth step: the experimental procedure was recorded and the sample plate was removed for additional analysis and particle collection.
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