CN110165417B - Artificial electromagnetic surface for generating Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum - Google Patents
Artificial electromagnetic surface for generating Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum Download PDFInfo
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- CN110165417B CN110165417B CN201910495811.6A CN201910495811A CN110165417B CN 110165417 B CN110165417 B CN 110165417B CN 201910495811 A CN201910495811 A CN 201910495811A CN 110165417 B CN110165417 B CN 110165417B
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- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 6
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
- H01P1/184—Strip line phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial electromagnetic surface for generating Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum, which is formed by arranging a plurality of first phase shifting units and a plurality of second phase shifting units in an array. The first phase shifting unit and the second phase shifting unit both comprise three layers of metal and two layers of dielectric substrates, wherein the upper layer of metal and the lower layer of metal are two squares with the same size, and the middle layer of metal is a square metal with a specific gap shape. The middle layer metal of the first phase shifting unit is a square frame, and two vertical I-shaped gaps are dug out by the square metal sheet. The artificial electromagnetic surface disclosed by the invention can generate Bessel electromagnetic wave beams carrying orbital angular momentum, is expected to improve the communication capacity when being applied to the communication field, and has the advantages of light weight, thin thickness, mature manufacturing process and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to the technical field of orbital angular momentum electromagnetic wave generation, and in particular relates to an artificial electromagnetic surface for generating Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum.
Background
With the rapid development of communication technology, limited spectrum resources become more and more crowded, and spectrum resources are non-renewable resources, and many approaches, such as code division multiple access technology, time division multiple access technology, multi-channel technology, etc., are used to further increase communication capacity. In recent years, the orbital angular momentum wave shows a new degree of freedom because of carrying the orbital angular momentum, has infinite orthogonal modes which are not interfered with each other in theory at any frequency, is expected to improve the frequency spectrum efficiency and the communication capacity in the communication field, shows the potential of improving the resolution in the radar imaging field, and gradually becomes a research hot spot. However, the orbital angular momentum wave also has its inherent weakness, because of its special phase distribution, the beam dispersion is difficult to concentrate. Bessel beams have received much attention from many researchers because of their non-diffracting nature, and although absolute non-diffracting Bessel beams cannot be achieved, similar Bessel beams can be propagated quite far without diffraction. The beam convergence of the orbital angular momentum wave dispersion by utilizing the diffraction-free characteristic of the Bessel beam has great research value and potential.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an artificial electromagnetic surface for generating a Bessel beam carrying orbital angular momentum, which aims at the drawbacks referred to in the background art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
an artificial electromagnetic surface for generating a Bessel beam carrying orbital angular momentum, comprising a number of first phase shifting elements and a number of second phase shifting elements;
the first phase shifting unit and the second phase shifting unit comprise a first metal layer, a first medium substrate layer, a second metal layer, a second medium substrate layer and a third metal layer from top to bottom; the first metal layer and the third metal layer are square, and the side length is a; the first medium substrate layer and the second medium substrate layer are square, the side length is b, and b is greater than or equal to a;
the second metal layer of the first phase shifting unit is square, the side length is b, first to sixth gaps are formed in the second metal layer, the first gaps and the second gaps are perpendicular to each other, and a cross-shaped gap with the center being located at the center of the second metal layer is formed; the third gap and the fifth gap are respectively and vertically connected with the two ends of the first gap at the middle points of the third gap and the fifth gap, the fourth gap and the sixth gap are respectively and vertically connected with the two ends of the second gap at the middle points of the fourth gap and the sixth gap, and the third gap, the fourth gap, the fifth gap and the sixth gap are respectively and correspondingly parallel to the four sides of the second metal layer one by one; the patterns formed by the first to sixth gaps are symmetrical with respect to the center of the second metal layer;
the second metal layer of the second phase shifting unit is a square frame, and the side length of the outer frame is b;
the phase compensation amount range of the first phase shifting unit is [0, 180 degrees ], and the phase compensation amount range of the second phase shifting unit is [180, 360 degrees ];
the first phase shifting units and the second phase shifting units are arranged in an array to form an artificial electromagnetic surface, the center of the artificial electromagnetic surface is taken as an origin, and the artificial electromagnetic surface passes through the origin and is perpendicular to the artificial electromagnetic surfaceThe straight line of the surface is the z axis, the coordinates of the center of any phase shifting unit relative to the origin are (x, y), the phase compensation amount of the phase shifting unitWhere λ is the wavelength at the operating frequency and β is the angle between the beam emission direction of the bessel beam and the z-axis.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
the artificial electromagnetic surface has special properties that are not present in natural substances. The invention utilizes the phase abrupt change function of the artificial electromagnetic surface, so that the quasi-plane electromagnetic wave of the artificial electromagnetic surface designed by the invention can be converted into Bessel electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum. When the artificial electromagnetic surface designed by the invention is used, the artificial electromagnetic surface designed by the invention can be placed on the horn antenna port surface or the array antenna port surface with proper size, so that the conversion of the common quasi-plane wave into Bessel wave beams carrying orbital angular momentum can be realized.
Compared with other super-surface or orbital angular momentum wave generating antennas, the human magnetic surface for generating the Bessel wave beam carrying the orbital angular momentum has the advantages of strong polarization adaptability, high transmission efficiency, light weight, low section, easiness in manufacturing and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first phase shifting unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Bessel beam phase compensation cloud carrying orbital angular momentum;
fig. 3 (a) and fig. 3 (b) are cell parameter labels of a first phase shifting cell and a second phase shifting cell in the present invention, respectively;
FIG. 4 shows the phase shift of 12 different parameter units at different frequencies;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the entire surface of an artificial electromagnetic surface for generating a Bessel beam carrying orbital angular momentum in accordance with the invention;
fig. 6 is a phase profile taken at z=200 mm;
fig. 7 is a cloud of electric field amplitude distribution.
In the figure: 1-a first metal layer, 2-a first dielectric substrate layer, 3-a second metal layer, 4-a second dielectric substrate layer, 5-a third metal layer and 6-a second gap.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the components are exaggerated for clarity.
The invention discloses an artificial electromagnetic surface for generating Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum, which comprises a plurality of first phase shifting units and a plurality of second phase shifting units;
as shown in fig. 1, the first phase shift unit and the second phase shift unit each comprise a first metal layer, a first dielectric substrate layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric substrate layer and a third metal layer from top to bottom; the first metal layer and the third metal layer are square, and the side length is a; the first medium substrate layer and the second medium substrate layer are square, the side length is b, and b is greater than or equal to a;
the second metal layer of the first phase shifting unit is square, the side length is b, first to sixth gaps are formed in the second metal layer, the first gaps and the second gaps are perpendicular to each other, and a cross-shaped gap with the center being located at the center of the second metal layer is formed; the third gap and the fifth gap are respectively and vertically connected with the two ends of the first gap at the middle points of the third gap and the fifth gap, the fourth gap and the sixth gap are respectively and vertically connected with the two ends of the second gap at the middle points of the fourth gap and the sixth gap, and the third gap, the fourth gap, the fifth gap and the sixth gap are respectively and correspondingly parallel to the four sides of the second metal layer one by one; the patterns formed by the first to sixth gaps are symmetrical with respect to the center of the second metal layer;
the second metal layer of the second phase shifting unit is a square frame, and the side length of the outer frame is b;
the phase compensation amount range of the first phase shifting unit is between 0 and 180 degrees, and the phase compensation amount range of the second phase shifting unit is between 180 and 360 degrees;
the first phase shifting units and the second phase shifting units are arranged in an array to form an artificial electromagnetic surface, the center of the artificial electromagnetic surface is taken as an origin, a straight line passing through the origin and vertical to the artificial electromagnetic surface is taken as a z-axis, the coordinates of the center of any phase shifting unit relative to the origin are (x, y), and the phase compensation quantity of the phase shifting unitWhere λ is the wavelength at the operating frequency and β is the angle between the beam emission direction of the bessel beam and the z-axis.
Compensation formulaIs the superposition of the phase compensation law of orbital angular momentum wave and the phase compensation law of Bessel wave, wherein the phase compensation law of orbital angular momentum wave is +.>In phi 1 A phase compensation amount of the phase shift unit having a center coordinate of (x, y); the Bessel wave phase compensation rule is +.>In phi 2 The phase compensation amount of the phase shift unit with the center coordinates (x, y) is represented.
In the invention, the side length b of the first metal layer and the third metal layer in the first phase shifting unit is adjusted, or the width of the first to sixth gaps in the second metal layer of the first phase shifting unit is adjusted, so that the phase compensation amount of the first phase shifting unit can be changed at [0, 180 °; the side length b of the first metal layer and the third metal layer in the second phase shifting unit is adjusted, or the side length of the inner frame of the second metal layer in the second phase shifting unit is adjusted, so that the phase compensation amount of the first phase shifting unit can be changed at 180 degrees and 360 degrees.
When the artificial electromagnetic surface is formed, the length of a is determined according to the working frequency, and then the formula of the phase compensation quantity is usedThe phase compensation amount of each phase shifting unit on the artificial electromagnetic surface is calculated, and the first phase shifting unit or the second phase shifting unit is determined according to whether the phase compensation amount is in the interval [0, 180 DEG ] or the interval [180 DEG, 360 DEG).
The comparison tables of the side length b, the first to sixth slit widths and the phase compensation amount of the first phase shifting unit and the comparison tables of the side length b, the side length of the inner frame of the second metal layer and the phase compensation amount of the second phase shifting unit under the working frequency are prepared in advance, and then the parameters of the first phase shifting unit and the second phase shifting unit can be easily determined according to the phase compensation amount of each phase shifting unit.
Firstly, according to a Bessel beam phase compensation formula carrying orbital angular momentum, a phase compensation value required by each pixel point in a plane range of 60mm multiplied by 70mm is obtained, and the size of each pixel point is 2.4mm multiplied by 2.4mm. The phase compensation cloud obtained using the calculation tool is shown in fig. 2.
Then, a phase mutation unit with phase shifting capability meeting the phase compensation requirement set forth in fig. 2 needs to be designed, and specific design parameters of the phase mutation unit are as follows:
as shown in fig. 3 (a), where h=0.5 mm, d=2.4 mm is not adjusted from 0 to 360 ° in phase compensation, a left structure is used when the phase compensation is 0 to 180 °, W ranges from 0.12mm to 0.2mm, la ranges from 1.5mm to 1.7mm, lp ranges from 2.04mm to 2.24mm, lc=2.28 mm; when the phase compensation is between 180 ° and 360 °, the structure of fig. 3 (b) is used, the Lc is varied within a range of 2.0mm to 2.28mm, and d=2.4 mm remains unchanged.
According to the required phase compensation amount, 12 units with different parameters are designed to be respectively placed on corresponding pixel points, and the phase shift amounts of the 12 units at different frequencies are shown in fig. 4.
An overall view of a subsurface designed according to the above steps of the embodiments is shown in fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 6, when the artificial electromagnetic surface designed according to the specific embodiment works, the phase pattern is taken at the frequency of 34ghz and z=200mm, and the phase pattern Cheng Shanbi is spiral, so that the expected effect of the orbital angular momentum wave is achieved.
As shown in fig. 7, when the artificial electromagnetic surface designed according to the specific embodiment works, the electric field amplitude distribution cloud image is taken at the plane of y=0 with the frequency of 34ghz, so that it can be seen that the energy of the electric field propagating along the Z axis is relatively concentrated, and the expected effect of the bessel beam is achieved.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. An artificial electromagnetic surface for generating a bessel beam carrying orbital angular momentum, comprising a plurality of first phase shifting elements and a plurality of second phase shifting elements;
the first phase shifting unit and the second phase shifting unit comprise a first metal layer, a first medium substrate layer, a second metal layer, a second medium substrate layer and a third metal layer from top to bottom; the first metal layer and the third metal layer are square, and the side length is a; the first medium substrate layer and the second medium substrate layer are square, the side length is b, and b is greater than or equal to a;
the second metal layer of the first phase shifting unit is square, the side length is b, first to sixth gaps are formed in the second metal layer, the first gaps and the second gaps are perpendicular to each other, and a cross-shaped gap with the center being located at the center of the second metal layer is formed; the third gap and the fifth gap are respectively and vertically connected with the two ends of the first gap at the middle points of the third gap and the fifth gap, the fourth gap and the sixth gap are respectively and vertically connected with the two ends of the second gap at the middle points of the fourth gap and the sixth gap, and the third gap, the fourth gap, the fifth gap and the sixth gap are respectively and correspondingly parallel to the four sides of the second metal layer one by one; the patterns formed by the first to sixth gaps are symmetrical with respect to the center of the second metal layer;
the second metal layer of the second phase shifting unit is a square frame, and the side length of the outer frame is b;
the phase compensation amount range of the first phase shifting unit is between 0 and 180 degrees, and the phase compensation amount range of the second phase shifting unit is between 180 and 360 degrees;
the first phase shifting units and the second phase shifting units are arranged in an array to form an artificial electromagnetic surface, the center of the artificial electromagnetic surface is taken as an origin, a straight line passing through the origin and vertical to the artificial electromagnetic surface is taken as a z-axis, the coordinates of the center of any phase shifting unit relative to the origin are (x, y), and the phase compensation quantity of the phase shifting unitWhere λ is the wavelength at the operating frequency and β is the angle between the beam emission direction of the bessel beam and the z-axis.
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| CN105552556A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-04 | 西安电子科技大学 | Orbital angular momentum vortex wave beam generation apparatus and method |
| CN105846106A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lens and method for generating Bessel beam carrying orbital angular momentum based on super surface |
| CN107134659A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-09-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-gain orbital angular momentum array antenna based on multilayer acoustical panel |
| CN210111045U (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2020-02-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Artificial electromagnetic surface for generating Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107425291B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-06-30 | 电子科技大学 | Antenna for generating arbitrary directional Bessel beam |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105552556A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-04 | 西安电子科技大学 | Orbital angular momentum vortex wave beam generation apparatus and method |
| CN105846106A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lens and method for generating Bessel beam carrying orbital angular momentum based on super surface |
| CN107134659A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-09-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-gain orbital angular momentum array antenna based on multilayer acoustical panel |
| CN210111045U (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2020-02-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Artificial electromagnetic surface for generating Bessel beams carrying orbital angular momentum |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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