CN109301505A - A kind of ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna - Google Patents
A kind of ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109301505A CN109301505A CN201811415852.1A CN201811415852A CN109301505A CN 109301505 A CN109301505 A CN 109301505A CN 201811415852 A CN201811415852 A CN 201811415852A CN 109301505 A CN109301505 A CN 109301505A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna, including medium substrate, several array elements and coaxial feed corresponding with each array element port, and the array element uses semicolumn medium resonator antenna；Circumferentially for equidistant arrangement in the one side of the medium substrate, the another side of medium substrate encloses thin metal layer as ground plane to the array element, and the coaxial feed port passes through coaxial probe and connects corresponding array element.The present invention solves the problems, such as that OAM antenna is difficult to realize broadband and multiband work in high-frequency microwave section, effectively improves band efficiency, the development to OAM multiplexing technology in microwave radio field has great importance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field more particularly to a kind of ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antennas.
Background technique
The most information of people's contact at present is swapped and is transmitted by wireless channel.Intelligent terminal is popularized
And mobile Internet application is booming, more and more mobile devices come into operation, to channel capacity and spectrum utilization
More stringent requirements are proposed for rate.But traditional modulation technique, the resources such as frequency of use, time, pattern and space as freedom degree,
Their modulation dimension is limited.So meeting following mobile in order to further enhance capacity of communication system and spectrum efficiency
The demand of communication, it is necessary to explore new technology.And orbital angular momentum (orbital angular momentum, OAM) will carry
For the OAM mode that wave carries as new modulation parameter, carrying out that information transmits using the orthogonality between its difference OAM mode can be with
Effectively improve the capacity and efficiency of communication system.The multiplexing technology of OAM vortex electromagnetic wave can be realized more under same frequency point
It is transmitted while the signal of road, provides certain researching value to the problems such as availability of frequency spectrum is low, frequency spectrum resource is short is solved.
Currently, the progress in conjunction with orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the related art, generates OAM wave beam in optics
Method has very much, such as spiral phase plate (SPP), spatial light modulator (SLM), area of computer aided hologram (CGH) and complete
It ceases the methods of plate (HP), but the method that above-mentioned many OAM wave beams generate is difficult to apply in the wireless communication of microwave section.In microwave
Section generates there are three types of the main methods of OAM vortex electromagnetic wave, and one is spiral parabola antennas, can be by changing paraboloid day
The OAM wave beam of mode needed for height at line fluting generates；Another kind is annular line of rabbet joint OAM antenna, need to arrange in pairs or groups phase-shifter and
Wilkinson power divider goes to realize the generation of OAM wave beam；It is exactly array antenna (i.e. phase/duration control method) there are also one kind,
The vortex electromagnetic beam of different OAM mode is generated by controlling the feeding phase difference between adjacent array element.2011, Thide et al.
OAM vortex electromagnetic wave is generated by using the mode of antenna figuration.The whirlpool of mode value l=1 is generated by spiral parabola antenna
Electromagnetic wave is revolved, this antenna is that parabola antenna is twisted into spiral paraboloid structure, continuous phase gradient is formed, in physics
On simulate the phase rotation of attitudeThe OAM mode number of generation take l certainly at fluting both ends height h, both sides relation
For h=λ l/2.Although this OAM spiral parabola antenna structural principle and manufacturing process are relatively easy, adopted in experiment
Spiral parabola antenna is a kind of single fixed structure, is not suitable for continuous phase control, a determining geometric height
A kind of OAM wave beam of mode can only be generated, multi-modal OAM wave beam cannot be generated in the same antenna, is generated if necessary a variety of
Different OAM wave beams must then readjust height h in both ends at fluting, be designed again to antenna fluting height, this side
Method is not able to satisfy the demand being widely used in practical microwave telecommunication system.
Method in addition to generating OAM vortex electromagnetic wave using above-mentioned spiral parabola antenna, can also be by changing array element
Excitation phase relationship change the OAM mode of Antenna Operation, i.e. composition dipole antenna array structure.This structure is opposite to be held
It easily realizes, while can also preferably realize the requirement of multi-modal OAM wave beam.Dipole antenna array is to generate to carry OAM letter
Several radiation array elements are arranged in round battle array using the interference and principle of stacking of electromagnetic wave by a kind of method of number wave beam, by adjusting
Phase difference between each array element radiation field, redistributes radiation energy in space, enable some regions field enhance and it is other
The field in region is weakened, to obtain the inaccessiable directionality of individual antenna institute.Using this principle by changing between array element
The mode of feeding phase difference can generate different OAM mode.But this array antenna of dipoles radius, which is up to several meters, to be arrived
Tens meters, need minimum error that could generate expected mode value when carrying out array arrangement, while so big size exists
It is also extremely complex when progress array antenna adjustment, more harshness is required to application place condition, is applied in practical communication system
It is worth not high.In microwave section, many people generate OAM vortex electromagnetic wave also by the way of micro-strip array antenna, mainly
It is that above-mentioned dipole array element is changed to microstrip antenna and excitation phase to change the OAM mode of generation, in same microstrip array
Antenna realizes the function of a variety of OAM mode vortex electromagnetic waves.However, size is small, radiation efficiency is high is only the use of OAM array antenna
When the principal element that considers.When generating OAM wave beam using above-mentioned micro-strip array antenna, since radiation array element is microband paste,
It is big in low-frequency range antenna geometric dimension, it is not easy to realize miniaturization；The loss of high band metal ohmic is again high, and radiation efficiency is low.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology had once given an written reply 24.75-27.5GHz and 37-42.5GHz frequency range and had tried for 5G technical research
It tests, but existing most of researchs are concentrated mainly on generation OAM beam signal on lower frequency, and in the microwave section of higher frequency band
In, the equipment of contention bandwidth is few, and transmission rate is secure.Therefore, in the upcoming high speed information epoch, high band milli is developed
The metric wave communication technology and to explore a kind of low-loss, small in size, bandwidth, the OAM antenna of multiband work logical to future microwave
The development of letter is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to pass through a kind of ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna, to solve background above technology department
Divide the problem of mentioning.
To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna comprising medium substrate, several array elements and corresponding with each array element
Coaxial feed port, the array element use semicolumn medium resonator antenna；The array element circumferentially given an account of by equidistant arrangement
The one side of matter substrate, the another side of medium substrate enclose thin metal layer as ground plane, and the coaxial feed port passes through coaxial
Probe connects corresponding array element.
Particularly, identical signal is fed to array element, there is successive continuous phase delay between each array element, vortex wave beam encloses
It rotates about the axis phase after a week and increases by 2 π l, generate different OAM mode by changing the feeding phase difference between array element,
Middle l is the mode number generated.
Particularly, the OAM mode number l that the ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna generates are as follows:-N/2 < l < N/2, battle array
There is continuous 2 π l/N of phase delay, wherein N is the element number of array of array antenna between member.
Particularly, the semicolumn medium resonator antenna is made of 5880 material of Rogers, and permittivity ε=
6, radius R=3.2mm, height H1=5mm.
Particularly, the material of the medium substrate is Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm), thickness H2=1mm,
Relative dielectric constant is 2.2.
Particularly, the coaxial probe uses the coaxial probe of 50 Ω impedances；The coaxial probe range semicircle column medium
The position of the dielectric center 1.6mm of resonant aerial, the depth H of embedding medium body3=0.9mm.
The present invention replaces Dipole Arrays using the dielectric resonator array antenna that structure is simple, small in size, radiation efficiency is high
Array antenna and micro-strip array antenna, the ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna invented can be in tri- wave band works of Ku, K and Ka
Make, is not implemented only in same frequency point while generating the vortex electromagnetic wave of a variety of OAM mode, compensating for spiral parabola antenna can only
The deficiency of single OAM mode is generated, while also solving OAM antenna and being difficult to realize broadband and multiband in high-frequency microwave section
The problem of work, effectively improves band efficiency, and the development to OAM multiplexing technology in microwave radio field has important
Meaning.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the OAM vortex electromagnetic wave under different mode number；
Fig. 2-1 and Fig. 2-2 is annulus phased-array antenna model and OAM wave beam production principle schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is aerial array schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is semicolumn medium resonator antenna structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that centre frequency provided in an embodiment of the present invention is 19.1GHz, the electric field radiation of mode number l=0,1,2,3
Figure；
Fig. 7 is that centre frequency provided in an embodiment of the present invention is 32.5GHz, the electric field radiation of mode number l=0,1,2,3
Figure；
Fig. 8 is return loss S11 provided in an embodiment of the present invention figure；
Fig. 9 is voltage standing wave ratio VSWR provided in an embodiment of the present invention figure.
Figure 10-1 to Figure 10-4 is the electricity of different OAM mode under centre frequency 19.1GHz provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Field gain pattern；
Figure 11-1 to Figure 11-4 is the electricity of different OAM mode under centre frequency 32.5GHz provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Field gain pattern.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.It is understood that tool described herein
Body embodiment is used only for explaining the present invention rather than limiting the invention.It also should be noted that for the ease of retouching
It states, only some but not all contents related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, it is unless otherwise defined, used herein all
Technical and scientific term has the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.It is used herein
Term be intended merely to description specific embodiment, it is not intended that in limitation the present invention.
For OAM technology, Physical Mechanism scheme is described below:
1992, Allen was used for the first time the experiment proves that electromagnetic wave carries spin angular momentaum (SAM, Spin angular
) and orbital angular momentum (OAM, Orbital angular momentum) momentum.SAM is related with polarization, OAM and space phase
Position is related.The helical phase wave beam of OAM possesses an azimuthal factorIdeally, OAM has unconfined l value,
It can just bear, positive number indicates left-handed, negative number representation dextrorotation, can provide the OAM order of endless state, and orthogonal.It will
When orbital angular momentum is added on electromagnetic wave, the phase front of electromagnetic wave will show nonplanar distorted-structure, can be on it
Information needed for modulation improves the information transmitting and information obtaining ability of electromagnetic wave.
Phase rotation coefficientDetermine vortex beam space phase distribution structure, the vortex wave beam of different OAM mode
Space structure is different.Compared with conventional modulated is using amplitude, phase, frequency the carrying information of signal, orbital angular momentum is to utilize
The vortex electromagnetic wave of different modalities OAM is carried to carry information, and polarization modulation mode is to carry information using polarized state.
The angular momentum of spacing wave electromagnetic field can be expressed as
Angular momentum can be decomposed into orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentaum (SAM)
Wherein
It is orbital angular momentum operator,For imaginary unit,For vector bit function.Characterization is electricity
The polarization mode of magnetic wave, L are related with electromagnetic wave space phase distribution.
Orbital angular momentum is applied in electromagnetic wave, a phase rotation coefficient is added in normal electromagnetic waveElectromagnetic wave wavefront will no longer be planar structure at this time, but rotate around beam propagation direction, show a kind of spiral shell
The phase structure of rotation, vortex electromagnetic wave may be expressed as:
Wherein, A (r) is the amplitude of electromagnetic wave, and r indicates the radiation length to beam center axis,For azimuth, l is rail
The characteristic value of road angular momentum.Vortex electromagnetic wave with different characteristic values is mutually orthogonal, such as: characteristic value is respectively l1With
l2Two vortex electromagnetic waves, only work as l1=-l2When,And work as l1≠-l2When,
Illustrate that the vortex electromagnetic wave with different characteristic values is mutually orthogonal.Utilize the orthogonal spy of the vortex electromagnetic wave of different characteristic values
Property, can in identical frequency band parallel transmission multichannel vortex electromagnetic wave information, theoretically with different characteristic values vortex electromagnetic wave
Interference will not be generated between each other.
For OAM technology, figure mechanism scheme is described below:
In essence, OAM vortex electromagnetic wave is exactly to add a phase rotation coefficient by Ordinary Electromagnetic Wave to generate, and works as whirlpool
After revolving electromagnetic wave carrying information, the vortex electromagnetic wave propagated in the sky can be indicated are as follows:
In formula, S (t) indicates the information data of transmitting.It is influenced by the rotatable phase factor, the phase front of electromagnetic wave is by putting down
At the vortex electromagnetic wave of helical structure, space structure rotated on beam propagation direction, rotated a circle for face thaumatropy
The phase change of wave beamThe direction of orbital angular momentum, it is always vertical with electromagnetic wave propagation direction.Fig. 1 is difference
OAM vortex electromagnetic wave under pattern count, the vortex electromagnetic wave that l=0 intermediate scheme number is 0 in figure, phase face are plane, not
With orbital angular momentum, but when pattern count changes, electromagnetic wave generates vortex, the portable belt track angular motion of electromagnetic wave at this time
Amount；When ± 1 l=, electromagnetic wave phase plane just shows vortex shape, from carrying out from transmission direction, is able to observe that its phase face
360 ° are had rotated in one cycle, carry the OAM mode of 1 rank；When ± 2 l=, its phase face is able to observe that from transmission direction
720 ° are had rotated in one cycle, carry the OAM mode of 2 ranks.Normal its phase plane of electromagnetic wave is not no spinning behaviour,
And the function of transmitting antenna is that the phase plane of electromagnetic wave is generated to distortion, and one special phase of addition is expressed as in mathematical form
Location factor, so that normal electromagnetic wave is distorted originally, phase plane figure is with spiral shape.
Fig. 2-1 and Fig. 2-2 is annulus phased-array antenna model and OAM wave beam production principle schematic diagram, with dipole day
Line carries out derivation explanation as the array element of annulus phased-array antenna model.N number of dipole antenna unit is a's along radius in figure
It is uniformly distributed on circle ring array, appoints from far field and take a point M as point of observation, mapping of the point of observation M in xoy plane, xoz plane
Point is respectively M ', M ", and r is OM ", and θ is mapping point M " and z-axis angle,For mapping point M ' and x-axis angle.For n-th of array element
Spatial position,For n-th of dipole phase angle, and haveThe excitation phase of n-th of dipole isL is OAM mode value.The current distribution of annulus phased-array antenna isβnFor the phase angle of n-th of dipole exciting current.
According to lobe pattern multiplicative principle, the circular antenna array with N elementary dipole is at far-field region any point
The electric and magnetic fields expression formula at place is respectively as follows:
Wherein Edipole、HdipoleUnit dipole antenna electric field, Distribution of Magnetic Field are respectively indicated,For N member annulus day
The linear array factor, and It indicates to be in position anN-th of array element seeing
Angle measurementLocate the relative phase generated.L is dipole antenna length, and λ is wavelength, e-jkrFor phase factor,With
The spatial position of each array elementWith exciting current phase betanIt is related, and have
Therefore array factor can further abbreviation are as follows:
When element number of array N tends to be infinite,It will become the integration variable of consecutive variations from the variable of Discrete ChangeI.e.Similarly, when N value tends to be infinite, the differential seat angle of two dipole array elementIt can be considered micro component Following formula can then be obtained
Because of expression formulaIt can be dissolved using Euler's formula and beAnd
The Laurent series expansion of above formula isIt enablesThen it can be obtained:
It will be apparent that above formulaIt is Fourier expansion formula, available according to Fourier coefficient expression formula:
Therefore, array factorIt can be further changed to:
According to lobe pattern multiplicative principle, the electromagnetic field expressions of circular array antenna are as follows:
Obviously, about azimuth dependent phase item in expression formulaThis is the essential characteristic of vortex wave, vortex wave
Electromagnetic field expressions have corresponding consistent phase term to the Laguerre Gaussian beam of optical field,It is array day
The amplitude size of the electromagnetic field of line in space.
It is transmission helicoid respectively, transmission grating, anti-currently, there are mainly four types of the device for generating orbital angular momentum is current
Helicoid and array antenna are penetrated, the present invention mainly studies the electromagnetic wave for generating by the method for aerial array and carrying OAM.For
OAM mode value is the wave beam of l, and the offset of phase can be byIt obtains.Generation for this phase offset, array it is every
One array element requires to give certain specific phase offsets.In order to obtain the attribute of electric field from an array, we can be with
Using array factor (AF), it is dependent on displacement (and shape of array), phase, the number of current amplitude and array element.It is acquired
Identical antenna resultant field are as follows:
Etotal=E single element*AF
Using the attribute of symmetry, multiple circular mesh areas equal sectors are selected.The position quilt of each individually array element
It is given.The radius vectors at each array element center are as follows:
Separated angle between array element:
Wherein, m indicates the ring array element that is placed, n for institute's ring selection position.M is the sum of ring, and N is array element on each ring
Total quantity, as shown in Figure 3.Electric field expression formula is given by
By in the integral multiple incremental stages of 2 π, each bay is fed with identical input signal, array element to array element
Between there is continuous 2 π l/N of phase delay, wherein l is the OAM mode number that array antenna generates, and N is the array element of array antenna
Number, it should be noted that the number of array antenna array element determines the maximum value for the OAM mode that can be generated, i.e. satisfaction-N/2 < l
< N/2.
Shown in referring to figure 4., Fig. 4 is ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna structural representation provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
In the present embodiment ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna specifically include medium substrate 101, several array elements and with
The corresponding coaxial feed port 102 of each array element, the array element use semicolumn medium resonator antenna 103；The array element is along circle
For all equidistant arrangements in the one side of the medium substrate 101, the another side of medium substrate 101 encloses thin metal layer as ground plane
104, the coaxial feed port 102 connects corresponding array element by coaxial probe.
Identical signal is fed to array element in the present embodiment, has successive continuous phase delay between each array element, is vortexed
Wave beam surrounds phase after axis rotates a circle and increases by 2 π l, generates different OAM moulds by changing the feeding phase difference between array element
State, wherein l is the mode number generated.The OAM mode number l that the ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna generates are as follows:-N/2 < l
< N/2 has continuous 2 π l/N of phase delay between array element, and wherein N is the element number of array of array antenna.Surpass in the present embodiment
Broadband OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna is made of 8 array elements, therefore the mode number range generated is (- 4,4).
The array element does not use complete cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna in the present embodiment, is the frequency for extended antenna
Bandwidth.Optimize simultaneously by Multi simulation running, the semicolumn medium resonator antenna 103 for the standard of using is determined, to realize maximum
Relative bandwidth.
As shown in figure 5, the semicolumn medium resonator antenna 103 uses 5880 material of Rogers in the present embodiment
It is made, permittivity ε=6, radius R=3.2mm, height H1=5mm.The material of the medium substrate 101 in the present embodiment
Material is Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm), thickness H2=1mm, relative dielectric constant 2.2.Institute in the present embodiment
State the coaxial probe that coaxial probe uses 50 Ω impedances；When being fed in the way of coaxial probe, the position of probe and its insertion
The depth of dielectric has more apparent influence to antenna various aspects of performance.It is tested by Multi simulation running, passes through parameter scanning
The optimal position of probe, the coaxial probe range semicircle column medium resonator antenna 103 are obtained with the mode of Optimal Parameters
Dielectric center 1.6mm position, the depth H of embedding medium body3=0.9mm.
Ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna working frequency range covers tri- wave bands of Ku, K and Ka in the present invention, and uses
Fed by coaxial probe mode, coaxial probe device are mounted on the back side of medium substrate, to generate best matching, greatly simplify day
The complexity of line design.Compared with conventional microwave antennas, there is medium resonator antenna low cost, material to be easy to get, light weight, body
Product is small also to be inherited with structural advantages, the present invention such as feeding classification multiplicity using semicolumn medium resonator antenna as array element
The plurality of advantages of medium resonator antenna.The present invention forms array antenna using medium resonator antenna, and on this basis will
This new spectrum reuse resource of orbital angular momentum (OAM) combines with ultra-wideband antenna technology and is designed to ultra wide band OAM days
Line, to further increase band efficiency and power system capacity.
The present invention realizes OAM antenna in tri- band operations of Ku, K and Ka, and array is using 8 array elements in the present embodiment
Semicolumn medium resonator antenna can produce the vortex electromagnetic wave for carrying a variety of OAM mode as OAM array antenna, wherein
Generated mode is respectively l=0, l=± 1, l=± 2, and l=± 3, the information for carrying different OAM mode can be in same a period of time
Between, same frequency point carry out noiseless transmission, effectively improve the availability of frequency spectrum and power system capacity.
Present invention firstly provides by this new spectrum reuse resource of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and ultra-wideband antenna technology
It combines, generates OAM in the multiple microwave sections of high frequency applied to solving in the ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna invented
The problem of vortex electromagnetic wave.Ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna of the invention, can produce multiple modalities OAM vortex electromagnetism
The electromagnetic wave signal that multichannel carries OAM mode is multiplexed by wave signal on same frequency point, and carries out information in the same time
Transmission, forms a kind of OAM spatial reuse, can realize the maximization of power system capacity without increase in bandwidth, effectively slow
The current growing bandwidth demand of solution is the same as the contradiction between limited spectrum resources.Ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic wave of the invention
Antenna relative bandwidth can achieve 93%, and frequency band covers tri- wave bands of Ku, K and Ka.It can produce in the microwave section of high frequency a variety of
The OAM wave beam of mode；The OAM wave beam of each mode has good rotatory and symmetry simultaneously.It is imitative that experiment is carried out to the present invention
Very, the characterisitic parameters such as gain, three-dimensional radiological and the directional diagram of array antenna are obtained, by simulation result it can be seen that invented battle array
Array antenna performance with good performance.When different frequent points on multiband generate the OAM wave beam of the same modality, energy is concentrated
Property is consistent substantially, this illustrates the feasibility and validity of this OAM antenna to a certain extent.
When concrete application, it is 2.2 and with a thickness of 1mm's that inventive antenna array, which is produced on a relative dielectric constant,
Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) substrate.The basic parameter of antenna has studied discussion above, and array radius is r=0.7
λ keeps array secondary lobe in relatively low level.For a n member OAM circle phased array, all radiation array element is all feedback
Send the signal of identical phase shift increments.Phase shift between array element can be calculated by 2 π l/n, and wherein integer l is the quantity of OAM mode,
It is rotated in this way around array axis, phase will be incremented by 2 π l geometry radians.The OAM vortex electromagnetic wave of " distortion " so can be generated.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is the difference of generation when covering frequency range two different center frequency 19.1GHz and 32.5GHz of selection
The electric field radiation figure distribution situation of OAM mode value, gives the phase distribution situation of different wave longitudinal electric fields, it can be seen that produced
Raw wave beam has the helical phase structure feature of wave.Wherein, normal position of the region in circular array of electric field amplitude is observed,
Electric field amplitude pattern is drawn in the viewing area apart from 2 times of wavelength locations of aerial array.
It is observed that as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, OAM mode is 0,1,2 and 3 high-visible.When calculating clockwise direction
Or before the helicon when counter clockwise direction when quantity, array element is same phase, can be generated at this time hollow.When between phase difference and array element
Spatial position be overlapped when, i.e., between array element phase difference be ± 45 ° in the case where, it will generate stronger directionality.It can also be with
It observes, when oam state is increased to 3 from 1, the empty region at center will expand, and the radiation of high order mode is compared with front low order
Compare diverging, directionality is also different according to the number of mode and changes and from intermediate dented.It examines and can be found that
Simulation result above meets symmetrically there is no stringent.This be by array element it is undesirable caused by because the medium as array element is humorous
Shake the not ideal dipole antenna of device antenna, and the geometry with certain size does not have fully rotating symmetry.
The most important feature of OAM wave beam is it with helical phase wavefront structure, and with the propagation of wave beam, phase front will be around wherein
Heart rotation.
Fig. 8 shows the return loss S11 of OAM antenna, by figure m1 and m2 can calculate relative bandwidth and can achieve
93%, frequency band covers tri- wave bands of Ku, K and Ka.Fig. 9 indicates the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR of OAM antenna, it can be found that in Fig. 8
Frequency band between m1 and m2, corresponding VSWR parameter is respectively less than 1.50 in Fig. 9.In these three frequency ranges of Ku, K and Ka, choose
Several representative frequency point m3, m4, m5 and m6, their VSWR parameter have respectively reached 1.01,1.04,1.02 and
1.02.Therefore, by antenna Specifeca tion speeification it is found that this OAM antenna not only meets the design requirement of ultra-wide band, but also impedance
With also better.
Figure 10-1 to Figure 10-4 is the electricity of different OAM mode under centre frequency 19.1GHz provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Field gain pattern；Figure 11-1 to Figure 11-4 is different OAM mode under centre frequency 32.5GHz provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Electric field gain pattern.Since the phase structure of wave beam will not change substantially with the increase of transmission range, theoretically by
The OAM wave that hoop antenna array of the present invention generates should have rotational symmetry property, θ=0 ° two on radiation diagram
The pattern function value of side is equal, curve symmetric.When array OAM mode value is respectively l=0, l=1, l=2, when l=3, in
Near frequency of heart point, with angleProgressive variation and OAM mode value variation, antenna gain is in 1.0dB~9.5dB range
Interior variation meets realization requirement of the present invention to gain target.Figure 10-1 to Figure 10-4, Figure 11-1 to Figure 11-4 are carried out pair
Than when finding that two kinds of frequencies generate the OAM wave beam of the same modality, their electric field gain diagram size variation is essentially identical, explanation
The OAM vortex electromagnetic wave energy centrality of generation is much the same, and the electric field gain pattern of each mode is well-symbolized,
Having embodied OAM wave beam has the characteristics that rotatory and symmetry.But with the increase of l, it can be found that 19.1GHz frequency ratio
32.5GHz frequency generate OAM wave beam helical phase wavefront structure effect it is preferable, as l=3, embodiment it is more obvious.
The multinomial technical indicators such as gain, bandwidth, the directional diagram of ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna are to interknit, mutually
It mutually influences, can not all meet in design, there is the case where attending to one thing and lose sight of another certainly.Improve ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic wave
The performance of antenna will find out an equalization point by requirement of engineering from above each index.It can from the simulation analysis to the antenna
To see that the array antenna model can meet the needs of OAM aerial array substantially, it is electric to also confirm that invented ultra wide band OAM is vortexed
The practical feasibility of magnetic wave antenna model.
Note that the above is only a better embodiment of the present invention and the applied technical principle.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, be able to carry out for a person skilled in the art it is various it is apparent variation,
It readjusts and substitutes without departing from protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, although being carried out by above embodiments to the present invention
It is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments only, without departing from the inventive concept, also
It may include more other equivalent embodiments, and the scope of the invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna, which is characterized in that including medium substrate, several array elements and with each battle array
The corresponding coaxial feed port of member, the array element use semicolumn medium resonator antenna；The array element circumferentially equidistant arrangement
In the one side of the medium substrate, the another side of medium substrate encloses thin metal layer as ground plane, the coaxial feed port
Corresponding array element is connected by coaxial probe.
2. ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that fed to array element identical
Signal, there is successive continuous phase delay between each array element, vortex wave beam around axis rotate a circle after phase increase by 2 π l, lead to
It crosses the feeding phase difference changed between array element and generates different OAM mode, wherein l is the mode number generated.
3. ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the ultra wide band OAM is vortexed
The OAM mode number l that electromagnetic antenna generates are as follows:-N/2 < l < N/2 has continuous 2 π l/N of phase delay between array element, wherein N
For the element number of array of array antenna.
4. ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the semicolumn medium is humorous
Vibration device antenna is made of 5880 material of Rogers, permittivity ε=6, radius R=3.2mm, height H1=5mm.
5. ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the material of the medium substrate
Material is Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm), thickness H2=1mm, relative dielectric constant 2.2.
6. ultra wide band OAM vortex electromagnetic antenna according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the coaxial probe uses
The coaxial probe of 50 Ω impedances；The position of the dielectric center 1.6mm of the coaxial probe range semicircle column medium resonator antenna
It sets, the depth H of embedding medium body3=0.9mm.
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| CN110165407A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-23 | 浙江大学 | A kind of multimode snail OAM antenna of TM ring resonator and the paraboloid of revolution |
| CN111697338A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-22 | 北京大学 | Artificial surface plasmon orbit angular momentum beam scanning antenna and method thereof |
| CN112688088A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-20 | 北京邮电大学 | Dual-polarized dual-mode vortex reflective array antenna |
| CN113660012A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-11-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Random frequency diversity array-based distance-sensitive local vortex wave generation method |
| CN118017238A (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-05-10 | 西南科技大学 | Modal reconfigurable vortex array antenna based on human body posture |
| CN118017238B (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-06-04 | 西南科技大学 | Modal reconfigurable vortex array antenna based on human body posture |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110165407A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-23 | 浙江大学 | A kind of multimode snail OAM antenna of TM ring resonator and the paraboloid of revolution |
| CN111697338A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-22 | 北京大学 | Artificial surface plasmon orbit angular momentum beam scanning antenna and method thereof |
| CN112688088A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-20 | 北京邮电大学 | Dual-polarized dual-mode vortex reflective array antenna |
| CN113660012A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-11-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Random frequency diversity array-based distance-sensitive local vortex wave generation method |
| CN113660012B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-09-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | Random frequency diversity array-based distance-sensitive local vortex wave generation method |
| CN118017238A (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-05-10 | 西南科技大学 | Modal reconfigurable vortex array antenna based on human body posture |
| CN118017238B (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-06-04 | 西南科技大学 | Modal reconfigurable vortex array antenna based on human body posture |
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