CN110165063A - 量子棒发光二极管器件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种量子棒发光二极管器件,包括衬底以及依序迭设在衬底上的阴极、电子功能层、发光层、空穴功能层以及阳极。其中,所述发光层内设置有多个量子棒,所述多个量子棒定向排列。本发明量子棒发光二极管器件的发光层包括了定向排列的量子棒,可使入射光被转换为偏振光,有利于提高偏振光出射效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种量子棒发光二极管器件,尤其关于一种量子棒发光二极管器件,其中量子棒定向排列而能提供偏振光,进而提高透过率。
背景技术
量子点(Quantum Dots,QD)是极其微小的无机纳米晶体。每当受到光或电的刺激,量子点便会发出有色光线,光线的颜色由量子点的组成材料和大小形状决定,量子点颗粒若越小,会吸收长波,颗粒越大,会吸收短波。量子点可吸收短波的蓝色,激发出呈现出长波段光色。此特性使得量子点能够改变光源发出的光线颜色。
量子点显示技术具有广色域覆盖率、高色彩控制精确性、高红绿蓝色彩纯净度等特性,被视为影响全球的显示技术革命。量子点显示技术革命性的实现全色域显示。
量子点是半径小于或接近于波尔半径(Bohr Radius)的半导体纳米晶体,大部分由Ⅱ-Ⅵ族或Ⅲ-Ⅴ族元素组成的纳米材料。由于量子限域效应,其内部的电子和空穴的运输受到限制,使得连续的能带结构变成分离的能级结构。当量子点的尺寸不同时,电子与空穴的量子限域程度不一样,分立的能级结构不同。在受到外来能量激发后,不同尺寸的量子点即发出不同波长的光,也就是各种颜色的光。
量子点的优势在于:通过调控量子点的尺寸,可以实现发光波长范围覆盖到红外光及整个可见光波段,且发射光波段窄,色彩饱和度高;量子点材料量子转换效率高;材料性能稳定;制备方法简单多样,可以从溶液中制备,资源丰富。
然而,光线经过量子点后,出射方向是随机的,当经过量子点后的发散光线穿过液晶时,不再能很好的控制相应像素点位的所有光线,液晶显示器件(Liquid crystaldisplay,LCD)就会发生漏光现象。而LCD显示器件工作原理是利用液晶的旋光性和双折射,通过电压控制液晶的转动,使经过上偏振片后的线偏振光随之发生旋转,从下偏振片(与上偏片垂直)出来。从而偏光片加上液晶盒起到光开关的作用。显然,这种光学开关对量子点发出的光线无法完全作用。
为了避免将量子点置于液晶盒中而发生光偏振消除的现象,现有技术供一种量子点偏光片(QD Polarizer,QD POL),即将量子点置于偏光片中。偏光片是由多层膜组合而成,其中一类具有提高背光亮度利用率的偏光片其基本结构包括:最中间的PVA(聚乙烯醇)、两层三醋酸纤维素(TAC)、压敏胶(Pressure Sensitive Adhesive film,PSA film),离型膜(Release Film)、保护膜(Protective Film)以及其他功能膜结构等。所谓QD POL即将量子点制备成膜,插入偏光片功能层位置之间,此一层既提升了背光的光能利用率,同时也提升面板的色域,提升了偏光片的作用同时简化成型制备中的工艺。然而,其缺点为,LCD背光发出的光型依赖于光源和背光架构具有特定的形状,其不同角度的亮度存在差异,例如一种典型的Lambert型背光,L(θ)=L(0)*cos(θ),即斜视方向的亮度与正视方向的亮度比值为夹角的余弦。
一般情况下,量子点受激发射的光是非偏振的,这使得量子点发光经过偏光板后,至少损失一半亮度。当量子点所发出光线具有一定偏振性时,可大幅提高透过偏振片的光强。量子棒(QD Rod)定向排列时,受激辐射的光具有一定的偏振性。现有技术已经存在利用这种特性制备的量子点偏光片,所述技术采用了量子棒与盘状液晶共混,但未能确保在于盘状液晶共混时,量子棒以定向排列。无序排列的量子棒实际效果与量子点类似,不能很好达成提高透过率的效果。同时,量子点分散在盘状液晶补偿层中存在一定的分散性。
此外,业界现有量子点发光二极管(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode,QLED)替代有机发光二极管(Organic Light Emitting Diode,OLED)的趋势,QLED与OLED一样,是一种电致发光器件,其避免了二次转换的过程,同时具有相比液晶显示技术,具有较快的开关特性。一般的QLED器件,是由合成的量子点作为功能层,量子点作为无机材料,具有更好的发光稳定性与可靠性,同时其发光效率和色纯度都极高。在一些情况下,需要采用偏振光源时,量子点作为点光源无法满足这一需求。
故,有必要提供一种量子棒发光二极管器件,以解决现有技术所存在的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种量子棒发光二极管器件,以解决现有技术QLED器件中量子棒无序排列而不能提供偏振光,造成透过率低落的技术问题。
本发明的次要目的在于提供一种量子棒发光二极管器件,其包括:
衬底以及依序迭设在衬底上的阴极、电子功能层、发光层、空穴功能层以及阳极;
其中,所述发光层内设置有多个量子棒,所述多个量子棒定向排列。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述多个量子棒的长轴均沿着同一方向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述多个量子棒的长轴相互平行。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述多个量子棒的长轴与所述发光层的垂直轴平行。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述电子功能层包括电子注入层、电子传输层、以及空穴阻挡层中的至少一层。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述电子功能层包括有机材料或无机材料。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述空穴功能层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层以及电子阻挡层中的至少一层。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述量子棒包括壳体与设置在所述壳体内的核心,所述壳体为长棒状,且所述壳体的长度与所述壳体的直径比大于2。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述壳体包括硫化锌(ZnS)、硫化镉(CdS)、或硒化锌(ZnSe),以及所述核心为硒化镉(CdSe)、硫化镉(CdS)、硒化锌(ZnSe)、硫硒化锌(ZnSeS)、磷化铟(InP)、硫化铅(PbS)、或硫锌铟铜(CuInZnS)。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述量子棒包括过渡区,所述过渡区设置在所述核心和所述壳体之间,所述过渡区包括硒化镉(CdSe)、硒化锌(ZnSe)、硫化锌(ZnS)、硒化镉(CdSe)、硫化镉(CdS)、或硫化锌(ZnS)。
相较于现有技术,本发明QLED器件的发光层包括了定向排列(有序排列)的量子棒,可使入射光被转换为偏振光,所以采用定向排列(有序排列)的量子棒有利于入射光变为偏振度极高的偏振光,从而偏振光在透过与其偏振透过方向一致的偏振膜时,提高出射效率。
为让本发明的上述内容能更明显易懂,下文特举优选实施例,且配合所附图式,作详细说明如下:
附图说明
图1是本发明量子棒发光二极管器件的侧面示意图。
图2是本发明发光层的侧面示意图。
图3是本发明量子棒的立体外观示意图。
具体实施方式
请参照图1,本发明量子棒发光二极管(Quantum Dot Rod Light EmittingDiode,QLED)器件为电致发光器件,包括衬底1以及依序迭设在衬底1上的阴极2、电子功能层3、发光层4、空穴功能层5以及阳极6。
在本发明较佳实施例中,所述电子功能层3包括电子注入层、电子传输层、以及空穴阻挡层中的至少一层。此外,所述电子功能层3可以为有机材料,也可以为无机材料。
请参照图2,所述发光层4即由量子棒(Quantum Dot Rod,QD Rod)10作为发光材料。所述发光层4内设置有多个量子棒10,所述多个量子棒10定向排列,换言之,所述多个量子棒10的长轴A均沿着同一方向,且所述多个量子棒10的长轴A相互平行。此外,所述多个量子棒10的长轴A可与所述发光层4的垂直轴V平行。
在本发明较佳实施例中,所述空穴功能层5包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层以及电子阻挡层中的至少一层。
就量子棒10而言,在其发生受激辐射时,沿棒的长轴方向激发出偏振度极高同时半峰宽很窄的受激辐射光。本发明透过制备量子棒有序排列的量子棒膜,利用其光致发光特性,提高液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display,LCD)等显示器的背光出射效率。因为LCD在入光侧一般具有偏振片,正常情况下入射光会被吸收50%以上,所以采用有序排列的量子棒10有利于入射光变为偏振度极高的偏振光,从而偏振光在透过与其偏振透过方向一致的偏振膜时,提高出射效率。
请参照图3,量子棒10是由量子点发展而来,其相对量子点,具有明显的形状差异,从球状变为长棒状,包括壳体11与设置在所述壳体11内的核心12。所述壳体11为长棒状,且所述壳体11的长度L与所述壳体11的直径R比L/R>2,壳体11的长度L一般大于5nm,核心12可以为球状,也可以为棒状。所述壳体11材料包括硫化锌(ZnS)、硫化镉(CdS)、或硒化锌(ZnSe)等。所述核心12一般为II-VI族半导体或III-VI族半导体材料的组合,例如硒化镉(CdSe)、硫化镉(CdS)、硒化锌(ZnSe)、硫硒化锌(ZnSeS)、磷化铟(InP)、硫化铅(PbS)、或多元复合材料硫锌铟铜(CuInZnS)等。所述量子棒10包括过渡区,所述过渡区设置在所述核心12和所述壳体11材料之间,以及所述过渡区可包括硒化镉(CdSe)、硒化锌(ZnSe)、硫化锌(ZnS)、硒化镉(CdSe)、硫化镉(CdS)、或是硫化锌(ZnS)等。
在本发明一实施例中,所述发光层4为量子棒薄膜。在本实施例中,通过适当的合成方法,将量子棒10提纯并分散在氯苯等溶剂中以成为量子棒溶液,并将所述量子棒溶液涂布到所述电子功能层3。在所述量子棒溶液涂布完成后,蒸干所述量子棒薄膜中的溶剂即可形成所述量子棒薄膜。
在本发明另一实施例中,所述发光层4为量子棒薄膜。在本实施例中,将量子棒10分散于具有一定固化功能的光刻胶或溶液中,接着将所述光刻胶或溶液涂布在所述电子功能层3,在紫外光或热作用下使所述光刻胶或溶液固化以形成所述发光层4。此外,在本发明一实施例中,可在上述发光层4中掺入一定量的半导体纳米粒子或导电纳米粒子,以提高所述发光层4的导通性。
相较于现有技术,本发明QLED器件的发光层4包括了定向排列(有序排列)的量子棒10,可使入射光被转换为偏振光,所以采用定向排列(有序排列)的量子棒10有利于入射光变为偏振度极高的偏振光,从而偏振光在透过与其偏振透过方向一致的偏振膜时,提高出射效率。
Claims (10)
1.一种量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,包括:
衬底以及依序迭设在所述衬底上的阴极、电子功能层、发光层、空穴功能层以及阳极;
其中,所述发光层内设置有多个量子棒,所述多个量子棒定向排列。
2.如权利要求1所述的量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,所述多个量子棒的长轴均沿着同一方向。
3.如权利要求1所述的量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,所述多个量子棒的长轴相互平行。
4.如权利要求1所述的量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,所述多个量子棒的长轴与所述发光层的垂直轴平行。
5.如权利要求1所述的量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,所述电子功能层包括电子注入层、电子传输层、以及空穴阻挡层中的至少一层。
6.如权利要求1所述的量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,所述电子功能层包括有机材料或无机材料。
7.如权利要求1所述的量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,所述空穴功能层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层以及电子阻挡层中的至少一层。
8.如权利要求1所述的量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,所述量子棒包括壳体与设置在所述壳体内的核心,所述壳体为长棒状,且所述壳体的长度与所述壳体的直径比大于2。
9.如权利要求8所述的量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,所述壳体包括硫化锌、硫化镉、或硒化锌,以及所述核心包括硒化镉、硫化镉、硒化锌、硫硒化锌、磷化铟、硫化铅、或硫锌铟铜。
10.如权利要求8所述的量子棒发光二极管器件,其特征在于,所述量子棒包括过渡区,所述过渡区设置在所述核心和所述壳体之间,以及所述过渡区包括硒化镉、硒化锌、硫化锌、硒化镉、硫化镉、或硫化锌。
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