CN110161142A - 一种表征干粉吸入制剂在呼吸系统空气动力学的仿真装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种表征干粉吸入制剂在呼吸系统空气动力学的仿真装置:包括恒温恒湿箱、蒸汽及真空产生装置和呼吸系统模型,呼吸系统模型设置在恒温恒湿箱内,恒温恒湿箱和呼吸系统模型均与蒸汽及真空产生装置连接;恒温恒湿箱内设温湿度传感器,温湿度传感器与蒸汽及真空产生装置电连接;呼吸系统模型包括口腔接受器和样品收集器,呼吸系统模型的内壁涂有吸湿后变粘的涂层,样品收集器分为第一样品收集器和第二样品收集器,其通过仿造人体呼吸道形状的导管与口腔接受器连接,每个收集器设有8个收集盘,使用本发明将更精确科学的比对仿制药与原研药的空气动力学特征,提高体外数据推体内数据的准确性及相关性,降低研发风险和资金投入。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医学研究设备领域,特别涉及一种呼吸系统空气动力学的仿真装置,尤其是一种表征干粉吸入制剂在呼吸系统空气动力学的仿真装置。
背景技术
吸入粉雾剂(DPI)是将药物或药物辅料粉末化后通过特定给药装置经患者口部主动吸入的制剂,通过患者主动吸入产生气流将药物粉末吸入呼吸系统产生疗效。该制剂是由粉末制剂与其相对应的给药装置共同构成,其治疗效果受粉末处方、吸入装置、患者吸入技巧、药物空气动力学粒径等多种因素影响。
其中,空气动力学粒径是反映肺部沉积和最终疗效的最重要的性质之一。一般认为,当药物的空气动力学粒径范围在1~5μm时,能够到达最有效吸收部位的外周气道;大于10μm的粒子通常沉积在口腔或咽喉,小于0.5μm的粒子不会沉积,随布朗运动继续前行。
众所周知医药研发及产业化需要的资金量大,周期长,尤其是新药需要至少10亿元人民币与10年的时间才可能上市销售,即使是普遍认为相对简单的仿制药也需要至少5000万元与5年的时间才能上市销售。吸入制剂技术是所有药物剂型中难度最大、技术门槛最高、投入较大的剂型。由于呼吸道结构的复杂性及粒子空气动力学的复杂性决定了需要对吸入技术特性、工程力学、吸入装置的特性、空气动力学特性、辅料的吸入安全性、体内外相关性等有足够的认识和理解才能获得比较理性的给药结果。
但是,现有技术中,由于药物的空气动力学行为一般采用安德森级联撞击仪(Andersen Cascade Impactor,ACI)、下一代撞击仪(Next Generation Impactor,NGI)等装置来表征,该类装置因气道与咽喉部采用直角来表征,且气道与咽喉部等为光滑的不锈钢管,药物、辅料粉末在真空泵的作用下,通过咽喉部、气道等部位时无粘附,最终表现为药物全部通过咽喉部、气道等部位进入肺部得到不同等级的肺部沉积情况。这种表征物料空气动力学行为的装置与真实人体情况差异极大,导致在做新药或仿制药时,即使仿制药与原研药空气动力学表征一致,进入临床时期,也会因为此类装置体外试验无法与体内疗效直接对接,产生体内疗效差异大的情况,增加临床风险。
因此需要设计一种接近人体呼吸系统的仿真装置来满足研究药物的需求。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种表征干粉吸入制剂在呼吸系统空气动力学的仿真装置,该装置接近人体呼吸系统。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:
一种表征干粉吸入制剂在呼吸系统空气动力学的仿真装置:包括恒温恒湿箱、蒸汽及真空产生装置和呼吸系统模型,所述呼吸系统模型设置在所述恒温恒湿箱内,所述恒温恒湿箱和呼吸系统模型均与所述蒸汽及真空产生装置连接;所述恒温恒湿箱内设温湿度传感器,所述温湿度传感器与所述蒸汽及真空产生装置电连接;所述呼吸系统模型包括口腔接受器和样品收集器,所述呼吸系统模型的内壁涂有吸湿后变粘的涂层,所述样品收集器分为第一样品收集器和第二样品收集器,每个收集器设有8个收集盘,第一样品收集器和第二样品收集器与口腔接受器通过仿造人体呼吸道形状的导管连接。
优选的,所述蒸汽及真空产生装置包括真空泵、蒸汽机和温湿度控制阀,所述真空泵通过设有流量调节阀的管道与所述第一样品收集器和第二样品收集器连接,所述真空泵与设在蒸汽及真空产生装置中的压力调节阀、真空调节阀和计时器连接。
优选的,所述蒸汽机设有温湿度控制阀。
优选的,所述蒸汽机通过导管与所述恒温恒湿箱连接,调节恒温恒湿箱的温度和湿度。
优选的,所述恒温恒湿箱外设有温度、湿度和饱和时间显示屏,所述恒温恒湿箱底部设有湿度排泄阀,恒温恒湿箱的湿度过高时,开启湿度排泄阀进行调节。
优选的,所述第一样品收集器和第二样品收集器底部设有过滤器,所述过滤器为除湿过滤器,该过滤器可以将湿热空气进入真空机前去除湿空气中的水分,保护真空机。
优选的,所述样品收集器内设有0-7级收集盘,0级收集盘的滤孔孔径为大于9μm,1级收集盘的滤孔孔径为5.8-9μm,2级收集盘的滤孔孔径为4.7-5.8μm,3级收集盘的滤孔孔径为3.3-4.7μm,4级收集盘的滤孔孔径为2.1-3.3μm,5级收集盘的滤孔孔径为1.1-2.1μm,6级收集盘的滤孔孔径为0.7-1.1μm,7级收集盘的滤孔孔径为0.4-0.7μm,每个所述收集盘的四周设有排气通道。
0级收集盘可收集大小为大于9μm的微粉,1级收集盘可收集大小为5.8-9μm的微粉,2级收集盘可收集大小为4.7-5.8μm的微粉,3级收集盘可收集大小为3.3-4.7μm的微粉,4级收集盘可收集大小为2.1-3.3μm的微粉,5级收集盘可收集大小为1.1-2.1μm的微粉,6级收集盘可收集大小为0.7-1.1μm的微粉,7级收集盘可收集大小为0.4-0.7μm的微粉。粒径较大的微粉被截留在低等级收集盘中,粒径较小的继续前行到下一个收集盘,使不同粒径的微粉分别分布在0~7级收集盘中。
采用上述技术方案,由于仿真装置包括分别与恒温恒湿箱和呼吸系统模型连接的蒸汽及真空产生装置,且呼吸系统模型的构造接近人体呼吸系统的构造,其内壁使用吸湿后变粘的涂层,仿真装置能产生与人体内相同的温湿度环境,使得仿真装置在表征干粉吸入制剂时更加接近真实人体呼吸系统。此外,不同级别的过滤器的使用使得该仿真装置可以用于研究不同粒径干粉吸入制剂的沉积,降低因仿真环境和人体环境差别大而导致的数据不准确的风险和使用不准确数据而导致的临床风险。因此,使用本发明将更精确、更科学的比对仿制药与原研药的空气动力学特征,提高体外数据推体内数据的准确性及相关性,降低临床风险,降低巨额的资金投入。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为图1中A部的放大图。
图中,10-恒温恒湿箱,11-显示屏,13-湿度排泄阀,20-蒸汽及真空产生装置,21-温湿度控制阀,23-蒸汽机,25-真空泵,30-呼吸系统模型,31-口腔接受器,33-样品收集器,33a-0级收集盘,33b-1级收集盘,33c-2级收集盘,33d-3级收集盘,33e-4级收集盘,33f-5级收集盘,33g-6级收集盘,33h-7级收集盘,33J-过滤器,33u-排气通道,251-压力调节阀,253-真空调节阀,255-计时器,257-流量控制阀,331-第一样品收集器,333-第二样品收集器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是,对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
如图1和图2所示,一种表征干粉吸入制剂在呼吸系统空气动力学的仿真装置:包括恒温恒湿箱10、蒸汽及真空产生装置20和呼吸系统模型30,呼吸系统模型30设置在恒温恒湿箱内10,恒温恒湿箱10和呼吸系统模型30均与蒸汽及真空产生装置20连接;恒温恒湿箱10内设温湿度传感器,温湿度传感器与蒸汽及真空产生装置20电连接;呼吸系统模型30包括口腔接受器21和样品收集器33,呼吸系统模型30的内壁涂有吸湿后变粘的涂层,样品收集器33分为第一样品收集器331和第二样品收集器333,第一样品收集器331和第二样品收集器333的一端与口腔接受器31通过仿造人体呼吸道形状的导管连接。
进一步的,蒸汽及真空产生装置20包括真空泵25、蒸汽机23和温湿度控制阀21,真空泵25通过设有流量调节阀257的管道与第一样品收集盘331和第二样品收集盘333连接,真空泵25与设在蒸汽及真空产生装置20中的压力调节阀251、真空调节阀253和计时器255连接。
其中,蒸汽机23设有温湿度控制阀21。
进一步的,蒸汽机23通过导管与恒温恒湿箱10连接,调节恒温恒湿箱10的温度和湿度。
其中,恒温恒湿箱外设有温度、湿度和饱和时间显示屏11,恒温恒湿箱10底部设有湿度排泄阀13,当恒温恒湿箱10的湿度过高时,开启湿度排泄阀13进行调节。
进一步的,第一样品收集器331和第二样品收集器333底部设有过滤器33J,过滤器33J为除湿过滤器33J,该过滤器33J可以将湿热空气进入真空机前去除湿空气中的水分,保护真空机。
样品收集器内设有0-7级收集盘,0级收集盘33a的滤孔孔径为大于9μm,1级收集盘33b的滤孔孔径为5.8-9μm,2级收集盘33c的滤孔孔径为4.7-5.8μm,3级收集盘33d的滤孔孔径为3.3-4.7μm,4级收集盘33e的滤孔孔径为2.1-3.3μm,5级收集盘33f的滤孔孔径为1.1-2.1μm,6级收集盘33g的滤孔孔径为0.7-1.1μm,7级收集盘33h的滤孔孔径为0.4-0.7μm,每个所述收集盘的四周设有排气通道33u。
0级收集盘33a可收集大小为大于9μm的微粉,1级收集盘33b可收集大小为5.8-9μm的微粉,2级收集盘33c可收集大小为4.7-5.8μm的微粉,3级收集盘33d可收集大小为3.3-4.7μm的微粉,4级收集盘33e可收集大小为2.1-3.3μm的微粉,5级收集盘33f可收集大小为1.1-2.1μm的微粉,6级收集盘33g可收集大小为0.7-1.1μm的微粉,7级收集盘33h可收集大小为0.4-0.7μm的微粉。粒径较大的微粉被截留在低等级收集盘中,粒径较小的继续前行到下一个收集盘,使不同粒径的微粉分别分布在0~7级收集盘中。
样品收集器仿真人体的肺部,不同级别的收集盘用于收集不同粒径的药物。
靠近连接真空泵25的管道一端的过滤器为7级收集盘,收集盘的级别逐级下降到靠近连接口腔接受器31的管道一端的0级收集盘。
以下为主要部件的功能说明:
口腔接受器31:带药DPI装置由此处接入;
显示屏11:显示恒温恒湿控制箱以及到达要求的温湿度后的饱和时间;
呼吸系统模型30:所有内壁均涂有吸湿后变粘的特殊涂层,该涂层含有纳米活性物质,如纳米二氧化钛,该涂层在37℃、75%的环境下(人体内环境),可吸湿变粘,当微粉经过时,可以被有效吸附而不反弹;
蒸汽机23:为恒温恒湿箱提供温热蒸汽;
真空泵25:可造成呼吸系统模型内负压,将DPI装置中的粉末主动吸入进模型;
计时器255:记录抽真空的时间;
流量控制阀257:调节真空泵的吸气量;
过滤器33J:内附干燥器,可以吸附恒温恒湿箱内的水分,避免真空泵吸入湿空气;
第一样品收集器331和第二样品收集器333:模拟肺部构造。
本发明的使用方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:打开恒温恒湿箱10、打开蒸汽机23,待温度、湿度达到要求后,饱和5~10分钟,备用;
步骤二:将DPI插入口腔接受器31,设置好流量,打开真空泵25,开始抽真空,根据每个产品特点,设置抽真空时间;
步骤三:时间到后,关闭真空泵25,取出第一样品收集器331和第二样品收集器333,洗脱每层样品盘上的样品,并经过处理后,注入液相进行含量测定,并得出每等级样品盘中药物的含量,得到空气动力性粒径分布情况。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下,对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种表征干粉吸入制剂在呼吸系统空气动力学的仿真装置,其特征在于:包括恒温恒湿箱、蒸汽及真空产生装置和呼吸系统模型,所述呼吸系统模型设置在所述恒温恒湿箱内,所述恒温恒湿箱和呼吸系统模型均与所述蒸汽及真空产生装置连接;所述恒温恒湿箱内设温湿度传感器,所述温湿度传感器与所述蒸汽及真空产生装置电连接;所述呼吸系统模型包括口腔接受器和样品收集器,所述呼吸系统模型的内壁涂有吸湿后变粘的涂层,所述样品收集器分为第一样品收集器和第二样品收集器,每个收集器设有8个收集盘,第一样品收集器和第二样品收集器与口腔接受器通过仿造人体呼吸道形状的导管连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的仿真装置,其特征在于:所述蒸汽及真空产生装置包括真空泵、蒸汽机和温湿度控制阀,所述真空泵通过设有流量调节阀的管道与所述第一样品收集器和第二样品收集器连接,所述真空泵与设在蒸汽及真空产生装置中的压力调节阀、真空调节阀和计时器连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的仿真装置,其特征在于:所述蒸汽机设有温湿度控制阀。
4.根据权利要求3所述的仿真装置,其特征在于:所述蒸汽机通过导管与所述恒温恒湿箱连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的仿真装置,其特征在于:所述恒温恒湿箱外设有温度、湿度和饱和时间显示屏,所述恒温恒湿箱底部设有湿度排泄阀。
6.根据权利要求5所述的仿真装置,其特征在于:所述第一样品收集器和第二样品收集器底部设有过滤器,所述过滤器为除湿过滤器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的仿真装置,其特征在于:所述样品收集器内设有0-7级收集盘,0级收集盘的滤孔孔径为大于9μm,1级收集盘的滤孔孔径为5.8-9μm,2级收集盘的滤孔孔径为4.7-5.8μm,3级收集盘的滤孔孔径为3.3-4.7μm,4级收集盘的滤孔孔径为2.1-3.3μm,5级收集盘的滤孔孔径为1.1-2.1μm,6级收集盘的滤孔孔径为0.7-1.1μm,7级收集盘的滤孔孔径为0.4-0.7μm,每个所述收集盘的四周设有排气通道。
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