CN110160906B - Reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with lubricating and compound force loading system - Google Patents
Reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with lubricating and compound force loading system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110160906B CN110160906B CN201910547118.9A CN201910547118A CN110160906B CN 110160906 B CN110160906 B CN 110160906B CN 201910547118 A CN201910547118 A CN 201910547118A CN 110160906 B CN110160906 B CN 110160906B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0033—Weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0035—Spring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with a lubricating and compound force loading system, which belongs to the field of friction testing machines and comprises a lubricating system, a base support leg, a base, an upper test piece, a heating device, a guide rod I, a lower test piece, a flexible beam, a compound force loading system, a balance weight rod, a balance weight, a rotating shaft, a strain gauge, an L-shaped bracket, a temperature sensor, a speed regulating motor, a guide rod II, a connecting rod, a crank disc, a speed sensor, a conversion connector and the like. The compound force loading system is arranged on the flexible beam and the L-shaped bracket and consists of a lever weight loading device and a bolt spring loading device; the flexible beam is connected with the upper test piece through threads, the upper test piece is connected with the lower test piece through a moving pair, and the friction force is measured through deformation of the flexible beam; the lubrication system is connected with the internal channel of the upper test piece through a pipeline. The invention can realize the high-load and high-precision loading and the real-time self-lubrication of the friction pair, and can realize the reciprocating friction performance test of various friction pairs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction and wear and lubrication performance test of materials, in particular to a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with a lubrication and composite force loading system.
Background
The reciprocating friction and wear tester is one kind of equipment for testing friction performance and lubricant effect of metal or non-metal material. Most of reciprocating type friction and wear testing machines in the current market simulate friction and wear conditions under the dry friction condition of a test piece, and friction parts in actual working conditions can relate to lubrication problems, most of testing machines cannot simulate the lubrication and wear conditions, and most of reciprocating type friction and wear testing machines in the market have the problem of small load, so that friction working conditions under the condition of relatively large load cannot be simulated. Meanwhile, the existing reciprocating friction and wear testing machine can only measure friction pairs in a single plane form, and is difficult to measure friction conditions among friction pairs in different forms.
In order to effectively solve the technical problems, the invention provides the reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with the lubricating and compound force loading system, which can carry out friction experiments under the working condition of lubricating with a lubricant, and adopts the compound force loading system of weights and springs to carry out coarse loading and large loading force loading through weight levers and the method of bolt spring fine loading and auxiliary loading, thereby realizing high-load and high-precision loading, leading the friction experimental result to be closer to the actual working condition, simultaneously carrying out modularized design on an upper test piece and a lower test piece, conveniently replacing the forms of the upper test piece and the lower test piece, leading the testing machine to be convenient for measuring the friction conditions among friction pairs in various forms such as a plane pair, a V-shaped section moving pair, a dovetail groove-shaped moving pair, a rectangular section moving pair and the like, and being not limited to the friction conditions among cylindrical pairs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the background art and provides a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with a lubricating and compound force loading system; the testing machine is provided with a lubricating system to simulate a real-time self-lubricating state during friction, is loaded in a composite loading mode by sampling weights and springs, achieves coarse loading and large loading force loading through weight levers, achieves fine loading and auxiliary loading through bolt springs, achieves large loading and high precision loading, and is used for measuring the magnitude of friction force between test pieces through detecting deflection deformation of flexible beams, converting the deflection deformation into measurement signals through strain gauges, and measuring the magnitude of friction force between the test pieces.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the reciprocating friction and wear testing machine comprises a lubricating system, a base support leg, a base, an upper test piece, a heating device, a fixed pulley, a guide rod I, a lower test piece, a linear bearing I, a flexible beam, a compound force loading system, a balance weight rod, a balance weight, a rotating shaft, a strain gauge, an L-shaped bracket, a temperature sensor, a speed regulating motor, a linear bearing II, a guide rod II, a connecting rod, a crank disc, a speed sensor and a conversion connector, wherein the base support leg is connected with the base through bolts; the speed regulating motor is fixed on the base through bolts; the crank disc is connected with the speed regulating motor through a coupler; the connecting rod is connected with the crank disc through a revolute pair; the guide rod II is connected with the connecting rod through a revolute pair and is connected with the linear bearing II through a sliding pair; the linear bearing II is fixed on the base through a bolt; the guide rod I is connected with the linear bearing I through a sliding pair; the linear bearing I is fixed on the base through a bolt. The speed regulating motor provides the rotating speed required by the testing machine, and the crank slider mechanism consisting of the crank disc, the connecting rod, the guide rod I and the guide rod II is utilized to convert the rotating motion into the reciprocating linear motion, so that the lower test piece is driven to do the reciprocating linear motion, and the reciprocating friction motion state is simulated.
The L-shaped bracket is fixed on the upper part of the base through bolts; the fixed end of the flexible beam and the L-shaped bracket form a revolute pair through a rotating shaft; the balance weight rod is connected to the end part of the fixed end of the flexible beam through threads, and the balance weight is hung on the balance weight rod; the strain gauges are respectively stuck to two sides of the middle part of the flexible beam through an adhesive; the upper test piece is connected to the lower part of the movable end of the flexible Liang Fu through a stud; the upper test piece is connected with the adapter through threads, and the adapter is communicated with the lubrication flow passage in the upper test piece; the lower test piece is connected with the upper test piece through a sliding pair, two ends of the lower test piece are respectively connected with the guide rod I and the guide rod II through threads in a coaxial mode, and the axis of the lower test piece is perpendicular to the central plane of the flexible beam. In the experimental preparation stage, the balance weight is used for balancing the influence caused by the gravity of the flexible beam, the upper test piece is arranged at the lower part of the flexible beam through threads, the upper test piece is convenient to detach and replace, the lubrication system is connected with the upper test piece through the adapter, the lubricant is supplied to simulate a lubrication friction state, the lower test piece is connected with the guide rod I and the guide rod II through threads, the lower test piece is convenient to detach and replace, and therefore the friction conditions of friction pairs in different forms are measured, and the measurement of the friction pair is not limited to a cylindrical pair.
The lubricating system consists of a motor base, a motor, a coupler, a gear pump, an oil collecting tank, a filter, an oil return tank and an overflow valve; wherein the motor is fixed on the motor base through bolts; the gear pump is connected with the motor through a coupler; the liquid outlet at the upper part of the gear pump is connected with an adapter joint arranged on the upper test piece through a hose; an overflow valve is connected in parallel between a liquid outlet at the upper part of the gear pump and an oil collecting tank, and the oil collecting tank is fixed on the base through a bolt; the liquid inlet at the lower part of the gear pump is connected with the oil return box through a pipeline; the filter is arranged at a liquid outlet at the lower part of the oil collecting tank; the oil return tank is arranged at the lower part of the filter; the liquid outlet of the overflow valve is connected with the oil return box through a pipeline. And when the experiment starts, the starting motor drives the gear pump to inject the lubricant into the contact surface of the lower test piece and the upper test piece, so that the lubrication condition in the friction and wear experiment process is simulated. The lubricant leaked out after flowing through the friction surface flows into the oil collecting tank and returns into the oil returning tank through the filter, so that the aim of recycling is fulfilled.
The compound force loading system consists of a lever weight loading device, a bolt spring loading device and a transition stud; the lever weight loading device is connected to the end part of the movable end of the flexible Liang Fu through threads; the bolt spring loading device is fixed on the upper portion of the L-shaped support through bolts and is arranged on the upper portion of the movable end of the flexible Liang Fu through a transition stud. The lever weight loading device and the bolt spring loading device are used for loading the test piece in a mutually independent or composite loading mode, coarse loading and large loading force loading are realized through the weight lever, fine loading and auxiliary loading are realized through the bolt spring, and a scale is arranged in the loading device for calibrating the loading force, so that the design purpose of large loading and high-precision loading is achieved.
Preferably, the invention provides a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with a self-lubricating and compound force loading system, wherein the speed sensor is arranged on the base through the magnetic base, and the probe of the speed sensor is aligned with the guide rod II and is vertical to the central axis of the guide rod II; the fixed pulley is arranged on the base through a screw, and the center line of the groove of the fixed pulley is positioned in the same plane with the axis of the lower test piece; the heating device is arranged on the upper test piece through a bolt; the temperature sensor is arranged on the base through the magnetic base, and the probe of the temperature sensor is aligned to the upper test piece. And in the debugging stage of the experimental machine, the fixed pulley is used for loading transverse force on the flexible beam to calibrate the measurement data of the flexible beam. And in the test process, the heating device is used for heating the upper test piece, the temperature working condition in the test process is simulated, and the temperature and the speed in the friction process are monitored and fed back in real time through the temperature sensor and the speed sensor.
Preferably, the invention provides a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with a self-lubricating and compound force loading system, wherein the lever weight loading device comprises a weight loading scale, a loading weight rod, a loading weight and a positioning nut; the loading weight rod is fixed at the end part of the movable end of the flexible Liang Fu through threads, and the external surface of the loading weight rod is provided with threads; the loading weight is fixed on the loading weight rod through two positioning nuts; the weight loading scale is arranged at the lower part of the loading weight rod. The lever weight loading device sets the loading force by adjusting the position of the loading weight on the loading weight rod and adjusting the mass of the loading weight, and the loading force can be marked through the weight loading scale.
Preferably, the invention provides a reciprocating friction wear testing machine with a self-lubricating and compound force loading system, wherein the bolt spring loading device comprises a lower spring limiting block, a loading spring, an upper spring limiting block, a pointer, a spring loading scale, a loading bolt and a bolt bracket; the bolt bracket is arranged at the top of the L-shaped bracket through a bolt, the loading bolt is arranged on the bolt bracket through threads, and the loading bolt is connected with the upper spring limiting block through a plane pair; the spring loading scale is arranged at the lower part of the bolt bracket and is vertically arranged with the pointer; the pointer is fixed on the side surface of the upper spring limiting block; the upper spring limiting block and the lower spring limiting block are connected through a moving pair and are coaxially arranged; the lower spring limiting block is connected to the upper part of the movable end of the flexible Liang Fu through a stud at the upper part of the transition stud, and the transition stud is fixed in a threaded hole of the movable end of the flexible Liang Fu through a locking nut I; the loading spring is arranged between the lower spring limiting block and the upper spring limiting block. The bolt spring loading device sets the loading force by adjusting the position of the loading bolt, and the loading force can be marked through a pointer and a spring loading scale.
Preferably, the invention provides a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with a self-lubricating and compound force loading system, wherein an upper test piece is fixed on a stud at the lower part of a transition stud through a lock nut II, and is provided with a sealing groove, a liquid outlet hole, a liquid storage groove and a liquid inlet hole; one end of the liquid inlet hole is communicated with the liquid storage tank, and the other end of the liquid inlet hole is communicated with the adapter; the liquid storage tank is arranged in the upper test piece and is communicated with the sealing groove through the liquid outlet hole; the seal groove comprises five identical grooves, and evenly distributed on the lower surface of the upper test piece, and the upper test piece and the lower test piece are matched to form a sealing volume. The height of the upper test piece in the vertical direction can be adjusted by adjusting the locking nut II and the transition stud. The lubricant is injected into the adapter through the lubrication system pipeline and enters the liquid storage tank through the liquid inlet hole. The diameter of the liquid inlet hole is larger than that of the liquid outlet hole, the lubricant can be stored in the liquid storage tank and flows into the sealing groove from each liquid outlet hole, and the lubricant in the sealing groove can produce a lubricating effect to lubricate the friction surface of the test piece so as to simulate the lubrication friction working condition. In addition, the lubrication condition is changed by adjusting the lubrication system, so that the defects that the traditional reciprocating friction testing machine is difficult to lubricate and the lubrication state is difficult to change are overcome.
Preferably, the invention provides a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with a self-lubricating and compound force loading system, wherein the flexible beam consists of a thicker rigid plate I, a thinner flexible plate II, a thicker rigid plate II, a threaded hole I, a threaded hole II, a through unthreaded hole and a threaded hole III, the rigid plate I is positioned at a floating end, the rigid plate II is positioned at a fixed end, and the flexible plate is positioned between the rigid plate I and the rigid plate II; the middle of the rigid plate I is provided with a threaded hole I penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface, the end part of the rigid plate I is provided with a threaded hole II, the side surface of the rigid plate II is provided with a through unthreaded hole, and the end part of the rigid plate II is provided with a threaded hole III; the loading weight rod is connected with the threaded hole II through threads in a coaxial way; the transition stud is coaxially connected with the threaded hole I through threads; the rotating shaft is connected with the through light hole through a revolute pair; the balance weight rod is connected with the threaded hole III through threads in a coaxial way.
Preferably, the invention provides a reciprocating friction and wear testing machine with a self-lubricating and compound force loading system, wherein the central plane of the flexible plate is perpendicular to the central plane of the rigid plate I, the central plane of the rigid plate I is parallel to the central plane of the rigid plate II, and the central plane of the flexible plate is perpendicular to the movement direction of the lower test piece when the flexible plate is not deformed.
The flexible board in the middle of the flexible beam can generate tiny deflection deformation due to the friction force between the upper test piece and the lower test piece in the experimental process, and the micro deflection deformation is converted into a measurement signal through the strain gauge for processing and analysis, so that the real-time friction force existing between the test pieces can be sensitively measured.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides a compound force loading system, which adopts a mode of mutually independent or compound loading of a lever weight loading device and a bolt spring loading device to load a test piece, realizes coarse loading and large loading force loading through a weight lever, realizes fine loading and auxiliary loading through a bolt spring, and is provided with a scale to mark the magnitude of loading force, thereby achieving the design purposes of large loading and high-precision loading.
(2) The self-lubricating system is used for realizing real-time self-lubricating in the friction process of the friction pair, and the lubricating working condition is changed by adjusting the lubricating system, so that the defects that the traditional reciprocating friction testing machine is difficult to lubricate and the lubricating state is difficult to change are overcome.
(3) The upper test piece and the lower test piece are subjected to modularized design, and the structural forms of the upper test piece and the lower test piece can be conveniently replaced, so that the tribological properties of a plurality of friction pairs in different forms such as a plane pair, a V-shaped section moving pair, a dovetail groove-shaped moving pair, a rectangular section moving pair, a cylindrical friction pair and the like can be conveniently measured. Solves the technical problem that the existing reciprocating friction and wear testing machine can only carry out reciprocating friction and wear measurement on a single-form friction pair.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic general construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the lubrication system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the exercise device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a force compounding loading system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a bolt spring loading apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the compound force loading system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the upper test piece structure of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation view of an upper test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of an upper test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the compliant beam structure of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view, partially in section, of a flexible beam of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the present invention with different upper and lower test pieces mated to form different friction pairs;
in the figure: 1. a lubrication system; 2. a base support leg; 3. a base; 4. a test piece is arranged; 5. a heating device; 6. a fixed pulley; 7. a guide rod I; 8. a lower test piece; 9. a linear bearing I; 10. a flexible beam; 11. a compound force loading system; 12. balance weight bar; 13. balance weights; 14. a rotating shaft; 15. a strain gage; an l-shaped stent; 17. a temperature sensor; 18. a speed regulating motor; 19. a linear bearing II; 20. a guide rod II; 21. a connecting rod; 22. a crank disc; 23. a speed sensor; 24. a conversion joint; 101. a motor base; 102. a motor; 103. a coupling; 104. a gear pump; 105. an oil collecting tank; 106. a filter; 107. an oil return tank; 108. an overflow valve; 41. sealing grooves; 42. a liquid outlet hole; 43. a liquid storage tank; 44. a liquid inlet hole; 45. a lock nut II; 111. lever weight loading device; 112. a bolt spring loading device; 113. a transition stud; 1001. a rigid plate I; 1002. a flexible board; 1003. a rigid plate II; 1004. a threaded hole I; 1005. a threaded hole II; 1006. a through-hole; 1007. a threaded hole III; 1111. the weight loads the scale; 1112. loading a weight rod; 1113. loading weights; 1114. positioning a nut; 1121. a lower spring limiting block; 1122. loading a spring; 1123. an upper spring limiting block; 1124. a pointer; 1125. a spring loaded scale; 1126. loading a bolt; 1127. a bolt bracket; 1128. and a lock nut I.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 12, the reciprocating frictional wear testing machine with a lubrication and compound force loading system according to the present invention includes a lubrication system 1, a base support leg 2, a base 3, an upper test piece 4, a heating device 5, a fixed pulley 6, a guide rod i 7, a lower test piece 8, a linear bearing i 9, a flexible beam 10, a compound force loading system 11, a balance weight rod 12, a balance weight 13, a rotating shaft 14, a strain gauge 15, an L-shaped bracket 16, a temperature sensor 17, a speed regulating motor 18, a linear bearing ii 19, a guide rod ii 20, a connecting rod 21, a crank disc 22, a speed sensor 23 and a conversion joint 24. As shown in fig. 1, the base support leg 2 is connected with the base 3 through a bolt; the speed regulating motor 18 is fixed on the base 3 through bolts; the crank disc 22 is connected with the speed regulating motor 18 through a coupler; the connecting rod 21 is connected with the crank disc 22 through a revolute pair; the guide rod II 20 is connected with the connecting rod 21 through a revolute pair and is connected with the linear bearing II 19 through a sliding pair; the linear bearing II 19 is fixed on the base 3 through a bolt; the guide rod I7 is connected with the linear bearing I9 through a sliding pair; the linear bearing I9 is fixed on the base 3 through bolts. The speed regulating motor 18 provides the rotating speed required by the testing machine, and a crank slider mechanism consisting of a crank disc 22, a connecting rod 21, a guide rod I7 and a guide rod II 20 is utilized to convert the rotating motion into the reciprocating linear motion, and the guide rod II 20 drives the test piece 8 to do the reciprocating linear motion so as to simulate the reciprocating friction motion state.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the L-shaped bracket 16 is fixed to the upper portion of the base 3 by bolts; the fixed end of the flexible beam 10 and the L-shaped bracket 16 form a revolute pair through a rotating shaft 14; the balance weight rod 12 is connected to the end part of the fixed end of the flexible beam 10 through threads, and the balance weight 13 is hung on the balance weight rod 12; the strain gauges 15 are respectively stuck to two sides of the middle part of the flexible beam 10 through an adhesive; the upper test piece 4 is connected to the lower part of the floating end of the flexible beam 10 through a stud; the upper test piece 4 is connected with an adapter 24 through threads, and the adapter 24 is communicated with a lubrication flow passage in the upper test piece 4; the lower test piece 8 is connected with the upper test piece 4 through a sliding pair, two ends of the lower test piece 8 are respectively connected with the guide rod I7 and the guide rod II 20 through threads in a coaxial mode, and the axis of the lower test piece 8 is perpendicular to the central plane of the flexible beam 10. In the experimental preparation stage, the balance weight 13 is used for balancing the influence caused by the gravity of the flexible beam 10, the upper test piece 4 is arranged at the lower part of the flexible beam 10 through threads, the upper test piece 4 is convenient to detach and replace, the lubrication system 1 is connected with the upper test piece 4 through the adapter 24, the lubricant is supplied to simulate a lubrication friction state, the lower test piece 8 is connected with the guide rod I7 and the guide rod II 20 through threads in a coaxial way, the lower test piece 8 is convenient to detach and replace, and therefore the friction conditions of friction pairs in different forms are measured, and the measurement of the friction pair is not limited to a cylindrical pair.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lubrication system 1 is composed of a motor base 101, a motor 102, a coupling 103, a gear pump 104, an oil collecting tank 105, a filter 106, an oil return tank 107 and an overflow valve 108; wherein the motor 102 is fixed on the motor base 101 through bolts; the gear pump 104 is connected with the motor 102 through a coupler 103; the liquid outlet at the upper part of the gear pump 104 is connected with the adapter 24 arranged on the upper test piece 4 through a hose; an overflow valve 108 is connected in parallel between a liquid outlet at the upper part of the gear pump 104 and the oil collecting tank 105, and the oil collecting tank 105 is fixed on the base 3 through bolts; the liquid inlet at the lower part of the gear pump 104 is connected with an oil return box 107 through a pipeline; the filter 106 is arranged at a liquid outlet at the lower part of the oil collecting tank 105; the oil return tank 107 is arranged at the lower part of the filter 106; the liquid outlet of the overflow valve 108 is connected with the oil return tank 107 through a pipeline. At the beginning of the experiment, the starting motor 102 drives the gear pump 104 to inject the lubricant into the contact surface of the lower test piece 8 and the upper test piece 4, so that the lubrication condition in the friction and wear experiment process is simulated. The lubricant leaked out after flowing through the friction surface flows into the oil collecting tank 105 and returns to the oil returning tank 107 through the filter 106, so that the purpose of recycling is achieved.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the compound force loading system 11 is composed of a lever weight loading device 111, a bolt spring loading device 112 and a transition stud 113; the lever weight loading device 111 is connected to the end of the floating end of the flexible beam 10 through threads; the bolt spring loading device 112 is fixed on the upper part of the L-shaped bracket 16 through bolts, and is arranged on the upper part of the floating end of the flexible beam 10 through a transition stud 113. The lever weight loading device 111 and the bolt spring loading device 112 are used for loading the test piece in a mutually independent or compound loading mode, coarse loading and large loading force loading are realized through the weight lever, fine loading and auxiliary loading are realized through the bolt spring, high-load and high-precision loading are realized, and the measurement result is more accurate.
As shown in fig. 1, the speed sensor 23 is arranged on the base 3 through a magnetic base, and the probe of the speed sensor is aligned with the guide rod ii 20 and is perpendicular to the central axis of the guide rod ii 20; the fixed pulley 6 is arranged on the base 3 through a screw, and the center line of the groove of the fixed pulley is positioned in the same plane with the axis of the lower test piece 8; the heating device 5 is arranged on the upper test piece 4 through bolts; the temperature sensor 17 is arranged on the base 3 through a magnetic base, and the probe of the temperature sensor is aligned with the upper test piece 4. And in the debugging stage of the experimental machine, the fixed pulley 6 is used for loading transverse force on the flexible beam 10 to calibrate the measurement data of the flexible beam, the heating device 5 is used for heating the upper test piece 4, the temperature working condition in the experimental process is simulated, and the temperature and the speed in the friction process are monitored and fed back in real time through the temperature sensor 17 and the speed sensor 23.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the lever weight loading device 111 includes a weight loading scale 1111, a loading weight bar 1112, a loading weight 1113 and a positioning nut 1114; the loading weight rod 1112 is fixed at the end of the floating end of the flexible beam 10 through threads, and the outer surface of the loading weight rod is provided with threads; the loading weight 1113 is fixed on the loading weight bar 1112 through two positioning nuts 1114; the weight loading scale 1111 is disposed at the lower portion of the loading weight lever 1112. The lever weight loading device 111 sets the loading force by adjusting the position of the loading weight 1113 on the loading weight bar 1112 and adjusting the mass of the loading weight 1113, which can be indicated by the weight loading scale 1111.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the bolt spring loading device 112 comprises a lower spring stopper 1121, a loading spring 1122, an upper spring stopper 1123, a pointer 1124, a spring loading scale 1125, a loading bolt 1126 and a bolt bracket 1127; the bolt support 1127 is mounted on the top of the L-shaped support 16 through bolts, the loading bolt 1126 is mounted on the bolt support 1127 through threads, and the loading bolt 1126 is connected with the upper spring limiting block 1123 through a plane pair; the spring-loaded scale 1125 is arranged at the lower part of the bolt bracket 1127 and is arranged vertically to the pointer 1124; the pointer 1124 is fixed on the side of the upper spring stop block 1123; the upper spring limiting block 1123 is connected with the lower spring limiting block 1121 through a moving pair and is arranged coaxially; the lower spring limiting block 1121 is connected to the upper part of the floating end of the flexible beam 10 through a stud at the upper part of the transition stud 113; the transition stud 113 is fixed in a threaded hole at the floating end of the flexible beam 10 through a locking nut I1128; the loading spring 1122 is mounted between the lower spring stop 1121 and the upper spring stop 1123. The bolt spring loading device 112 sets the magnitude of the loading force by adjusting the position of the loading bolt 1126, which can be indicated by the pointer 1124 and the spring loading scale 1125.
As shown in fig. 4 to 8, the upper test piece 4 is fixed to the stud at the lower part of the transition stud 113 by a lock nut ii 45. The upper test piece 4 is provided with a sealing groove 41, a liquid outlet hole 42, a liquid storage groove 43 and a liquid inlet hole 44; one end of the liquid inlet hole 44 is communicated with the liquid storage groove 43, and the other end is communicated with the conversion joint 24; the liquid storage groove 43 is arranged in the upper test piece 4 and is communicated with the sealing groove 41 through the liquid outlet hole 42; the seal groove 41 is composed of five identical grooves and is uniformly distributed on the lower surface of the upper test piece 4, and the upper test piece 4 and the lower test piece 8 are matched to form a sealed volume. The height of the upper test piece 4 in the vertical direction can be adjusted by adjusting the locking nut II 45 and the transition stud 113, and the lubricant is injected into the adapter 24 through the lubrication system pipeline and enters the liquid storage tank 43 through the liquid inlet hole 44. The diameter of the liquid inlet hole 44 is larger than that of the liquid outlet hole 42, and the lubricant can be stored in the liquid storage groove 43 and flows into the sealing groove 41 from each liquid outlet hole 42, so that the lubricant in the sealing groove 41 can generate a lubricating effect to fully lubricate the friction surface of the test piece so as to simulate the lubrication friction working condition. In addition, the lubrication condition is changed by adjusting the lubrication system, so that the defects that the traditional reciprocating friction testing machine is difficult to lubricate and the lubrication state is difficult to change are overcome.
As shown in fig. 10 and 12, the flexible beam 10 is composed of a thicker rigid plate i 1001, a thinner flexible plate 1002, a thicker rigid plate ii 1003, a threaded hole i 1004, a threaded hole ii 1005, a through-hole 1006 and a threaded hole iii 1007, wherein the rigid plate i 1001 is at the floating end, the rigid plate ii 1003 is at the fixed end, and the flexible plate 1002 is between the rigid plates i 1001 and ii 1003; a threaded hole I1004 penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface is formed in the middle of the rigid plate I1001, a threaded hole II 1005 is formed in the end part of the rigid plate I1001, a through light hole 1006 is formed in the side surface of the rigid plate II 1003, and a threaded hole III 1007 is formed in the end part of the rigid plate II 1003; the loading weight rod 1112 is coaxially connected with the threaded hole II 1005 through threads; the transition stud 113 is coaxially connected with the threaded hole I1004 through threads; the rotating shaft 14 is connected with the through-hole 1006 through a revolute pair; the balance weight rod 12 is connected coaxially with the screw hole III 1007 by a screw.
As shown in fig. 10 and 12, the central plane of the flexible board 1002 is perpendicular to the central plane of the rigid board i 1001, the central plane of the rigid board i 1001 is parallel to the central plane of the rigid board ii 1003, and the central plane of the flexible board 1002 is perpendicular to the movement direction of the lower test piece 8 when not deformed. The flexible board 1002 in the middle of the flexible beam 10 can generate tiny deflection deformation due to friction force in the experimental process, and the small deflection deformation is converted into measurement signals through the strain gauge 15 for processing and analysis, so that the real-time friction force existing between test pieces can be sensitively measured.
As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the sliding pair formed between the upper test piece 4 and the lower test piece 8 is not limited to a cylindrical pair, but may include other friction pairs of various forms such as a plane pair, a V-section sliding pair, a dovetail-shaped sliding pair, a rectangular section sliding pair, and the like. And the upper test piece 4 and the lower test piece 8 are both arranged in a detachable mode, so that the disassembly and the replacement are convenient.
In the debugging stage of the experimental machine, the influence of loading force caused by the gravity of the flexible beam 10 is balanced by adjusting the weight of the balance weight 13; a weight and an upper test piece 4 are connected through a steel wire rope, and the flexible beam 10 is loaded with transverse force through a fixed pulley 6 arranged on a base 3 to calibrate deformation parameters and measured data of the flexible beam 10, so that the testing machine can be normally used after calibration.
In the experiment, an upper test piece 4 to be measured is arranged at the lower part of the transition stud 113 through threads and a lock nut II 45, the height of the upper test piece 4 in the vertical direction is adjusted by adjusting the position of the lock nut II 45 on the transition stud 113, and then the flexible beam 10 is ensured to be in a horizontal position, and the upper test piece 4 is locked through the lock nut II 45; two ends of a lower test piece 8 to be measured are respectively connected with a guide rod I7 and a guide rod II 20 coaxially through threads; adjusting the position of the loading weight 1113 on the loading weight bar 1112, positioning the loading weight 1113 by using a positioning nut 1114, reading the size of the weight loading force through a weight loading scale 1111, and performing coarse loading and large loading force loading; the position of the loading bolt 1126 is adjusted, the size of the spring loading force is calibrated through the pointer 1124 and the spring loading scale 1125, and the fine loading and the auxiliary loading are carried out; the required lubricant is injected into the oil return tank 107, and the heating device 5 is started to heat the upper test piece, so that the temperature reaches the experimentally simulated temperature level. Starting a speed regulating motor 18 to drive the lower test piece 8 to do reciprocating linear motion and generate friction with the upper test piece 4; starting the motor 102 to drive the gear pump 104 to supply oil to the upper test piece 4, and enabling the lubricant to flow into the sealing groove 41 through a runner in the upper test piece 4 to generate a lubricating effect on the friction surface; the lubricant leaked out after flowing through the friction surface flows into the oil collecting tank 105 and returns to the oil returning tank 107 through the filter 106, so that the purpose of recycling is achieved, and the leakage amount of the friction pair can be converted by measuring the leakage liquid volume in the oil collecting tank 105.
In the experimental process, the flexible beam 10 is subjected to deflection deformation caused by the amplified friction force through the flexible beam 10, and is converted into a measurement signal through the strain gauge 15 for processing and analysis, so that the friction force existing between test pieces is sensitively measured. After one friction pair measurement is completed, the speed regulating motor 18 and the motor 102 are stopped, the loading weight 1113 and the rotary loading bolt 1126 are removed for unloading, and the upper test piece 4 and the lower test piece 8 are disassembled through threads and then replaced with new test pieces, so that other forms of friction pairs such as a plane pair, a V-shaped section moving pair, a dovetail groove-shaped moving pair, a rectangular section moving pair and the like can be measured, and the friction between cylindrical pairs is not limited to be measured.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. The reciprocating friction and wear testing machine comprises a lubricating system (1), a base support leg (2), a base (3), an upper test piece (4), a heating device (5), a fixed pulley (6), a guide rod I (7), a lower test piece (8), a linear bearing I (9), a flexible beam (10), a composite force loading system (11), a balance weight rod (12), a balance weight (13), a rotating shaft (14), a strain gauge (15), an L-shaped bracket (16), a temperature sensor (17), a speed regulating motor (18), a linear bearing II (19), a guide rod II (20), a connecting rod (21), a crank disc (22), a speed sensor (23) and an adapter (24), wherein the base support leg (2) is connected with the base (3) through bolts; the speed regulating motor (18) is fixed on the base (3) through bolts; the crank disc (22) is connected with the speed regulating motor (18) through a coupler; the connecting rod (21) is connected with the crank disc (22) through a revolute pair; the guide rod II (20) is connected with the connecting rod (21) through a revolute pair and is connected with the linear bearing II (19) through a sliding pair; the linear bearing II (19) and the linear bearing I (9) are fixed on the base (3) through bolts; the linear bearing I (9) is connected with the guide rod I (7) through a sliding pair; the method is characterized in that:
the L-shaped bracket (16) is fixed on the upper part of the base (3) through bolts; the fixed end of the flexible beam (10) and the L-shaped bracket (16) form a revolute pair through a rotating shaft (14); the balance weight rod (12) is connected to the end part of the fixed end of the flexible beam (10) through threads, and the balance weight (13) is hung on the balance weight rod (12); the strain gauges (15) are respectively stuck to two sides of the middle part of the flexible beam (10) through adhesives; the upper test piece (4) is connected to the lower part of the floating end of the flexible beam (10) through a stud; the upper test piece (4) is connected with the adapter (24) through threads, and the adapter (24) is communicated with the lubrication flow passage in the upper test piece (4); the lower test piece (8) is connected with the upper test piece (4) through a sliding pair, two ends of the lower test piece (8) are respectively connected with the guide rod I (7) and the guide rod II (20) through threads in a coaxial mode, and the axis of the lower test piece (8) is perpendicular to the central plane of the flexible beam (10);
the lubricating system (1) consists of a motor base (101), a motor (102), a coupler (103), a gear pump (104), an oil collecting tank (105), a filter (106), an oil return tank (107) and an overflow valve (108); wherein the motor (102) is fixed on the motor base (101) through bolts; the gear pump (104) is connected with the motor (102) through a coupler (103); the liquid outlet at the upper part of the gear pump (104) is connected with the adapter (24) arranged on the upper test piece (4) through a hose, an overflow valve (108) is connected in parallel between the liquid outlet at the upper part of the gear pump (104) and the oil collecting tank (105), and the oil collecting tank (105) is fixed on the base (3) through a bolt; a liquid inlet at the lower part of the gear pump (104) is connected with an oil return box (107) through a pipeline; the filter (106) is arranged at a liquid outlet at the lower part of the oil collecting tank (105); the oil return tank (107) is arranged at the lower part of the filter (106); the liquid outlet of the overflow valve (108) is connected with the oil return box (107) through a pipeline;
the compound force loading system (11) consists of a lever weight loading device (111), a bolt spring loading device (112) and a transition stud (113);
the lever weight loading device (111) comprises a weight loading scale (1111), a loading weight rod (1112), a loading weight (1113) and a positioning nut (1114); the loading weight rod (1112) is fixed at the end part of the floating end of the flexible beam (10) through threads, and the outer surface of the loading weight rod is provided with threads; the loading weight (1113) is fixed on the loading weight rod (1112) through two positioning nuts (1114); the weight loading scale (1111) is arranged at the lower part of the loading weight rod (1112);
the bolt spring loading device (112) comprises a lower spring limiting block (1121), a loading spring (1122), an upper spring limiting block (1123), a pointer (1124), a spring loading scale (1125), a loading bolt (1126) and a bolt bracket (1127); the bolt bracket (1127) is arranged at the top of the L-shaped bracket (16) through bolts; the loading bolt (1126) is arranged on the bolt bracket (1127) through threads and is connected with the upper spring limiting block (1123) through a plane pair; the spring loading scale (1125) is arranged at the lower part of the bolt bracket (1127) and is perpendicular to the pointer (1124); the pointer (1124) is fixed on the side surface of the upper spring limiting block (1123); the upper spring limiting block (1123) is connected with the lower spring limiting block (1121) through a moving pair and is coaxially arranged; the lower spring limiting block (1121) is connected to the upper part of the floating end of the flexible beam (10) through a stud at the upper part of the transition stud (113), and the transition stud (113) is fixed in a threaded hole at the floating end of the flexible beam (10) through a locking nut I (1128); the loading spring (1122) is arranged between the lower spring limiting block (1121) and the upper spring limiting block (1123);
the upper test piece (4) is fixed on a stud at the lower part of the transition stud (113) through a lock nut II (45), and a sealing groove (41), a liquid outlet hole (42), a liquid storage groove (43) and a liquid inlet hole (44) are arranged on the upper test piece (4); one end of the liquid inlet hole (44) is communicated with the liquid storage groove (43), and the other end is communicated with the conversion joint (24); the liquid storage tank (43) is arranged in the upper test piece (4) and is communicated with the sealing groove (41) through the liquid outlet hole (42); the sealing groove (41) consists of five identical grooves and is uniformly distributed on the lower surface of the upper test piece (4), and the upper test piece (4) and the lower test piece (8) are matched to form a sealing volume;
the flexible beam (10) consists of a rigid plate I (1001) with a thicker thickness, a flexible plate (1002) with a thinner thickness, a rigid plate II (1003) with a thicker thickness, a threaded hole I (1004), a threaded hole II (1005), a through unthreaded hole (1006) and a threaded hole III (1007), wherein the rigid plate I (1001) is positioned at a floating end, the rigid plate II (1003) is positioned at a fixed end, and the flexible plate (1002) is positioned between the rigid plate I (1001) and the rigid plate II (1003); a threaded hole I (1004) penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface is formed in the middle of the rigid plate I (1001), a threaded hole II (1005) is formed in the end part of the rigid plate I (1001), a through light hole (1006) is formed in the side surface of the rigid plate II (1003), and a threaded hole III (1007) is formed in the end part of the rigid plate II (1003); the loading weight rod (1112) is coaxially connected with the threaded hole II (1005) through threads; the transition stud (113) is coaxially connected with the threaded hole I (1004) through threads; the rotating shaft (14) is connected with the through unthreaded hole (1006) through a revolute pair; the balance weight rod (12) is coaxially connected with the threaded hole III (1007) through threads;
the center plane of the flexible plate (1002) is perpendicular to the center plane of the rigid plate I (1001), the center plane of the rigid plate I (1001) is parallel to the center plane of the rigid plate II (1003), and the center plane of the flexible plate (1002) is perpendicular to the movement direction of the lower test piece (8) when the flexible plate is not deformed.
2. The reciprocating frictional wear testing machine with self-lubricating and compound force loading system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the speed sensor (23) is arranged on the base (3) through a magnetic base, and a probe of the speed sensor is aligned with the guide rod II 20 and is perpendicular to the central axis of the guide rod II (20); the fixed pulley (6) is arranged on the base (3) through a screw, and the center line of the groove of the fixed pulley is positioned in the same plane with the axis of the lower test piece (8); the heating device (5) is arranged on the upper test piece (4) through bolts; the temperature sensor (17) is arranged on the base (3) through the magnetic base, and the probe of the temperature sensor is aligned with the upper test piece (4).
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