CN110149157A - Array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration method - Google Patents
Array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110149157A CN110149157A CN201810143421.8A CN201810143421A CN110149157A CN 110149157 A CN110149157 A CN 110149157A CN 201810143421 A CN201810143421 A CN 201810143421A CN 110149157 A CN110149157 A CN 110149157A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
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Abstract
A kind of array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system disclosed by the invention, it is desirable to provide one kind can quickly calibrated wideband channel, promoted channel calibration control robustness calibration system.The technical scheme is that: the calibration signal generation unit for the array antenna that is connected is equipped between system control unit and coupler/switch unit, external radio frequency part passes through the connected digital processing element in internal radio frequency part, form array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system, calibration signal generation unit generates calibration signal, couples calibration signal by coupler/switch unit and/or is switched in the multiplexer channel of array antenna；System control unit carries out primary calibration signal and generates control, and using any one channel of array as the reference channel of benchmark, the received calibration signal of multiplexer channel is compared with the received calibration signal of reference channel, calculate remaining each channel with respect to reference channel the calibration factor on all corresponding frequency points.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to array antenna system technical fields, and in particular to one kind is in nothings such as wireless communication, navigation, radars
The method of line electric system array antenna channel calibration.
Background technique
Array antenna system be it is a kind of be arranged regularly or random alignment by being no less than two antenna elements, and by appropriate
Excitation obtains the particular antenna of predetermined radiation characteristic, and corresponding signal reception, transmitting and process resource composition.Compared to biography
Single array-element antenna system of system, with spatial resolving power, higher, wave beam controls more flexible, anti-interference ability to array antenna system
Stronger, the advantages that signal gain is higher, this is developed rapidly array antenna system between nearest decades.In reality
In, array antenna system includes external radio frequency part, internal radio frequency part, digital processing element and public resource etc..
Each array-element antenna reception space signal is adapted to through radio-frequency front-end and receives in array, is intermediate-freuqncy signal through frequency conversion, then sampled, digital
Quadrature demodulation obtains I, Q signal, and then application includes high-resolution direction finding algorithm, the arrays such as digital beam froming DBF accordingly
Signal processing algorithm realizes corresponding radio system function.However, due to the presence of various errors, so that array system reaches
Less than satisfactory performance.It include high-frequency amplifier, coupler, frequency mixer, intermediate frequency amplifier, filter in array channel
With the analog devices such as analog-digital converter.These analog devices and its active circuit of composition are inevitably present amplitude and phase
Potential difference is different, while adding the influence of other external factor, such as: temperature, humidity, device noise, device aging etc. certainly will make
That there are magnitude-phase characteristics between array channel is inconsistent, i.e. Channel Mismatch.Channel Mismatch will affect the performance of array system, cause side
Valve level increases, disturbance null shoals, the reduction of array gain, the reception process performance decline of array signal processing algorithm, or
Emit the various array signal processing problems such as output performance severe exacerbation, even prevents array antenna system from normal work when serious
Make.Therefore, it is essential that array antenna system, which carries out channel calibration,.During the work time, the environmental factors such as temperature, humidity
Influence to array antenna system, also as time change.It, just must be periodically to array in order to guarantee system working performance
Antenna carries out channel calibration.
Array antenna system channel calibration error, including array element directional diagram error, sensor position uncertainties, array element mutual coupling and
Channel sensor gain and phase uncertainties after bay.Array antenna system calibration is by injecting calibration signal in each channel of array
That carries out all kinds of calibrates for error.Calibration signal injection phase is different, and the error of calibration is different.Array element directional diagram error, battle array
First location error, array element mutual coupling etc. can be calibrated by open-loop calibration method.Channel sensor gain and phase uncertainties pass through closed loop calibration
Method is calibrated.The error of the array-element antenna relevant passive part of the main calibrating array antenna system of open-loop calibration.Open loop school
Standard by placing a calibration position signal source radiation signal in the far field of array antenna system, calibrating array antenna system
Array-element antenna.Implement open-loop calibration, sensor position uncertainties can be reduced, array element directional diagram error and array element mutual coupling etc. influence.It closes
Ring calibration, by, using forms such as coupling, switches, calibration signal being injected into battle array to the phases such as constant amplitude simultaneously in array-element antenna rear end
In each channel of array antenna system, then amplitude and phase of more each channel output, and after being compensated to digital signal
Array signal processing is carried out again, and the influence of the sensor gain and phase uncertainties between each receiving channel is reduced with this.System implements closed loop school
Standard can reduce the influence of the sensor gain and phase uncertainties of each interchannel, lifting system performance.
For narrow-band array antenna system, bandwidth chahnel relative narrower, amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristic in entire channel in band
It is approximately uniform.It only need to be to being calibrated at the centre frequency in channel between different channels, i.e., single-frequency point is calibrated.
For Wide band array antenna system, since bandwidth is relatively large, the amplitude-frequency characteristic in entire channel in band cannot recognize
It is identical.Not only the amplitude-frequency characteristic between each channel and phase-frequency characteristic are inconsistent in wideband array channel, but also each array channel
In-band frequency characteristic is also inconsistent.Using the single-frequency point calibrating mode of narrow-band array antenna system, it cannot be guaranteed that broadband after calibration
The consistency of array antenna system wideband channel.It is traditional for the sensor gain and phase uncertainties between calibrating wide-band array channel
Way is that frequency-division section processing is divided into narrowband in entire signal bandwidth by array channel frequency characteristic, is then calibrated with single-frequency point
Sequence carries out narrowband calibration to multiple narrowband slices to method respectively.By the calibration method, the calibration of each narrowband slice is obtained
Coefficient, and it is stored in memory.When array system works normally, system extracts calibration factor by the methods of tabling look-up, and carries out
Data calibration compensation.This kind of broadband calibration method, in the precision that array antenna system working band is more and more wider and calibrates
It is required that the duration for needing array antenna system to carry out calibration is also just increasingly longer under higher and higher demand.In addition,
Array antenna system is influenced by factors such as external environment and local oscillator drifts during the work time, each channel amplitude after calibration
It can still be changed over time with phase difference value.When each channel sensor gain and phase uncertainties change to a certain extent, what is initially carried out is logical
Road calibration data will be no longer applicable in, at this point, system worked well will be affected, i.e., system needs to carry out channel width mutually school again
It is quasi-.Therefore, it is quickly calibrated to the progress of array antenna wideband channel to be difficult to adapt to no electrical wiring system for this kind of broadband calibration method
Demand.Such as current research hotspot, the 5th third-generation mobile communication technology, using array signal processing method, in multiple frequency ranges
Carrier wave polymerization is carried out, to realize faster message transmission rate.Quick school is carried out to the channel of its broadband array antenna system
Standard has huge practical value.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is primarily directed to existing radio system calibration technology, it is difficult to it is logical to solve broadband array antenna
The problem of road calibration of amplitude and phase process takes a long time, provide one kind can quickly calibrated wideband channel, reduce channel calibration occupy
Time, promoted channel calibration control robustness array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system.
Above-mentioned purpose of the invention can be achieved by following technical proposals: a kind of array antenna wideband channel is simultaneously
Row calibration system, comprising: array antenna wideband channel calibrates work through coupler/switch unit switching control array antenna system
The external radio frequency part of operation mode and normal work isotype, includes number at the internal radio frequency part containing system control unit
Processing is with the digital processing element of storage unit and with local oscillator, the public system equipment of power supply, it is characterised in that: in system control
The calibration signal generation unit for the array antenna that is connected, internal radio frequency part phase are equipped between unit processed and coupler/switch unit
Even public system equipment, external radio frequency part is by the connected digital processing element in internal radio frequency part, to form array antenna
Wideband channel parallel calibration system, under system control unit control, array antenna system is in calibration mode of operation, together
When, calibration signal generation unit generate calibration signal, calibration signal by coupler/switch unit by calibration signal coupling and/
Or it is switched in the multiplexer channel of array antenna；System control unit carries out primary calibration signal and generates control, and is appointed with array
It anticipates reference channel of the channel as benchmark, by the received calibration signal of multiplexer channel and the received calibration signal of reference channel
Be compared, calculate remaining each channel with respect to reference channel the amplitude and phase relative value on all corresponding frequency points, i.e., it is logical
Then calculated channel calibration factor is stored in the memory of digital processing element by road calibration factor；In digital processing
In unit, digital signal processor DSP or on-site programmable gate array FPGA execute the measurement of amplitude and phase relative value, obtain frequency
The calibration factor of the corresponding wideband channel amplitude phase unbalance of frequency in point set.
A kind of array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration method has following technical characteristic: comprising for switching control
The calibration mode of operation of array antenna system processed and system control unit, the array antenna, calibration signal for working normally isotype
In the array antenna system of generation unit, external radio frequency part, internal radio frequency part and digital processing and storage unit, in system
Under control unit control, array antenna system is in calibration mode of operation, meanwhile, calibration signal generation unit generates calibration letter
Number, calibration signal is coupled in the multipath reception channel of array antenna by coupler, or battle array is switched to by switch unit
In the multipath reception channel of array antenna, the received calibration signal of multiplexer channel and the received calibration signal of reference channel are compared
Compared with calculating channel calibration factor, and flash memory FLASH or the random access memory ram etc. that are stored in digital processing element are deposited
In reservoir.Wherein, the duration that calibration signal generates, parallel school while being taken by system according to calibration generation unit is estimated
Quasi- frequency point sets and Significance factors, calculating carry out channel different frequent points to calibrate the required calibration signal duration,
Maximum duration value in the calibration signal duration needed for selecting all frequency points, the duration generated as calibration signal
Value lower limit.After completing channel calibration, system control unit control system enters normal mode of operation, and system reads storage
Channel calibration factor compensates the digital signal of reception or transmitting under array antenna system worked well mode, completes
The corresponding function of array antenna system.Such as, radio direction-finding system, using Multiple Signal Classification MUSIC algorithm, one kind being based on array
The high-resolution direction finding algorithm of antenna system calculates auto-correlation coefficient using the digital signal in multiple channels after compensation for calibrating errors,
Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out, by extracting noise subspace, spectral function is constructed, calculates the spectral function peak value size of different directions, lead to
Cross the incident angle for comparing and obtaining extraneous radiation target.
Beneficial effect
The present invention has the advantages that compared with the prior art.
It being capable of quickly calibrated wideband channel.The present invention is equipped between system control unit and coupler/switch unit
Be connected the calibration signal generation unit of array antenna, and internal radio frequency part is connected public system equipment, and external radio frequency part passes through
Internal radio frequency part is connected digital processing element, can provide the effective range of calibration signal duration, system control unit with
Reference channel of any one channel of array as benchmark, by the received calibration signal of multiplexer channel and the received school of reference channel
Calibration signal is compared, and calculates calibration factor of remaining each channel with respect to reference channel on all corresponding frequency points, realization pair
Array antenna system wideband channel it is quickly calibrated.
Channel prover time can be effectively reduced.The present invention precalculates calibration signal using calibration signal generation unit and continues
Time size generates the calibration signal containing frequency in corresponding frequency point sets, in digital processing element, digital signal processor
DSP or on-site programmable gate array FPGA to multiple channel digital signals received calibration signal of same time multiple frequency points
Amplitude and phase matching measurement is carried out simultaneously, obtains the corresponding wideband channel calibration factor of frequency in frequency point sets.Relatively
In conventional calibration methods primary calibration only with the calibration signal of single frequency point, and sequence changes the channel calibrating mode of frequency point,
The present invention significantly reduces array antenna wideband channel is calibrated the time required to, can lifting system work normally it is effective
Time.
The robustness of channel calibration control can be promoted.The present invention is continued using system control unit by the calibration signal calculated
Time control is generated primary calibration signal and is received multiplexer channel using any one channel of array as the reference channel of benchmark
Calibration signal be compared with the received calibration signal of reference channel, calculate remaining each channel with respect to reference channel in institute
Have amplitude and phase relative value (calibration factor) on corresponding frequency point, can be completed realize it is to multiple frequency points of wideband channel and
Row calibration, reduce calibration control number, convenient for calibration control realization, also can lifting system calibration control robustness.
The calibration signal duration is by system according to the estimated multiple while parallel calibration frequency taken of calibration generation unit
The set and Significance factors size of point are calculated and are obtained when calibrate required calibration signal for different frequent points and continuing
Between, and select maximum duration value in the calibration signal duration, the calibration signal as the method for the present invention generate it is lasting when
Between value lower limit.Compared to other calibration methods using empirical value as the calibration signal duration, the method for the present invention is more
With scientific basis.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the composition schematic diagram of array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the wideband channel parallel calibration embodiment flow chart for panoramic receiver system array antenna system.
Fig. 4 is array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration cyclic flow graph.
Fig. 5 is phase alignment precision simulation schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is amplitude calibration precision simulation schematic diagram of the present invention.
In order to sufficiently illustrate the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention carry out into
One step is described in detail.It should be appreciated that specific implementation use-case disclosed below is for explaining only the invention, it is not used to limit this
The protection scope of invention.After reading contents of the present invention, the related personnel such as art technology can make the present invention each
Kind change or modification.
Specific embodiment
Refering to fig. 1.In the embodiment described below, array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system, contains array
Antenna wideband channel is through the moulds such as coupler/switch unit switching control array antenna system calibration mode of operation and normal work
The external radio frequency part of formula, the internal radio frequency part containing system control unit, the number containing digital processing and storage unit
Processing part and the public system equipment with local oscillator and power supply, and between system control unit and coupler/switch unit
Calibration signal generation unit equipped with connected array antenna, external radio frequency part pass through the connected digital processing list in internal radio frequency part
Member, to form array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system.Digital processes point including digital signal processor DSP,
On-site programmable gate array FPGA and storage unit, storage unit include: the corresponding flash memory FLASH of digital signal processor DSP
Or random access memory ram, the numerical calculations such as the corresponding flash memory FLASH of on-site programmable gate array FPGA or random access memory ram
Handle storage unit.External radio frequency part specifically includes that array antenna wideband channel coupler in sequential series/switch list
Member, amplifier/power amplifier and radio frequency selector, array antenna wideband channel are mutually linked by calibration signal generation unit
System control unit.In amplifier/power amplifier, amplifier receiving array antenna signal, power amplifier emission array day
Line signal, system control unit switch over amplifier/power amplifier by coupler/switch unit switch.Inside is penetrated
Frequency part mainly includes the units such as pre-selector, frequency conversion, analog-to-digital conversion.Internal radio frequency part specifically includes that radio frequency selector simultaneously
Row connected converter unit, pre-selector, analog-to-digital conversion unit and analog-to-digital conversion unit in sequential series is connected number parallel
The radio frequency analog signal of channel reception is converted to digital signal when receiving signal by processing unit, analog-to-digital conversion unit, and
The digital signal that radio system generates is converted to analog signal and is respectively fed to amplifier/power amplifier for receiving and sending out
It penetrates.
Array antenna system carries out channel calibration process, i.e. system control before carrying out signal reception and transmitting work first
Unit control system processed enters calibration mode of operation, after array antenna system completes channel calibration process, system control unit
Control array antenna system enters normal mode of operation, is received and emitted work.
When extraneous electromagnetic signals respond on array antenna and are formed radiofrequency signal, when into array antenna system, array
Antenna system is under system control unit control, coupler that received radiofrequency signal is successively passed through in external radio frequency part/open
Amplifier amplification in pass unit, amplifier/power amplifier, is sent into radio frequency selector, and radio frequency selector selection needs to receive
External signal where frequency range；The radiofrequency signal of radio frequency selector selection carries out frequency range pre-selection by internal radio frequency Partial Receiver
It is intermediate frequency or baseband signal that converter unit frequency-conversion processing is sent into after selecting, and completes intermediate-freuqncy signal via AD conversion unit or base band is believed
Number from the conversion of analog to digital, the process resources such as digital signal processor DSP, on-site programmable gate array FPGA are recycled,
The processing such as array signal processing algorithm is carried out, and system related data is provided in the storages such as random access memory ram or flash memory FLASH
It is stored in source, or is sent directly to display；On the other hand, digital signal processor DSP, field programmable gate array
The digital baseband signal of generation is sent to AD conversion unit by FPGA, the conversion of digital to analogy signal is carried out, by formation
Analog baseband signal forms radiofrequency signal by converter unit frequency conversion, through by amplifier/power after selecting by radio frequency selector
Power amplifier in amplifier amplifies, and is sent into the radiation that array antenna completes signal by coupler/switch unit.
Under system control unit control, array antenna system is in calibration mode of operation, meanwhile, calibration signal generates single
Member generates calibration signal, and calibration signal is coupled and/or be switched to array antenna by coupler/switch unit by calibration signal
In multipath reception channel；System control unit carry out primary calibration signal generate control, and using any one channel of array as
The received calibration signal of multiplexer channel is compared by the reference channel of benchmark with the received calibration signal of reference channel, is calculated
Out remaining each channel with respect to reference channel amplitude and phase relative value, i.e. channel calibration factor on all corresponding frequency points, so
Calculated channel calibration factor is stored in the memory of digital processing element afterwards；In digital processing element, number letter
Number processor DSP and/or on-site programmable gate array FPGA execute the measurement of amplitude and phase relative value, obtain in frequency point sets
The calibration factor of the corresponding wideband channel amplitude phase unbalance of frequency.
When array antenna system work is in calibration mode of operation, system control unit is closed by coupler/switch unit
Closed array antenna external signal receives and the external emission switch of switch unit, opens calibration signal generation unit, and calibration signal is raw
Calibration signal is generated according to the calibration information such as frequency point sets and duration at unit, the calibration signal of generation is passed through into coupler
It is coupled in array antenna channel or by switch unit switching into array antenna channel, calibration signal is by amplification
Amplifier in device/power amplifier amplifies, and after the frequency range via radio frequency selector selection calibration signal, sequentially enters receiver
It is preselected that reception is completed in internal radio frequency unit, then form intermediate frequency or baseband signal through converter unit frequency-conversion processing, and pass through mould
Number converting unit converting analogues are to digital signal, at digital signal processor DSP and/or on-site programmable gate array FPGA number
It manages unit and carries out amplitude and phase matching measurement in received multiple channel digital signals of same time, obtain in frequency point sets
The corresponding wideband channel amplitude phase unbalance of frequency calibration factor, calibration factor is stored, for system in normal work
As when carry out compensation data.
The calibration signal is made of multiple frequency point signal components, and the amplitude requirement of each signal component is consistent, by calibrating
Signal generation unit generates and enters array antenna received channel simultaneously, is used for the multiple frequency points of subsequent parallel calibration.
In array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration, calibration signal generation unit is to wideband channel frequency range to be calibrated
It is divided, forms L narrowband slice after division.The centre frequency of each narrowband slice is respectively f1,f2,...,fL, it is denoted as frequency
Rate set { f1,f2,...,fL}；Calibration signal unit constructs corresponding sine with the centre frequency set of narrowband slice after dividing
The inapparent narrow band signal of group delay in wave and/or cosine wave and any receiving channel, as array channel calibration signal x (t).
The calibration signal of construction is expressed asIn formula, A is calibration signal amplitude, and L is Frequency point number, φlFor
The initial phase of first of sine wave or cosine wave, j are imaginary unit.
Calibration signal is coupled into array antenna received channel using coupler or passes through switch list by system control unit
The mode of first switching is injected into array antenna received channel；AD conversion unit is by carrying out array antenna channel signal
Sampling completes analog-to-digital conversion, to obtain the digital signal X of array receivedMN, wherein M is array antenna array number, and N is sampling
Points.Digital processing element utilize received digital signal, calculate each channel relative to reference channel different frequent points width
All channel calibration factors are sent into storage unit and stored, used by the channel calibration factor that degree and phase relative value are constituted
Reception or transmitting compensated digital signal when array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system worked well.
Centre frequency and generation calibration signal duration requirement of the calibration signal generation unit for each narrow-band, construction life
At calibration signal, the calculation method that centre frequency and generation calibration signal duration for each narrow-band require, by such as lower section
Method carries out:
Calibration signal generation unit calculates the calibration reference signal of the centre frequency of k-th of narrow-bandAnd to school
The calibration signal being arranged in calibration signal generation unit removes reference signal yk(t) residual components outside corresponding signal componentBetween cross-correlation coefficient rk, and
In the sample duration T=τ of calibration signal2-τ1It is interior, cross-correlation coefficient rkAmplitude be about
Wherein, | | g | | indicate the amplitude of plural number, | g | the absolute value for indicating number, in formula, τ1To sample initial time, τ2For sampling
End time, ykFor the calibration reference signal of k-th of frequency point, xrFor residual components, t is time variable, (g)*Indicate ykPlural number
Complex conjugate.
Cross-correlation function rkMeet
||rk||≤δ (2)
Wherein, δ is defined as Significance factors, takes δ≤0.01.δ can carry out appropriate adjustment according to system requirements.
According to formula (1) and (2), can obtain sampling duration T is
I.e. in the calibration process of array antenna channel, the duration that calibration signal generates is not less than above-mentioned value T.
Centre frequency set { the f for the narrow-band that calibration generation unit is taken1,f2,...,fLAnd Significance factors it is big
It is small, selection sampling duration { T1,T2,...,TLIn maximum value T, as calibration signal generate the duration value lower limit, it is right
Frequency point TkThe calibration signal duration calibrated calculates different sampling duration Tk, k=1,2 ..., L；It will using coupler
Calibration signal is coupled into array antenna received channel, or array antenna received channel is injected by way of switching；
The reception signal in each channel of array antenna is sampled, analog-to-digital conversion is completed, obtains array received digital signal XMN。
Digital processing element successively takes the individual antenna channel data x in digital signalm, by Fourier transformation or quick Fu
Leaf transformation obtains m-th of antenna channels xmFrequency domain information Xm, the frequency point sets { f of foundation calibration signal1,f2,...,fL, pass through
AD controlling of sampling obtains XmX is obtained in the estimated value of corresponding frequency point or by interpolation methodmIn the estimated value of corresponding frequency point, and
Calculate the amplitude { A at corresponding frequency pointm1,Am2,...,AmLAnd phase valueThat is calibration factor.
It is logical with respect to this to calculate remaining each channel using the data in any one channel of array as benchmark for digital processing element
Road amplitude and phase relative value on corresponding frequency point.On the basis of the antenna channels for such as taking serial number 1, the antenna channels of serial number m
In frequency point f1The amplitude and phase relative value of antenna channels relative to serial number 1 are as follows:
System stores channel calibration factor into random access memory ram or flash memory FLASH, reads simultaneously when for working normally
For receiving or emitting the channel compensation of digital signal.
The present invention also provides a kind of calculation methods for calculating each channel amplitude phase relative value, comprising the following steps:
Digital processing element constructs frequency point f in digital processinglCorresponding sine wave and/or cosine wave and arbitrarily receive it is logical
The inapparent digital narrowband signal collection of group delay in roadAs calibration reference signal, l=1,2 ... L；
Digital processing element takes the data x in m-th of antenna channelsm, calculate ylWith xmCross-correlation function, and search for obtain mutually
The peak value of correlation function.Digital processing element obtains range value by carrying out modulus to peak-dataBy to acquisition peak
Value Data carries out seeking phase, obtains phase valueRange valueAnd phase valueAs m-th of antenna channels in frequency point fl
The calibration factor of calibration.
Digital processing element is taken while constructing all centre frequency set { f1,f2,...,fLCorresponding calibration reference signal collection
Close { y1,y2,...,yLMode, and calibration factor calculating is carried out to L centre frequency of all M antenna channels simultaneously
Method realizes the parallel calibration to array antenna wideband channel, obtains array antenna wideband channel calibration factorWherein, l=1,2 ... L, m=1,2 ..., M.
Refering to Fig. 2.In array wideband channel parallel calibration provided in this embodiment, calibration process is calibrated first
The initialization that signal generates, i.e., according to centre frequency set { f1,f2,...,fLGenerate the calibration signal for specifying the duration；It connects
, calibration signal is coupled into injection or switching to calibrated channel.Calibration signal carries out analog-to-digital conversion by receiving channel, and
Pass through digital processing element data acquisition.Digital processing element calculates calibration factor according to the calibration signal data of acquisition；
Finally, storing channel calibration factor in digital processing element, reads and use when system worked well.
In array antenna channel after calibration process, system control unit control system enters normal mode of operation, is
The calibration factor stored according to digital processing element of uniting compensates array antenna received or transmitting data.
Refering to Fig. 3.In one special case of system shown in Fig. 1, panoramic receiver system array antenna system passes through multiple
The mode for changing local frequency covers the band of operation of array antenna system with the relatively narrow panoramic receiver of bandwidth,
Complete function of the corresponding system in entire band of operation.As the band of operation of phased array antenna system is much larger than phase
Control the receiver bandwidth of array antenna system.The calibration of panoramic receiver system array antenna system, first by the method for the invention,
The corresponding system channel frequency band of receiver single-coverage bandwidth is calibrated when to fixed local oscillator.Its calibration process is consistent with Fig. 2.
When after the completion, system control unit adjusts receiver local frequency, to the progress channel calibration of system channel next frequency range.
After system completes the calibration of all working bands, that is, complete the calibration of full working frequency range.At this point, system control unit
It controls calibration signal generation unit and stops calibration signal generation, memory channel calibration factor, process is calibrated in ends with system channel.
Refering to Fig. 4.In the channel period calibration process of array antenna, the calibration process to channel amplitude phase unbalance includes
Calibration signal in Fig. 2 generates initialization, and calibration signal coupling injection or switching enter channel, and receiving channel data are adopted
Collection extracts channel calibration factor, stops in the Overall Steps or Fig. 3 that calibration signal generates and channel width phase data stores
Calibration signal generates the Overall Steps for being initialised to the storage of channel width phase data.After the completion of the calibration of channel amplitude phase unbalance, it is
System control unit control system enters normal mode of operation, carries out calibration factor benefit to the digital signal of channel reception or transmitting
It repays, executes array signal processing and realize corresponding function.It is greater than or equal to channel school when the time that systems stay is worked normally
When paracycle, control system carries out calibration mode of operation again, carries out channel calibration of amplitude and phase.It repeats the above process, until receiving
The instruction that manual control issues, ends with system works normally and calibration process.
Refering to Fig. 5, Fig. 6.In channel parallel calibration method performance simulation, array antenna is made of 2 antennas.Calibration letter
Number by 10 different frequencies etc. the superposition of amplitudes sinusoidal signal form.After calibration signal enters channel, each frequency point introduces different
Random magnitude and random phase and noise.When the signal-to-noise ratio for receiving signal transforms to 30dB from 10dB, using the side
The performance for the channel sensor gain and phase uncertainties calibration result that method obtains is as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.Calibration performance is by the phase and width after calibrating
The root-mean-square error for spending relative value is measured.Simulation result includes the root-mean-square error carried out after calibration of amplitude and phase to the single frequency point in channel
And the root-mean-square error after calibration of amplitude and phase is carried out to all frequency points of two antennas.Due to being generated using the superposition of multiple sinusoidal signals
Meet the school phase signals of calibration signal duration requirement, therefore calibration signal generates and injection only needs to carry out once, to be not required to
Sequentially to change calibration signal frequency and repeatedly carry out calibration signal injection and sampling, and then reduce when always continuing of calibration signal
Between.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system, comprising: array antenna wideband channel is through coupler/switch
System control is contained in the external radio frequency part of unit switching control array antenna system calibration mode of operation and normal work isotype
The internal radio frequency part of unit processed, the digital processing element for including digital processing and storage unit and with local oscillator, the public affairs of power supply
System equipment altogether, it is characterised in that: the school for the array antenna that is connected is equipped between system control unit and coupler/switch unit
Calibration signal generation unit, internal radio frequency part are connected public system equipment, and external radio frequency part is connected by internal radio frequency part
Digital processing element, so that array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system is formed, under system control unit control, array
Antenna system is in calibration mode of operation, meanwhile, calibration signal generation unit generates calibration signal, and calibration signal passes through coupling
Calibration signal is coupled and/or is switched in the multiplexer channel of array antenna by device/switch unit；System control unit carries out primary
Calibration signal generates control, and using any one channel of array as the reference channel of benchmark, by the received calibration of multiplexer channel
Signal is compared with the received calibration signal of reference channel, calculates remaining each channel with respect to reference channel in all correspondences
Then calculated channel calibration factor is stored in digital place by amplitude and phase relative value on frequency point, i.e. channel calibration factor
In the memory for managing unit；In digital processing element, digital signal processor DSP or on-site programmable gate array FPGA are executed
The measurement of amplitude and phase relative value, obtains the calibration system of the corresponding wideband channel amplitude phase unbalance of frequency in frequency point sets
Number.
2. array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: digital processing part
Including digital signal processor DSP, on-site programmable gate array FPGA and storage unit, storage unit includes: at digital signal
Manage the corresponding flash memory FLASH of device DSP or random access memory ram, the corresponding flash memory FLASH of on-site programmable gate array FPGA or with
Machine memory RAM numerical calculation handles storage unit.
3. array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: external radio frequency part
Specifically include that array antenna wideband channel coupler/switch unit in sequential series, amplifier/power amplifier and radio frequency
Selector, array antenna wideband channel pass through calibration signal generation unit connected systems control unit.
4. array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in amplifier/function
In rate amplifier, amplifier receiving array antenna signal, power amplifier transmitting array antenna signal, system control unit passes through
Coupler/switch unit switch switches over amplifier/power amplifier.
5. array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: internal radio frequency part
Specifically include that radio frequency selector parallel converter unit, pre-selector, analog-to-digital conversion unit and analog-to-digital conversion list in sequential series
First parallel concatenated digital processing element, analog-to-digital conversion unit turn the radio frequency analog signal of channel reception when receiving signal
It is changed to the digital signal that digital signal and radio system generate and is converted to analog signal and is respectively fed to amplifier/power and put
Big device is for receiving and emitting.
6. array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: when external electromagnetic is believed
Number radiofrequency signal is responded and formed on array antenna, when into array antenna system, array antenna system controls single in system
Under member control, received radiofrequency signal is successively put by coupler/switch unit, the amplifier/power in external radio frequency part
Amplifier amplification in big device, is sent into radio frequency selector, and radio frequency selector selection needs frequency range where received external signal；It penetrates
The radiofrequency signal of frequency selector selection carries out being sent into converter unit frequency conversion after frequency range is preselected by internal radio frequency Partial Receiver
Processing is intermediate frequency or baseband signal, completes intermediate-freuqncy signal or baseband signal via AD conversion unit and turns from analog to digital
It changes, recycles digital signal processor DSP, on-site programmable gate array FPGA to carry out array signal processing algorithm process, and will
System related data is stored in the storage resources such as random access memory ram or flash memory FLASH, or is sent directly to show
Device.
7. array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: Digital Signal Processing
The digital baseband signal of generation is sent to AD conversion unit by device DSP, on-site programmable gate array FPGA, is carried out number and is arrived mould
The analog baseband signal of formation is formed radiofrequency signal by converter unit frequency conversion, passes through radio frequency selector by the conversion of quasi- signal
It is amplified after selection by the power amplifier in amplifier/power amplifier, and is sent into battle array by coupler/switch unit
The radiation of array antenna completion signal.
8. array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: array antenna wideband
In the parallel calibration of tape channel, calibration signal generation unit divides wideband channel frequency range to be calibrated, and L are formed after division
Narrowband slice.The centre frequency of each narrowband slice is respectively f1,f2,...,fL, it is denoted as frequency sets { f1,f2,...,fL}；School
Calibration signal unit constructs corresponding sine wave and/or cosine wave with the centre frequency set of narrowband slice after dividing and any receives
The inapparent narrow band signal of group delay in channel, as array channel calibration signal x (t).
9. array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: system control unit
Calibration signal is coupled into array antenna received channel by coupler or is injected in the way of switch unit switching
To array antenna received channel；AD conversion unit is by sampling array antenna channel signal, completion analog-to-digital conversion, from
And obtain the digital signal X of array receivedMN, wherein M is array antenna array number, and N is sampling number.
10. array antenna wideband channel parallel calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: digital processing list
Member utilize received digital signal, calculate each channel relative to reference channel different frequent points amplitude and phase relative value structure
At channel calibration factor, all channel calibration factor is sent into storage unit and is stored, array antenna broadband is used for
Reception or transmitting compensated digital signal when channel parallel calibration system works normally.
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