CN112051532A - Intermediate frequency calibration method based on vector network analyzer - Google Patents

Intermediate frequency calibration method based on vector network analyzer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112051532A
CN112051532A CN202010770038.2A CN202010770038A CN112051532A CN 112051532 A CN112051532 A CN 112051532A CN 202010770038 A CN202010770038 A CN 202010770038A CN 112051532 A CN112051532 A CN 112051532A
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intermediate frequency
frequency
network analyzer
vector network
calibration
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刘丹
袁国平
李树彪
郭永瑞
杨明飞
曹志英
李明太
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China Electronics Technology Instruments Co Ltd CETI
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China Electronics Technology Instruments Co Ltd CETI
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • G01R35/005Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references

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Abstract

The invention discloses a medium-frequency calibration method based on a vector network analyzer, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a frequency sweep intermediate frequency signal in a bandwidth; obtaining correct amplitude-phase characteristics; calculating an intermediate frequency calibration error term; compensating the intermediate frequency signal; the calibration results are stored. Controlling flatness characteristics and phase characteristics of an intermediate frequency channel and consistency design among intermediate frequencies of different ports on hardware design by utilizing characteristics of a vector network analyzer excitation source and a receiver which are related and independent to each other; in software design, the power and frequency settings of a signal source and a local oscillator of the vector network analyzer are controlled to enable the signal source and the local oscillator to generate intermediate frequency signals with different frequencies through frequency mixing, so that flatness calibration in an effective pass band of the intermediate frequency signals is achieved, and the intermediate frequencies of different ports and different channels are calibrated and corrected.

Description

Intermediate frequency calibration method based on vector network analyzer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vector network analyzer testing, and particularly relates to a vector network analyzer-based intermediate frequency calibration method.
Background
With the development of fifth generation mobile communication, radar and electronic warfare, the testing importance of broadband electronic equipment is increasing, and the improvement of the complexity of the actual working state of the electronic equipment puts more requirements on the testing function of the vector network analyzer. At present, the high-performance vector network analyzer provides an S parameter characteristic test function aiming at complex devices such as an amplifier, a mixer and the like, and on the basis, a user provides a frequency spectrum analysis function needing to be added to a tested piece for many times so as to obtain the frequency response characteristic of the tested piece, thereby facilitating the realization of measuring the comprehensive characterization characteristic of a full parameter at one time. However, the processing mode of the conventional vector network analyzer is a point intermediate frequency mode, that is, an excitation signal source of the vector network analyzer generates an excitation signal with a specified frequency and power, the excitation signal is input to a measured piece, the frequency band of the measurement signal passing through the measured piece may be changed (a frequency conversion device) and may be maintained unchanged (a non-frequency conversion device), the signal enters a receiver of the vector network analyzer again, is mixed with a local oscillator signal to generate an intermediate frequency signal with a fixed frequency, and the intermediate frequency signal enters a digital intermediate frequency processing board of the vector network analyzer to be subjected to digital filtering processing, so as to obtain a final measurement result. The frequency of the if signal is fixed throughout the process, and even though the if signal path may vary depending on the setup of the pump band, what needs to be corrected overall is only the difference between the two paths at a certain fixed frequency.
The current vector network analyzer does not provide an effective passband in-band flatness calibration function of an intermediate frequency channel, and although the flatness of a full-band receiver including an intermediate frequency channel is calibrated by the conventional receiver calibration function, the receiver calibrates the frequency response characteristic of a fixed frequency point of the intermediate frequency channel, so that the calibration of the intermediate frequency channel is not needed. The invention provides an intermediate frequency calibration method based on a vector network analyzer, which utilizes the characteristics of correlation and mutual independence of an excitation source and a receiver of the vector network analyzer to control the flatness characteristic and the phase characteristic of an intermediate frequency channel and the consistency design between intermediate frequencies of different ports on the aspect of hardware design; in software design, the power and frequency settings of a signal source and a local oscillator of the vector network analyzer are controlled to enable the signal source and the local oscillator to generate intermediate frequency signals with different frequencies through frequency mixing, so that flatness calibration in an effective pass band of the intermediate frequency signals is achieved, and the intermediate frequencies of different ports and different channels are calibrated and corrected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intermediate frequency calibration method based on a vector network analyzer, aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the method can realize flatness calibration in an effective passband of an intermediate frequency signal and calibrate and correct the intermediate frequency signal of different ports and different channels.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
step 1: generating a frequency sweep intermediate frequency signal in a required bandwidth by using a frequency offset mode of a vector network analyzer;
step 2: setting digital intermediate frequency firmware according to the intermediate frequency signal to generate a digital DDS signal with the same frequency so as to obtain correct amplitude-phase characteristics;
and step 3: taking the designated frequency point of the intermediate frequency port where the reference signal of the vector network analyzer is located as a reference, normalizing the reference port by the intermediate frequency ports where other intermediate frequency signals are located, and calculating to obtain an intermediate frequency calibration error item;
and 4, step 4: source power calibration and receiver calibration are required before intermediate frequency calibration, and the problem that source power accuracy errors and receiver linearity errors are accumulated in an intermediate frequency passband is avoided;
and 5: compensating the current intermediate frequency signal by using an intermediate frequency calibration error term;
step 6: and storing the calibration result of each channel into a file or firmware, and reading a medium-frequency calibration error item for correction during spectrum analysis.
Preferably, in step 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: resetting the vector network analyzer, setting a frequency sweeping mode, wherein the frequency span is larger than the effective passband range of the intermediate frequency signal to be calibrated;
step 1.2: performing source power calibration and receiver calibration for each port of the vector network analyzer;
step 1.3: and setting the vector network analyzer to be in a frequency deviation state, and setting the receiver to be in a dot frequency mode.
Preferably, in step 2, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: setting digital intermediate frequency firmware according to the intermediate frequency signal to generate a digital DDS signal with the same frequency;
step 2.2: and carrying out digital down-conversion on the digital DDS signal and the intermediate frequency signal to generate two paths of I/Q signals, thereby obtaining the amplitude-phase characteristics under different intermediate frequency.
Preferably, in step 3, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: selecting one intermediate frequency in the amplitude-phase characteristic data result as a reference, and normalizing the reference intermediate frequency signal by other intermediate frequency signals;
step 3.2: the normalized result is stored as an error term for use while awaiting subsequent correction.
Preferably, in step 5, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: during the intermediate frequency correction, linear interpolation or cubic interpolation can be adopted to compensate the intermediate frequency signals processed by an absolute receiver such as a frequency spectrum function;
step 5.2: and correcting the compensated result by the receiver to obtain a correct test result of the frequency spectrum response of the tested piece.
Preferably, the hardware design of the intermediate frequency channel of the vector network analyzer is that an intermediate frequency signal is input from an intermediate frequency port, the intermediate frequency signal is amplified and subjected to direct current conditioning by using an amplifying device for linearly amplifying a full frequency band in a sampling bandwidth, and then enters the anti-aliasing filter 1 or the anti-aliasing filter 2 with a low-pass non-recursive characteristic, and then enters the analog-to-digital converter for digital processing after compensation and amplification.
Preferably, the intermediate frequency signal of one port has two anti-aliasing filters with different passband characteristics, the bandwidth of the anti-aliasing filter is 0.25-0.3 times of the sampling rate of the ADC, the passband attenuation is guaranteed within 3dB, and the out-of-band rejection is below 20 dB.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention utilizes the characteristics of the vector network analyzer that the excitation source and the receiver are related and mutually independent, can carry out calibration without external equipment, utilizes the prior source power and receiver calibration algorithm, can obtain more accurate intermediate frequency calibration results, references multi-port calibration data to a reference channel of a reference port, ensures the consistency of multi-port processing results, and adopts linear interpolation or cubic and other interpolation modes according to intermediate frequency information during correction so as to obtain better correction effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vector network analyzer intermediate frequency processing board channel in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for medium frequency calibration based on a vector network analyzer in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a correspondence relationship between a vector network port and an intermediate frequency port in the method of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
the hardware design flow of the intermediate frequency channel of the vector network analyzer is shown in fig. 1, and intermediate frequency calibration is performed on the basis of the design flow.
The specific process is that an intermediate frequency signal is input from an intermediate frequency port, amplified and subjected to direct current conditioning by an amplifying device for amplifying full-band linear amplification in a sampling bandwidth, enters an anti-aliasing filter 1 or an anti-aliasing filter 2 with low-pass FIR (non-recursive type) characteristics, and enters an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) for digital processing after compensation and amplification. The intermediate frequency signal of one port has two anti-aliasing filters with different passband characteristics, the bandwidth of the anti-aliasing filter is 0.25-0.3 times of the sampling rate of the ADC, passband attenuation is guaranteed to be within 3dB, and out-of-band rejection is below 20 dB. The devices and device states adopted by the whole intermediate frequency channel need to be set, so that the intermediate frequency signal only generates amplitude gain and linear time delay, and crosstalk and nonlinearity are avoided. The device, signal routing and layout among different intermediate frequency ports keep high consistency.
A method for calibrating an intermediate frequency based on a vector network analyzer, as shown in fig. 2, includes the following steps:
step 1: generating a frequency sweep intermediate frequency signal in a required bandwidth by using a frequency offset mode of a vector network analyzer;
step 1 comprises the following substeps:
step 1.1: resetting the vector network analyzer, setting a frequency sweeping mode, wherein the frequency span is larger than the effective passband range of the intermediate frequency signal to be calibrated;
step 1.2: performing source power rate calibration and receiver calibration for each port of the vector network analyzer;
specifically, as shown in fig. 3, for a 2-port vector network analyzer, the scanning frequency range is set to be 2.001GHz to 2.061GHz, and the port 1 and the port 2 are respectively connected to a power meter to perform source power calibration; to obtain more accurate measurement results, a smaller error line, such as 0.01dB, may be set during source power calibration; after calibration of each intermediate frequency port is completed, receiver calibration is performed to obtain receiver calibration data of A and R1, B and R2, respectively. If the calibration adopts the source power and the receiver calibration with mismatch, a more accurate calibration result can be obtained.
Taking a 2-port vector network analyzer as an example, a measurement signal a output by a port 1 of the vector network analyzer is finally received by an intermediate frequency port 1, and a reference signal R1 of the port 1 is received by an intermediate frequency port 3; the measurement signal B output by the vector network analyzer port 2 is received by the if port 2, and its reference signal R2 is received by the if port 4. Therefore, the intermediate frequency port 1 and the intermediate frequency port 3 can be calibrated at the same time during intermediate frequency calibration, and the intermediate frequency port 2 and the intermediate frequency port 4 can be calibrated at the same time. If there is one reference channel of the multi-port measurement channel, then all measurement channels are calibrated simultaneously with this reference channel.
Step 1.3: and setting the vector network analyzer to be in a frequency deviation state, and setting the receiver to be in a dot frequency mode.
Specifically, the 2-port vector network analyzer is modified into a frequency offset mode, a local oscillator is set to be in a dot-frequency non-coupling state, and the frequency is fLOThe signal source of the vector network analyzer is in a frequency sweep mode, and the frequency is from fLO+IF1~fLO+ IFn, IF1 and IFn are the pass band calibration range of the IF channel, which will produce an IF signal at IF 1-IFn. Note that this frequency range is consistent with the range at the time of source power calibration to obtain the best calibration results.
Step 2: setting digital intermediate frequency firmware according to the intermediate frequency signal to generate a digital DDS signal with the same frequency so as to obtain correct amplitude-phase characteristics;
step 2 comprises the following substeps:
step 2.1: setting digital intermediate frequency firmware according to the intermediate frequency signal to generate a digital DDS signal with the same frequency;
step 2.2: the digital DDS signal and the intermediate frequency signal are subjected to down-conversion to generate two paths of I/Q signals, so that the amplitude-phase characteristics under different intermediate frequency are obtained.
Specifically, digital intermediate frequency firmware is set according to the intermediate frequency signals to generate digital DDS signals with the same frequency, the digital DDS signals are mixed with signals with frequencies of IF 1-IFn to generate two paths of I/Q signals, and therefore all amplitude-phase characteristics in an effective passband of the IF 1-IFn signals are obtained.
And step 3: taking the designated frequency point of the intermediate frequency port where the reference signal of the vector network analyzer is located as a reference, normalizing the reference intermediate frequency signal by other intermediate frequency signals, and calculating to obtain an intermediate frequency calibration error item;
step 3.1: and selecting one intermediate frequency in the amplitude-phase characteristic data result as a reference, and normalizing the reference intermediate frequency signal by other intermediate frequency signals.
Specifically, hardware paths of different intermediate frequency ports of the vector network analyzer are different, so that path frequency responses of different ports are different, a reference signal of a port 1 of the 2-port vector network analyzer is R1, a reference signal of a port 2 is R2, and a measurement signal is normalized by taking the reference signal of the port of the network analyzer as a reference during calibration. And if the 7M intermediate frequency is selected as the reference, measuring the normalization value of the intermediate frequency signal to the 7M reference intermediate frequency signal, wherein the obtained result is the calibration result of the current intermediate frequency port and the current intermediate frequency channel.
Step 3.2: the normalized result is stored as an error term for use while awaiting subsequent correction.
And 4, step 4: source power calibration and receiver calibration are required before intermediate frequency calibration, and the problem that source power accuracy errors and receiver linearity errors are accumulated in an intermediate frequency passband is avoided;
and 5: compensating the current intermediate frequency signal by using an intermediate frequency calibration error term;
step 5.1: during the intermediate frequency correction, linear interpolation or cubic interpolation can be adopted to compensate the intermediate frequency signals processed by an absolute receiver such as a frequency spectrum function;
step 5.2: and correcting the compensated result by the receiver to obtain a correct test result of the frequency spectrum response of the tested piece.
Step 6: and storing the calibration result of each channel into a file or firmware, and reading a medium-frequency calibration error item for correction during spectrum analysis.
The above is a complete implementation process of the present embodiment.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A medium frequency calibration method based on a vector network analyzer is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: generating a frequency sweep intermediate frequency signal required in a bandwidth by using a frequency offset mode of a vector network analyzer;
step 2: setting digital intermediate frequency firmware according to the intermediate frequency signal to generate a digital DDS signal with the same frequency so as to obtain correct amplitude-phase characteristics;
and step 3: taking the designated frequency point of the intermediate frequency port where the reference signal of the vector network analyzer is located as a reference, normalizing the reference port by the intermediate frequency ports where other intermediate frequency signals are located, and calculating to obtain an intermediate frequency calibration error item;
and 4, step 4: source power calibration and receiver calibration are required before intermediate frequency calibration, and the problem that source power accuracy errors and receiver linearity errors are accumulated in an intermediate frequency passband is avoided;
and 5: compensating the current intermediate frequency signal by using an intermediate frequency calibration error term;
step 6: and storing the calibration result of each channel into a file or firmware, and reading a medium-frequency calibration error item for correction during spectrum analysis.
2. The intermediate frequency calibration method based on the vector network analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: resetting the vector network analyzer, setting a frequency sweeping mode, wherein the frequency span is larger than the effective passband range of the intermediate frequency signal to be calibrated;
step 1.2: performing source power calibration and receiver calibration for each port of the vector network analyzer;
step 1.3: and setting the vector network analyzer to be in a frequency deviation state, and setting the receiver to be in a dot frequency mode.
3. The intermediate frequency calibration method based on the vector network analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: setting digital intermediate frequency firmware according to the intermediate frequency signal to generate a digital DDS signal with the same frequency;
step 2.2: and carrying out digital down-conversion on the digital DDS signal and the intermediate frequency signal to generate two paths of I/Q signals, thereby obtaining the amplitude-phase characteristics under different intermediate frequency.
4. The intermediate frequency calibration method based on the vector network analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 3, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: selecting one intermediate frequency in the amplitude-phase characteristic data result as a reference, and normalizing the reference intermediate frequency signal by other intermediate frequency signals;
step 3.2: the normalized result is stored as an error term for use while awaiting subsequent correction.
5. The intermediate frequency calibration method based on the vector network analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 5, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: during the intermediate frequency correction, a linear interpolation or cubic interpolation mode can be adopted to compensate the intermediate frequency signal during the processing of the absolute receiver;
step 5.2: and correcting the compensated result by the receiver to obtain a correct test result of the frequency spectrum response of the tested piece.
6. The intermediate frequency calibration method based on the vector network analyzer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hardware design of the intermediate frequency channel of the vector network analyzer is that an intermediate frequency signal is input from an intermediate frequency port, amplified and subjected to direct current conditioning by using an amplifying device for amplifying full-band linear amplification in a sampling bandwidth, enters a low-pass non-recursive anti-aliasing filter 1 or an anti-aliasing filter 2, and enters an analog-to-digital converter for digital processing after compensation and amplification.
CN202010770038.2A 2020-08-04 2020-08-04 Intermediate frequency calibration method based on vector network analyzer Pending CN112051532A (en)

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