CN110144539B - Preparation method of anti-cavitation coating for outer wall of wet cylinder sleeve - Google Patents
Preparation method of anti-cavitation coating for outer wall of wet cylinder sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of cylinder sleeve manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a cavitation erosion resistant coating on the outer wall of a wet cylinder sleeve. The method comprises the following steps: weighing NiTi powder and NiCr-Cr according to a certain mass ratio3C2Powder, ball milling and mixing the powder, and sieving the powder to obtain composite powder; roughening the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve; spraying on the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve in a plasma spraying mode to obtain a spraying NiTi-based composite coating; aiming a wet shot blasting spray gun at a spraying state coating area, driving a mixture of water and ceramic pellets by compressed air, and spraying the mixture to the surface of the spraying state coating after the mixture reaches a high speed; cleaning and drying the surface of the workpiece after wet shot blasting treatment to obtain a compact NiTi-based composite coating; and turning the compact NiTi-based composite coating. The invention uses the wet shot blasting method to strengthen the sprayed coating, effectively reduces the porosity of the coating and solves the problem of the reduction of the cavitation resistance of the atmospheric plasma sprayed coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of diesel engine cylinder liners, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a cavitation erosion resistant coating on the outer wall of a wet cylinder liner.
Background
With the development of heavy-duty diesel engines, wet cylinder liners are increasingly used. The cooling water contacts with the outer wall of a wet cylinder sleeve of a diesel engine to easily cause cavitation damage to the cylinder sleeve, so that the air tightness of a combustion chamber is reduced, the oil temperature and the oil consumption are increased, the lubricating performance is reduced, the dynamic economy of the internal combustion engine is seriously reduced, the service life of the internal combustion engine is seriously influenced, even serious accidents are caused, and the problem to be solved urgently in the design, manufacture, operation and maintenance work of the cylinder sleeve is solved.
The atmospheric plasma spraying technology is an important coating preparation technology, and is plasma generated by high-strength direct current electric arc or high-frequency induction coupling discharge, pulse discharge, alternating current electric arc, shock wave discharge, wire explosion and the like. The powder is fed into plasma arc flame flow and heated to a melting or semi-melting state, so that the metal powder and the ceramic powder are fully melted, then the melted metal powder and the ceramic powder are sprayed on the surface of a matrix at a high speed, and the required alloy ceramic coating is prepared through rapid cooling.
At present, the method for improving the cavitation corrosion performance of the cylinder sleeve mainly adds additives into cooling water, improves the structure of the cylinder sleeve or utilizes a surface engineering technology to prepare a coating to improve the cavitation corrosion performance. CN86107144 relates to a multifunctional additive for anti-cavitation, anti-galvanic corrosion and scale reduction of internal combustion engine circulating cooling water. CN101057070 invented a wet cylinder liner with surface texture for diesel engine to prevent corrosion caused by cavitation. The texture of the surface of the cylinder liner can be formed into a manganese phosphate coating, and the manganese phosphate coating and the natural adhesive force and the surface tension in the cooling liquid act together to generate a stagnant liquid layer on the outer surface of the cylinder liner, so that when cavitation bubbles are broken, kinetic energy of the cavitation bubbles is exhausted in the stagnant liquid layer and does not act on the outer surface of the cylinder liner. CN104481718A discloses a wet-type cavitation erosion resistant cylinder sleeve, axially extending water cavity grooves are processed on the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder sleeve body at equal radian intervals, reinforcing ribs capable of reinforcing the rigidity of the cylinder sleeve body are formed between two adjacent water cavity grooves, the water cavity grooves and an engine cylinder body are matched to form a plurality of longitudinal cooling water cavities uniformly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder sleeve body, the rigidity of the cylinder sleeve body is greatly increased, the cylinder sleeve is enabled to deform little during lateral impact of a piston, vibration is small, cavitation erosion of the cylinder sleeve is effectively prevented, and the service life of the cylinder sleeve is prolonged. CN107130202A discloses a preparation method of a cavitation-resistant ceramic matrix composite coating, which comprises the steps of firstly spraying a metal transition layer and a ceramic coating on a metal substrate in sequence by using atmospheric plasma spraying equipment, and then carrying out hole sealing treatment on the surface of the sprayed ceramic coating by using resin.
The method can improve the cavitation resistance of the cylinder sleeve to a certain extent, but has some problems: the additive in the cooling water is not easy to recover, and the environment is polluted; the improved cylinder sleeve has long structure period and high cost; the thermal spraying technology can be used for preparing the cavitation erosion resistant coating, but the coating has certain pores, the surface of the coating needs hole sealing treatment, and once the hole sealing agent is completely consumed, the cavitation erosion resistant performance of the coating is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of an anti-cavitation coating on the outer wall of a wet cylinder sleeve.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a wet cylinder sleeve outer wall anti-cavitation coating is characterized in that plasma spraying is adopted to spray the outer wall of a wet cylinder sleeve to obtain a spraying state NiTi-based composite coating, wet shot blasting is adopted to drive a mixture of water and ceramic balls through compressed air, the mixture is sprayed to the surface of the spraying state coating after reaching a high speed, and the mixture is tamped to obtain a compact NiTi-based composite coating.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing NiTi powder and NiCr-Cr according to a certain mass ratio3C2Powder is ball-milled, mixed, sieved and dried;
(2) cleaning and drying the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve, and performing sand blasting and coarsening treatment by adopting brown corundum;
(3) spraying composite powder on the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve by adopting plasma spraying to obtain a spraying NiTi-based composite coating;
(4) aligning a wet shot blasting spray gun to a spraying state coating area, driving a mixture of water and ceramic balls through compressed air, spraying the mixture to the surface of the spraying state coating after the mixture reaches a high speed, and tamping to obtain a compact NiTi-based composite coating;
(5) cleaning the surface of the workpiece after wet shot blasting treatment, removing ceramic shot residues on the surface of the workpiece, cleaning and drying to obtain a compact NiTi-based composite coating;
(6) and turning the compact NiTi-based composite coating, wherein the surface roughness of the turned coating is Ra 0.8-1.6.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) according to the method, the NiTi-based composite coating is prepared on the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve by using an atmospheric plasma spraying process, and then the sprayed coating is subjected to strengthening treatment by using a wet shot blasting method, so that the surface layer of the coating is tamped, the porosity of the coating is obviously reduced, and the cavitation resistance of the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve is obviously improved.
(2) The spraying powder adopted by the application is NiTi powder and NiCr-Cr powder3C2Powder, i.e. NiCr-75% Cr added to NiTi alloy powder with good anti-cavitation property3C2The metal ceramic powder can utilize the super elasticity of the NiTi alloy and the reinforcement of the ceramic relative to the NiTi matrix, and the formed coating obviously improves the cavitation resistance of the NiTi coating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope cross-sectional morphology view of a NiTi-based composite coating in a spray state in example 1.
FIG. 2 XRD analysis of example 1 NiTi-based composite coatings.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a preparation method of a cavitation erosion resistant coating on the outer wall of a wet cylinder sleeve, which comprises the following steps: weighing NiTi powder and NiCr-Cr according to a certain mass ratio3C2Powder, ball milling and mixing the powder, and sieving the powder to obtain composite powder; cleaning and drying the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve, and performing sand blasting and coarsening treatment by adopting brown corundum; spraying on the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve in an atmosphere plasma spraying mode to obtain a spraying NiTi-based composite coating; aiming a wet shot blasting spray gun at a spraying state coating area, driving a mixture of water and ceramic pellets by compressed air, and spraying the mixture to the surface of the spraying state coating after the mixture reaches a high speed; cleaning and drying the surface of the workpiece after wet shot blasting treatment to obtain a compact NiTi-based composite coating; and turning the compact NiTi-based composite coating. The NiTi-based composite coating not only utilizes the superelasticity of NiTi powder, but also utilizes a ceramic phase to enhance the hardness of the coating, thereby being beneficial to improving the cavitation resistance of the coating.
Example 1
The preparation method of the anti-cavitation coating on the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve comprises the following steps:
1. weighing NiTi powder and NiCr-Cr according to the mass ratio of 1:13C2Ball-milling and mixing the powder, sieving the powder to obtain composite powder with the particle size range of 45-74 mu m, and drying the composite powder in an oven at 80 ℃ for 2 hours for later use;
2. cleaning and drying the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve, and performing brown corundum sand blasting coarsening treatment, wherein the surface roughness after the coarsening treatment is Ra 8.0-10.0;
3. and spraying composite powder on the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying method to obtain the NiTi-based composite coating in a spraying state, wherein the specific method is to put the dried composite powder into a powder feeder, and the powder feeding speed is 18.2 g/min. The current was adjusted to 517A, the voltage was 55.8V, the argon flow rate was 50L/min, the hydrogen flow rate was 3L/min, the spray distance was 120mm, the gun translation speed was 200mm/s, and the spray repetition was 5 times.
4. And aligning a wet shot blasting spray gun to a spraying state coating area, driving a mixture of water and ceramic balls through compressed air, spraying the mixture to the surface of the spraying state coating after the mixture reaches a high speed, and tamping to obtain the compact NiTi-based composite coating. The wet shot blasting process parameters are as follows: the outlet pressure of the compressed air was 0.5MPa, the shot blasting distance was 80mm, the mass fraction of water in the mixture of water and ceramic shots was 10%, the blasting angle was 90 °, and the wet shot coverage was 100.
5. The cross-sectional morphology of the prepared NiTi-based composite coating in a spraying state is observed by a scanning electron microscope, and as shown in figure 1, the coating is well combined with a substrate, the coating has a typical layered structure, and the thickness of the coating is about 200 mu m.
6. XRD analysis of the phase composition of the prepared NiTi-based composite coating shows that the coating mainly has a NiTi phase and NiCrO phase as shown in figure 24Phase and Cr7C3And (4) phase(s).
7. The hardness of the prepared NiTi-based composite coating in a spraying state is tested, and the hardness of the coating is HV0.1The Vickers hardness can reach 668.
8. Carrying out a magnetostriction cavitation test on the prepared NiTi-based composite coating, wherein the sample is a wafer with the diameter phi of 16mm, the amplitude is 60-70 mu m, the frequency is 20kHz, the water temperature is 25 ℃, the distance between the sample and an amplitude head is 0.2mm, the cavitation time is 9 hours, the cumulative weight loss of the NiTi-based composite coating in a spraying state is 2.3mg, and the cumulative weight loss of the NiTi-based composite coating compacted by wet shot blasting is 1.8 mg.
Example 2
The preparation method of the anti-cavitation coating on the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve comprises the following steps:
1. weighing NiTi powder and NiCr-Cr according to the mass ratio of 1:13C2Ball-milling and mixing the powder, sieving the powder to obtain composite powder with the particle size range of 45-74 mu m, and drying the composite powder in an oven at 80 ℃ for 2 hours for later use;
2. cleaning and drying the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve, and performing brown corundum sand blasting coarsening treatment, wherein the surface roughness after the coarsening treatment is Ra 8.0-10.0;
3. and spraying composite powder on the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying method to obtain the NiTi-based composite coating in a spraying state, wherein the specific method is to put the dried composite powder into a powder feeder, and the powder feeding speed is 18.2 g/min. The current was adjusted to 517A, the voltage was 55.8V, the argon flow rate was 50L/min, the hydrogen flow rate was 6L/min, the spray distance was 120mm, the gun translation speed was 200mm/s, and the number of spray repetitions was 5 times.
4. And aligning a wet shot blasting spray gun to a spraying state coating area, driving a mixture of water and ceramic balls through compressed air, spraying the mixture to the surface of the spraying state coating after the mixture reaches a high speed, and tamping to obtain the compact NiTi-based composite coating. The wet shot blasting process parameters are as follows: the outlet pressure of the compressed air was 0.5MPa, the shot blasting distance was 80mm, the mass fraction of water in the mixture of water and ceramic shots was 10%, the blasting angle was 90 °, and the wet shot coverage was 100.
5. The section appearance of the prepared NiTi-based composite coating in a spraying state is observed by a scanning electron microscope, and the coating is well combined with a substrate, the coating has a typical layered structure, and the thickness of the coating is about 200 mu m.
6. XRD analysis is carried out on the prepared NiTi-based composite coating to analyze the phase composition, and the coating mainly contains a NiTi phase and NiCrO4Phase and Cr7C3And (4) phase(s).
7. The hardness of the prepared NiTi-based composite coating in a spraying state is tested, and the hardness of the coating is HV0.1The Vickers hardness can reach 698.
8. Carrying out a magnetostriction cavitation test on the prepared NiTi-based composite coating, wherein the sample is a wafer with the diameter phi of 16mm, the amplitude is 60-70 mu m, the frequency is 20kHz, the water temperature is 25 ℃, the distance between the sample and an amplitude head is 0.2mm, the cavitation time is 9h, the cumulative weight loss of the NiTi-based composite coating in a spraying state is 1.5mg, and the cumulative weight loss of the NiTi-based composite coating compacted by wet shot blasting is 1.2 mg.
The invention uses the wet shot blasting method to strengthen the sprayed coating, effectively reduces the porosity of the coating and solves the problem of the reduction of the cavitation resistance of the atmospheric plasma sprayed coating.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a cavitation erosion resistant coating on the outer wall of a wet cylinder sleeve is characterized in that plasma spraying is adopted to spray the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve to obtain a spray-state NiTi-based composite coating, wet shot blasting is adopted to drive a mixture of water and ceramic balls through compressed air, the mixture is sprayed to the surface of the spray-state coating after reaching a high speed and is tamped, and a compact NiTi-based composite coating is obtained; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing NiTi powder and NiCr-Cr according to a certain mass ratio3C2Powder is ball-milled, mixed, sieved and dried; the NiTi powder and the NiCr-Cr powder in the step (1)3C2The mass ratio of the powder is (1-3): 1, the atomic ratio of Ni to Ti in the NiTi powder is 1:1, NiCr-Cr3C2NiCr component and Cr in the powder3C2The mass ratio of the components is 1: 3;
(2) cleaning and drying the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve, and performing sand blasting and coarsening treatment by adopting brown corundum;
(3) spraying composite powder on the outer wall of the wet cylinder sleeve by adopting plasma spraying to obtain a spraying NiTi-based composite coating; the parameters of plasma spraying are as follows: the current is 500-520A, the voltage is 40-60V, the argon flow is 45-55L/min, the hydrogen flow is 3-6L/min, and the spraying distance is 100-120 mm;
(4) aligning a wet shot blasting spray gun to a spraying state coating area, driving a mixture of water and ceramic balls through compressed air, spraying the mixture to the surface of the spraying state coating after the mixture reaches a high speed, and tamping to obtain a compact NiTi-based composite coating; the parameters of the wet shot blasting are as follows: the outlet pressure of the compressed air is 0.3-0.6 MPa, the shot spraying distance is 50-150 mm, the mass fraction of water in a mixture of the water and the ceramic shots is 5-15%, the spraying angle is 80-100%, and the wet shot blasting coverage rate is 100-500%.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the composite powder after sieving in step (1) is in the range of 45-74 μm, and the drying is specifically to dry the composite powder in an oven at 80 ± 2 ℃ for 2 h.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the surface roughness after the roughening treatment in the step (2) is Ra 8.0-10.0.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the diameter of the ceramic pellet is 0.05-0.3 mm, and the chemical components of the ceramic pellet comprise 65-70% of zirconium dioxide, 28-32% of silicon dioxide and 0-5% of aluminum oxide by mass percent.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(5) cleaning the surface of the workpiece after wet shot blasting treatment, removing ceramic shot residues on the surface of the workpiece, cleaning and drying to obtain a compact NiTi-based composite coating;
(6) and turning the compact NiTi-based composite coating, wherein the surface roughness of the turned coating is Ra 0.8-1.6.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the NiTi-based composite coating layer densified in the step (5) is 100 to 350 μm.
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