CN110760845A - Anti-oxidation high-hardness wear-resistant coating on titanium alloy surface and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-oxidation high-hardness wear-resistant coating on titanium alloy surface and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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Abstract
本发明属于钛合金表面工程领域,特别是涉及一种钛合金表面抗氧化高硬耐磨涂层及制备方法。该涂层由同轴送粉激光熔覆技术进行制备;所述熔覆粉末按质量百分数记,包括75wt%TC4及25wt%NiCr‑Cr3C2粉末。同轴送粉激光熔覆技术可精准控制成形质量,减轻了涂层应用过程中的精加工工作量,提高了效率。Cr3C2粉末具有较低熔点,加工过程中不会存在未熔颗粒,同时Cr3C2粉末具有好的常温跟高温硬度,复合粉末NiCr‑Cr3C2可提供激光熔覆过程中形成增强相所需元素,同时可提供基体固溶强化的Ni、Cr元素。Ti6Al4V粉末缓解了增强相与基材之间过大的热物性差异,能起到一定的变形缓冲作用。
The invention belongs to the field of titanium alloy surface engineering, in particular to an anti-oxidation, high-hardness and wear-resistant coating on the surface of titanium alloy and a preparation method. The coating is prepared by coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology; the cladding powder is recorded in mass percentage, including 75wt% TC4 and 25wt% NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 powder. The coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology can precisely control the forming quality, reduce the finishing workload in the coating application process, and improve the efficiency. Cr 3 C 2 powder has a low melting point, and there will be no unmelted particles during processing. At the same time, Cr 3 C 2 powder has good hardness at room temperature and high temperature. The composite powder NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 can be formed during laser cladding. The elements required for the strengthening phase can also provide Ni and Cr elements for solid solution strengthening of the matrix. Ti6Al4V powder alleviates the excessive thermal property difference between the reinforcing phase and the substrate, and can play a certain role in buffering deformation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于钛合金表面工程领域,特别是涉及一种钛合金表面抗氧化高硬耐磨涂层及制备方法。The invention belongs to the field of titanium alloy surface engineering, in particular to an anti-oxidation, high-hardness and wear-resistant coating on the surface of titanium alloy and a preparation method.
背景技术Background technique
钛合金具有密度小,比强度高、耐腐蚀性强的特点,在航空、航天和船舶、海洋工程装备领域应用广泛,在装备先进化和轻量化方面发挥着不可替代的作用。以航空飞机为例,飞机机身材料从传统的铝合金材料逐渐向碳纤维增强材料(CFRP)过渡,一些承受高强度的钢材部件如框架和接头也被钛合金替代以减轻重量。这是因为钛合金具有质轻高强的特点,同时其与碳纤维增强材料具有相似的物理性质,用作接头材料时可以避免产生电位腐蚀。除此之外,钛合金还可用作发动机材料,主要用作风扇和压气机叶片等一些服役在较低温度下(<600/℃)的部件。Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)是使用最广泛的钛合金,具有出色的比强度,优异的耐腐蚀性和断裂韧性,以及良好的焊接加工性能和耐受极端温度的能力,并且可以通过热处理进行强化。钛合金表面摩擦磨损性能差一直是限制其发展的瓶颈,为了改善钛合金表面摩擦磨损性能,目前已有一些制备钛合金表面耐磨涂层的相关专利,具体如表1所示。Titanium alloy has the characteristics of low density, high specific strength and strong corrosion resistance. It is widely used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, and marine engineering equipment, and plays an irreplaceable role in the advancement and lightweight of equipment. Taking aviation aircraft as an example, the aircraft fuselage material is gradually transitioning from traditional aluminum alloy materials to carbon fiber reinforced materials (CFRP), and some high-strength steel components such as frames and joints are also replaced by titanium alloys to reduce weight. This is because titanium alloys have the characteristics of light weight and high strength, and at the same time, they have similar physical properties to carbon fiber reinforced materials, and can avoid potential corrosion when used as joint materials. In addition, titanium alloys can also be used as engine materials, mainly used as fan and compressor blades and other components that serve at lower temperatures (<600/℃). Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) is the most widely used titanium alloy with excellent specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and fracture toughness, as well as good weldability and ability to withstand extreme temperatures, and can be processed by heat treatment strengthen. The poor friction and wear performance of titanium alloy surfaces has always been a bottleneck restricting its development. In order to improve the friction and wear properties of titanium alloy surfaces, there are currently some related patents for preparing wear-resistant coatings on titanium alloy surfaces, as shown in Table 1.
表1钛合金表面耐磨涂层相关专利Table 1 Related patents of wear-resistant coating on titanium alloy surface
上表中1号和2号专利均采用化学镀制备耐磨涂层,不仅方法步骤繁琐,而且制备过程中使用较多的酸性、碱性试剂对环境和人体有较大的毒害性;3号专利是在激光熔覆加工需冷喷涂H13粉末,粉末需要特殊处理制备,且喷涂步骤比较繁琐;4号专利的熔覆粉末为TiNiCoCrVSi多组元合金粉末、涂层中物相比较复杂,可能面临各物相之间变形协调能力差,容易出现裂纹等缺陷,因此需要稀土元素来改善涂层质量;5号专利通过预置粉末法制备激光耐磨涂层,预置粉末制备过程中也会接触酸性、碱性及毒性试剂,存在较大安全隐患,且预置粉末法成形控制较难,加工过程中粘结剂的挥发会导致涂层产生缺陷,同时预置涂层的涂层容易脱落。The No. 1 and No. 2 patents in the above table both use chemical plating to prepare the wear-resistant coating, which is not only complicated in the method and steps, but also uses more acidic and alkaline reagents in the preparation process, which is highly toxic to the environment and human body; No. 3 The patent is that H13 powder needs to be cold sprayed in the laser cladding process, the powder needs to be prepared by special treatment, and the spraying steps are complicated; The deformation coordination ability between the various phases is poor, and defects such as cracks are prone to occur, so rare earth elements are required to improve the coating quality; Patent No. 5 prepares the laser wear-resistant coating by the pre-powder method, and the pre-powder preparation process will also contact Acidic, alkaline and toxic reagents have great potential safety hazards, and the prefabricated powder method is difficult to control. The volatilization of the binder during processing will cause coating defects, and the prefabricated coating is easy to fall off.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种可以改善钛合金表面摩擦磨损性能的钛合金表面抗氧化高硬耐磨涂层及制备方法。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-oxidation, high-hardness and wear-resistant coating on the surface of a titanium alloy which can improve the friction and wear properties of the surface of the titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的具体技术方案为:In order to achieve the above object, the concrete technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种钛合金表面抗氧化高硬耐磨涂层,该涂层由同轴送粉激光熔覆技术进行制备;所述熔覆粉末按质量百分数记,包括75wt%TC4及25wt%NiCr-Cr3C2粉末。An anti-oxidation, high-hardness, wear-resistant coating on the surface of a titanium alloy, the coating is prepared by coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology; the cladding powder is recorded by mass percentage, including 75wt% TC4 and 25wt% NiCr - Cr3 C 2 powder.
进一步,所述TC4粉末实测化学成分按质量百分数记,包括89.27wt%Ti、6.22wt%Al、4.32wt%V,其余为Fe、C、H、O、N。Further, the measured chemical composition of the TC4 powder is recorded by mass percentage, including 89.27wt% Ti, 6.22wt% Al, 4.32wt% V, and the rest are Fe, C, H, O, N.
进一步,所述NiCr-Cr3C2粉末实测化学成分按质量百分数记,包括19.59wt%Ni、10.28wt%C,其余为Cr。Further, the measured chemical composition of the NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 powder is recorded by mass percentage, including 19.59wt% Ni, 10.28wt% C, and the rest is Cr.
进一步,所述TC4粉末粒度分布在53~150μm。Further, the particle size distribution of the TC4 powder is 53-150 μm.
进一步,所述NiCr-Cr3C2混合粉末粒度分布在100~150μm。Further, the particle size distribution of the NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 mixed powder is 100-150 μm.
进一步,上述的钛合金表面抗氧化高硬耐磨涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤,Further, the preparation method of the above-mentioned titanium alloy surface anti-oxidation high-hard wear-resistant coating comprises the following steps:
S1、对购置的Ti6Al4V基材和熔覆粉末进行检测,确保熔覆质量;S1. Test the purchased Ti6Al4V substrate and cladding powder to ensure the quality of cladding;
S2、对待熔覆基材进行喷砂处理,喷砂后的试块表面粗糙度Ra约为1.98~2.07μm;将喷砂后的试块放入酒精,进行超声波清洗2~5min之后吹干放入纯度为99.9%的氩气保护箱中;S2. Sandblast the substrate to be clad, the surface roughness Ra of the test block after sandblasting is about 1.98-2.07 μm; put the sandblasted test block in alcohol, carry out ultrasonic cleaning for 2-5 minutes, and then blow dry Put into a 99.9% pure argon protective box;
S3、将熔覆粉末按配比放入球磨机进行球磨混粉,混粉时间12h以上,将混合后的粉末放入真空干燥箱中,在80℃的温度下恒温干燥10h以上,直到熔覆加工前再从恒温干燥箱内取出放至送粉器;S3. Put the cladding powder into the ball mill according to the proportion for ball milling and powder mixing. The mixing time is more than 12 hours. Put the mixed powder into a vacuum drying box, and dry it at a constant temperature of 80 °C for more than 10 hours until before the cladding process. Then take it out from the constant temperature drying box and put it into the powder feeder;
S4、采用同轴送粉激光器,将熔覆粉末熔覆在待熔覆试块上。S4. Use a coaxial powder feeding laser to clad the cladding powder on the test block to be clad.
更进一步,S4的熔覆参数具体为:多道搭接率为50%,激光焦距16mm,激光功率为700-1100W,扫描速度为0.4m/min,送粉量为1.4r/min,光斑直径为3.0mm,送粉气体为氦气,气体流速为7.0L/min,熔覆过程中全程采用氩气保护,气体流速为8~15L/min。Further, the cladding parameters of S4 are as follows: the multi-pass lap rate is 50%, the laser focal length is 16mm, the laser power is 700-1100W, the scanning speed is 0.4m/min, the powder feeding rate is 1.4r/min, and the spot diameter is It is 3.0mm, the powder feeding gas is helium, the gas flow rate is 7.0L/min, the whole process of cladding is protected by argon gas, and the gas flow rate is 8-15L/min.
本发明的优点及积极效果为:The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
本发明提供了一种钛合金表面抗氧化高硬耐磨涂层及制备方法,通过调整工艺,可在钛合金表面制备无气及孔裂纹的耐磨涂层。同轴送粉激光熔覆技术可精准控制成形质量,减轻了涂层应用过程中的精加工工作量,提高了效率。Cr3C2粉末具有较低熔点,加工过程中不会存在未熔颗粒,同时Cr3C2粉末具有好的常温跟高温硬度,复合粉末NiCr-Cr3C2可提供激光熔覆过程中形成增强相所需元素,同时可提供基体固溶强化的Ni、Cr元素。Ti6Al4V粉末缓解了增强相与基材之间过大的热物性差异,能起到一定的变形缓冲作用。The invention provides an oxidation-resistant, high-hardness and wear-resistant coating on the surface of a titanium alloy and a preparation method. By adjusting the process, the wear-resistant coating without air and hole cracks can be prepared on the surface of the titanium alloy. The coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology can precisely control the forming quality, reduce the finishing workload in the coating application process, and improve the efficiency. Cr 3 C 2 powder has a low melting point, and there will be no unmelted particles during processing. At the same time, Cr 3 C 2 powder has good hardness at room temperature and high temperature. The composite powder NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 can provide the formation of laser cladding process. The elements required for the strengthening phase can also provide Ni and Cr elements for solid solution strengthening of the matrix. Ti6Al4V powder alleviates the excessive thermal property difference between the reinforcing phase and the substrate, and can play a certain role in buffering deformation.
此外,相比化学镀在钛合金表面制备耐磨涂层,本发明强氧化、强腐蚀性及毒性化学试剂用量较少,减少了操作过程中对人体和环境的毒害性;本发明工序较少、操作简单、易于实现,可改善钛合金表面耐磨性,延长钛合金零构件的服役周期;本发明中的物相简单,其中增强相TiCx使得钛合金表面硬度提升的同时,实现耐磨和抗氧化的功能;本发明中的裂纹、气孔等缺陷随着激光功率的增大而显著变化,有助于科研工作者研究功率对激光熔覆宏观质量的影响。In addition, compared with the preparation of wear-resistant coating on the surface of titanium alloy by chemical plating, the dosage of strong oxidizing, strong corrosive and toxic chemical reagents in the present invention is less, which reduces the toxicity to the human body and the environment during the operation; the process of the present invention is less. , The operation is simple and easy to implement, which can improve the wear resistance of the titanium alloy surface and prolong the service period of the titanium alloy components; the phase in the present invention is simple, and the reinforcing phase TiC x improves the surface hardness of the titanium alloy and realizes wear resistance at the same time. and anti-oxidation function; defects such as cracks and pores in the present invention change significantly with the increase of laser power, which is helpful for scientific researchers to study the influence of power on the macroscopic quality of laser cladding.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例1-3中混合粉末的形貌;Fig. 1 is the morphology of mixed powder in embodiment 1-3 of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例1-3中熔覆试样表面着色渗透探伤的结果图;a、实施例1;b、实施例2;c、实施例3;Fig. 2 is a graph showing the results of color penetrant inspection on the surface of cladding samples in Examples 1-3 of the present invention; a, Example 1; b, Example 2; c, Example 3;
图3为利用D8 ADVANCE型X射线衍射仪对本发明实施3中熔覆试样的X射线衍射检测结果图;Fig. 3 is the X-ray diffraction detection result diagram of utilizing D8 ADVANCE type X-ray diffractometer to carry out the present invention to the cladding sample in 3;
图4为利用OLYMPUS金相显微镜对实施例1-3试样的增强相进行统计的结果图;Fig. 4 is the result graph of using OLYMPUS metallographic microscope to count the enhancement phase of the sample of Example 1-3;
图5为利用OLYMPUS金相显微镜对实施例1-3试样的孔隙率进行统计的结果图;Figure 5 is a graph of the results of statistics on the porosity of the samples of Examples 1-3 using OLYMPUS metallographic microscope;
图6为利用HITACHI S-3000扫描电镜对实施例1-3中熔覆试样的宏观形貌结果图;a、实施例1;b、实施例2;c、实施例3;Fig. 6 is the result diagram of macroscopic morphology of the cladding samples in Examples 1-3 using HITACHI S-3000 scanning electron microscope; a, Example 1; b, Example 2; c, Example 3;
图7为利用HITACHI S-3000扫描电镜对实施例1-3中熔覆试样的微观组织形貌结果图;a、实施例1;b、实施例2;c、实施例3;Figure 7 shows the results of the microstructure and morphology of the cladding samples in Examples 1-3 using a HITACHI S-3000 scanning electron microscope; a, Example 1; b, Example 2; c, Example 3;
图8为利用JXA-8530F Plus型场发射电子探针波谱仪计对实施例3中涂层的Ni、Cr元素分析结果;a、Ni元素;b、Cr元素;Figure 8 is the analysis results of Ni and Cr elements of the coating in Example 3 by using JXA-8530F Plus field emission electron probe spectrometer; a, Ni elements; b, Cr elements;
图9为利用KB30SR-FA数显式维氏硬度计对实施例3中涂层的显微硬度测试结果。FIG. 9 shows the microhardness test results of the coating in Example 3 using a KB30SR-FA digital Vickers hardness tester.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为能进一步了解本发明的内容、特点及功效,兹例举以下实施例,并配合附图详细说明如下:In order to further understand the content, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are given as examples, and are described in detail as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
本发明公开了一种钛合金表面抗氧化高硬耐磨涂层,该涂层由同轴送粉激光熔覆技术进行制备;所述熔覆粉末按质量百分数记,包括75wt%TC4及25wt%NiCr-Cr3C2粉末。The invention discloses an anti-oxidation, high-hardness and wear-resistant coating on the surface of titanium alloy, which is prepared by coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology; NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 powder.
同轴送粉激光熔覆技术可精准控制成形质量,减轻了涂层应用过程中的精加工工作量,提高了效率。The coaxial powder feeding laser cladding technology can precisely control the forming quality, reduce the finishing workload in the coating application process, and improve the efficiency.
TC4材料的组成为Ti-6Al-4V,属于(α+β)型钛合金,具有良好的综合力学机械性能;TC4粉末可增加熔覆粉末与钛基材料的相容性,避免因线膨胀系数、导热率等理化性质相差过大引起裂纹;Ti6Al4V粉末缓解了增强相与基材之间过大的热物性差异,能起到一定的变形缓冲作用。The composition of TC4 material is Ti-6Al-4V, which belongs to (α+β) type titanium alloy and has good comprehensive mechanical and mechanical properties; TC4 powder can increase the compatibility of cladding powder and titanium-based materials, and avoid the linear expansion coefficient The difference in physical and chemical properties such as thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity is too large to cause cracks; Ti6Al4V powder alleviates the excessive thermal physical property difference between the reinforcing phase and the substrate, and can play a certain role in buffering deformation.
NiCr-Cr3C2是一种陶瓷混合材料,具有较低熔点和密度,加工过程中不会存在未熔颗粒,同时Cr3C2粉末具有好的常温跟高温硬度,复合粉末NiCr-Cr3C2可提供激光熔覆过程中形成增强相所需元素,同时可提供基体固溶强化的Ni、Cr元素,是综合性能优异的抗摩擦磨损材料;NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 is a ceramic hybrid material with low melting point and density, no unmelted particles will exist during processing, and Cr 3 C 2 powder has good normal temperature and high temperature hardness, composite powder NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 can provide the elements required for the formation of the reinforcing phase during the laser cladding process, and can also provide Ni and Cr elements for the solid solution strengthening of the matrix. It is an anti-friction and wear material with excellent comprehensive properties;
优选的,所述Ti6Al4V粉末实测化学成分按质量百分数记,包括89.27wt%Ti、6.22wt%Al、4.32wt%V其余为Fe、C、H、O、N;粉末粒度分布在53~150μm。Preferably, the measured chemical composition of the Ti6Al4V powder is recorded by mass percentage, including 89.27wt% Ti, 6.22wt% Al, 4.32wt% V and the rest are Fe, C, H, O, N; the powder particle size distribution is 53-150μm.
优选的,所述NiCr-Cr3C2粉末实测化学成分按质量百分数记,包括19.59wt%Ni、10.28wt%C,其余为Cr,粉末粒度分布在100~150μm。Preferably, the measured chemical composition of the NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 powder is recorded by mass percentage, including 19.59wt% Ni, 10.28wt% C, the rest is Cr, and the powder particle size distribution is 100-150 μm.
本发明还公开了一种钛合金表面抗氧化高硬耐磨涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:The invention also discloses a preparation method of the anti-oxidation, high-hardness and wear-resistant coating on the surface of the titanium alloy, comprising the following steps:
S1、对购置的Ti6Al4V基材和熔覆粉末进行检测,确保熔覆质量;S1. Test the purchased Ti6Al4V substrate and cladding powder to ensure the quality of cladding;
S2、对待熔覆基材进行前处理;S2. Pre-treatment of the substrate to be clad;
S3、对熔覆粉末进行预处理;S3. Pretreatment of the cladding powder;
S4、采用同轴送粉激光器,将熔覆粉末熔覆在待熔覆试块上。S4. Use a coaxial powder feeding laser to clad the cladding powder on the test block to be clad.
S1中先用无水乙醇清洗待加工钛合金板材表面的污渍,将待熔覆基材用电火花切割机切成100×100×10mm的熔覆试块;In S1, the stains on the surface of the titanium alloy sheet to be processed are first cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, and the substrate to be clad is cut into 100×100×10mm cladding test blocks with an EDM cutting machine;
S2中对熔覆试块进行前处理,具体为:对待熔覆试块进行喷砂处理,以去除表面氧化层和污物,同时还可提高待熔覆试块的粗糙度,提高对激光能量的吸收率,喷砂后的试块表面粗糙度Ra约为1.98~2.07μm;将喷砂后的试块放入酒精,进行超声波清洗2~5min之后吹干放入纯度为99.9%的氩气保护箱中。In S2, the cladding test block is pre-treated, specifically: sandblasting the cladding test block to remove the surface oxide layer and dirt, and at the same time, it can also improve the roughness of the cladding test block and improve the laser energy. The absorption rate of the test block after sandblasting is about 1.98~ 2.07μm ; the test block after sandblasting is put into alcohol, ultrasonically cleaned for 2~5min, dried and put in 99.9% pure argon in the gas protective box.
S3中对熔覆粉末进行预处理,具体为:将熔覆粉末按配比放入球磨机进行球磨混粉,混粉时间12h以上,将混合后的粉末放入真空干燥箱中,在80℃的温度下恒温干燥10h以上,直到熔覆加工前再从恒温干燥箱内取出放至送粉器,以保证粉末的流动性。In S3, the cladding powder is pretreated, specifically: put the cladding powder into a ball mill for ball milling and powder mixing according to the proportion, and the mixing time is more than 12 hours. Dry at a constant temperature for more than 10 hours, and then take it out of the constant temperature drying box and put it into the powder feeder until the cladding process to ensure the fluidity of the powder.
S4采用同轴送粉激光器,将熔覆粉末熔覆在待熔覆试块上,熔覆参数具体为:多道搭接率为50%,激光焦距16mm,激光功率为700/900/1100W,扫描速度为0.4m/min,送粉量为1.4r/min,光斑直径为3.0mm,送粉气体为氦气,气体流速为7.0L/min,熔覆过程中全程采用氩气保护,气体流速为8~15L/min。S4 uses a coaxial powder feeding laser to clad the cladding powder on the test block to be clad. The cladding parameters are as follows: the multi-pass lap rate is 50%, the laser focal length is 16mm, and the laser power is 700/900/1100W. The scanning speed is 0.4m/min, the powder feeding rate is 1.4r/min, the spot diameter is 3.0mm, the powder feeding gas is helium, and the gas flow rate is 7.0L/min. The whole cladding process is protected by argon gas, and the gas flow rate It is 8~15L/min.
实施例一Example 1
本案例具体方案为75wt%TC4+25wt%NiCr-Cr3C2,激光功率700W按照上述步骤制备激光熔覆涂层。The specific scheme of this case is 75wt% TC4+25wt% NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 , the laser power is 700W, and the laser cladding coating is prepared according to the above steps.
实施例二Embodiment 2
本案例具体方案为75wt%TC4+25wt%NiCr-Cr3C2,激光功率900W按照上述步骤制备激光熔覆涂层。The specific scheme of this case is 75wt% TC4+25wt% NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 , the laser power is 900W, and the laser cladding coating is prepared according to the above steps.
实施例三Embodiment 3
本案例具体方案为75wt%TC4+25wt%NiCr-Cr3C2,激光功率1100W按照上述步骤制备激光熔覆涂层。The specific scheme of this case is 75wt% TC4+25wt% NiCr-Cr 3 C 2 , the laser power is 1100W, and the laser cladding coating is prepared according to the above steps.
试验实施例Test Example
上述混合粉末的形貌如图1所示;可以看出,TC4粉末为球形粉末、NiCr-Cr3C2粉末为类球形、这两种形貌的粉末保证了熔覆加工时具有良好的流动性,同时可以看出两种粉末混合均匀,可以保证熔覆质量。The morphology of the above mixed powder is shown in Figure 1; it can be seen that the TC4 powder is spherical powder and the NiCr-Cr3C2 powder is quasi-spherical. The powders with these two morphologies ensure good fluidity during cladding processing. It can be seen that the two powders are evenly mixed, which can ensure the quality of cladding.
对实施例1-3熔覆试样进行表面着色渗透探伤,其结果如图2;可以看出熔覆试样表面裂纹随着功率的增加逐渐减少,功率为1100W(例3)时得到了很好的抑制,实施效果最好。The cladding samples of Examples 1-3 were subjected to surface color penetration testing, and the results were shown in Figure 2; it can be seen that the surface cracks of the cladding samples gradually decreased with the increase of power, and a very high power was obtained when the power was 1100W (Example 3). Good suppression, the best implementation effect.
上述熔覆试样的X射线衍射检测结果如图3;可以看出,熔覆层中的物相为陶瓷增强相TiCx,基底相为α-Ti。The X-ray diffraction test results of the above cladding samples are shown in Figure 3; it can be seen that the phase in the cladding layer is the ceramic reinforcing phase TiCx, and the base phase is α-Ti.
利用金相显微镜对上述试样的增强相进行统计,结果如图4所示;对孔隙率进行统计,结果如图5所示:增强相的数量决定了涂层的抗氧化和耐磨性,一般来讲,增强相数量越多,激光熔覆层的性能就越好。不言而喻孔隙越多,涂层的宏观质量越差,涂层的性能也会变差。当功率为1100W(例3)时,熔覆层中的增强相数量最多,孔隙率最低,实施效果最好。The reinforcement phase of the above samples was counted by metallographic microscope, and the results are shown in Figure 4; the porosity was counted, and the results were shown in Figure 5: the number of reinforcement phases determines the oxidation resistance and wear resistance of the coating. In general, the higher the number of reinforcing phases, the better the performance of the laser cladding layer. It goes without saying that the more pores, the worse the macroscopic quality of the coating and the worse the performance of the coating. When the power is 1100W (Example 3), the number of reinforcing phases in the cladding layer is the largest, the porosity is the lowest, and the implementation effect is the best.
上述熔覆试样的宏观形貌结果如图6所示;可以看出,随着激光功率的增大,熔覆层横截面的裂纹和气孔得到了有效抑制,1100W(例3)时效果最好。The macro-morphological results of the above cladding samples are shown in Figure 6; it can be seen that with the increase of laser power, the cracks and pores in the cross-section of the cladding layer are effectively suppressed, and the effect is the best at 1100W (Example 3). it is good.
微观组织形貌如图7所示:可以看出,随着功率的增大,涂层的增强相TiCx形貌从颗粒状向枝晶状过渡,但较低功率时仍存在裂纹,因此综合考虑,功率为1100(例3)时最优。The microstructure and morphology are shown in Figure 7: it can be seen that with the increase of power, the morphology of the enhanced phase TiCx of the coating transitions from granular to dendritic, but there are still cracks at lower power, so comprehensive consideration , the optimal power is 1100 (Example 3).
如图8所示:熔覆层中的Ni、Cr元素均匀分布在基底中,可以起到固溶强化的作用,增加涂层硬度。As shown in Figure 8: Ni and Cr elements in the cladding layer are evenly distributed in the substrate, which can play a role in solid solution strengthening and increase the hardness of the coating.
如图9所示:使用数字显微硬度计,载荷500g,保载时间12s,对实施例三的涂层的显微硬度进行测试,可以看出熔覆层的显微硬度约为Ti6Al4V的1.4倍,同时熔覆层跟基材之间有着较为平稳的过渡。As shown in Figure 9: Using a digital microhardness tester with a load of 500g and a holding time of 12s, the microhardness of the coating of Example 3 is tested. It can be seen that the microhardness of the cladding layer is about 1.4 of Ti6Al4V. times, and there is a relatively smooth transition between the cladding layer and the substrate.
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改,等同变化与修饰,均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention belong to the present invention. within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
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