CN110140836A - The breeding of the formula of feed combinations stage by stage of Penaeus monodon and resistance to coarse food grain strain - Google Patents
The breeding of the formula of feed combinations stage by stage of Penaeus monodon and resistance to coarse food grain strain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the breedings of a kind of formula of feed combinations stage by stage of Penaeus monodon and resistance to coarse food grain strain, it include: the feed formula at least three stage, the animal protein in feed formula is gradually substituted by vegetable protein stage by stage, it also added the cholesterol and lysine for promoting vegetable protein to digest and assimilate, and probiotics is added in the stage 2, adjust Penaeus monodon intestinal flora environment, the immunity of the edible feed stage by stage of enhancing Penaeus monodon；It is fed by the feeding of feed combinations formula stage by stage, the difference feeding for carrying out the Penaeus monodon of different familys is fed, the cultivation of feed Penaeus monodon new lines stage by stage is carried out by rate of body weight gain, survival rate, illness rate index, the Integrated Selection of many index, keep result more accurate, the obtained Penaeus monodon family finally screened, with relatively reliable scientific basis, feed the combination formula of feed stage by stage more smoothly to cultivating penaeus monodon process, it is preventative stronger, promote the breeding of excellent variety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to culture fishery more particularly to the formulas of feed combinations stage by stage and resistance to coarse food grain of a kind of Penaeus monodon
The breeding of strain.
Background technique
Penaeus monodon is commonly called as grass shrimp, nine section shrimps, has the characteristics that individual is big, adaptable, meat flavour is delicious, is that the world three is big
The important cultured prawn type of one of cultured prawn breed variety and China.The content of astaxanthin is more general in Penaeus monodon body
Logical shrimp is about high by 20%, and astaxanthin is a kind of strongest antioxidant, and itself can significantly increase the survival rate and spawning rate of shrimp,
And the ability of extraneous adverse circumstances is resisted, it is athero- that the shrimp that humans and animals eat high astaxanthin-containing can also significantly improve artery
The illness such as hardening.
In recent years, required protein is mainly derived from fish meal in the bait of Penaeus monodon, fish meal prices at present it is continuous on
Rising causes feed cost constantly to rise, and the relative shortage of fish meal constrains the sustainable development of shrimp culture industry, therefore, seeks new
The efficient fish meal replacement of type becomes one of shrimp culture industry urgent problem to be solved.In order to solve fish meal Dependence Problem, carry out
Vegetable protein substitutes the research of fish meal, and further vegetable protein is overcome to be not easy the shortcomings that absorbing, and selects and passes through sublevel
The excellent variety of section forage feed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, the formula of feed combinations stage by stage of a kind of Penaeus monodon and resistance to thick is provided
The breeding of grain strain, finds the vegetable protein that can substitute animal protein, successfully prepares the feed stage by stage for feeding Penaeus monodon,
The nutritional ingredient of Penaeus monodon is improved, reduces feed preparation cost, and pass through forage feed breeding excellent variety stage by stage.
In order to achieve the above objectives, a kind of the first technical solution that the present invention uses are as follows: feed stage by stage of Penaeus monodon
Combination formula, comprising: the feed formula at least three stage, which is characterized in that
The formula of stage 1 is animal protein 30-45 parts, 15-30 parts of dregs of beans, 11-16 parts of cotton dregs, 13-21.5 parts of corn flour, is spent
It is dregs of rice 10-23 parts raw, 23-40 parts of flour, 8-20 parts of defatted rice bran powder, 0.6-2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, multi-vitamins 0.6-
1.3 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8-2.5；
The formula of stage 2 is animal protein 10-25 parts, 25-40 parts of dregs of beans, 16-21 parts of cotton dregs, 18-26.5 parts of corn flour, is spent
It is dregs of rice 10-23 parts raw, 23-40 parts of flour, 8-20 parts of defatted rice bran powder, 0.6-2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, multi-vitamins 0.6-
1.3 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8-2.5,1.7-4 parts of lecithin, 0.7-2.5 parts of cholesterol, 0.7-1.3 parts of lysine；
Stage 3 formula be dregs of beans 30-45 parts, 16-21 parts of cotton dregs, 18-26.5 parts of corn flour, 10-23 parts of peanut meal, flour
23-40 parts, 8-20 parts of defatted rice bran powder, 0.6-2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6-1.3 parts of multi-vitamins, calcium dihydrogen phosphate
0.8-2.5,1.7-4 parts of lecithin.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the animal protein can select fish meal and/or chicken liver meal and/or shrimp shell
Powder.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transitional period of replacement stage formula, it can feed simultaneously and replace former and later two
The feed in stage, transitional period can continue 1+N days.
It further include probiotics in the formula in stage 2, the probiotics can select cream in a preferred embodiment of the present invention
Sour bacterium or bacillus can promote ingesting for Penaeus monodon, accelerate growth；The formula in stage 3 can also be mixed with animal feed
Conjunction is fed, and the animal feed includes at least clam worm and/or oyster and/or squid etc., and the animal feed can promote close shrimp
It accelerates the ripening oviposition.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dregs of beans in stage feed formula can be convenient for spot section by heat treatment
Prawn ingests, and improves digestion and absorbs.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formula of three phases respectively corresponds three of the growth cycle of Penaeus monodon
Stage, plantlet stage, at shrimp stage, reproductive stage.
A kind of second of technical solution that the present invention uses are as follows: breeding side for feeding the resistance to coarse food grain strain of feed stage by stage
Method, it is characterised in that: the formula in 3 stages is compound to feed several tail Penaeus monodons, carries out growth in 10.5-13.5 months
Sublevel raises breeding, and the growth breeding period is divided into stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, in each section of breeding period in the bait of institute's feeding
Coarse food grain step increments replace animal protein, and animal protein step wise reduction.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the growth sublevel raising, it is spot section pair that wherein the stage 1, which is 1-1.5 months,
Shrimp seedling period, stage 2 are to be into shrimp growth cycle in 1.5-2 months, and the stage 3 is not less than 8 months into the shrimp breeding cycle.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Penaeus monodon sublevel feed raise criteria for selection include following index, (1) if
Dry family is after growing breeding end cycle, Penaeus monodon kind weight value in same family, and weight ratio is 35%；(2)
The death rate of the Penaeus monodon of same family within the growth breeding period, and weight ratio is 35%；(3) the spot section pair of same family
Illness rate of the shrimp within the growth breeding period, and weight ratio is 30%；Above three index weighted calculation obtains each Penaeus monodon
Family sublevel feed raises criterion for breeding ranking.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the criterion for breeding ranking is level-one family near several preceding familys,
It secondly is second level family.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Penaeus monodon genetic background type is 10-16 kind, every kind of genetic background
In Penaeus monodon form 2-8 family, each family is respectively provided with 1-5 group nursing group, and every group of nursing group is educated comprising 20-200 tail
Age consistent Penaeus monodon.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the daily set time feeds Penaeus monodon, according to different phase
Penaeus monodon, feeding number can be adjusted flexibly, and according to our practical production experience, the stage 1 is the juvenile prawn stage, need to feed
Frequently, it with the increase of prawn, feeds frequency cocoa and slightly declines, the stage 1 at least feeds 4-6 times daily, and the stage 2 is daily extremely
It feeds 3-5 times less, the stage 3 at least feeds 2-4 times daily, using residual in siphonage absorption glass fibre bucket before feeding daily
Bait, excrement and dead shrimp.The feed residue situation observed in bait table at the 1st hour and the 1.5th hour respectively after feeding every time,
The test group eaten up in 1h then increases daily ration, feeding quantity, and the test group of also residual bait then reduces daily ration, feeding quantity in 1.5h, feeds daily
Amount is the 5%~7% of Penaeus monodon weight.
The invention solves the defect existing in the background technology, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
(1) formula of the provided by the present invention feed stage by stage for feeding Penaeus monodon, it is contemplated that Penaeus monodon is at long value
In period, early-stage fodder intake is lower, and the feature that digestive system is weaker, lays particular stress on the nursing of animal protein；Mid-term and later period
Feed consumption is higher, and the stronger feature of digestive system, can lay particular stress on the raising of vegetable protein, to reduce the cost of feed；
Since animal protein cost is more at high cost than vegetable protein, the feed situation ratio high with nutrition purposes, especially for feeding animals protein content always, feed disappears
The consumption big middle and later periods, animal protein content reduces in feed, and feed cost also reduces, and feed formula successfully uses stage by stage
Vegetable protein improves absorption of the Penaeus monodon to vegetable protein instead of animal protein, raw according to the difference of Penaeus monodon
The long stage feeds the feed of different phase stage by stage, and according to feed combinations formula stage by stage, carries out the choosing of excellent variety
It educates.
(2) each growth is fed the stage forage compounding in the period and carries out stage adjustment by the present invention, can preferably be allowed
Penaeus monodon gradually adapts to bait formula variation, and especially crude protein feed ratio increases, and the reduction of animal protein ratio makes spot section
Prawn adapts to the edible process that vegetable protein gradually replaces animal protein, enhances the intestinal digestion function of Penaeus monodon, Breeding Effect
More optimizing, feeds two stage feed in the mixing of transitional period two stages, stage feed combinations formula is unlikely to the variation of cliff of displacement formula,
Penaeus monodon is allowed to be difficult to adapt to.
(3) present invention solves the stodgy deficiency of vegetable protein, and there are nutrition between vegetable protein and animal protein
Property and the difference for digesting difficulty, the addition of cholesterol and lysine can reduce such difference and bring to Penaeus monodon
Digestive system pressure, effectively promote the absorption of vegetable protein.
(4) in the feed formula in the stage 2 of feed combinations formula stage by stage of the invention, probiotics, Neng Gouti are added to
The food ration of high Penaeus monodon, assists the digestion and absorption for promoting Penaeus monodon, probiotics can substitute antibiotics, and be able to suppress
Pathogen prevents disease, promotes Penaeus monodon growth, does not have medicament residue problem after ingesting, improve the immunity of Penaeus monodon.
(5) dregs of beans in the present invention can give out scent, further increase Penaeus monodon by heat treatment
Food ration, the dregs of beans after heating compares to be more easier to digest and assimilate with raw dregs of beans.
(6) by feeding feed combinations formula stage by stage in the present invention, family classification can carry out breeding identification to family,
The ingredient of the nursing feed combinations formula stage by stage of different Penaeus monodon familys is identical, but that there are conspicuousnesses is poor for the growth of mature stage
It is different, illustrate the growth performance of Penaeus monodon and be closely related to the utilization of feed with hereditary effect, in feed animals protein level
When low, the significant difference of the hereditary effect of growth just starts to display.Cultivate can stablize heredity, economic characters it is excellent
Strain is conducive to the cultivation of Penaeus monodon new lines.
(7) present invention carries out the cultivation of resistance to roughage Penaeus monodon new lines by weight, the death rate, illness rate index,
The Integrated Selection of many index keeps result more accurate, the obtained Penaeus monodon family finally screened, has relatively reliable
Scientific basis keeps the cultivating penaeus monodon process of new lines more smooth, preventative stronger.
Specific embodiment
Presently in connection with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of first embodiment are as follows: combination formula of the feed stage by stage of Penaeus monodon, comprising: the feeding at least three stage
Material formula, which is characterized in that
Stage 1 formula be fish meal 30-45 parts, 15-30 parts of dregs of beans, 11-16 parts of cotton dregs, 13-21.5 parts of corn flour, peanut meal
10-23 parts, 23-40 parts of flour, 8-20 parts of defatted rice bran powder, 0.6-2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6-1.3 parts of multi-vitamins,
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8-2.5；
Stage 2 formula be fish meal 10-25 parts, 25-40 parts of dregs of beans, 16-21 parts of cotton dregs, 18-26.5 parts of corn flour, peanut meal
10-23 parts, 23-40 parts of flour, 8-20 parts of defatted rice bran powder, 0.6-2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6-1.3 parts of multi-vitamins,
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8-2.5,1.7-4 parts of lecithin, 0.7-2.5 parts of cholesterol, 0.7-1.3 parts of lysine, lactic acid bacteria 0.2-0.8
Part；
Stage 3 formula be dregs of beans 30-45 parts, 16-21 parts of cotton dregs, 18-26.5 parts of corn flour, 10-23 parts of peanut meal, flour
23-40 parts, 8-20 parts of defatted rice bran powder, 0.6-2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6-1.3 parts of multi-vitamins, calcium dihydrogen phosphate
0.8-2.5,1.7-4 parts of lecithin.
The formula of three phases respectively corresponds the three phases of the growth cycle of Penaeus monodon, plantlet stage, at the shrimp stage,
Reproductive stage；The transitional period of replacement stage formula, the feed for replacing former and later two stages can be fed simultaneously, the transitional period can hold
It is 3 days continuous.
Further include that lactic acid bacteria can promote ingesting for Penaeus monodon in the formula in stage 2, accelerates growth；The formula in stage 3
It can also be fed with clam worm and the mixing of oyster and squid, close shrimp is promoted to accelerate the ripening oviposition.
Dregs of beans in stage feed formula can ingest by heat treatment convenient for Penaeus monodon, improve digestion and absorb.
A kind of second embodiment are as follows: selection for feeding the resistance to coarse food grain strain of feed stage by stage, it is characterised in that: 3
The formula in stage is compound to feed several tail Penaeus monodons, carries out 10.5-13.5 months growth sublevels and raises breeding, grows breeding
Period is divided into stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, and the coarse food grain step increments in each section of breeding period in the bait of institute's feeding replace
Animal protein, and animal protein step wise reduction.
Sublevel raising is grown, it is the Penaeus monodon seedling period that wherein the stage 1, which is 1-1.5 months, and the stage 2 is 1.5-2 months
For at shrimp growth cycle, the stage 3 is not less than 8 months into the shrimp breeding cycle；The culturing time in stage 1 is set to 1-45 days, rank
If section 2, it is determined as 46-220 days, the stage 3 was set to the 221st day to 400 days.
It includes following index that Penaeus monodon sublevel feed, which raises criteria for selection, and (1) several familys are in the growth breeding period
After, Penaeus monodon kind weight value in same family, and weight ratio is 35%；(2) Penaeus monodon of same family is in life
The death rate in the long breeding period, and weight ratio is 35%；(3) trouble of the Penaeus monodon of same family within the growth breeding period
Sick rate, and weight ratio is 30%；Above three index weighted calculation obtains each Penaeus monodon family sublevel feed raising breeding and refers to
Mark ranking.
Criterion for breeding ranking is level-one family near several preceding familys, is secondly second level family.
Penaeus monodon genetic background type is 10-16 kind, and the Penaeus monodon in every kind of genetic background forms 2-8 family,
Each family is respectively provided with 1-5 group nursing group, and every group of nursing group includes 20-200 tail reproduction age consistent Penaeus monodon.
The daily set time feeds Penaeus monodon, and according to the Penaeus monodon of different phase, feeding number can spirit
Adjustment living, according to our practical production experience, the stage 1 is the juvenile prawn stage, needs to feed frequently, with the increasing of prawn
Greatly, it feeds frequency cocoa slightly to decline, the stage 1 feeds 6 times daily, and Feeding time is morning 8:00-8:30,10:00-10:30,12:
00-12:30,14:00-14:30,16:00-16:30,18:00-18:30；Stage 2 feeds 5 times daily, and Feeding time is early 8:
00-8:30,11:00-11:30,14:00-14:30,17:00-17:30,20:00-20:30；Stage 3 feeds 3 times daily, feeds
Time is 8:00-8:30,13:00-13:30,18:00-18:30；It is drawn in glass fibre bucket before feeding daily using siphonage
Residual bait, excrement and dead shrimp.The feed residue feelings observed in bait table at the 1st hour and the 1.5th hour respectively after feeding every time
Condition, the test group eaten up in 1h then increase daily ration, feeding quantity, and the test group of also residual bait then reduces daily ration, feeding quantity in 1.5h, daily
Feeding volume is the 5%~7% of Penaeus monodon weight.
Based on the above description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, through the above description, related personnel completely can be with
Without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention', various changes and amendments are carried out.The technical scope of this invention
It is not limited to the contents of the specification, it is necessary to determine the technical scope according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of combination formula of the feed stage by stage of Penaeus monodon, comprising: the feed formula at least three stage, feature exist
In,
Stage 1 formula be animal protein 30-45 parts, 15-30 parts of dregs of beans, 11-16 parts of cotton dregs, 13-21.5 parts of corn flour, peanut meal
10-23 parts, 23-40 parts of flour, 8-20 parts of defatted rice bran powder, 0.6-2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6-1.3 parts of multi-vitamins,
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8-2.5；
Stage 2 formula be animal protein 10-25 parts, 25-40 parts of dregs of beans, 16-21 parts of cotton dregs, 18-26.5 parts of corn flour, peanut meal
10-23 parts, 23-40 parts of flour, 8-20 parts of defatted rice bran powder, 0.6-2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6-1.3 parts of multi-vitamins,
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8-2.5,1.7-4 parts of lecithin, 0.7-2.5 parts of cholesterol, 0.7-1.3 parts of lysine；
Stage 3 formula be dregs of beans 30-45 parts, 16-21 parts of cotton dregs, 18-26.5 parts of corn flour, 10-23 parts of peanut meal, flour 23-
40 parts, 8-20 parts of defatted rice bran powder, 0.6-2.5 parts of composite mineral salt, 0.6-1.3 parts of multi-vitamins, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8-
2.5,1.7-4 parts of lecithin.
2. a kind of combination formula of the feed stage by stage of Penaeus monodon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described dynamic
Object albumen can select fish meal and/or chicken liver meal and/or shrimp shell meal.
3. a kind of combination formula of the feed stage by stage of Penaeus monodon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: replacement rank
The transitional period of Duan Peifang can feed the feed for replacing former and later two stages simultaneously, and the transitional period can continue 1+N days.
4. a kind of combination formula of the feed stage by stage of Penaeus monodon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the stage 2
Formula in further include probiotics, the formula in stage 3 can also be mixed with animal feed feed.
5. a kind of selection for the resistance to coarse food grain strain of feed stage by stage for feeding feed described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: 3
The formula in a stage is compound to feed several tail Penaeus monodons, and the growth sublevel carried out 10.5-13.5 months raises breeding, raw
The long breeding period is divided into stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, and the coarse food grain staged in each section of breeding period in the bait of institute's feeding is passed
Increase and replace animal protein, and animal protein step wise reduction.
6. the selection of the resistance to coarse food grain strain of feed stage by stage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the growth point
Rank raising, it is the Penaeus monodon seedling period that wherein the stage 1, which is 1-1.5 months, and the stage 2 is to be into shrimp growth cycle in 1.5-2 months,
Stage 3 is not less than 8 months into the shrimp breeding cycle.
7. the selection of the resistance to coarse food grain strain of feed stage by stage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: Penaeus monodon point
It includes following index that rank feed, which raises criteria for selection, and (1) several familys are after growing breeding end cycle, spot in same family
Prawn kind weight value is saved, and weight ratio is 35%；(2) death of the Penaeus monodon of same family within the growth breeding period
Rate, and weight ratio is 35%；(3) illness rate of the Penaeus monodon of same family within the growth breeding period, and weight ratio is
30%；Above three index weighted calculation obtains each Penaeus monodon family sublevel feed raising criterion for breeding ranking.
8. the selection of the resistance to coarse food grain strain of feed stage by stage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the breeding refers to
It is level-one family that ranking, which is marked, near several preceding familys, is secondly second level family.
9. the selection of the resistance to coarse food grain strain of feed stage by stage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the spot section pair
Shrimp genetic background type is 10-16 kind, and the Penaeus monodon in every kind of genetic background forms 2-8 family, and each family is respectively provided with
1-5 group nursing group, every group of nursing group include 20-200 tail reproduction age consistent Penaeus monodon.
10. the selection of the resistance to coarse food grain strain of feed stage by stage according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: fixed daily
Time feeds Penaeus monodon.
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| CN109042414A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-21 | 珠海强龙生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Penaeus monodon feed and its application method |
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| CN105639072A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-06-08 | 天津市现代天骄农业科技有限公司 | Novel penaeus monodon formula feed |
| CN109042414A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-21 | 珠海强龙生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Penaeus monodon feed and its application method |
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