CN110132733A - A kind of three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110132733A CN110132733A CN201910496480.8A CN201910496480A CN110132733A CN 110132733 A CN110132733 A CN 110132733A CN 201910496480 A CN201910496480 A CN 201910496480A CN 110132733 A CN110132733 A CN 110132733A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to crushing test technical fields, disclose a kind of three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery, comprising: three-dimensional high stress load subsystem, pressure break subsystem and ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem；The three-dimensional high stress load subsystem includes: main reaction frame, first, second and third force application apparatus, braced frame, mobile reaction frame and sample stage；First force application apparatus and third force application apparatus are fixed on main reaction frame；Braced frame setting is slidably fixed in braced frame in main reaction frame side, mobile reaction frame；Second force application apparatus is fixed in mobile reaction frame, and the direction of the forcing stroke of the second force application apparatus is consistent with the mobile direction of shift motion of reaction frame；Sample stage is fixed in mobile reaction frame；The pressure break medium output interface setting of pressure break subsystem is in three-dimensional high stress load subsystem；The Ultrasonic Phased Array array of ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem is arranged in sample stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic fracturing experimental technique field, in particular to the three-dimensional high stress waterpower pressure of a kind of real time imagery
Split physical simulation experiment system.
Background technique
In the hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment of large dimension specimen, Acoustic Emission location is mostly used, adds in fracturing fluid and shows
The failure evolvement process of the monitoring of the methods of CT scan or describing reservoir rock after track agent, pressure break.But Acoustic Emission location method without
Method imaging is only capable of substantially obtaining crack initiation and the expansion process of hydraulic fracture；CT scan etc. after addition tracer, pressure break in fracturing fluid
Method has hysteresis quality more, is also all static monitoring techniques, causes positioning accuracy poor, while being only capable of obtaining final crack extension shape
State can not obtain the overall process information of crack extension；CT scan still has the problem of penetration capacity deficiency, and Shang Buneng is preferably right
Crack propagation process carries out real-time monitoring.Meanwhile needing strictly to simulate stress in existing hydraulic fracturing simulation, one
As by three axis force application structures realize；But with test carry out it is random to the effect of three axis forces of sample larger, with by
Power sample deformation, the central point for the acting surface that exerts a force will appear offset, lead to three axis biasing effects and unstable, seriously affected water
Force the reliability for splitting test result.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery, solves existing skill
Hydraulic fracturing test crack extension information integrity is poor in art, and three axis biasing effect stability are poor, lead to conclusion (of pressure testing) reliability
The technical problem of difference.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physics moulds of real time imagery
Quasi- pilot system, comprising: three-dimensional high stress load subsystem, pressure break subsystem and ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem；
The three-dimensional high stress load subsystem includes: main reaction frame, the first force application apparatus, third force application apparatus, branch
Support frame frame, mobile reaction frame, the second force application apparatus and sample stage；
First force application apparatus and the third force application apparatus are fixed on the main reaction frame；
The braced frame is arranged in the main reaction frame side, and the mobile reaction frame is slidably fixed to institute
It states in braced frame；
Second force application apparatus is fixed in the mobile reaction frame, and the forcing stroke of second force application apparatus
Direction it is consistent with the direction of shift motion of the mobile reaction frame；
The sample stage is fixed in the mobile reaction frame, for carrying sample；
The pressure break medium output interface setting of the pressure break subsystem is used in the three-dimensional high stress load subsystem
Pressure break medium is injected into sample；
The Ultrasonic Phased Array array of the ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem is arranged in the sample stage, for real-time
Continue to monitor the hydraulic fracture expansion process in sample.
Further, the main reaction frame includes: main reaction frame main body；
The main reaction frame main body includes: pedestal, top beam and symmetrically arranged first pillar and the second pillar；
The first end of first pillar and the first end of second pillar are fixed on the base, and described first
The second end of column and the second end of second pillar are fixed on the top beam；
First force application apparatus is fixed on the top beam, and force direction is towards the pedestal；
The third force application apparatus is fixed on second pillar, and force direction is towards second pillar；
The braced frame is fixedly linked with the pedestal, for the mobile reaction frame in the braced frame and institute
It states and is moved on pedestal.
Further, it is fixed with bearing base on the pedestal, for carrying mobile reaction frame and providing reaction force.
Further, on first pillar and it is provided with hold-down mechanism on the second pillar, for compressing the movement
Reaction frame.
Further, the hold-down mechanism includes: to compress pedestal, nut, threaded screw rod and regulation handle；
The compression pedestal is fixed on first pillar or the second pillar, and the nut is fixed on the compression base
On seat, the threaded screw rod is screwed onto the nut, and the regulation handle is fixed on the threaded screw rod；
Wherein, the shift motion two sides of the mobile reaction frame are arranged in the threaded screw rod.
Further, the braced frame includes: braced frame main body and is arranged in the braced frame main body
Guide rail；
The mobile reaction frame includes: mobile reaction frame main body and is fixed on the mobile reaction frame main body bottom
The liftable guide wheel in portion；
The liftable guide wheel includes: guide wheel, guide wheel support and lifting support；
The guide wheel is rotatably mounted in the guide wheel support, and the guide wheel is slidably disposed on the guiding
On track；
The lifting support is fixed between the guide wheel support and the mobile reaction frame, high for adjusting support
Degree.
Further, the braced frame further include: driving hydraulic cylinder；
The cylinder body of the driving hydraulic cylinder is fixed in the braced frame main body, the piston rod of the driving hydraulic cylinder with
The mobile reaction frame main body is connected.
Further, the sample stage includes: microscope carrier main body and the bearing plate that is disposed thereon；
Ultrasonic probe accommodation groove is offered on the bearing plate, for accommodating the ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem
Ultrasonic probe, and directly contacted with specimen surface.
Further, second force application apparatus includes: second hydraulic cylinder array pedestal, second hydraulic cylinder array and
Two pressure heads；
The second hydraulic cylinder array pedestal is fixed in the mobile reaction frame, the cylinder of the second hydraulic cylinder array
Body is fixed on the second hydraulic cylinder array pedestal；
The motion end of the second hydraulic cylinder array is fixed on second pressure head；
Wherein, the second hydraulic cylinder array includes: multiple hydraulic cylinders being evenly arranged.
Further, second pressure head includes: switching part and pressure head portion；
The motion end of the switching part and the second hydraulic cylinder array is fixedly linked；
In force direction, the sectional area in the pressure head portion is less than the sectional area of the switching part.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
The three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of the real time imagery provided in the embodiment of the present application, passes through
Three-dimensional high stress load subsystem realizes three axis force, and the position by the way that mobile reaction frame structure adjusting sample is arranged, with
So that the central point of the force acting surface of other dimension force application structures and the obverse center of sample match so as to simplicity
And to the greatest extent guarantee sample stress all-the-time stable be in center stressed state, guarantee three axis force it is reliable
Property.Hydraulic fracturing test is then realized under the cooperation of pressure break subsystem.On the other hand, pass through ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem
It realizes real-time Precise imaging, monitors sample since stress to the hydraulic fracture dynamic expansion process of progressive failure, obtain complete
Hydraulic fracturing test data, compared with the existing technology for, this programme has good pass using ultrasonic wave in solid material
The characteristics of broadcasting ability is convenient to carry out real-time visual detection to solid material by ultrasonic phased array imaging technology, be obtained
Information timing, integrality and dynamic process are more reliable, and quality is higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that three-dimensional high stress provided by the invention loads subsystem；
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the main view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is the right view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 6 is the rearview of Fig. 1；
Fig. 7 is bearing plate structural schematic diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 8 is the arrangement schematic diagram of ultrasonic probe provided by the invention；
Fig. 9 is the second force application apparatus structural schematic diagram provided by the invention；
Figure 10 is the pressure charging system schematic diagram of pressure break subsystem provided by the invention；
Figure 11 is ultrasonic phased array imaging system schematic diagram of internal structure provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present application by providing a kind of three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery,
Extension information integrity in hydraulic fracturing test crack is poor in the prior art for solution, and three axis biasing effect stability are poor, cause to test
The technical issues of conclusion poor reliability.
In order to better understand the above technical scheme, in conjunction with appended figures and specific embodiments to upper
It states technical solution to be described in detail, it should be understood that the specific features in the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment are to the application skill
The detailed description of art scheme, rather than the restriction to technical scheme, in the absence of conflict, the embodiment of the present application
And the technical characteristic in embodiment can be combined with each other.
A kind of three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery, comprising: three-dimensional high stress load
Subsystem, pressure break subsystem and ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem；Wherein, three-dimensional high stress load subsystem is for applying three
Axis active force, it is often more important that, sample deformation after capable of exerting a force with three axis of sample adjusts the position of sample, guarantees three as far as possible
The exert a force central point of acting surface of axis is located at the obverse center of sample or nearby, to guarantee that three axis exert a force equal
Even property and reliability, the actual stress of real simulation avoid it from influencing hydraulic fracturing test process, so that examination be substantially improved
The reliability tested.
It will be detailed below above structure.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the three-dimensional high stress load subsystem include: main reaction frame 1, the first force application apparatus 2,
Third force application apparatus 3, braced frame 4, mobile reaction frame 5, the second force application apparatus 6 and sample stage 51.
First force application apparatus 2 is fixed on the main reaction frame 1 with the third force application apparatus 3；The present embodiment
Middle to use typical reaction frame, first force application apparatus 2 is fixed thereon with the third force application apparatus 3, and force direction
Towards in frame；In general, sample uses regular shape, and the center for the acting surface that exerts a force is in the obverse centre bit of sample
It sets；In the present embodiment, sample uses regular square, then first force application apparatus 2 and the third force application apparatus 3 are distinguished
The center of two adjacent surfaces of face, and be vertically to be resisted against on corresponding surface.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the braced frame 4 setting is described in main 1 side of reaction frame
Mobile reaction frame 5 is slidably fixed in the braced frame 4；That is, the mobile reaction frame 5 can be relative to
The main reaction frame 1 is mobile, close to or far from the main reaction frame 1.In the present embodiment, main reaction frame 1 is classics
Frame structure, the mobile reaction frame 5 can be moved to lower portion so that first force application apparatus 2 with it is described
Third force application apparatus 3 can be applied on the sample in the mobile reaction frame 5.
Second force application apparatus 6 is fixed in the mobile reaction frame 5, and the force of second force application apparatus 6
The direction of stroke is consistent with the direction of shift motion of the mobile reaction frame 5；The sample stage is fixed on the movement
In reaction frame 5, for carrying sample；That is, second force application apparatus 6 is force with the mobile reaction frame 5
Fulcrum carries out pressure operation, correspondingly, this force application structure compressing sample generates compressive deformation, that is, moves instead along described
Compressive deformation is generated on power frame 5, this force that will lead to first force application apparatus 2 and the third force application apparatus 3 acts on
The center in face generates offset, this will affect its obverse uniform force application, will lead to uneven, uncontrollable deformation,
It is unfavorable for the simulation of actual loading, seriously affects the reliability of hydraulic fracturing test.In consideration of it, passing through mobile 5 edge of reaction frame
The force direction of second force application apparatus 6 is mobile, the force position of other bidimensionals is adjusted, so that since sample deformation causes
Eccentricity issues be adjusted.
Referring to Fig. 8, the pressure break medium output interface setting of the pressure break subsystem loads subsystem in the three-dimensional high stress
In system, for injecting pressure break medium into sample；Correspondingly, opening up a water inlet interface 71 on the sample 7.
The Ultrasonic Phased Array array of the ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem is arranged in the sample stage 51, for real
When continue to monitor hydraulic fracture expansion process in sample.That is, the uniform cloth of array that multiple ultrasonic probes 82 are constituted
It sets on each face of sample 7, forms three-D ultrasonic phased array circle.
Further, the main reaction frame 1 includes: main reaction frame main body；The main reaction frame main body is typical case
Portal frame, comprising: pedestal, top beam and symmetrically arranged first pillar and the second pillar.
The first end of first pillar and the first end of second pillar are fixed on the base, and described first
The second end of column and the second end of second pillar are fixed on the top beam；A complete reaction frame is surrounded, thus
It can be realized the function and effect of force and counter-force.
First force application apparatus 2 is fixed on the top beam, and force direction is towards the pedestal；The third force dress
It sets 3 to be fixed on second pillar, force direction is towards second pillar；Also the force application structure of two dimensions is just realized,
It is worth noting that, in the present embodiment, using the sample 7 of square, then first force application apparatus 2 and third force
Device 3 is mutually perpendicular to arrange.
The braced frame 4 is fixedly linked with the pedestal, for the mobile reaction frame 5 in the braced frame 4
It is moved on the pedestal.That is, the braced frame 4 and pedestal are contour in the present embodiment, the mobile reaction frame
5 can smoothly move in the two.
Referring to figs. 2 and 3, further, it is fixed with bearing base 12 on the pedestal, for carrying mobile reaction frame
5 and provide reaction force.It is first force application apparatus 2 to pedestal exactly that is, applying three axis active forces
When force, the mobile reaction frame 5 is supported by bearing base 12, then bears the pressure of first force application apparatus 2.
Referring to Fig. 1, further, on first pillar and it is provided with hold-down mechanism 11 on the second pillar, for pressing
The tight mobile reaction frame 5.That is, due to the movable characteristic of mobile reaction frame 5, in order to mobile when guarantee test
The nonvoluntary shaking of reaction frame 5 forces the mobile reaction frame 5 static relative to main reaction frame 1 by hold-down mechanism 11.
Specifically, the hold-down mechanism 11 includes: to compress pedestal, nut, threaded screw rod and regulation handle；The pressure
Tight pedestal is fixed on first pillar or the second pillar, and the nut is fixed on the compression pedestal, the screw thread
Screw rod is screwed onto the nut, and the regulation handle is fixed on the threaded screw rod；To rotate spiral shell by regulation handle
Line screw rod realizes axial movement, compresses mobile reaction frame 5.
In the present embodiment, the shift motion two sides of the mobile reaction frame 5 are arranged in the threaded screw rod.
Further, the braced frame 4 includes: braced frame main body and is arranged in the braced frame main body
Guide rail 41；In general, the guide rail 41 extends on bearing base 12, realizes and stablizes smoothly mobile knot
Structure.
The mobile reaction frame 5 includes: mobile reaction frame main body and is fixed on the mobile reaction frame main body
The liftable guide wheel 42 of bottom；That is to say can go up and down on support direction, so as to guarantee that the mobile reaction frame 5 is logical
The bearing base 12 being crossed, and after in place, mobile reaction frame decentralization, sets aside on bearing base 12 described in lower general who has surrendered, from
And guarantee the counterforce structure of rigidity.
Specifically, the liftable guide wheel 42 includes: guide wheel, guide wheel support and lifting support；The guide wheel can turn
It is fixed in the guide wheel support dynamicly, and the guide wheel is slidably disposed on the guide rail 41；The lifting branch
Frame is fixed between the guide wheel support and the mobile reaction frame, for adjusting bearing height.
Further, the braced frame 4 further include: driving hydraulic cylinder 43；The cylinder body of the driving hydraulic cylinder 43 is fixed
In the braced frame main body, the piston rod of the driving hydraulic cylinder 43 is connected with the mobile reaction frame main body；To
Realize easily driving operation.
Further, the sample stage 51 includes: microscope carrier main body and the bearing plate being disposed thereon 8.
Referring to Fig. 7, ultrasonic probe accommodation groove 81 is offered on the bearing plate 8, for accommodating the ultrasonic phase array
The ultrasonic probe 82 of imaging subsystems.That is, in test, ultrasonic probe 82 abut directly against pressure head and sample it
Between, realize reliable Imaging: Monitoring.
Referring to Fig. 9, second force application apparatus 6 include: second hydraulic cylinder array pedestal 61, second hydraulic cylinder array 62 with
And second pressure head 53.
The second hydraulic cylinder array pedestal 61 is fixed in the mobile reaction frame 5, the second hydraulic cylinder array
62 cylinder body is fixed on the second hydraulic cylinder array pedestal 61；The motion end of the second hydraulic cylinder array 62 is fixed on institute
It states on the second pressure head 53；Wherein, the second hydraulic cylinder array 62 includes: multiple hydraulic cylinders being evenly arranged.
It is applied on sample that is, providing pressure by the resultant force of multiple hydraulic cylinders.It is worth noting that, such energy
Realize that flexible force is adjusted whether enough opening and closings by reasonably adjusting hydraulic cylinder, so that triaxiality difference is accurately controlled
System, that is, accurately can reliably to adjust triaxiality poor.Importantly, the mode of assembled hydraulic cylinder can reliably press down
Make influence of the fit clearance of existing single cylinder force application structure to force precision.
It is worth noting that in the present embodiment, the first force application apparatus 2, third force application apparatus 3 and the second force application apparatus 6
Structure it is identical, correspondingly, the first force application apparatus 2 is applied on the high-strength bearing plate on sample top by First Transition block 54,
Third force application apparatus 3 is applied on the high-strength bearing plate of sample side by third transition block 54, is played and is uniformly transferred load
Effect.Before test by high molecular material oil refill between bearing plate and specimen surface, play the role of reducing friction.
The three-dimensional high stress load subsystem combines control mode with micrometeor servopump using big flow servo valve, real
High-precision control principal stress difference when long during existing fast application early period high stress and test.
In order to guarantee the smooth movement of pressure head, second pressure head 53 includes: switching part and pressure head portion；The switching part
It is fixedly linked with the motion end of the second hydraulic cylinder array；In force direction, the sectional area in the pressure head portion is less than described
The sectional area of switching part, that is to say, that the switching part has biggish fixed-area, so as to carry multiple hydraulic cylinders, institute
It states pressure head portion to be only operated on sample, does not need biggish area；So as to guarantee the portion being applied directly on sample
Divide and have lesser volume, convenient for assembly.
Referring to Figure 10, a kind of hydraulic booster structure is provided, mainly includes hydraulic station 91, servo valve 92, supercharging device 93
With pressure duct 94, which, to fracturing fluid is injected inside sample, can simulate live high pressure, huge discharge waterpower with regime flow
Fracturing process.
In general, fracturing fluid includes water, supercritical CO2, slippery water etc..The supercharging device has corrosion-resistant and airtight
Sexual function adapts to different types of fracturing fluid, can be to injection high pressure fracture liquid inside sample.
Referring to Figure 11, the ultrasonic phased array imaging system mainly includes three-D ultrasonic phased array circle, transmitting and reception
Circuit, digital signal processing circuit and data processing and control module, for the controllable ultrasonic excitation signal of multichannel generation, connect
Receive and amplify echo-signal, large scale digital acquisition process etc..The three-D ultrasonic phased array circle is mainly by 6 surfaces of sample
Ultrasonic Phased Array array composition.The Ultrasonic Phased Array array is embedded on bearing plate, and 6 groups of ultrasonic phased array are listed in sample
Periphery forms three-D ultrasonic phased array circle, and transmission signal can be enhanced, avoid the dry of acoustic imaging between multiple hydraulic fractures
It disturbs, efficient and Precise imaging is carried out to the hydraulic fracture with three-dimensional space shape.The transmitter and receiver circuit includes phased
Transmitting excitation generation module and echo reception module, for transmitting pumping signal to array of ultrasonic sensors, and receive echo
Signal.The digital signal processing circuit include echo-signal conditioning module, A/D conversion module, high precision phase control transmitting module,
Electron scanning switching module and digital beamforming module focus rule for generating, on the one hand control electron scanning switching,
Realize the deflection and dynamic focusing of acoustic beam, on the other hand the focusing rule can be used to realize that the multi-angle of three-dimensional space is multi-faceted
It looks into and sweeps.The data processing and control module are used to develop the application software and three-dimensional data processing software of instrument, it is contemplated that
Big feature that rock material acoustic impedance differs greatly, signal is decayed, the capture of integrated use complete matrix, tomoscan, synthetic aperture
The means such as focusing and total focus three-dimensional imaging carry out real-time Precise imaging to three-dimensional hydraulic crack.By the three-dimensional cracking of acquisition
Image carries out digitized processing, using statistical method, surveys to different moments hydraulic fracture (including angle, mark length etc.)
Amount and analysis, the crack initiation of quantitative description hydraulic fracture, extension and perforation process, further disclose the formation mechenism of hydraulic fracture.
A kind of specific embodiment is provided below.
It is described three-dimensional high stress load subsystem be suitable for more sized samples, specimen size be 500 × 500 × 500mm or
300×300×300mm.Using the three-dimensional high stress loading system, can be adjusted in hydraulic cylinder array according to size of sample
Cylinder quantity is closed, the problem for avoiding the stress difference as caused by the area enlarge-effect of different sized samples excessive.When sample ruler
Very little when being 300 × 300 × 300mm, symmetrical 50% hydraulic cylinder chosen is loaded, remaining 50% oil cylinder " closing cylinder ", no
Applied force, to ensure that the accurate control of principal stress difference.
A., rock sample is processed into the cuboid sample of 500 × 500 × 500mm or 300 × 300 × 300mm, and is appointed in sample
It drills at one centre of surface, drilling depth is about the 1/2 of sample side length, as fracturing fluid injection hole；
B. high molecular material lubricating oil is smeared in specimen surface, be put into large-tonnage three-dimensional reaction frame, by high-strength pressure-bearing
Plate is placed between specimen surface and pressure head, plays the role of uniformly transferring load；
C. according to actual reservoir ambient stress, three directions are further applied load simultaneously.If specimen size be 300 × 300 ×
The hydraulic cylinder of 300mm, symmetrical selection 50% are loaded, remaining 50% oil cylinder " closing cylinder ".
When starting load, big flow servo valve fast application high stress is first used, when then long by micrometeor servopump
Finely control stress value size, cooperate high frequency response and it is long when fine coupled servo control software, realize that ultrahigh stress is finely grown
When control.In loading procedure, the mobile reaction frame on second principal stress direction can be according to the deformation of sample and in guide rail
It is upper to be slided accordingly, so that during the central point and sample of the force acting surface of the force application structure of other dimensions are obverse
The heart matches, this structure can significantly improve the centering problem of sample in three-dimensional full rigidity loading frame.
D. sample is restored to reservoir ambient stress, the pressure duct of pressure break servo pressure charging system is connected to sample pressure
It splits in liquid injection hole, and seals the gap between pipeline and injection hole with epoxide-resin glue；
E. to while injecting fracturing fluid inside sample, ultrasonic phased array imaging system is opened.Using the liquid based on FPGA
Pressure load SERVO CONTROL and ultrasonic phase array control hardware platform, and the programmable digital formula for carrying out phased array mesohigh electricity chip is prolonged
When pulse excitation and receive the control of signal, and it is synchronous carry out fracturing fluid pressure signal digital closed loop servo loading control, it is real
Existing same hardware platform is synchronous to carry out ultrasonic phase array control and hydraulic loaded SERVO CONTROL, achievees the purpose that time synchronization.
F. the phase control emission excitation generation module in ultrasonic phased array imaging system transmits pumping signal to ultrasonic wave first
Phased array, ultrasonic sensor convert acoustic signals for pumping signal and pass to sample；After sample receives acoustic signals
Echo-signal is generated, and passes to echo reception module；By collected original echoed signals according to phase array focusing rule into
Row processing, to obtain required imaging data, as shown in Figure 4.
G. pressure break servo pressure charging system with regime flow to injecting fracturing fluid inside sample, with fracturing fluid injection pressure by
Edge up height, hydraulic fracture start germinating, extension, the three-dimensional digital information in ultrasonic phased array imaging system real-time update crack and at
Then picture is handled image, accurately to the three-dimensional space shape feature of all hydraulic fractures (including angle, mark long etc.) into
Row quantitatively characterizing.
H. it reduces and tends towards stability suddenly to pressure break hydraulic coupling, hydraulic fracture is completely through sample destroys, and pressure break is watched at this time
Work, off-test should be simultaneously stopped by taking pressure charging system and ultrasonic phased array imaging system.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
The three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of the real time imagery provided in the embodiment of the present application, passes through
Three-dimensional high stress load subsystem realizes three axis force, and the position by the way that mobile reaction frame structure adjusting sample is arranged, with
So that the central point of the force acting surface of the force application structure of other dimensions and the obverse center of sample match so as to letter
Just and to the greatest extent guarantee the stress all-the-time stable of sample is in center stressed state, guarantees the reliable of three axis force
Property.Hydraulic fracturing test is then carried out under the cooperation of pressure break subsystem.On the other hand, pass through ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem
It realizes real-time Precise imaging, monitors sample since stress to the hydraulic fracture dynamic expansion process of progressive failure, obtain complete
Hydraulic fracturing test data, compared with the existing technology for, the information timing of acquisition, integrality and dynamic process more may be used
It leans on, quality is higher.
It should be noted last that the above specific embodiment is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it,
Although being described the invention in detail referring to example, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to the present invention
Technical solution be modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should all cover
In the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery characterized by comprising three-dimensional high
Stress loading subsystem, pressure break subsystem and ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem；
The three-dimensional high stress load subsystem includes: main reaction frame, the first force application apparatus, third force application apparatus, support frame
Frame, mobile reaction frame, the second force application apparatus and sample stage；
First force application apparatus and the third force application apparatus are fixed on the main reaction frame；
The braced frame is arranged in the main reaction frame side, and the mobile reaction frame is slidably fixed to the branch
On support frame frame；
Second force application apparatus is fixed in the mobile reaction frame, and the side of the forcing stroke of second force application apparatus
To consistent with the direction of shift motion of the mobile reaction frame；
The sample stage is fixed in the mobile reaction frame, for carrying sample；
The pressure break medium output interface setting of the pressure break subsystem is used in the three-dimensional high stress load subsystem to examination
Pressure break medium is injected in sample；
The Ultrasonic Phased Array array of the ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem is arranged in the sample stage, is used for real-time continuous
Monitor the hydraulic fracture expansion process in sample.
2. the three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery as described in claim 1, feature exist
In the main reaction frame includes: main reaction frame main body；
The main reaction frame main body includes: pedestal, top beam and symmetrically arranged first pillar and the second pillar；
The first end of first pillar and the first end of second pillar are fixed on the base, first pillar
Second end and the second end of second pillar are fixed on the top beam；
First force application apparatus is fixed on the top beam, and force direction is towards the pedestal；
The third force application apparatus is fixed on second pillar, and force direction is towards second pillar；
The braced frame is fixedly linked with the pedestal, for the mobile reaction frame in the braced frame and the bottom
It is moved on seat.
3. the three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery as claimed in claim 2, feature exist
In bearing base being fixed on the pedestal, for carrying mobile reaction frame and providing reaction force.
4. the three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery as claimed in claim 2, feature exist
In on first pillar and hold-down mechanism being provided on the second pillar, for compressing the mobile reaction frame.
5. the three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery as claimed in claim 4, feature exist
In the hold-down mechanism includes: to compress pedestal, nut, threaded screw rod and regulation handle；
The compression pedestal is fixed on first pillar or the second pillar, and the nut is fixed on the compression pedestal
On, the threaded screw rod is screwed onto the nut, and the regulation handle is fixed on the threaded screw rod；
Wherein, the shift motion two sides of the mobile reaction frame are arranged in the threaded screw rod.
6. the three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery as described in claim 1, feature exist
In the guide rail that, the braced frame includes: braced frame main body and is arranged in the braced frame main body；
The mobile reaction frame includes: mobile reaction frame main body and is fixed on the mobile reaction frame bottom part body
Liftable guide wheel；
The liftable guide wheel includes: guide wheel, guide wheel support and lifting support；
The guide wheel is rotatably mounted in the guide wheel support, and the guide wheel is slidably disposed on the guide rail
On；
The lifting support is fixed between the guide wheel support and the mobile reaction frame, for adjusting bearing height.
7. the three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery as claimed in claim 6, feature exist
In the braced frame further include: driving hydraulic cylinder；
The cylinder body of the driving hydraulic cylinder is fixed in the braced frame main body, the piston rod of the driving hydraulic cylinder with it is described
Mobile reaction frame main body is connected.
8. the three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery as described in claim 1, feature exist
In the bearing plate that, the sample stage includes: microscope carrier main body and is disposed thereon；
Ultrasonic probe accommodation groove is offered on the bearing plate, for accommodating the ultrasound of the ultrasonic phased array imaging subsystem
Wave probe, and directly contacted with specimen surface.
9. the three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery as described in any one of claims 1 to 8,
It is characterized in that, second force application apparatus includes: second hydraulic cylinder array pedestal, second hydraulic cylinder array and the second pressure
Head；
The second hydraulic cylinder array pedestal is fixed in the mobile reaction frame, and the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder array is solid
It is scheduled on the second hydraulic cylinder array pedestal；
The motion end of the second hydraulic cylinder array is fixed on second pressure head；
Wherein, the second hydraulic cylinder array includes: multiple hydraulic cylinders being evenly arranged.
10. the three-dimensional high stress hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment system of real time imagery as claimed in claim 8, feature exist
In second pressure head includes: switching part and pressure head portion；
The motion end of the switching part and the second hydraulic cylinder array is fixedly linked；
In force direction, the sectional area in the pressure head portion is less than the sectional area of the switching part.
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