CN110132720B - Underwater resiliometer for detecting strength of underwater concrete and method thereof - Google Patents
Underwater resiliometer for detecting strength of underwater concrete and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110132720B CN110132720B CN201910496238.0A CN201910496238A CN110132720B CN 110132720 B CN110132720 B CN 110132720B CN 201910496238 A CN201910496238 A CN 201910496238A CN 110132720 B CN110132720 B CN 110132720B
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/52—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by measuring extent of rebound of a striking body
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Abstract
The invention discloses a resiliometer, which comprises a shell, wherein the tail part of the shell is provided with a tail cover, the front end of the shell is provided with a tension spring seat, and the tension spring seat is fixed at the front end of the shell by an end cover; a central guide rod is arranged in the shell, the tail end of the central guide rod is fixed on the guide flange, and the front end of the central guide rod is inserted from the rear end of the striking rod and is connected with the striking rod through a buffer spring; the front end of the elastic striking rod penetrates out of the central hole of the tension spring seat; gaps between the outer wall of the tapping rod and the inner hole walls of the tension spring seat and the end cover are between 100 mu m and 1 mm; the side wall of the shell is provided with a pointer structure for indicating the maximum rebound amplitude of the elastic hammer; the side wall of the casing is also provided with an air pipe interface mounting hole for mounting an air pipe interface. The method solves the problem that the conventional rebound method cannot detect the concrete strength in a deep water environment, and reduces a large amount of workload of underwater drilling and coring and the destructiveness to buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a resiliometer, in particular to a resiliometer for detecting the strength of an underwater concrete structure.
Background
The rebound method is the most common method for detecting the strength of the concrete structure at present and is one of the most effective methods. The principle of the rebound method is that after a heavy hammer moving in a rebound instrument impacts an impact rod which is propped against the surface of concrete with certain impact kinetic energy, the heavy hammer rebounds and drives a pointer moving block to obtain a rebound value reflecting the rebound distance of the heavy hammer, and the strength of the concrete is calculated according to the rebound value. Typically, conventional rebound processes can only be performed in dry environments. For concrete structures in hydraulic buildings such as underground culverts and water conveying tunnels in hydraulic engineering, the concrete structures are in an underwater environment for a long time, and the hydraulic engineering usually does not have emptying conditions, so that the concrete strength of the concrete structures is difficult to detect by using a conventional rebound method. Therefore, the research on a feasible underwater resiliometer and a method thereof for detecting the underwater concrete strength in situ is a work to be carried out urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rebound instrument which has a novel and unique structure, is convenient to use and can be used for detecting the strength of underwater concrete; the specific technical scheme is as follows:
an underwater resiliometer for detecting the strength of underwater concrete comprises a shell, wherein the tail part of the shell is provided with a tail cover, the front end of the shell is provided with a tension spring seat, and the tension spring seat is fixed at the front end of the shell by an end cover; a central guide rod is arranged in the shell, the tail end of the central guide rod is fixed on the guide flange, and the front end of the central guide rod is inserted from the rear end of the striking rod and is connected with the striking rod through a buffer spring; the front end of the elastic striking rod penetrates out of the central hole of the tension spring seat; gaps between the outer wall of the striking rod and the inner hole walls of the tension spring seat and the end cover are between 100 mu m and 1 mm; the center guide rod is sleeved with an elastic hammer, and the guide flange is provided with a hook capable of hooking the elastic hammer; a pressure spring is arranged between the guide flange and the tail cover; the elastic hammer is connected with the tension spring seat through a tension spring; the side wall of the shell is provided with a pointer structure for indicating the maximum rebound amplitude of the elastic hammer; the side wall of the shell is also provided with an air pipe interface mounting hole for mounting an air pipe interface; the front end of the shell is also provided with a gas collecting hood; a drainage channel is arranged on the bottom surface of the opening end of the gas-collecting hood, and the end surface of the opening end is made of flexible materials; the top end position of the striking rod during striking is between the end surface of the opening end which is not pressed to deform and the maximum pressed deformation surface.
Further, a sealing structure is arranged at the position where the pointer structure is installed on the machine shell.
Further, the tension spring seat is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or an inner hole is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
Further, the side wall of the tapping rod is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
Further, a gap between the outer wall of the elastic striking rod and the inner hole wall of the tension spring seat is between 100 and 200 microns; the aperture of the inner hole of the end cover is larger than or equal to that of the inner hole of the tension spring seat.
Furthermore, the gas collecting hood is horn-shaped and made of silica gel.
The invention also discloses a using method of the resiliometer, which comprises the following steps:
1) the air pipe interface mounting hole is provided with an air pipe interface and an air pipe and is connected with an air source through the air pipe;
2) according to the submergence depth, adjusting the pressure of the gas source to be 0.1 to 1 atmosphere greater than the water pressure of a measurement site;
3) carrying the resiliometer by a diver to submerge into water, carrying out rebound detection, statistical calculation and sampling calculation on an underwater concrete structure;
4) and correcting the underwater measured value.
The invention solves the problem that the concrete strength under the deep water environment cannot be detected by the conventional rebound method, reduces a large amount of workload of underwater drilling and coring and destructiveness to buildings, can quickly and accurately detect a target building by the underwater resiliometer, has lower impact area and impact destruction degree to the target building, and can provide an effective way for nondestructive detection of the strength of a corresponding underwater concrete structure by the established conversion table of the wetland concrete strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the resiliometer of the present invention (extended state);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the resiliometer configuration of the present invention (retracted state);
FIG. 3 is a partially exploded view of a schematic diagram of a resiliometer according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a partial exploded view of the schematic diagram of the resiliometer of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. fastening a nut; 2. a zero set screw; 3. hooking; 4. a hook pin; 5. a button; 6. a housing; 6-1, an indicator sealing table; 6-2, mounting holes for air pipe interfaces; 7. a percussion hammer; 8. a tension spring seat; 11. a tapping rod; 12. An end cap; 13. buffering a pressure spring; 14. the tension spring is flicked; 16. a pointer sheet; 17. a pointer block; 18. a center guide bar; 19. A pointer shaft; 20. a guide flange; 22. a pressure spring; 23. a tail cover; 24. and a gas-collecting hood.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be more fully described with reference to the following examples. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "lower" can encompass both an upper and a lower orientation. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the underwater resiliometer for detecting the strength of underwater concrete in the embodiment includes a casing 6, a tail cover 23 is disposed at the tail of the casing 6, a tension spring seat 8 is disposed at the front end of the casing 6, and the tension spring seat 8 is fixed at the front end of the casing 6 by an end cover 12; a central guide rod 18 is arranged in the shell 6, the tail end of the central guide rod 18 is fixed on a guide flange 20, and the front end of the central guide rod 18 is inserted from the rear end of the striking rod 11 and is connected with the striking rod 11 through a buffer compression spring 13; the front end of the striking rod 11 penetrates out of the central hole of the tension spring seat 8; the central guide rod 18 is sleeved with a spring hammer 7, and the guide flange 20 is provided with a hook 3 capable of hooking the spring hammer 7; a pressure spring 22 is arranged between the guide flange 20 and the tail cover 23; the spring hammer 7 is connected with the tension spring seat 8 through a spring tension spring 14; the side wall of the casing 6 is provided with a pointer structure for indicating the maximum rebound amplitude of the elastic hammer 7.
The guide flange 20 is provided with 2 guide grooves along the axial direction; the inner wall of the shell 6 is correspondingly provided with a guide rail along the central shaft direction of the shell 6; the guide grooves and the guide rails cooperate to allow the guide flange 20 to slide along the central axis of the housing 6. The hook pin 4 of the hook 3 is arranged on the guide flange 20, and the axial direction of the hook pin 4 is parallel to the upper surface of the guide flange 20; a strip-shaped through hole is formed in the guide flange 20, a hook of the hook 3 is arranged below the strip-shaped through hole, and the tail of the hook 3 is arranged above the strip-shaped through hole; the hook 3 can rotate around the hook pin 4. The tail part of the hook 3 and the upper surface of the guide flange 20 are provided with compression springs, and the tail part of the hook 3 is jacked up through the compression springs. The hook of the hook 3 extends out from the lower part of the strip-shaped through hole and hooks the protruding edge at the top of the elastic hammer 7.
The zero-setting screw 2 is arranged below the tail cover 23, and the height of the zero-setting screw 2 can be changed by rotating the zero-setting screw to adjust the initial position of the trigger hook 3 unhooking from the elastic hammer 7. After the adjustment is completed, the position of the zero set screw 2 is locked by fastening the nut 1.
The pointer structure comprises a pointer shaft 19 and a pointer block 17 sleeved on the pointer shaft 19; an elastic pointer sheet 16 which inclines inwards and downwards is fixed on the pointer block 17; the pointer block 17 slides along the pointer shaft 19. When the hammer 7 moves downward, the side wall presses the pointer piece 16 to reduce the inclination angle of the pointer piece 16, and the pointer piece 17 does not move due to the friction between the pointer piece 17 and the pointer shaft 19. When rebounding, the pointer piece 16 is already opened due to elasticity, and the top surface of the elastic hammer 7 pushes against the pointer piece 16 to drive the pointer block 17 to move upwards.
The guide flange 20 is provided with a pointer reset groove along the axial direction, and the guide flange 20 moves downwards under the action of the pressure spring 22 to reset the pointer block 17 on the needle shaft 19.
The button 5 includes a button holder, a return spring, and a button lever. The reset spring enables the button rod to retract into the button seat; when the button rod is pressed from the outside, the button rod overcomes the elasticity of the return spring and extends out of the button seat, the clamping head at the top of the button rod clamps the clamping groove at the top of the guide flange 20 and is locked by the clamping groove, and the button rod cannot rebound even if being loosened by hand. The clamping head prevents the pressure spring 22 from pushing the guide flange 20 to move downwards. After rebounding, the position of the guide flange 20 can be locked by pressing the button 5, so that the guide flange 20 is prevented from moving downwards and touching the pointer block 17; the reading is changed.
The structure is basically consistent with that of a general resiliometer; the snap ring and the felt pad at the front end of the universal resiliometer are removed.
In the embodiment, enough gaps are reserved between the outer wall of the impact rod 11 and the inner hole walls of the tension spring seat 8 and the end cover 12, and the gaps are between 100 mu m and 1 mm; the high pressure air flows out mainly through the gap, forming a blister in front of the end cap 12. When the striking rod 11 retracts gradually along with the increase of the pushing force of the operator and approaches the front end of the end cover 12, a mixed environment of air bubbles and water is formed between the top end of the striking rod 11 and the surface of the tested cement. When the elastic hammer 7 impacts the elastic rod 11, the fluid between the top end of the elastic rod 11 and the surface of the tested cement, including water or water and air bubbles, is extruded and discharged to the periphery; the impact of this portion of the fluid on the rebound of the tapping rod 11 under impact is substantially negligible due to the presence of the easily deformable bubble at the periphery. When no air bubble exists, only water exists between the top end of the tapping rod 11 and the surface of the tested cement, and during impact, because the water is difficult to compress, the impact on the tapping rod 11 is relatively large after the water is impacted, and the model simulation correction is difficult because of no repeatability.
The side wall of the shell 6 is also provided with an air pipe interface mounting hole 6-2 for mounting an air pipe interface. The air pipe interface and the air pipe are arranged in the air pipe interface mounting hole 6-2 and are connected with an air source through the air pipe; water is prevented from entering the shell through high-pressure gas, and the normal work of the resiliometer is influenced.
In order to generate more bubbles in front of the end cover 12, the other parts of the casing 6 except the front end are sealed as much as possible, and the gas discharge is reduced. First, a seal structure is provided at a position where the pointer structure is mounted. The sealing structure can adopt sealant to seal the gap of the pointer structure. Or an indicator sealing table 6-1 can be arranged, and a sealing groove is arranged on the edge of the sealing strip; forming the sealing cap from a transparent material such as glass or plastic; and (3) pressing the sealing cover on the indicator sealing table 6-1 by using a screw, and plugging the gap by using a sealing strip for sealing.
When necessary, the matching precision between the button seat and the button rod in the button 5 can be improved, and the leakage of air out of the button 5 can be reduced.
The tension spring seat 8 can also be made of polytetrafluoroethylene with low friction coefficient or the inner hole of the tension spring seat 8 can be coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.
The side walls of the tapping rod 11 may also be coated with teflon. Through reducing the frictional force between impact rod 11 and the extension spring seat 8, avoid influencing the resilience measurement because of the gap increase between the outer wall of impact rod 11 and the inner hole wall of extension spring seat 8.
The gap between the outer wall of the elastic striking rod 11 and the inner hole wall of the tension spring seat 8 is between 100 and 200 mu m; the inner hole diameter of the end cover 12 is larger than or equal to the inner hole diameter of the tension spring seat 8. The gap is too small, and the generated bubbles are difficult to cover the space between the top end of the tapping rod 11 and the surface of the tested cement; if the gap is too large, the impact hammer 7 can generate large swing when moving, and the measurement of rebound is influenced.
In order to reduce the water content between the top end of the striking rod 11 and the surface of the tested cement as much as possible; as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the front end of the casing 6 in this embodiment is further provided with a gas collecting hood 24; the bottom surface of the opening end of the gas-collecting hood is provided with a drainage channel, and the end surface of the opening end is made of flexible materials; the top end position of the striking rod during striking is between the end surface of the opening end which is not pressed to deform and the maximum pressed deformation surface. When the tester is used, the drainage channel is downward, an operator pushes the resiliometer to move forward, and the gas-collecting hood 24 is firstly contacted with the tested cement surface in the retraction process of the bouncing rod 11. Forming a cavity with an outlet at the bottom. The air flowing out of the end cover 12 gradually extrudes the water in the cavity from the drainage groove at the bottom, and an air cavity is formed in the air collecting hood 24; so that substantially no water is present between the top end of the tapping rod 11 and the surface of the cement being tested. Minimizing the effect of water on the rebound measurement of the resiliometer.
The gas-collecting hood can be made into a horn shape and is made of silica gel. The front end of the gas collecting hood can be in a threaded tubular shape, so that the contractibility is better.
When in use, firstly, the air pipe interface and the air pipe are arranged in the air pipe interface mounting hole 6-2 and are connected with an air source through the air pipe; then, according to the submergence depth, adjusting the pressure of the air source to be 0.1 to 1 atmosphere greater than the water pressure of a measurement site; the air source can be an air pump or an air bottle.
Detecting the wall below the water surface of a certain water delivery culvert, and considering that the type of the corrosion environment of the structure is two, the structure is in the environment of underwater or underground water for a long time; the water surface air supply type light diving harness is selected as auxiliary equipment for underwater detection diving operation of a diver. On the concrete pouring side surface of the structure to be measured, selecting an original concrete surface without a loose layer, laitance, oil dirt and a honeycomb pitted surface, and sampling and arranging a plurality of rebound measurement areas (the area is 200mm multiplied by 200 mm). The method comprises the following steps that a diver carries an underwater rebound tester to dive into a hydraulic building to be detected, rebound detection is carried out on a concrete structure in a deep water environment, and after the diver finishes the rebound detection once, the measured rebound value and the number of a detection area are reported to ground personnel and recorded by using underwater communication equipment.
The specific requirement and the specific operation method of the return operation bomb are as follows:
each measuring area should read 16 resilience values, and the resilience value reading of each measuring point should be accurate to 1. Measuring points are preferably uniformly distributed in the measuring area, and the clear distance between adjacent two side points is not preferably less than 20 mm; the distance between a measuring point and the external leakage steel bar and the embedded part is not less than 30 mm; the measuring point should not be on the air hole or the outer gravel, and the same measuring point should be flicked once.
(1) The elastic striking rod is abutted against the surface of the concrete, and meanwhile, the air guide gasket is kept to be attached to the surface of the concrete, the shape of the air guide gasket can smooth air flow, so that compressed air is smoothly sprayed into water from the air guide gasket; lightly press the instrument to loosen the button, and when the pressure is released, the elastic rod extends out, and the hook is hung with the elastic hammer.
(2) The axis of the instrument is kept to be always vertical to the surface of the concrete and slowly and uniformly applied, after the elastic hammer unhooks and impacts the elastic rod, the elastic hammer rebounds to drive the pointer to move backwards to a certain position, and the indication scale line on the pointer block shows a certain numerical value on the graduated scale, namely the rebound value.
(3) And enabling the instrument core to continuously support against the surface of the concrete to read and record the rebound value. If the conditions are not favorable for reading, the button can be pressed down, the movement is locked, and the instrument is moved to the other position for reading.
(4) The tapping rod is extended out of the instrument for the next use.
And (4) performing statistical calculation, namely calculating the average rebound value of each measuring area, removing 3 maximum values and 3 minimum values from the 16 underwater rebound values of each measuring area, and calculating the average value of the rest 10 underwater rebound values to serve as the wetland rebound value of the measuring area.
Sampling calculation, screening all measurement areas, selecting 10% of the measurement areas according to the height from the measurement areas to the water surface, coring, detecting the carbonization depth of the core sample according to the standard requirement to obtain the carbonization depth value, performing dry land rebound experiment, removing 3 maximum and 3 minimum values from 16 underwater rebound values of each measurement area, and calculating the average value of the rest 10 rebound values to serve as the dry land rebound value.
In the embodiment, 130 groups of underwater measuring areas of the water delivery culvert are detected, 15 groups of measuring areas with different depths are selected as samples, cores are taken at the positions of the samples, and carbonization depth detection and dry land rebound experiments are carried out on the core samples to obtain carbonization depth values and dry land rebound values.
Correction processing, in order to eliminate the error of the underwater operation, the 15 sets of data were first selected to obtain table 1.
TABLE 1 test data
| Numbering | Depth of water (m) | Carbonization depth (mm) | Rebound value of wetland | Dry land rebound value |
| HTSY-1 | 0.21 | 0.48 | 32 | 35.1 |
| HTSY-2 | 1.42 | 0.71 | 27.1 | 29.2 |
| ...... | ...... | ...... | ...... | ...... |
| HTSY-12 | 15.2 | 4.3 | 17.2 | 20.1 |
| ...... | ...... | ...... | ...... | ........ |
Establishing a relation f between water depth and carbonization depthHCIf the relation is a polynomial combination, fHCWhere y is the water depth and x is the carbonization depth, the slope coefficient b is 0.257 and the intercept coefficient a is 0.387, which are obtained by fitting calculation.
Establishing a relation f between the wetland rebound value and the dry land rebound value in the same measuring areaRThe relational expression can be selected from a polynomial combination form, then fRThe expression is expressed as Y ═ cX + d, where Y is the dry land resilience value and X is the wet land resilience value, and the slope coefficient c is 0.9998 and the intercept coefficient d is 2.7045, obtained by fitting calculation.
According to the relation fHCAnd fREstablishing a wet land concrete strength conversion table (table 2):
the first column in the table is the dry land resilience value in the example, the average resilience value is named in the specification, and the wetland resilience value in the first column of brackets is obtained by underwater detection and calculation of the example;
the depth of carbonation in the table is obtained from the original specification by fHCAnd (4) obtaining the corresponding water depth, wherein 'none' indicates that the maximum value and the minimum value which are not reached by the current detection and no detection data exist.
TABLE 2 conversion table of concrete strength of wet land
And (4) calculating by table lookup to obtain the underwater concrete strength of all 130 groups of the measuring areas of the high culvert and the low culvert of the water delivery culvert, and referring to table 3.
TABLE 3 Underwater rebound detection result table (Unit: MPa)
The measured values meeting the standard can be obtained by correction. The method can be further improved, the displacement of the pointer is read by using a sensor, and the reading is corrected by using an intelligent chip such as a single chip microcomputer and a DSP (digital signal processor), so that the measured rebound value is directly obtained.
The above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and besides, there are many different embodiments, which can be conceived by those skilled in the art after understanding the idea of the present invention, and therefore, they are not listed here.
Claims (7)
1. The underwater resiliometer for detecting the strength of underwater concrete is characterized by comprising a shell, wherein the tail part of the shell is provided with a tail cover, the front end of the shell is provided with a tension spring seat, and the tension spring seat is fixed at the front end of the shell by an end cover; a central guide rod is arranged in the shell, the tail end of the central guide rod is fixed on the guide flange, and the front end of the central guide rod is inserted from the rear end of the striking rod and is connected with the striking rod through a buffer spring; the front end of the elastic striking rod penetrates out of the central hole of the tension spring seat; gaps between the outer wall of the striking rod and the inner hole walls of the tension spring seat and the end cover are between 100 mu m and 1 mm; the center guide rod is sleeved with an elastic hammer, and the guide flange is provided with a hook capable of hooking the elastic hammer; a pressure spring is arranged between the guide flange and the tail cover; the elastic hammer is connected with the tension spring seat through a tension spring; the side wall of the shell is provided with a pointer structure for indicating the maximum rebound amplitude of the elastic hammer; the side wall of the casing is also provided with an air pipe interface mounting hole for mounting an air pipe interface, and the front end of the casing is also provided with a gas collecting hood; a drainage channel is arranged on the bottom surface of the opening end of the gas-collecting hood, and the end surface of the opening end is made of flexible materials; the top end position of the striking rod during striking is between the end surface of the opening end which is not pressed to deform and the maximum pressed deformation surface.
2. The resiliometer of claim 1, wherein a seal is provided in the housing at the location where said pointer structure is mounted.
3. The resiliometer of claim 1, wherein said tension spring seat is made of or coated with teflon.
4. The resiliometer of claim 1, wherein the side walls of said tapping rod are coated with teflon.
5. The resiliometer of claim 1, wherein the gap between the outer wall of the tapping rod and the inner wall of the tension spring seat is between 100 μm and 200 μm; the aperture of the inner hole of the end cover is larger than or equal to that of the inner hole of the tension spring seat.
6. The resiliometer of claim 1, wherein said gas-collecting enclosure is flared and made of silicone.
7. Use of a resiliometer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) the air pipe interface mounting hole is provided with an air pipe interface and an air pipe and is connected with an air source through the air pipe;
2) according to the submergence depth, adjusting the pressure of the gas source to be 0.1 to 1 atmosphere greater than the water pressure of a measurement site;
3) carrying the resiliometer by a diver to submerge into water, carrying out rebound detection, statistical calculation and sampling calculation on an underwater concrete structure;
4) and correcting the underwater measured value.
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| CN109813619B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2021-09-07 | 杭州华能工程安全科技股份有限公司 | Underwater resiliometer |
| CN111965060B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2023-06-09 | 河海大学 | Press-in type on-site rebound modulus measuring device |
| CN113640162B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2023-08-04 | 中国化学工程第三建设有限公司 | Pneumatic concrete resiliometer device |
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