CN110127591A - 传感器封装件及其制作方法 - Google Patents

传感器封装件及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN110127591A
CN110127591A CN201810994009.7A CN201810994009A CN110127591A CN 110127591 A CN110127591 A CN 110127591A CN 201810994009 A CN201810994009 A CN 201810994009A CN 110127591 A CN110127591 A CN 110127591A
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silicon layer
fixed frame
clamping head
layer
movable platform
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CN110127591B (zh
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孙志铭
蔡明翰
李侑道
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Pixart Imaging Inc
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Pixart Imaging Inc
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    • B81B3/0018Structures acting upon the moving or flexible element for transforming energy into mechanical movement or vice versa, i.e. actuators, sensors, generators
    • B81B3/0021Transducers for transforming electrical into mechanical energy or vice versa
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

提供一种传感器封装件,包含固定框、可动平台、弹性复位件以及传感芯片。所述可动平台可相对所述固定框移动并用于乘载所述传感芯片。所述弹性复位件连接于所述固定框与所述可动平台之间,用于使移动的所述可动平台回复至原始位置。所述传感芯片设置于所述弹性复位件上,以通过所述弹性复位件传送检测数据。

Description

传感器封装件及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明有关一种传感器封装件,更特别有关一种将传感器设置于微机电系统致动器的可动平台的具有可动式传感器的封装件及其制作方法。
背景技术
微机电系统(MEMS)是通过蚀刻硅晶圆而形成的微机械结构,并可用作为将电信号转换为机械运动的微机电系统致动器(MEMS actuator),用于控制极细微的动作。
在包含自动聚焦(AF)或光学稳定(OIS)功能的图像获取装置中,则可使用微机电系统致动器以实现焦距及取样位置的精确调整。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有可动式传感器的封装件及其制作方法,其具有设置于弹性结构上的传感芯片,该弹性结构同时具有复位及传递电信号的功能。
本发明提供一种传感器封装件,包含微机电系统致动器、至少一个弹性复位件以及传感芯片。所述微机电系统致动器包含固定框及可动平台,该可动平台用于相对所述固定框进行至少一个方向的移动。所述至少一个弹性复位件连接于所述固定框与所述可动平台之间,用于将移动的所述可动平台回复至原始位置。所述传感芯片设置于所述可动平台上,并通过所述至少一个弹性复位件传送检测数据。
本发明还提供一种传感器封装件的制作方法,包含下列步骤:提供具有第一硅层、氧化绝缘层及第二硅层的绝缘体上硅晶圆;在所述第一硅层上形成图案化金属层;蚀刻所述第一硅层以形成平台区域、固定框及介于所述平台区域与所述固定框之间的槽沟;蚀刻所述第二硅层以相对所述平台区域及所述槽沟形成暴露区域;蚀刻所述暴露区域的氧化绝缘层以释放所述平台区域形成可动平台;以及在所述图案化金属层上设置传感芯片。
本发明还提供一种传感器封装件的制作方法,包含下列步骤:提供具有第一表面及第二表面的第一硅层;在所述第一硅层的所述第一表面上形成图案化金属层;在所述第一硅层的所述第一表面上接合第二硅层;薄化所述第一硅层;蚀刻所述薄化的第一硅层以形成可动平台及固定框;在所述第一硅层的薄化表面接合第三硅层;移除所述第二硅层以暴露出所述可动平台及所述图案化金属层;以及在所述图案化金属层上设置传感芯片。
为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显,下文将配合所附图示,详细说明如下。此外,于本发明的说明中,相同的构件以相同的符号表示,于此合先述明。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的传感器封装件的上视图;
图2是本发明另一实施例的传感器封装件的上视图;
图3是本发明再一实施例的传感器封装件的上视图;
图4是本发明再一实施例的传感器封装件的侧视图;
图5a-5f是本发明第一实施例的传感器封装件的制作示意图;
图6a-6h是本发明第二实施例的传感器封装件的制作示意图;
图7是本发明第一实施例的传感器封装件的制作方法的流程图;
图8是本发明第二实施例的传感器封装件的制作方法的流程图;及
图9是本发明再一实施例的传感器封装件的上视图。
附图标记说明
10 传感器封装件
11 固定框
111 第一梳状电极
13 可动平台
131 第二梳状电极
15 弹性复位件
17 传感芯片
具体实施方式
请参照图1所示,其为本发明实施例的传感器封装件10的上视图。传感器封装件10例如为图像传感器封装件。传感器封装件10包含微机电系统致动器(MEMS actuator)用于改变所搭载的光电组件的一维或二维位置。所述光电组件为独立于微机电系统致动器之外另外制作的组件,并于微机电系统致动器制作完成后,通过弹性复位件设置于微机电系统致动器上,并通过弹性复位件传递检测信号。
微机电系统致动器包含固定框11及可动平台13,其是利用光刻或蚀刻工艺处理硅晶圆(举例说明于后)所形成的微机电结构。处理完的硅晶圆中,固定框11与可动平台13分离(如下所述仅通过弹性回复件连接),因此可动平台13可相对固定框11移动。
固定框11具有多个第一梳状电极111(仅显示少数),可动平台13具有多个第二梳状电极131(仅显示少数)。如图1所示,第一梳状电极111及第二梳状电极131分别配置于固定框11内侧的两相对边及可动平台13的两相对边缘。第一梳状电极111及第二梳状电极131用于产生静电力以使得可动平台13相对固定框11进行至少一个方向的移动。如图1所示,第一梳状电极111的每一者对位于两个第二梳状电极131之间且第二梳状电极131的每一者(最外侧者除外)对位于两个第一梳状电极111之间。通过在第一梳状电极111及第二梳状电极131上施加电压,则可形成吸力或斥力(由提供电压的极性决定)以移动可动平台13。
弹性复位件15是图案化金属层,例如铝、镍、金等导电金属或其组合,其是另外形成于(例如通过沉积工艺)硅晶圆上的结构,而并非通过蚀刻硅晶圆所形成。弹性复位件15连接于固定框11与可动平台13之间,用于将移动的可动平台13回复至原始位置。
例如图1中,可动平台13显示为矩形,弹性复位件15形成于所述矩形的两相对边(图示为左右边)与固定框11之间。例如,弹性复位件15的一端配置于固定框11的表面上且另一端配置于可动平台13的表面上。当第一梳状电极111及第二梳状电极131之间形成上下方向的静电力时,可动平台13则朝向上/下方向移动,弹性复位件15则相对所述静电力形成反向的回复力。
传感芯片17例如是CMOS图像传感器芯片或CCD图像传感器芯片,其设置于可动平台13上,并通过弹性复位件15传送检测数据,例如图像数据或其他光电组件的检测数据。为了进行电连接,传感芯片17包含锡球或接触垫(contact pad),例如传感芯片17的底面具有多个锡球或接触垫作为的电连接点。传感芯片17通过锡球或接触垫电连接弹性复位件15。
图2、3为本发明其他实施例的传感器封装件的上视图。传感器封装件10'、10”同样包含固定框11、可动平台13、弹性复位件15及传感芯片17。与图1不同之处在于图2、3的固定框11与可动平台13通过其他方式配置的弹性复位件15连接,以使可动平台13可相对固定框11进行一维方向或二维方向的运动。
例如图2中,较多数目的弹性复位件15形成于矩形的可动平台13的左右侧,而形成较大的回复力。可以了解的是,回复力的大小不仅仅根据弹性复位件15的数目而定,还根据弹性复位件15的尺寸与厚度决定。可于制作时根据第一梳状电极111及第二梳状电极131所能产生的静电力大小配置弹性复位件15的尺寸、厚度和/或数目。静电力大小例如根据第一梳状电极111及第二梳状电极131的数目、尺寸、间距及施加电压等所决定。
例如图3中,弹性复位件15形成于矩形的可动平台13的四个角落与固定框13之间,以产生两个方向(例如上下方向及左右方向)的回复力。同时,为了产生两个维度的静电力,第一梳状电极111及第二梳状电极131还配置于左右方向的两相对侧。
本发明中,所述梳状电极组111、131及弹性复位件15的数目及位置并无特定限制,根据实际应用而决定,只要弹性复位件15所产生的回复力能平衡梳状电极组111、131所产生的静电力即可。
可以了解的是,弹性复位件15是相对传感芯片17的电性接点(例如锡球或接触垫)的位置进行配置的,以利传感芯片17直接设置于可动平台13并通过所述电性接点电性连接弹性复位件15。此外,由于弹性复位件15还用于传递检测数据,而固定框11及可动平台13用于被施加电压以产生静电力,为了避免影响信号质量,可动平台13与弹性复位件15之间以及固定框11与弹性复位件15之间还具有电绝缘层16,如图4所示。
图4为本发明其他实施例的传感器封装件的侧视图,其中,传感芯片17可不仅通过弹性复位件15传递电信号(例如传感芯片17的控制信号和/或检测数据),另外还可通过连接于传感芯片17与固定框11之间的至少一条接合线(bonding wire)19传递。例如,固定框11还具有至少一个电接触垫,通过打线工艺而将至少一条接合线连接于传感芯片17的锡球18与固定框11的至少一个电接触垫之间。图4中,固定框11包含第一硅层111、第二硅层13及介于所述第一硅层111与所述第二硅层13之间的氧化绝缘层12。
参照图5a-5f及图7,接着说明本发明第一实施例的传感器封装件的制作方法,包含下列步骤:提供具有第一硅层、氧化绝缘层及第二硅层的绝缘体上硅晶圆(步骤S71);在所述第一硅层上形成图案化金属层(步骤S72);蚀刻所述第一硅层以形成平台区域、固定框及介于所述平台区域与所述固定框之间的槽沟(步骤S73);蚀刻所述第二硅层以相对所述平台区域及所述槽沟形成暴露区域(步骤S74);蚀刻所述暴露区域的氧化绝缘层以释放所述平台区域形成可动平台(步骤S75);以及在所述图案化金属层上设置传感芯片(步骤S76)。
步骤S71:绝缘体上硅(SOI)晶圆具有第一硅层51、第二硅层53及夹设于其间的氧化绝缘层52,如图5a所示。绝缘体上硅晶圆可使用市面上可取得的现成晶圆或自行制作的晶圆,并无特定限制。例如,第一硅层51为厚度10-20微米的硅晶圆以作为装置层(devicelayer),而第二硅层53为厚度300-400微米的硅晶圆以作为操作层(handle layer)。氧化绝缘层52则作为蚀刻终止层。
步骤S72:接着,在所述第一硅层51上形成预设图案的图形化金属层55,如图5b所示,以作为微机电系统致动器的弹性回复件。所述预设图案是根据后续欲设置的传感芯片57的锡球58或接触垫的位置(例如参照图5f)而预先配置。所述图形化金属层55例如使用微影蚀刻(photolithography)工艺制作。
此外,为了提升信号质量,在沉积所述金属层之前,可先于所述第一硅层51上形成电绝缘层16(如图4所示),以电性隔离所述第一硅层51与所述图案化金属层55。
步骤S73:接着,通过气相蚀刻或湿蚀刻来蚀刻第一硅层51,以形成平台区域513、固定框511及介于所述平台区域513与所述固定框511之间的槽沟515,如图5c所示。蚀刻后的配置例如为图1-3的任一者,其根据实际实施方式而决定。由于具有氧化绝缘层52,故针对第一硅层51的蚀刻到了所述氧化绝缘层52则停止。此步骤的蚀刻完成后,图案化金属层55跨过槽沟515连接于平台区域513及固定框511之间,以作为弹性回复件。平台区域513通过氧化绝缘层52连接于固定框511。
步骤S74:为了于后续步骤释放平台区域513,先相对平台区域513及槽沟515蚀刻(同样可为干/湿蚀刻)第二硅层53以形成暴露区域531以曝露出部分氧化绝缘层52。蚀刻同样达到所述氧化绝缘层52停止,如图5d所示。
可以了解的是,针对第一硅层51及第二硅层53蚀刻的过程可形成保护层,以使第一硅层51及第二硅层53蚀刻成预设结构。第一硅层51及第二硅层53可以制作微机电系统时使用的蚀刻工艺进行蚀刻,故于此不再赘述。
此外,步骤S73并非限定实施于步骤S74之前,也可以先针对第二硅层53蚀刻完成后,再针对第一硅层51进行蚀刻,只要使曝露出的氧化绝缘层52相对平台区域513及槽沟515即可。
步骤S75:接着,蚀刻暴露区域531内的氧化绝缘层52以释放平台区域513形成可动平台,如图5e所示。根据蚀刻选择比的不同,对氧化绝缘层52的蚀刻并不会蚀刻第一硅层51及第二硅层53,反之亦然。此步骤完成后,平台区域513仅通过图案化金属层55与固定框511连接,而其他部份则完全与固定框511分离。
步骤S76:最后,将预设传感芯片57放置于图案化金属层55。传感芯片57例如在底部具有预先配置的锡球58,使用高温工艺使所述锡球58与图案化金属层55结合后,即完成本发明的传感器封装件,如图5f所示。所使用的高温则根据锡球58的材质与传感芯片57的温度承受度而决定。
此外,若需要在图案化金属层55之外另外配置接合线,则可在步骤S76完成后,或在步骤S75释放可动平台513之前进行打线工艺,以在传感芯片57与固定框511之间形成至少一条接合线19,如图4所示。例如,固定框511和平台区域513上另形成有至少一个电接触垫,用于连接接合线。藉此,传感芯片57的一部分锡球58设置于图案化金属55上,另一部分锡球58设置于平台区域513的电接触垫上以与接合线电性连接。
以图5a-5f完成的传感器封装件,固定框11包含第一硅层511、第二硅层53及介于所述第一硅层511与所述第二硅层53之间的氧化绝缘层52。
参照图6a-6h及图8,接着说明本发明第二实施例的传感器封装件的制作方法,包含下列步骤:提供具有第一表面及第二表面第一硅层(步骤S81);在所述第一硅层的第一表面上形成图案化金属层(步骤S82);在所述第一硅层的第一表面上接合第二硅层(步骤S83);薄化所述第一硅层(步骤S84);蚀刻所述薄化的第一硅层以形成可动平台及固定框(步骤S85);在所述第一硅层的薄化表面接合第三硅层(步骤S686);移除所述第二硅层以暴露出所述可动平台及所述图案化金属层(步骤S87);以及在所述图案化金属层上设置传感芯片(步骤S88)。
步骤S81:本实施例不使用绝缘体上硅晶圆,而是直接从第一硅层61开始制作。第一硅层61包含彼此相对的第一表面61S1及第二表面61S2。
步骤S82:先在第一硅层61的第一表面61S1上沉积金属层,如图6a所示。所述金属层例如为铝、镍、金等导电金属或其组合。接着,使用微影蚀刻工艺形成图案化金属层65,如图6b所示。如前所述,图案化金属层65的图样是根据所使用的传感芯片的锡球或接触垫的配置而事先决定。
此外,为了使图案化金属层65与第一硅层61具有良好的绝缘,在形成图案化金属层65之前,可于第一硅层61的第一表面61S1上先形成电绝缘层16,如图4所示,以电性隔离第一硅层61与图案化金属层65。
步骤S83:接着,使用具有容纳空间的第二硅层63与第一硅层61的第一表面61S1(于已移除金属层的部分,若有电绝缘层16亦一并移除)进行接合,并使图案化金属层65位于所述容纳空间内。例如,图6c显示第二硅层63仅于边缘区域与第一硅层61的第一表面61S1接合,但并不限于接合边缘区域,可根据后续可动平台的设置位置而决定。例如,第二硅层63具有侧墙从其边缘向上延伸而使得中间区域较边缘区域低。第一硅层61与第二硅层63的接合可使用已知的晶圆接合工艺,并无特定限制。
步骤S84:接着,薄化第一硅层61以形成厚度约为10-20微米的薄化的第一硅层61',如图6d所示。例如通过研磨或蚀刻所述第二表面61S2来进行薄化。某些实施例中,若第一硅层61原本就足够薄,则可省略薄化步骤。
步骤S85:接着,蚀刻所述薄化的第一硅层61'以形成可动平台613及固定框611,如图6e所示。蚀刻后的可动平台613及固定框611的配置可选择为图1-3其中之一。
在此步骤的蚀刻完成后,所述图案化金属层65连接于所述可动平台613及所述固定框611之间,以作为弹性回复件。
步骤S86:接着,在第一硅层61的薄化表面61S2'接合具有容置空间的第三硅层64,其中该容置空间是使第三硅层64不与可动平台613接触以维持可动平台613的移动自由度。因此,如图6f所示第三硅层64仅以其边缘区域(例如相对固定框611的区域)与薄化表面61S2'接合。例如,第三硅层64具有侧墙从其边缘向上延伸而使得中间区域较边缘区域低。第一硅层61的薄化表面61S2'与第三硅层64的接合同样可使用已知的晶圆接合工艺。
步骤S87:接着,移除第二硅层63以暴露出可动平台613及图案化金属层65,如图6g所示。例如,可利用研磨或蚀刻移除所述第二硅层63,可完全移除第二硅层63或留下与固定框611接合的部分第二硅层63',根据微机电系统致动器的结构及蚀刻过程而决定。
步骤S88:最后,将欲搭载的传感芯片67设置于图案化金属层65上,以完成本实施例的传感器封装件。所述传感芯片67例如于其底部具有锡球68或接触垫,通过高温工艺可使所述锡球68与所述图案化金属层65结合并具有良好的电性连接。
此外,如果在图案化金属层65以外还需要其他的信号传递路径,可通过打线工艺于传感芯片67与固定框611之间形成至少一条接合线19,如图4所示。同理,在形成接合线19之前,可在可动平台613与固定框611上先形成电接触垫(contact pad),用以与接合线19电性连接。
以图6a-6h完成的传感器封装件,所述固定框11包含相互接合的硅层(例如第一硅层61、第二硅层63及第三硅层64)但不包含氧化绝缘层于其间。第二硅层63及第三硅层64分别设置于第一硅层61两不同侧。
本发明实施例的微机电系统致动器例如通过焊料电连接至电路板(未绘示)上,以通过电路板上的电迹线与系统(例如移动式电子装置)内的其他组件电性连接以传递信号。
必须说明的是,虽然上述实施例中是以一个或两个维度的线性移动进行说明,但本发明并不以此为限。其他实施例中,微机电系统致动器可通过其他的弹性复位件的配置而激活多个维度的移动或转动。
必须说明的是,虽然上述实施例中是以固定框11连续的围绕可动平台13为例进行说明,但本发明并不以此为限。其他实施例中,固定框11可仅相对形成于可动平台13的两或三个边缘,或以不连续的方式围绕可动平台13,并无特定限制,只要可动平台13可相对固定框11移动即可。
必须说明的是,虽然上述实施例中是以单一个传感器封装件进行说明,但本发明并不限于此。在大量生产时,可在晶圆上同时制作多个本发明实施例的传感器封装件,再通过划片(dicing)工艺分割出多个单一的传感器封装件。划片工艺已为本领域技术人员所熟知,故于此不再赘述。
必须说明的是,虽然上述实施例中可动平台是配置于微机电系统致动器的中间位置,但其并非用以限定本发明。其他实施例中,可动平台可配置于不是中央的位置。此外,可动平台上也可以同时配置一个以上的光电组件,根据不同应用而定。
虽然上述实施例显示传感器封装件10包含多个弹性复位件15,但本发明并不限于此。在一种非限定的实施例中,传感器封装件10包含单一个弹性复位件15,如图9所示。也即,本发明中,所述传感器封装件10具有至少一个弹性复位件15用于提供回复力以及传递电信号的路径。
综上所述,已知的微机电系统可用作为致动器以调整精确位置。因此,本发明提供一种具有可动式传感器的传感器封装件(图1-4)及其制作方法(图7、8),其通过将传感芯片设置于弹性回复件上,以使弹性回复件同时具有信号传递及提供回复力的功能。
虽然本发明已通过前述实例披露,但是其并非用以限定本发明,任何本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作各种的更动与修改。因此本发明的保护范围当视后附的权利要求所界定的范围为准。

Claims (20)

1.一种传感器封装件,该传感器封装件包含:
微机电系统致动器,该微机电系统致动器包含:
固定框;及
可动平台,该可动平台用于相对所述固定框进行至少一个方向的移动;
至少一个弹性复位件,该至少一个弹性复位件连接于所述固定框与所述可动平台之间,用于将移动的所述可动平台回复至原始位置;以及
传感芯片,该传感芯片设置于所述可动平台上,并用于通过所述至少一个弹性复位件传送检测数据。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器封装件,其中所述至少一个弹性复位件是图案化金属层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的传感器封装件,其中所述传感芯片包含电连接所述至少一个弹性复位件的锡球。
4.根据权利要求1所述的传感器封装件,其中所述可动平台为矩形,所述至少一个弹性复位件形成于所述矩形的两相对边与所述固定框之间,或形成于所述矩形的四个角落与所述固定框之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的传感器封装件,其中
所述固定框具有多个第一梳状电极且所述可动平台具有多个第二梳状电极,且
所述多个第一梳状电极及所述多个第二梳状电极用于产生静电力以移动所述可动平台。
6.根据权利要求1所述的传感器封装件,还包含电绝缘层介于所述可动平台与所述至少一个弹性复位件之间以及所述固定框与所述至少一个弹性复位件之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的传感器封装件,还包含连接于所述传感芯片与所述固定框之间的至少一条接合线,用于传送所述传感芯片的控制信号和/或检测数据。
8.根据权利要求1所述的传感器封装件,其中所述固定框包含第一硅层、第二硅层及介于所述第一硅层与所述第二硅层之间的氧化绝缘层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的传感器封装件,其中所述固定框包含相互接合的硅层但不包含氧化绝缘层。
10.一种传感器封装件的制作方法,该制作方法包含:
提供具有第一硅层、氧化绝缘层及第二硅层的绝缘体上硅晶圆;
在所述第一硅层上形成图案化金属层;
蚀刻所述第一硅层以形成平台区域、固定框及介于所述平台区域与所述固定框之间的槽沟;
蚀刻所述第二硅层以相对所述平台区域及所述槽沟形成暴露区域;
蚀刻所述暴露区域的氧化绝缘层以释放所述平台区域形成可动平台;及
在所述图案化金属层上设置传感芯片。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制作方法,其中所述传感芯片具有锡球,所述设置传感芯片的步骤包含:
通过高温工艺使所述锡球与所述图案化金属层结合。
12.根据权利要求10所述的制作方法,还包含:
在所述传感芯片与所述固定框之间形成接合线。
13.根据权利要求10所述的制作方法,其中在所述第一硅层上形成图案化金属层的步骤之前还包含:
在所述第一硅层上形成电绝缘层,以电性隔离所述第一硅层与所述图案化金属层。
14.根据权利要求10所述的制作方法,其中蚀刻所述第一硅层的步骤完成后,所述图案化金属层跨过所述槽沟连接于所述平台区域及所述固定框之间,以作为弹性回复件。
15.一种传感器封装件的制作方法,该制作方法包含:
提供具有第一表面及第二表面的第一硅层;
在所述第一硅层的所述第一表面上形成图案化金属层;
在所述第一硅层的所述第一表面上接合第二硅层;
薄化所述第一硅层;
蚀刻所述薄化的第一硅层以形成可动平台及固定框;
在所述第一硅层的薄化表面接合第三硅层;
移除所述第二硅层以暴露出所述可动平台及所述图案化金属层;以及
在所述图案化金属层上设置传感芯片。
16.根据权利要求15所述的制作方法,其中所述传感芯片具有锡球,所述设置传感芯片的步骤包含:
通过高温工艺以使所述锡球与所述图案化金属层结合。
17.根据权利要求15所述的制作方法,还包含:
在所述传感芯片与所述固定框之间形成接合线。
18.根据权利要求15所述的制作方法,其中在所述第一硅层的所述第一表面上形成图案化金属层的步骤之前还包含:
在所述第一表面上形成电绝缘层,以电性隔离所述第一硅层与所述图案化金属层。
19.根据权利要求15所述的制作方法,其中蚀刻所述薄化的第一硅层完成后,所述图案化金属层连接于所述可动平台及所述固定框之间,以作为弹性回复件。
20.根据权利要求15所述的制作方法,其中所述第三硅层接合于所述第一硅层的所述固定框,并相对所述第一硅层与所述第二硅层的接合面。
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