CN110124245B - Foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, preparation method thereof and fire extinguishing device - Google Patents

Foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, preparation method thereof and fire extinguishing device Download PDF

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CN110124245B
CN110124245B CN201910483827.5A CN201910483827A CN110124245B CN 110124245 B CN110124245 B CN 110124245B CN 201910483827 A CN201910483827 A CN 201910483827A CN 110124245 B CN110124245 B CN 110124245B
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hydrogel
soluble
water
alginate
fire extinguishing
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CN110124245A (en
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张凯
卢宝阳
朱秀凯
渐南南
薛羽
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0071—Foams
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0092—Gaseous extinguishing substances, e.g. liquefied gases, carbon dioxide snow

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Abstract

The invention provides a foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following components in part by weight: a hydrogel, the hydrogel comprising: soluble alginate, soluble calcium salt and water; a foaming agent for mixing with the hydrogel for producing hydrogel-CO of low density2Foam, said hydrogel-CO2The foam is coated on the burning object. hydrogel-CO produced by the invention2The foam can stably exist for a long time, has low density, can cover the surface of a burning object, and isolates the burning object from air, thereby achieving the fire extinguishing effect, and the hydrogel-CO2CO released after foam collapse2The gas can further improve the fire extinguishing effect.

Description

Foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, preparation method thereof and fire extinguishing device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agent production, and particularly relates to a foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, a preparation method thereof and a fire extinguishing device.
Background
The fire disaster is a disaster with the highest occurrence probability in various natural and social disasters, and poses serious threats to human life and life safety. According to national standards, fires are classified as class a fires: solid matter fire hazard; and B-type fire: liquid or meltable solid matter fires; and C-type fire: a gas fire; d-type fire: metal fire hazard; e-type fire: a live fire, a fire in which an object burns live; and F-type fire: the cooking materials (such as animal and vegetable oil) in the cooking utensil are in fire. The B-type liquid fire disaster is difficult to extinguish, is easy to explode, is easy to expand and overflow when being heated, has high temperature and large opening area, and can cause huge loss once being generated.
The hydrogel fire extinguishing material is used as a fire extinguishing agent, contains more than 90 percent of water, has excellent effect on extinguishing class A solid fire, but the existing hydrogel material has high density and is not suitable for extinguishing class B liquid fire. The existing fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing B-type liquid fire mainly comprises a foam extinguishing agent, and the foam extinguishing agent can form a large amount of foam to cover combustible liquid, absorb heat and isolate air so as to extinguish flame. However, the foam formed by the existing foam extinguishing agent is not burning-resistant, and is broken and failed quickly in a burning fire scene, so that the fire extinguishing effect is poor.
Therefore, aiming at the problems that the existing hydrogel fire extinguishing material has high density and is not suitable for extinguishing B-type liquid fire and foam generated by a foam extinguishing agent is easy to break, the development of the fire extinguishing agent which has low density and can stably exist for a long time is imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, a preparation method thereof and a fire extinguishing device, so as to solve at least one technical problem.
(II) technical scheme
The embodiment of the invention provides a foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, which comprises:
a hydrogel, the hydrogel comprising: soluble alginate, soluble calcium salt and water;
a foaming agent for mixing with the hydrogel for producing hydrogel-CO of low density2Foam, said hydrogel-CO2Covering the combustion object with foam; the hydrogel-CO2After the foam is broken, CO is released2(ii) a The blowing agent comprises a bicarbonate and is capable of reacting with the bicarbonate to produce CO2A soluble aluminum salt of (a);
the low density hydrogel-CO2The density range of the foam is 0.15-0.2 g/cm3；
The preparation method of the foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing the soluble alginate with bicarbonate to obtain a first mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the soluble alginate in water in the first mixed solution is 0.2-1 wt%, and the mass fraction of the bicarbonate in water is 4-6 wt%;
mixing the soluble calcium salt and the soluble aluminum salt to obtain a second mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the soluble calcium salt in water in the second mixed solution is 1-3 wt%; the mass fraction of the soluble aluminum salt in water is 3-5 wt%;
and mixing the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution, and foaming the hydrogel to prepare the foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent.
In some embodiments of the invention, the soluble alginate comprises one or more of sodium alginate and potassium alginate;
the soluble calcium salts include: one or more of calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate, calcium chlorate, calcium hypochlorite, calcium perchlorate, calcium gluconate, calcium bicarbonate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate;
the water comprises one or more of deionized water, tap water, rainwater, underground water, river water, lake water and seawater;
the soluble aluminum salt includes: one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and aluminum nitrate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, wherein the hydrogel comprises soluble alginate, soluble calcium salt and water, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
mixing the soluble alginate with bicarbonate to obtain a first mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the soluble alginate in water in the first mixed solution is 0.2-1 wt%, and the mass fraction of the bicarbonate in water is 4-6 wt%;
mixing the soluble calcium salt and a soluble aluminum salt to obtain a second mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the soluble calcium salt in water in the second mixed solution is 1-3 wt%; the mass fraction of the soluble aluminum salt in water is 3-5 wt%;
mixing the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution, and foaming the hydrogel to generate hydrogel-CO2Foaming to prepare a foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent;
the hydrogel-CO2After the foam is broken, CO is released2；
The low density hydrogel-CO2The density range of the foam is 0.15-0.2 g/cm3。
The embodiment of the invention also provides a fire extinguishing device which comprises the foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, the preparation method thereof and the fire extinguishing device have the following advantages that:
1. hydrogel-CO produced by the invention2The foam can stably exist for a long time, has low density, can cover the surface of a burning object, and isolates the burning object from air, thereby achieving the fire extinguishing effect, and the hydrogel-CO2CO released after foam collapse2The gas can further improve the fire extinguishing effect;
2. the foaming sodium alginate hydrogel has the advantages of diversified raw material selection, strong universality and wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows hydrogel-CO according to an embodiment of the present invention2Schematic representation of foam floating on petroleum ether;
FIG. 2 is a schematic step diagram of a method for preparing a foamed sodium alginate hydrogel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
< description of symbols >
1-hydrogel-CO2Foaming; 2-burning the object.
Detailed Description
In the prior art, foam formed by the foam extinguishing agent is not burning-resistant and is broken and failed quickly in a scorching fire scene, so that the fire extinguishing effect is not good, and in view of the above, the invention provides a foaming sodium alginate hydrogel, and the hydrogel-CO generated by the hydrogel-CO is2The foam can stably exist for a long time, has low density, can cover the surface of a burning object and isolate the burning object from the outside air, thereby achieving the fire extinguishing effect, and the hydrogel-CO2CO released after foam collapse2The gas can further improve the fire extinguishing effect.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment of the invention provides a foaming sodium alginate hydrogel, which comprises the following components:
a hydrogel, the hydrogel comprising: soluble alginate, soluble calcium salt and water;
a foaming agent for mixing with the hydrogel for producing hydrogel-CO of low density2Foam, said hydrogel-CO2The foam is coated on the burning object.
In some embodiments of the invention, the low density hydrogel-CO2The density of the foam can be in the range of 0.15-0.2 g/cm3Thereby, hydrogel-CO2The density of the foam is low enough to cover the surface of the burning object and isolate the burning object from the contact with the outside air, thereby achieving the purpose of fire extinguishing.
FIG. 1 shows hydrogel-CO according to an embodiment of the present invention2Schematic of foam floating on petroleum ether, as shown in FIG. 1, due to hydrogel-CO2The foam 1 can exist stably for a long time and has low density, so that the foam can cover the surface of a burning object (including but not limited to petroleum ether 2) and isolate the burning object from air, thereby achieving a fire extinguishing effect; furthermore, hydrogel-CO2CO can also be released after foam 1 is broken2Gas can further improve the fire extinguishing effect.
Blowing agents in embodiments of the invention include bicarbonate and are capable of reacting with the bicarbonate to produce CO2A soluble aluminum salt of (2).
The soluble alginate comprises one or more of sodium alginate and potassium alginate; and/or the soluble calcium salt comprises: calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate, calcium chlorate, calcium hypochlorite, calcium perchlorate, calcium gluconate, calcium bicarbonate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate; the water comprises one or more of deionized water, tap water, rainwater, underground water, river water, lake water and seawater; the soluble aluminum salt includes: one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and aluminum nitrate.
The second embodiment of the present invention further provides a preparation method of a foamed sodium alginate hydrogel, where the hydrogel includes a soluble alginate, a soluble calcium salt and water, fig. 2 is a schematic step diagram of the preparation method of the foamed sodium alginate hydrogel according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the preparation method includes the following steps:
s1, mixing the soluble alginate and the bicarbonate to obtain a first mixed solution.
S2, mixing the soluble calcium salt and the soluble aluminum salt to obtain a second mixed solution;
and S3, mixing the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution, and foaming the hydrogel to prepare the foamed sodium alginate hydrogel.
In step S1, in the first mixed solution, the mass fraction of the soluble alginate in water is 0.2 to 1wt%, and the mass fraction of the bicarbonate in water is 4 to 6 wt%;
in step S2, in the second mixed solution, the mass fraction of the soluble calcium salt in water is 1-3 wt%; the mass fraction of the soluble aluminum salt in water is 3-5 wt%.
In step S3, the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution are mixed to foam the hydrogel, thereby preparing the foamed sodium alginate hydrogel. As shown in figure 1, after that, the prepared foaming sodium alginate hydrogel is used for extinguishing burning petroleum ether, and therefore, hydrogel-CO generated by the foaming sodium alginate hydrogel is shown2The foam can cover the surface of the petroleum ether, thereby achieving the fire extinguishing effect.
Different preparation methods of the foaming sodium alginate hydrogel and selection of the content of sodium alginate will be described in detail below with reference to examples 1 to 4.
Example 1
The foaming sodium alginate hydrogel is prepared from the following raw material components: A. the specific preparation and use method of the sodium alginate, the B sodium bicarbonate, the C calcium chloride, the D aluminum chloride hexahydrate and the E water comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 2g of sodium alginate and 40g of sodium bicarbonate, and dissolving the mixture in 1000g of deionized water to obtain a mixed solution I;
(2) mixing 10g of calcium chloride and 30g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate, and dissolving the mixture in 1000g of deionized water to obtain a mixed solution II;
(3) firstly spraying the mixed solution I on the surface of a burning object, then spraying the mixed solution II on the surface of the burning object, instantly crosslinking sodium alginate with calcium and aluminum ions, instantly foaming sodium bicarbonate and aluminum ions to form a hydrogel foam layer to cover the surface of the burning object, and extinguishing a fire source.
Example 2
A foaming sodium alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent is prepared from the following raw material components: A. the specific preparation and use method of the sodium alginate, the B potassium bicarbonate, the C calcium bromide, the D aluminum sulfate and the E water comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 6g of sodium alginate and 45g of potassium bicarbonate, and dissolving the mixture in 1000g of deionized water to obtain a mixed solution I;
(2) mixing 20g of calcium bromide and 45g of aluminum sulfate, and dissolving the mixture in 1000g of deionized water to obtain a mixed solution II;
(3) and simultaneously spraying the mixed solution I and the mixed solution II onto the surface of the combustion object, instantly crosslinking sodium alginate with calcium and aluminum ions, instantly foaming potassium bicarbonate and aluminum ions to form a hydrogel foam layer to cover the surface of the combustion object, and extinguishing a fire source.
Example 3:
a foaming sodium alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent is prepared from the following raw material components: A. the specific preparation and use method of the sodium alginate, the sodium bicarbonate B, the calcium nitrate C, the aluminum chloride hexahydrate D and the water E comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 10g of sodium alginate and 60g of sodium bicarbonate, and dissolving the mixture in 1000g of deionized water to obtain a mixed solution I;
(2) mixing 30g of calcium nitrate and 50g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate, and dissolving the mixture in 1000g of deionized water to obtain a mixed solution II;
(3) firstly spraying the mixed solution I on the surface of a burning object, then spraying the mixed solution II on the surface of the burning object, instantly crosslinking sodium alginate with calcium and aluminum ions, instantly foaming sodium bicarbonate and aluminum ions to form a hydrogel foam layer to cover the surface of the burning object, and extinguishing a fire source.
Example 4:
the foam stability is directly influenced by different contents of the sodium alginate in the foaming sodium alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, so that the content of the sodium alginate is optimized through experiments, the foam formed by the foaming sodium alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent with different sodium alginate contents is placed in a forced air drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃, the maintenance time of the foam is detected, and the detection results are shown in the following table:
Figure GDA0002753766580000061
according to the detection result, the foam maintaining time is prolonged along with the increase of the content of the sodium alginate, and the problems of overlarge viscosity and incapability of dispersing and foaming when meeting with an aluminum ion solution occur when the content of the sodium alginate exceeds 1wt%, so that the content of the sodium alginate is selected to be 0.2-1 wt%.
The third embodiment of the invention also provides a fire extinguishing device which comprises the foaming sodium alginate hydrogel.
In summary, the foaming sodium alginate hydrogel, the preparation method thereof and the fire extinguishing device provided by the embodiment of the invention are used for preparing hydrogel-CO generated by foaming the sodium alginate hydrogel2The foam can stably exist for a long time, has low density, can cover the surface of a burning object, and isolates the burning object from air, thereby achieving the fire extinguishing effect, and the hydrogel-CO2CO released after foam collapse2The gas can further improve the fire extinguishing effect.
Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. In particular, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Generally, the expression is meant to encompass variations of ± 10% in some embodiments, 5% in some embodiments, 1% in some embodiments, 0.5% in some embodiments by the specified amount.
Furthermore, "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a corresponding element does not by itself connote any ordinal number of the element or any ordering of one element from another or the order of manufacture, and the use of the ordinal numbers is only used to distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A foamed alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent comprising:
a hydrogel, the hydrogel comprising: soluble alginate, soluble calcium salt and water;
a foaming agent for mixing with the hydrogel for producing hydrogel-CO of low density2Foam, said low density hydrogel-CO2Covering the combustion object with foam; the low density hydrogel-CO2After the foam is broken, CO is released2(ii) a The blowing agent comprises a bicarbonate and is capable of reacting with the bicarbonate to produce CO2A soluble aluminum salt of (a);
the low density hydrogel-CO2The density range of the foam is 0.15-0.2 g/cm3；
The preparation method of the foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps:
mixing the soluble alginate with bicarbonate to obtain a first mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the soluble alginate in water in the first mixed solution is 0.2-1 wt%, and the mass fraction of the bicarbonate in water is 4-6 wt%;
mixing the soluble calcium salt and the soluble aluminum salt to obtain a second mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the soluble calcium salt in water in the second mixed solution is 1-3 wt%; the mass fraction of the soluble aluminum salt in water is 3-5 wt%;
and mixing the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution, and foaming the hydrogel to prepare the foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent.
2. The foamed alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent of claim 1, wherein the soluble alginate comprises one or more of sodium alginate and potassium alginate;
the soluble calcium salts include: one or more of calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate, calcium chlorate, calcium hypochlorite, calcium perchlorate, calcium gluconate, calcium bicarbonate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate;
the water comprises one or more of deionized water, tap water, rainwater, underground water, river water, lake water and seawater;
the soluble aluminum salt includes: one or more of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and aluminum nitrate.
3. A preparation method of a foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent, wherein the hydrogel comprises soluble alginate, soluble calcium salt and water, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
mixing the soluble alginate with bicarbonate to obtain a first mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the soluble alginate in water in the first mixed solution is 0.2-1 wt%, and the mass fraction of the bicarbonate in water is 4-6 wt%;
mixing the soluble calcium salt and a soluble aluminum salt to obtain a second mixed solution, wherein the mass fraction of the soluble calcium salt in water in the second mixed solution is 1-3 wt%; the mass fraction of the soluble aluminum salt in water is 3-5 wt%;
mixing the first mixed solution and the second mixed solution, and foaming the hydrogel to generate hydrogel-CO with low density2Foaming to prepare a foaming alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent;
the low density hydrogel-CO2After the foam is broken, CO is released2；
The low density hydrogel-CO2The density range of the foam is 0.15-0.2 g/cm3。
4. A fire extinguishing device comprising the foamed alginate hydrogel fire extinguishing agent of claim 1 or 2.
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