CN110124241B - Water-based extinguishing agent - Google Patents
Water-based extinguishing agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN110124241B CN110124241B CN201810129471.0A CN201810129471A CN110124241B CN 110124241 B CN110124241 B CN 110124241B CN 201810129471 A CN201810129471 A CN 201810129471A CN 110124241 B CN110124241 B CN 110124241B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
- A62D1/0042—"Wet" water, i.e. containing surfactant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
- A62D1/0085—Foams containing perfluoroalkyl-terminated surfactant
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a water-based extinguishing agent which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-6% of inorganic salt, 0.5-5% of surfactant, 1-5% of foaming agent, 3-10% of flame retardant, 4-10% of antifreeze agent, 0.1-1% of penetrating agent, 2-3% of emulsifier and the balance of water, wherein the surfactant is a combination of fluorine surfactant and hydrocarbon surfactant, and the fluorine surfactant is an anion twin fluorine surfactant with 4 carbon fluorocarbon chain length. The fire extinguishing agent adopts a self-made fluorocarbon surfactant, does not contain persistent organic pollutants, is fast in degradation, does not cause environmental pollution, and is excellent in fire extinguishing performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, in particular to a water-based fire extinguishing agent produced by an anion twin type fluorocarbon surfactant with fluorocarbon chain length of 4 carbons.
Background
The water-based fire extinguishing agent is a novel high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent developed in the 80 s, and the main components of the foam fire extinguishing agent are prepared from a surfactant, a stabilizer, a cosolvent, an antifreeze agent, a fire retardant, a gas generating agent and water. When the water-based extinguishing agent is sprayed to the burning oil surface, the foam of the water-based extinguishing agent can be rapidly spread on the oil surface to form a water film, so that the evaporation of oil products is inhibited, and air is isolated, thereby achieving the purpose of extinguishing the combustion of the oil products. Most of the currently used foam extinguishing agents contain PFOA/PFOS fluorine-containing surfactants, although the effect is good, the foam extinguishing agents have great harm to the environment; the fire extinguishing agent partially free of the fluorine-containing surfactant contains fluorinated protein, and the fire extinguishing effect cannot reach an ideal state. It is necessary to compound a fluorine-containing water-based extinguishing agent which does not contain persistent organic pollutants.
The fluorine-containing surfactant commonly used in the existing water-based fire extinguishing agent contains PFOS or PFOA, and the fluorine-containing surfactant containing a long perfluoroalkyl chain also has high biological metabolic stability, long-distance migration property, high biological accumulation property and potential biological toxicity, and has attracted extensive attention in the aspects of environment and ecological protection. For example, perfluorooctylsulfonic acid (PFOS) and its derivatives have been listed as one of the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) by the international stockholm convention, and are subject to restrictions and bans of use. Environmental and ecological problems associated with the use of other surfactants containing long perfluoroalkyl chains, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its derivatives, are also highly appreciated. The novel environment-friendly fluorine-containing surfactant is developed and used under the current national industrial policy and the international background to replace the fluorine-containing surfactant containing long-chain perfluoroalkyl, has important economic and social significance, and is trending.
The existing water-based fire extinguishing agent is prepared by mixing water, a fire retardant, an antifreeze agent, a surfactant, a coupling agent and the like in a certain proportion in a production preparation process, and then premixing the mixture with the water in a certain proportion in use or directly filling the mixture for use. The liquid state causes the disadvantages of large volume, heavy weight, high packaging cost and the like in the transportation of the fire extinguishing agent. Water is a traditional fire extinguishing medium, but the natural water has large surface tension and good fluidity, so that the water has poor adhesion on solid matters and other inevitable problems. Research has shown that 80% of the water in the fire extinguishing process is wasted unnecessarily for the above reasons, which is increasingly unacceptable in the future of today's increasingly scarce water resources. Under the background of social problems of resource occupation and increasingly serious environmental pollution, the water-based fire extinguishing agent has strong plasticity due to the characteristics of the water-based fire extinguishing agent, but the packaging and transportation cost of the existing water-based fire extinguishing agent generally needs to be considered due to the problems of formula, self physical and chemical properties and the like, and in addition, the fire extinguishing level requirement of the water-based fire extinguishing agent by the fire authority department of China is not high, so that the problem of low fire extinguishing efficiency of the water-based fire extinguishing agent in the using process is inevitably caused. This also plagues the use of water-based fire extinguishing agents in the industry and fire department.
Research results have shown that when the fluorocarbon chain length in the fluorosurfactant is 4 carbons, there is no bioaccumulation and persistent environmental hazard. However, when the length of the fluorocarbon chain in the fluorine surfactant is 4 carbons, the critical micelle concentration of the fluorine surfactant with the traditional structure is very high, and the surface tension is high.
Gemini surfactants are a class of compounds having two hydrophobic chains, two hydrophilic groups and a bridging group. The gemini surfactants have very high surface activity compared to conventional surfactants, and their aqueous solutions have special phase behavior and rheological properties, which have attracted extensive interest and attention from academics and industry. The prior art does not aim at the research of a surfactant with 4 carbon fluorocarbon chain length in a water-based fire extinguishing agent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, provides a water-based fire extinguishing agent based on a C4 twin type fluorine surfactant, which is economic, environment-friendly and good in fire extinguishing performance, and can be applied to various fire fighting fields such as water-filled fire extinguishers, hand-thrown fire extinguishing bottles, filling fire trucks, oil storage tank fire extinguishment, forest fire extinguishment, ship fire extinguishment and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a water-based fire extinguishing agent characterized by: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-6% of inorganic salt, 0.5-5% of surfactant, 1-5% of foaming agent, 3-10% of flame retardant, 4-10% of antifreeze agent, 0.1-1% of penetrating agent, 2-3% of emulsifier and the balance of water, wherein the surfactant is a combination of fluorine surfactant and hydrocarbon surfactant, the fluorine surfactant is an anion twin fluorine surfactant with 4 carbon fluorocarbon chain length and has a structure shown in formula 1,
wherein n is 2-6.
Further, the hydrocarbon surfactant is any one of the following compounds: ckH2k+1OSO3M、CkH2k+ 1SO3M、CkH2k+1-PhSO3M、CkH2k+1N+(CH3)2CH2COO-、CkH2k+1N+(CH3)2CH2CH2SO3 -、CkH2k+1N(CH3)2O, where k is 6-14, M ═ Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、H+、NH4 +、N(CtH2t+1)4 +、NH(CtH2t+1)3 +(t＝1-4)、NH3CH2CH2OH+、NH2(CH2CH2OH)2 +、NH(CH2CH2OH)3 +。
Further, the mass ratio of the fluorine surfactant to the hydrocarbon surfactant is 1-2: 1-2.
Further, the inorganic salt is a mixed salt of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate, and the mass ratio of the inorganic salt to the mixed salt is 1: 0.3-3.
Further, the flame retardant is a mixture of polyethylene glycol, polyimide, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of the mixture is 1: 2-3: 4-7: 3-10.
Further, the antifreeze agent is a mixture of ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol, and the mass ratio of the antifreeze agent to the ethylene glycol is 1: 0.5-1.
Further, the foaming agent is at least one of sodium hydroxysulfonate and ammonium carboxylate.
Further, the penetrating agent is at least one of sodium secondary alkyl sulfate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate and sodium alkyl sulfosuccinate.
Further, the emulsifier is at least one of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, polyoxyethylene isooctyl ether and polyoxyethylene phenylethylphenol phosphate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fire extinguishing agent adopts a self-made fluorocarbon surfactant, and has synergistic effect with a hydrocarbon surfactant, so that the fire extinguishing efficiency of the water-based fire extinguishing agent is greatly improved, the environmental pollution after fire extinguishment is eliminated, and the water-based fire extinguishing agent has good fire extinguishing and flame retarding functions.
2. The water-based fire extinguishing agent has wide application range, can be used for extinguishing fire in fresh water and seawater, and has long storage period.
3. The water-based extinguishing agent does not use harmful PFOS products, is environment-friendly and nontoxic, has simple production process and low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A water-based extinguishing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% of inorganic salt, 0.5% of surfactant, 1% of foaming agent, 3% of flame retardant, 4% of antifreeze agent, 0.1% of penetrating agent, 2% of emulsifier and the balance of water, wherein the surfactant is a combination of fluorine surfactant and hydrocarbon surfactant, the fluorine surfactant is anion twin type fluorine surfactant with 4 carbon fluorocarbon chain length and has a structure shown in formula 1,
wherein n is 2.
The hydrocarbon surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the mass ratio of the fluorine surfactant to the hydrocarbon surfactant is 1: 1; the inorganic salt is a mixed salt of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate, and the mass ratio of the inorganic salt to the mixed salt is 1: 0.3, the flame retardant is a mixture of polyethylene glycol, polyimide, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the mixture is 1: 2: 4: 3, the antifreeze agent is a mixture of ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol, and the mass ratio of the antifreeze agent to the ethylene glycol is 1: 0.5, the foaming agent is sodium hydroxysulfonate, the penetrating agent is sodium secondary alkyl sulfate, and the emulsifier is polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether.
Example 2
A water-based extinguishing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6% of inorganic salt, 5% of surfactant, 5% of foaming agent, 10% of flame retardant, 10% of antifreeze agent, 1% of penetrating agent, 3% of emulsifier and the balance of water, wherein the surfactant is a combination of fluorine surfactant and hydrocarbon surfactant, the fluorine surfactant is anion twin fluorine surfactant with 4 carbon fluorocarbon chain length and has a structure shown in formula 1,
wherein n is 2.
The hydrocarbon surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the mass ratio of the fluorine surfactant to the hydrocarbon surfactant is 1: 1; the inorganic salt is a mixed salt of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate, and the mass ratio of the inorganic salt to the mixed salt is 1: 0.3, the flame retardant is a mixture of polyethylene glycol, polyimide, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the mixture is 1: 2: 4: 3, the antifreeze agent is a mixture of ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol, and the mass ratio of the antifreeze agent to the ethylene glycol is 1: 0.5, the foaming agent is sodium hydroxysulfonate, the penetrating agent is sodium secondary alkyl sulfate, and the emulsifier is polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether.
Example 3
A water-based extinguishing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% of inorganic salt, 0.5% of surfactant, 1% of foaming agent, 3% of flame retardant, 4% of antifreeze agent, 0.1% of penetrating agent, 2% of emulsifier and the balance of water, wherein the surfactant is a combination of fluorine surfactant and hydrocarbon surfactant, the fluorine surfactant is anion twin type fluorine surfactant with 4 carbon fluorocarbon chain length and has a structure shown in formula 1,
wherein n is 6.
The hydrocarbon surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the mass ratio of the fluorine surfactant to the hydrocarbon surfactant is 1: 1; the inorganic salt is a mixed salt of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate, and the mass ratio of the inorganic salt to the mixed salt is 1: 0.3, the flame retardant is a mixture of polyethylene glycol, polyimide, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the mixture is 1: 3: 7: 10, the antifreeze agent is a mixture of ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol, and the mass ratio of the antifreeze agent to the ethylene glycol is 1: 1, the foaming agent is sodium hydroxysulfonate, the penetrating agent is sodium secondary alkyl sulfate, and the emulsifier is polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether.
The detection indexes of the water-based fire extinguishing agents of examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 1.
Table 1: detection indexes of Water-based fire extinguishing Agents of examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from Table 1, the water-based fire extinguishing agent provided by the invention has high fire extinguishing level, can extinguish 2A and 89B fire in standard 3L, and is not frozen at minus 19 ℃.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A water-based fire extinguishing agent characterized by: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-6% of inorganic salt, 0.5-5% of surfactant, 1-5% of foaming agent, 3-10% of flame retardant, 4-10% of antifreeze agent, 0.1-1% of penetrating agent, 2-3% of emulsifier and the balance of water, wherein the flame retardant is a mixture of polyethylene glycol, polyimide, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the flame retardant is 1: 2-3: 4-7: 3-10, the surfactant is a combination of a fluorine surfactant and a hydrocarbon surfactant, wherein the fluorine surfactant is an anion twin fluorine surfactant with the fluorocarbon chain length of 4 carbons and has a structure shown in a formula 1,
wherein n is 2-6.
2. The water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrocarbon surfactant is any one of the following compounds: ckH2k+1OSO3M、CkH2k+1N+(CH3)2CH2COO-、CkH2k+1SO3M、CkH2k+1-PhSO3M、CkH2k+1N+(CH3)2CH2CH2SO3 -、CkH2k+1N(CH3)2O, where k is 6-14, M ═ Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、H+、NH4+、N(CtH2t+1)4 +、NH(CtH2t+1)3 +Wherein t is 1-4, NH3CH2CH2OH+、NH2(CH2CH2OH)2 +、NH(CH2CH2OH)3 +。
3. The water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the fluorine surfactant to the hydrocarbon surfactant is 1-2: 1-2.
4. The water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inorganic salt is a mixed salt of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate, and the mass ratio of the inorganic salt to the mixed salt is 1: 0.3-3.
5. The water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the antifreeze agent is a mixture of ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol, and the mass ratio of the antifreeze agent to the ethylene glycol is 1: 0.5-1.
6. The water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the foaming agent is at least one of sodium hydroxysulfonate and ammonium carboxylate.
7. The water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the penetrating agent is at least one of sodium secondary alkyl sulfate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate and sodium alkyl sulfosuccinate.
8. The water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: the emulsifier is at least one of octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, isooctyl polyoxyethylene ether and phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate.
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| WO2022043829A1 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Pfas remediation |
| CN114733131A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-12 | 宁波市平安消防设备制造有限公司 | Environment-friendly water-based extinguishing agent |
| CN114874783A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-09 | 浙江睦田消防科技开发有限公司 | Fluorine-containing surfactant, application and preparation method thereof, and fire extinguishing agent comprising fluorine-containing surfactant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106693268A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-24 | 上海汇友精密化学品有限公司 | Water-series fire extinguishing agent |
| CN107497091A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江睦田消防科技开发有限公司 | Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent based on C4 twin type fluorine surfactants |
| CN107648786A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-02-02 | 浙江泛安消防科技有限公司 | Water-based extinguishing agent |
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| JPH11188117A (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-13 | Hatta Seisakusho:Kk | Fire extinguishing agent composition |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106693268A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-24 | 上海汇友精密化学品有限公司 | Water-series fire extinguishing agent |
| CN107497091A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-12-22 | 浙江睦田消防科技开发有限公司 | Aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent based on C4 twin type fluorine surfactants |
| CN107648786A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-02-02 | 浙江泛安消防科技有限公司 | Water-based extinguishing agent |
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