CN110122150B - Method for treating damage of parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits to sycamore - Google Patents
Method for treating damage of parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits to sycamore Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating the harm of parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits to sycamore, which comprises parasitic harm investigation, parasitic strength grading and graded harm treatment. The invention provides a method for treating the harm of the two-ball sycamore with the parasitic passion of the passion fruits and different parasitic strengths by dividing the two-ball sycamore with different parasitic strengths. The method overcomes the defects of rapid parasitic propagation and difficult treatment of the blumea edulis, remarkably controls the propagation and the harm, fills the blank of a method for treating the harm, and has reference value for treating the parasitic harm of other tree species. The method provided by the invention is simple to operate, remarkable in treatment effect and low in treatment cost, and is suitable for treating the harm of parasitic passion fruits of the hair leaves to the sycamore.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating harm of hemiparasitic plants to urban garden trees, in particular to a method for treating harm of parasitic passion fruits of broad-leaved passion to sycamore.
Background
Two-ball Suzuki (Platanus acerifolia) The method is common urban greening tree species, excellent shade trees and street trees, has rapid growth, beautiful plant types and strong adaptability, is widely distributed in various cities in China, and the southern cities in China commonly use two-ball sycamore as the greening tree species.
Loranthus multocida: (A. Merrill. F. et Fr.) Merr. (Taxillus nigrans) Is prepared from Loranthaceae Loranthus genus (Taxillus) The evergreen hemiparasitic plant is widely parasitic on the two-ball sycamore and the gingko (A, B, C)Ginkgo biloba) Paper mulberry (A, B)Broussonetia papyrifera) Chinese yew (metasequoia)Metasequoia glyptostroboides) Robinia pseudoacacia (C)Robinia pseudoacacia) Yulan magnolia (A) and (B)Magnolia denudate) Purple plum (Prunus salicina Kuntze.)Prunus cerasifera) Weeping willow (Salix babylonica) Chaenomeles speciosa (a) nakaiChaenomeles speciose) Silver wood (A), (B)Cinnamomum septentrionale) Glossy privet (A)Ligustrum incidum) And waiting for more than 40 kinds of trees. In general, host parasitism disturbs the stomata regulation system of the host, resulting in early closure and oscillation closure of the stomata of the host plant, thereby reducing the host photosynthesis rate. Excessive nutrition will be accumulated in the parasitic plant bodyNutrient elements cause strong drought stress to host plants and even death of the host plants.
In the host trees parasitized by the blumea lanceolata, the sycamore is the host with the largest parasitic quantity and density, and the generated harm is also the most prominent. The parasitized sycamore can cause poor growth and reduced growth of hosts, and parasitic branches are easy to die and wither, and the withered branches can cause damage to pedestrians and vehicles on roads. Because the sycamore is usually used as a street tree and is widely cultivated in cities in southwest of China, and the passion fruits of the broad-leaved syzygium sambucus are widely distributed in tropical regions in southwest, no effective treatment report is provided for the common parasitic harm phenomenon. Therefore, a practical, feasible, economic and effective treatment method is urgently needed to be researched, so that the harm of the passion fruit of the broad-leaved passion to the sycamore is effectively treated, and the method can also be used as a reference for treating the parasitic harm of other tree species.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a feasible, economic and effective method for treating the harm of parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits to the two-ball sycamore.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for treating the harm of parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits to sycamore comprises the following steps:
s1 parasitic hazard investigation: in the dormancy period of the two-ball sycamore, taking parasitic clusters as a unit, recording each parasitic cluster as a parasitic plant, and checking the individual number of parasitic plants of the passiflora edulis on a single two-ball sycamore tree; taking a parasitic cluster as a unit, and recording each parasitic cluster as a parasitic plant;
s2 parasitic strength division: carrying out parasitic intensity grade division according to the number of parasitic individuals of the blunt leaves checked in the step S1, and dividing the parasitic intensity grade into severe parasitic, moderate parasitic, mild parasitic and zero parasitic, wherein the severe parasitic is that the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than or equal to 30, more than 50% of the tree crown is replaced by a parasitic cluster, and the host branch withers; the medium parasitism is more than 30 and the number of parasitism individuals on a single host tree is more than or equal to 10, branches grow into tumor by the harmful part, and 20-50% of branches of a crown are replaced by parasitism clusters; the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than 0, the parasitic has small influence on the host, and the damaged part of the branch is slightly swollen; the number of the single parasitic plant is 0;
s3, grading hazard treatment: after more than half of leaves of the two-ball sycamore wither in winter, the two-ball sycamore with severe parasitism, moderate parasitism and mild parasitism is respectively treated by the following methods:
severe parasitism: cutting off the two-ball sycamore which is parasitized severely, wherein the height of the cut-off is that the position of a first-level lateral branch of the host tree is 1.5 m away from the trunk, and a parasitic plant sucker is peeled from the host plant when the parasitic plant is parasitic on the hair leaves which are born in the trunk or the first-level lateral branch of the host plant within 1.5 m;
moderate parasitism: pruning the two-ball sycamore parasitized in the middle, pruning the secondary side branch with the parasitic passion fruit of the blumea capillata, and cutting off the branch within 50 cm of the invasion position of the parasitic sucker of the blumea capillata;
mild parasitism: and spraying a medicament on the mildly parasitic two-ball sycamore, wherein the medicament is a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon.
Further, the individual number of parasitic hair leaves on the single-plant two-ball sycamore trees is checked by using a telescope.
Further, spraying a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon on the whole plant of the two-ball sycamore after the cutting, the shaping and the trimming.
Further, the mixed solution is formed by mixing glyphosate with the concentration of 180-240 ppm and ethephon with the concentration of 760-850 ppm, and the volume ratio of the glyphosate to the ethephon is 1: 3 to 5.
Furthermore, after the two-ball sycamore is cut off and trimmed, paint is coated on the wound of the trunk to protect the wound surface.
Further, the method also comprises the step of recovering the removed parasitic hair leaves and the blunt fruits as traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and recovering the removed twigs of the two-ball sycamore as wood or fuel.
The invention has the following advantages: the invention provides a method for treating the harm of the two-ball sycamore with the parasitic passion of the passion fruits and different parasitic strengths by dividing the two-ball sycamore with different parasitic strengths. The method overcomes the defects of rapid parasitic propagation and difficult treatment of the blumea edulis, remarkably controls the propagation and the harm, fills the blank of a harm treatment method, and has reference value for potential parasitic harm treatment of other tree species. The method provided by the invention is simple to operate, remarkable in treatment effect and low in treatment cost, and is suitable for treating the harm of parasitic passion fruits of the hair leaves to the sycamore.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of two-ball sycamore before remediation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of two-ball sycamore treated by the method;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the percent of parasitism on two-ball sycamore before and after remediation;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the amount of parasites on two-ball sycamore before and after treatment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, without limiting the scope of the invention to the following:
example 1: a method for treating the harm of parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits to sycamore comprises the following steps:
s1 parasitic hazard investigation: checking the individual number of parasitic hair leaves of the broad leaf trees on a single plant of the double-ball sycamore trees; taking a parasitic cluster as a unit, and recording each parasitic cluster as a parasitic plant; using a telescope to check the number of individuals parasitized by the blunt leaves on a single plant of the two-ball sycamore;
s2 parasitic strength division: carrying out parasitic intensity grade division according to the number of parasitic individuals of the blunt leaves checked in the step S1, and dividing the parasitic intensity grade into severe parasitic, moderate parasitic, mild parasitic and zero parasitic, wherein the severe parasitic is that the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than or equal to 30, more than 50% of the tree crown is replaced by a parasitic cluster, and the host branch withers; the moderate parasitism is more than 30 parasitism individuals on a single host tree and is more than or equal to 10, branches grow into tumor by the harmful part, and 20-50% of branches of a crown are replaced by parasitism clusters; the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than 0, the parasitic has small influence on the host, and the damaged part of the branch is slightly swollen; the number of the single parasitic plant is 0;
s3, grading hazard treatment: after more than half of leaves of the two-ball sycamore wither in winter, the two-ball sycamore with severe parasitism, moderate parasitism and mild parasitism is respectively treated by the following methods:
severe parasitism: cutting off the two-ball sycamore which is parasitized severely, wherein the height of the cut-off is that the position of a first-level lateral branch of the host tree is 1.5 m away from the trunk, and a parasitic plant sucker is peeled from the host plant when the parasitic plant is parasitic on the hair leaves which are born in the trunk or the first-level lateral branch of the host plant within 1.5 m;
moderate parasitism: pruning the two-ball sycamore parasitized in the middle, pruning the secondary side branch with the parasitic passion fruit of the blumea capillata, and cutting off the branch within 50 cm of the invasion position of the parasitic sucker of the blumea capillata;
mild parasitism: and spraying a medicament on the mildly parasitic two-ball sycamore, wherein the medicament is a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon.
Spraying a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon on to the whole plant of the two-ball sycamore after the cutting, the shaping and the trimming; after the two-ball sycamore is cut off and trimmed, paint is applied to the wound of the trunk to protect the wound surface; the mixed solution is prepared by mixing glyphosate with the concentration of 180 ppm and ethephon with the concentration of 760 ppm, and the volume ratio of the glyphosate to the ethephon is 1: 3; and recovering the removed parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits as Chinese medicinal materials, and recovering the removed branches of the two-ball sycamore as wood or fuel.
Example 2: a method for treating the harm of parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits to sycamore comprises the following steps:
s1 parasitic hazard investigation: checking the individual number of parasitic hair leaves of the broad leaf trees on a single plant of the double-ball sycamore trees; taking a parasitic cluster as a unit, and recording each parasitic cluster as a parasitic plant; using a telescope to check the number of individuals parasitized by the blunt leaves on a single plant of the two-ball sycamore;
s2 parasitic strength division: carrying out parasitic intensity grade division according to the number of parasitic individuals of the blunt leaves checked in the step S1, and dividing the parasitic intensity grade into severe parasitic, moderate parasitic, mild parasitic and zero parasitic, wherein the severe parasitic is that the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than or equal to 30, more than 50% of the tree crown is replaced by a parasitic cluster, and the host branch withers; the moderate parasitism is more than 30 parasitism individuals on a single host tree and is more than or equal to 10, branches grow into tumor by the harmful part, and 20-50% of branches of a crown are replaced by parasitism clusters; the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than 0, the parasitic has small influence on the host, and the damaged part of the branch is slightly swollen; the number of the single parasitic plant is 0;
s3, grading hazard treatment: after more than half of leaves of the two-ball sycamore wither in winter, the two-ball sycamore with severe parasitism, moderate parasitism and mild parasitism is respectively treated by the following methods:
severe parasitism: cutting off the two-ball sycamore which is parasitized severely, wherein the height of the cut-off is that the position of a first-level lateral branch of the host tree is 1.5 m away from the trunk, and a parasitic plant sucker is peeled from the host plant when the parasitic plant is parasitic on the hair leaves which are born in the trunk or the first-level lateral branch of the host plant within 1.5 m;
moderate parasitism: pruning the two-ball sycamore parasitized in the middle, pruning the secondary side branch with the parasitic passion fruit of the blumea capillata, and cutting off the branch within 50 cm of the invasion position of the parasitic sucker of the blumea capillata;
mild parasitism: and spraying a medicament on the mildly parasitic two-ball sycamore, wherein the medicament is a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon.
Spraying a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon on to the whole plant of the two-ball sycamore after the cutting, the shaping and the trimming; after the two-ball sycamore is cut off and trimmed, paint is applied to the wound of the trunk to protect the wound surface; the mixed solution is prepared by mixing glyphosate with the concentration of 240 ppm and ethephon with the concentration of 850 ppm, and the volume ratio of the glyphosate to the ethephon is 1: 5; and recovering the removed parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits as Chinese medicinal materials, and recovering the removed branches of the two-ball sycamore as wood or fuel.
Example 3: a method for treating the harm of parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits to sycamore comprises the following steps:
s1 parasitic hazard investigation: checking the individual number of parasitic hair leaves of the broad leaf trees on a single plant of the double-ball sycamore trees; taking a parasitic cluster as a unit, and recording each parasitic cluster as a parasitic plant; using a telescope to check the number of individuals parasitized by the blunt leaves on a single plant of the two-ball sycamore;
s2 parasitic strength division: carrying out parasitic intensity grade division according to the number of parasitic individuals of the blunt leaves checked in the step S1, and dividing the parasitic intensity grade into severe parasitic, moderate parasitic, mild parasitic and zero parasitic, wherein the severe parasitic is that the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than or equal to 30, more than 50% of the tree crown is replaced by a parasitic cluster, and the host branch withers; the moderate parasitism is more than 30 parasitism individuals on a single host tree and is more than or equal to 10, branches grow into tumor by the harmful part, and 20-50% of branches of a crown are replaced by parasitism clusters; the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than 0, the parasitic has small influence on the host, and the damaged part of the branch is slightly swollen; the number of the single parasitic plant is 0;
s3, grading hazard treatment: after more than half of leaves of the two-ball sycamore wither in winter, the two-ball sycamore with severe parasitism, moderate parasitism and mild parasitism is respectively treated by the following methods:
severe parasitism: cutting off the two-ball sycamore which is parasitized severely, wherein the height of the cut-off is that the position of a first-level lateral branch of the host tree is 1.5 m away from the trunk, and a parasitic plant sucker is peeled from the host plant when the parasitic plant is parasitic on the hair leaves which are born in the trunk or the first-level lateral branch of the host plant within 1.5 m;
moderate parasitism: pruning the two-ball sycamore parasitized in the middle, pruning the secondary side branch with the parasitic passion fruit of the blumea capillata, and cutting off the branch within 50 cm of the invasion position of the parasitic sucker of the blumea capillata;
mild parasitism: and spraying a medicament on the mildly parasitic two-ball sycamore, wherein the medicament is a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon.
Spraying a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon on to the whole plant of the two-ball sycamore after the cutting, the shaping and the trimming; after the two-ball sycamore is cut off and trimmed, paint is applied to the wound of the trunk to protect the wound surface; the mixed solution is prepared by mixing 200 ppm of glyphosate and 800 ppm of ethephon, and the volume ratio of the glyphosate to the ethephon is 1: 4; and recovering the removed parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits as Chinese medicinal materials, and recovering the removed branches of the two-ball sycamore as wood or fuel.
The process and benefits of the present invention are illustrated by the following tests:
1. test site: tanjiang school district of Sichuan university of Sichuan province, city and city
2. Test time: 12 months in 2017-5 months in 2019
3. The test method comprises the following steps:
s1 parasitic hazard investigation: checking the number of individuals of the parasitic hair leaves on a plurality of single two-ball sycamore trees in 12 months in 2017; taking a parasitic cluster as a unit, and recording each parasitic cluster as a parasitic plant; using a telescope to check the number of individuals parasitized by the blunt leaves on a single plant of the two-ball sycamore;
s2 parasitic strength division: carrying out parasitic intensity grade division according to the number of parasitic individuals of the blunt leaves checked in the step S1, and dividing the parasitic intensity grade into severe parasitic, moderate parasitic, mild parasitic and zero parasitic, wherein the severe parasitic is that the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than or equal to 30, more than 50% of the tree crown is replaced by a parasitic cluster, and the host branch withers; the moderate parasitism is more than 30 parasitism individuals on a single host tree and is more than or equal to 10, branches grow into tumor by the harmful part, and 20-50% of branches of a crown are replaced by parasitism clusters; the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than 0, the parasitic has small influence on the host, and the damaged part of the branch is slightly swollen; the number of the single parasitic plant is 0; as shown in fig. 1;
s3, grading hazard treatment: after more than half of leaves of the two-ball sycamore wither in winter, the two-ball sycamore with severe parasitism, moderate parasitism and mild parasitism is respectively treated by the following methods:
severe parasitism: cutting off the two-ball sycamore which is parasitized severely, wherein the height of the cut-off is that the position of a first-level lateral branch of the host tree is 1.5 m away from the trunk, and a parasitic plant sucker is peeled from the host plant when the parasitic plant is parasitic on the hair leaves which are born in the trunk or the first-level lateral branch of the host plant within 1.5 m;
moderate parasitism: pruning the two-ball sycamore parasitized in the middle, pruning the secondary side branch with the parasitic passion fruit of the blumea capillata, and cutting off the branch within 50 cm of the invasion position of the parasitic sucker of the blumea capillata;
mild parasitism: and spraying a medicament on the mildly parasitic two-ball sycamore, wherein the medicament is a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon.
Spraying a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon on to the whole plant of the two-ball sycamore after the cutting, the shaping and the trimming; after the two-ball sycamore is cut off and trimmed, paint is applied to the wound of the trunk to protect the wound surface; the mixed solution is prepared by mixing 200 ppm of glyphosate and 800 ppm of ethephon, and the volume ratio of the glyphosate to the ethephon is 1: 4; the removed parasitic hair leaves and the blunt fruits are recycled as traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and the removed branches of the two-ball sycamore are recycled as wood or fuel.
4. And (3) test results:
in 2019, in 1 month, the treatment effect of parasitic damage of hair leaves and passion fruits to the sycamore in the quanjiang school area of Sichuan university is investigated, and 200 sycamore plants are investigated in total, wherein 13 recurrent trees are reduced from 78% to 6.5% in parasitic percentage, as shown in fig. 3; the average number of parasitic plants of the blunt leaves on the single-plant host tree is reduced from 9.6 plants to 0.26 plant, as shown in figure 4. The rejuvenation effect after the trunk cutting and the shaping pruning of the two-ball sycamore is good, the sprouting branches are all more than 50 branches, and the death of the two-ball sycamore tree caused by the treatment method does not occur, as shown in figure 2.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for treating the harm of parasitic hair leaves and passion fruits to sycamore is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 parasitic hazard investigation: checking the individual number of parasitic hair leaves of the broad leaf trees on a single plant of the double-ball sycamore trees; taking a parasitic cluster as a unit, and recording each parasitic cluster as a parasitic plant;
s2 parasitic strength division: carrying out parasitic intensity grade division according to the number of parasitic individuals of the blunt leaves checked in the step S1, and dividing the parasitic intensity grade into severe parasitic, moderate parasitic, mild parasitic and zero parasitic, wherein the severe parasitic is that the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than or equal to 30, more than 50% of the tree crown is replaced by a parasitic cluster, and the host branch withers; the moderate parasitism is more than 30 parasitism individuals on a single host tree and is more than or equal to 10, branches grow into tumor by the harmful part, and 20-50% of branches of a crown are replaced by parasitism clusters; the number of parasitic individuals on a single host tree is more than 0, the parasitic has small influence on the host, and the damaged part of the branch is slightly swollen; the number of the single parasitic plant is 0;
s3, grading hazard treatment: after more than half of leaves of the two-ball sycamore wither in winter, the two-ball sycamore with severe parasitism, moderate parasitism and mild parasitism is respectively treated by the following methods:
severe parasitism: cutting off the two-ball sycamore which is parasitized severely, wherein the height of the cut-off is that the position of a first-level lateral branch of the host tree is 1.5 m away from the trunk, and the parasitic plant sucker is peeled from the host plant when the parasitic plant is parasitized by a hair leaf blunt fruit which is born in the trunk or the first-level lateral branch of the host plant within 1.5 m;
moderate parasitism: pruning the two-ball sycamore parasitized in the middle, pruning the secondary side branch with the parasitic passion fruit of the blumea capillata, and cutting off the branch within 50 cm of the invasion position of the parasitic sucker of the blumea capillata;
mild parasitism: spraying a medicine on the mildly parasitic sycamore, wherein the medicine is a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon, the mixed solution is formed by mixing glyphosate with the concentration of 180-240 ppm and ethephon with the concentration of 760-850 ppm, and the volume ratio of the glyphosate to the ethephon is 1: 3 to 5.
2. The method for controlling the damage of parasitic hair leaves to sycamore of claim 1, wherein the number of parasitic hair leaves on a single plant of sycamore of the species platina bicolor is determined by using a telescope.
3. The method for treating the damage of the parasitic plant of the passion fruit of the broad-leaved passion fruit to the sycamore as claimed in claim 1, further comprising spraying a mixed solution of glyphosate and ethephon on the whole plant of the sycamore after the cutting and the shaping and pruning.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sycamore is cut and trimmed, and paint is applied to the wound of the trunk to protect the wound surface.
5. The method for treating the damage of the parasitic hair leaves to the sycamore of the globeflower trees according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the step of recovering the removed parasitic hair leaves of the sycamore as a traditional Chinese medicine, and recovering the removed branches of the sycamore of the globeflower trees as wood or fuel.
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