CN110108584B - Device and method for automatically detecting hardness of ceramic tile - Google Patents
Device and method for automatically detecting hardness of ceramic tile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110108584B CN110108584B CN201910288993.XA CN201910288993A CN110108584B CN 110108584 B CN110108584 B CN 110108584B CN 201910288993 A CN201910288993 A CN 201910288993A CN 110108584 B CN110108584 B CN 110108584B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/50—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by measuring rolling friction, e.g. by rocking pendulum
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for automatically detecting the hardness of a ceramic tile, wherein the device comprises: the grinding wheel polisher is arranged on one side of the conveying belt, the industrial camera is arranged on the other side, and the industrial control computer receives and analyzes signals of the sensor of the industrial camera; the cleaning device is arranged in the middle of the conveyor belt; polishing two grooves of the ceramic tile by using a diamond groove grinding wheel polisher with the hardest strength, and cleaning the polished ceramic tile by using a ceramic tile cleaning device; four strip-shaped light sources are respectively positioned on the periphery of the ceramic tile and are vertically arranged relative to the ceramic tile; and analyzing and calculating the information through an industrial camera and an industrial control computer, and accurately reacting the hardness of the ceramic tile in real time. The method comprises the following steps: performing denoising processing on the image by using wavelet denoising, and automatically acquiring an optimal threshold value by calculating an information entropy; regularizing and approximating the identified groove image to obtain more accurate groove length; and judging the hardness of the ceramic tile according to the detected length of the groove.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic detection, in particular to a device and a method for automatically detecting the hardness of a ceramic tile.
Background
The hardness of the produced ceramic tiles is detected in real time by ceramic tile production enterprises, and the hardness grade of the ceramic tiles directly determines whether the ceramic tiles are qualified or not and the application of the ceramic tiles.
At present, the detection method and the standard for measuring the ceramic tiles in China are not scientific and reasonable enough. The common method is to carve the glaze by using a standard module and observe which level of module the glaze is damaged; or the ceramic tile is beaten, and the hardness of the ceramic tile is judged by sound. In the standard module carving method, because the forces of different detection personnel are different, different detection personnel can obtain different detection conclusions even if the same standard module is used for carving the same tile. The tile knocking method can only depend on the experience of the detection personnel to perform fuzzy judgment.
In addition, these two methods can only obtain approximate detection results, and cannot classify the ceramic tiles into detailed categories, which brings inconvenience to manufacturers, detectors and users who produce the ceramic tiles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for automatically detecting the hardness of a ceramic tile, the device provided by the invention is simple, the detection is rapid, the maintenance cost is low, and the real-time detection of the hardness of the ceramic tile is realized, which is described in detail as follows:
an apparatus for automated detection of tile hardness, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a groove polishing device, a cleaning device, a strip-shaped light source, an industrial camera, an industrial control computer and three position sensors;
the industrial control computer receives and analyzes signals of the industrial camera sensor; the cleaning device is arranged in the middle of the conveyor belt;
polishing two grooves on the ceramic tile by using a diamond groove grinding wheel polisher with the hardest strength, and cleaning the polished ceramic tile by using a ceramic tile cleaning device;
four strip-shaped light sources are respectively positioned on the periphery of the ceramic tile and are vertically arranged relative to the ceramic tile;
and analyzing and calculating the information through an industrial camera and an industrial control computer, and accurately reacting the hardness of the ceramic tile in real time.
Wherein, keep industrial camera and ceramic tile surface position fixed, use distance sensor to guarantee that industrial camera and ceramic tile surface position are fixed unchangeably.
A method for automated detection of tile hardness, the method comprising the steps of:
using four strip light sources at different positions to perform illumination treatment on the ceramic tile groove respectively, and obtaining an image obtained after polishing the groove through an industrial camera and an industrial control computer;
according to an image obtained by an industrial camera, performing noise reduction processing on the image by using wavelet noise reduction, and automatically obtaining an optimal threshold value in a mode of calculating information entropy;
regularizing and approximating the identified groove image to obtain more accurate groove length; and judging the hardness of the ceramic tile according to the detected length of the groove.
The regularization and approximation processing of the identified groove image specifically comprises the following steps:
redrawing the graph line through the four boundary points to obtain a regular tile dent, and selecting
To
As the strip of tile indents l1；
Installing a laser distance sensor on the industrial camera, continuously adjusting the distance from the industrial camera to the surface of the ceramic tile through the laser distance sensor, and fixing the distance from the industrial camera to the ceramic tile as d;
and constructing a corresponding relation table of the positions of the pixel points on the image and the actual distances, designing the pixel corresponding table according to the size of the ceramic tile, and converting the detected groove length into the real length.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the groove polishing device can polish the groove of the ceramic tile with any hardness by using the grooving sheet made of the diamond material, and analyzes and calculates information by using an industrial camera and an industrial control computer, so that the hardness of the ceramic tile is accurately detected in real time;
2. the detection method can measure the hardness of the polished tile and the glazed tile;
3. the detection device and the calculation process have the advantages of small error, high detection precision, high speed and low maintenance cost.
4. The invention utilizes the industrial camera to measure the dimension, the measurement is in pixel level, and the measurement precision can be accurate to millimeter. The hardness of the polished tile can be measured, and the hardness of the glazed tile can also be measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic detection device for automatically detecting hardness of a ceramic tile according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an acquired polished tile image;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of noise reduction;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the results after noise reduction;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of identifying a groove;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of identifying a groove;
fig. 7 is a result diagram of the result subjected to the regularization and approximation processing.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1: ceramic tiles; 2. 4, 6: a position sensor;
3: a groove polishing device; 5: a cleaning device;
7: an identification device; 8: a conveyor belt;
9: a grinding wheel polisher; 10: a disc special-shaped brush;
11: flushing the water pipe; 12: an industrial camera;
13: a strip light source; 14: a distance sensor;
15: and (5) controlling the computer by an industrial worker.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides an automatic detection device for automatically detecting the hardness of a ceramic tile, and referring to fig. 1, the detection device comprises: a groove grinding device 3, a cleaning device 5, a bar-shaped light source 13, an industrial camera 12, an industrial control computer 15 and three position sensors (respectively represented by reference numerals 2, 4 and 6);
wherein, the grinding wheel sander 9 is installed on one side of the conveyor belt 8, the industrial camera 12 is installed on the other side of the conveyor belt 8, and the industrial control computer 15 receives and analyzes the signal of the industrial camera sensor 12; the cleaning device 5 is mounted to the middle of the conveyor belt 8.
Preferably, there are two grinders 9, one industrial camera 12, four bar light sources 13, and three position sensors.
During concrete implementation, carry out the recess with diamond groove grinding wheel polisher 9 that has the hardest intensity to ceramic tile 1 and polish, in order to obtain the higher recognition result of precision, carry out the processing of polishing of two recesses to ceramic tile 1. Since the tiles 1 are polished to produce stains which inevitably affect the identification of the grooves in the later stage, a tile cleaning device 5 is provided. For example: the polished tile 1' can be cleaned by a flushing water pipe 11 and a disc special-shaped brush 10.
In a specific implementation, considering that the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to identify the length of the groove, four strip light sources 13 are respectively located around the tile 1 "and vertically arranged opposite to the tile 1" to more clearly highlight the groove.
In the embodiment of the invention, because the monocular camera is used for measuring the length of the groove, the industrial camera 12 and the surface position of the ceramic tile need to be kept fixed in order to accurately measure the length of the groove, and the distance sensor 14 is used for ensuring that the industrial camera 12 and the surface position of the ceramic tile are fixed in consideration of different thicknesses of the ceramic tiles produced by the production line.
In summary, in the embodiment of the invention, the grooving sheet made of diamond can be used for groove grinding of tiles with any hardness, and the hardness of the tiles can be accurately reflected in real time by analyzing and calculating information through the industrial camera and the industrial control computer.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides an automatic detection method for automatically detecting the hardness of a ceramic tile, which comprises the following steps:
101: polishing a groove of the ceramic tile 1 to be detected;
wherein the step 101 comprises: equipment initialization, the piece of slotting that uses the diamond material carries out polishing of two recesses to ceramic tile 1.
102: cleaning the polished ceramic tile by using clean water and a disc special-shaped brush;
103: using four strip light sources 13 at different positions to perform illumination treatment on the ceramic tile groove respectively, and obtaining an image after polishing the groove through an industrial camera 12 and an industrial control computer; (as shown in FIG. 2);
104: according to the image obtained by the industrial camera 12, an image processing method is applied to carry out image drying processing;
wherein the step 104 comprises: carrying out noise reduction processing on the image by using a wavelet noise reduction method, and automatically acquiring an optimal threshold value by calculating an information entropy; and the identified groove image is subjected to regularization and approximation processing to obtain a more accurate groove length.
105: identifying the groove length of the tile 1 using a designed length measurement technique;
namely, comprising: and judging the hardness of the ceramic tile according to the detected length of the groove.
106: and acquiring the hardness of the ceramic tile according to the identified groove length.
As shown in fig. 3, step 104 includes acquiring polished tile images by the black and white industrial camera 12, and fig. 2 is an image acquired by the industrial camera 12 after being irradiated by a bar light source 13; considering that the picture acquired with the industrial camera 12 in the production line has a feature of salt and pepper noise, db5 is selected as a wavelet function and the number of decomposition layers is set to 4; selecting an improved threshold function to process high-frequency coefficients:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the processed wavelet coefficients, wj，kλ is the threshold for the original signal. The lambda adopts a calculation method of different thresholds on different levels:
wherein, delta2Is the variance of the noise, N is the length of the sampled signal, and j is the number of decomposition layers.
The noise reduction map shown in fig. 4 can be obtained by inverse-transforming the processed high-frequency coefficients.
As shown in fig. 5, step 105 includes: aiming at the noise-reduced image, identifying the length of the polished groove by using a binarization threshold value method, wherein the calculation method of the binarization threshold value is as follows:
(1) calculating the probability of each gray value in the noise reduction gray map:
wherein N and M represent the length and width of the image, Gm(m-1) } denotes a gray value appearing in one picture, and fiRepresenting the number of times each gray value appears, m is 256.
(2) For any one gray value s, the following two parts can be obtained through calculation after normalization:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the sum of probabilities, p, of occurrence from gray values of 0 to ssA, B is the calculated two-part information as the probability of occurrence of the gray value s.
(3) For the tile image segmentation problem involved in the present study, as can be seen from fig. 2 and 4, the area where the white groove to be identified appears is small; in addition, for the image segmentation problem, the basic idea is to maximize the distinction between the target and the background, so the overall information entropy provided by the a part and the B part after the segmentation by s as the threshold is:
in the formula, CA(s)，CB(s) is the overall entropy of information that can be provided by parts A and B, respectively.
(4) To maximize the separation of the tile recess target and background studied by the present method, the threshold tc(s) is chosen to be a maximization:
wherein, TC(s)*) Is the maximum in TC(s).
As shown in fig. 6, the tile recess can be separated from the background according to the calculated threshold:
since the irregular shape is obtained after the recognition, the obtained shape is subjected to the regularization processing. As shown in FIG. 7, coordinates A (x) of four boundary points of the irregular figure are obtaineda,ya),B(xb,yb),C(xc,yc),D(xd,yd). A regular tile indentation (white rectangle in fig. 7) is obtained by re-plotting the graph line through the four boundary points. Selecting
To
As the strip of tile indents l1。
In order to make it easier to obtain the actual length of the groove, considering the difference in thickness of the tiles to be detected, a laser distance sensor 14 is mounted on the industrial camera 12. The distance from the industrial camera 12 to the surface of the tile 1 is continuously adjusted by the laser distance sensor 14, and the distance from the industrial camera 12 to the tile 1 is fixed to d. Since the industrial camera 12 has distortion, table 1 is constructed to make correspondence of the position of a pixel point on an image with an actual distance in order to reduce the influence of the distortion. According to the size of the tile 1, the resolution of the industrial camera 12 used in the embodiment of the present invention is 1628 × 1236, a 10 × 10 pixel correspondence table is designed, and the detected groove length l is compared with the original groove length l1Converted into a true length L1. Similarly, the remaining 3 groove lengths L can be obtained by turning on the other strip light sources 13, respectively2、L3、L4. Averaging four lengths
As an evaluation value of the hardness of the tile 1.
TABLE 1 Camera Pixel Point & actual Length correspondence Table
TABLE 2 table of the corresponding relationship between the groove length L and the hardness
As shown in table 2, step F comprises the division of the hardness classes of the tiles 1 produced by the production line according to the table of correspondence of the length L of the grooves to the hardness. The corresponding relation between the length L of the constructed groove and the hardness of the ceramic tile does not have a specific standard, a standard edition can be set, and the groove grinding is carried out on the ceramic tile with any hardness by using the grooving sheet made of the standard diamond material to obtain the length corresponding to the hardness. And (4) making a detailed standard specification, and classifying hardness grades.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide an automatic detection method for automatically detecting tile hardness, in which an industrial camera is used to measure the size, the measurement is at a pixel level, and the measurement precision can be as accurate as millimeter. The method can measure the hardness of the polished tile and the glazed tile.
In the embodiment of the present invention, except for the specific description of the model of each device, the model of other devices is not limited, as long as the device can perform the above functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for automatically detecting the hardness of a tile, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
using four strip light sources at different positions to perform illumination treatment on the ceramic tile groove respectively, and obtaining an image obtained after polishing the groove through an industrial camera and an industrial control computer;
according to an image obtained by an industrial camera, performing noise reduction processing on the image by using wavelet noise reduction, and automatically obtaining an optimal threshold value in a mode of calculating information entropy;
regularization and approximation processing are carried out on the identified groove image, and the regularization and approximation processing specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining and identifying coordinates A (x) of four boundary points of the irregular figurea,ya),B(xb,yb),C(xc,yc),D(xd,yd) Redrawing the graph line through the four boundary points to obtain a regular tile dent, and selecting
To
As the length l of the groove of the strip of tiles1；
Installing a laser distance sensor on the industrial camera, continuously adjusting the distance from the industrial camera to the surface of the ceramic tile through the laser distance sensor, and fixing the distance from the industrial camera to the ceramic tile as d;
constructing a corresponding relation table of the positions of the pixel points on the image and the actual distances, designing a pixel corresponding table according to the size of the ceramic tile,
the detected length l of the groove1Converted into a true length L1Respectively turning on other strip light sources to obtain the lengths L of the other 3 grooves2、L3、L4Calculating the average of four lengths
As an evaluation value of the tile hardness;
according to the corresponding relation table of the length L of the groove and the hardness, the hardness grades of the tiles produced by the production line are divided, the groove of the tiles with any hardness is polished by the grooving sheet made of standard diamond materials to obtain the correspondence between the length and the hardness, and the hardness grades are divided.
2. A method for the automated detection of the hardness of ceramic tiles according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices applied in said method comprise: the device comprises a groove polishing device, a cleaning device, a strip-shaped light source, an industrial camera, an industrial control computer and three position sensors;
the industrial control computer receives and analyzes signals of the industrial camera sensor; the cleaning device is arranged in the middle of the conveyor belt;
polishing two grooves on the ceramic tile by using a diamond groove grinding wheel polisher with the hardest strength, and cleaning the polished ceramic tile by using a ceramic tile cleaning device;
four strip-shaped light sources are respectively positioned on the periphery of the ceramic tile and are vertically arranged relative to the ceramic tile;
and analyzing and calculating the information through an industrial camera and an industrial control computer, and accurately reacting the hardness of the ceramic tile in real time.
3. The method for automatically detecting the hardness of the ceramic tiles as claimed in claim 2,
the industrial camera and the surface position of the ceramic tile are kept fixed, and the industrial camera and the surface position of the ceramic tile are guaranteed to be fixed and unchanged by using the distance sensor.
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| CN105058193A (en) * | 2015-09-03 | 2015-11-18 | 黄河科技学院 | Surface pattern spray printing, drying and edging equipment for building tiles |
| CN106181672A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏铂英特电子科技有限公司 | A kind of automatically grinding equipment |
| CN206492728U (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-09-15 | 青岛海智检测科技有限公司 | Ceramic tile surface detection device |
| CN106553107A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-04-05 | 南通沃特光电科技有限公司 | A kind of polishing milling machine and its finishing method |
| CN108296899A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-07-20 | 闻斌壹 | A kind of mechanical processing sheet metal polishing cleaning device |
| CN208485800U (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2019-02-12 | 佛山市南海区博昌业玻璃制品有限公司 | A kind of glass-cutting edging cleaning integrated equipment |
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