CN101839832A - Vickers hardness test system and method - Google Patents
Vickers hardness test system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101839832A CN101839832A CN200910300949A CN200910300949A CN101839832A CN 101839832 A CN101839832 A CN 101839832A CN 200910300949 A CN200910300949 A CN 200910300949A CN 200910300949 A CN200910300949 A CN 200910300949A CN 101839832 A CN101839832 A CN 101839832A
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Abstract
The invention provides a Vickers hardness test system, which is run on a computer, and the computer is connected with a hardness test platform. The hardness test platform utilizes an industrial optical lens and a charge-coupled device to acquire the indentation image of the surface of material to be tested, and transmits the indentation image to the computer. The computer utilizes the Vickers hardness detection system to carry out analysis in order to obtain the positions of the four corners of two indentation diagonals in the indentation image, the lengths of the two indentation diagonals are calculated according to the four corners, the Vickers hardness of the material to be tested is then calculated according to the lengths of the two indentation diagonals, and a test result is outputted to a display device connected with the computer. The invention also provides a Vickers hardness test method. The invention can accurately determine the position of the indentation of the surface of material, and therefore the precision of hardness test is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material hardness detection system and method, especially about a kind of Vickers hardness test system and method.
Background technology
(Vickers-Hardness VH) is a kind of standard of expression material hardness to Vickers hardness.The Vickers hardness of measuring material normally is that 136 ° square taper adamas is pressed into material surface with the opposite face angle, after the maintenance stipulated time, measures the impression catercorner length, by formula calculates the size of hardness again.
At present, the tester is to rely on visual definite impression position when using Vickers hardness to detect the hardness of board measurement material, reads the cornerwise length of impression by tape measure again.Visual meeting causes eye fatigue, and there is probabilistic problem in the data that cause measuring.
Summary of the invention
In view of above content, be necessary to provide a kind of Vickers hardness test system, can determine the impression position objectively, improve the degree of accuracy that Vickers hardness detects.
In addition, also be necessary to provide a kind of Vickers hardness test method, can determine the impression position objectively, improve the degree of accuracy that Vickers hardness detects.
The invention provides a kind of Vickers hardness test system, this system runs on computing machine, and this computing machine is connected with hardness test platform.This hardness test platform is gathered the impression image on detected materials surface by industrial optical lens and charge-coupled device (CCD), and this impression image is sent to computing machine.This computing machine utilizes described Vickers hardness test system analysis to obtain the position of two cornerwise four angle points of impression in the impression image, calculate two cornerwise length of impression according to these four angle points, calculate the Vickers hardness of detected materials again according to two cornerwise length gauges of impression, output test results to the display device that is connected with computing machine.
The present invention also provides this method of a kind of Vickers hardness test method to comprise: (a) gather the impression image on detected materials surface by the industrial optical lens and the charge-coupled device (CCD) of hardness test platform, and this impression image is sent to the computing machine that is connected with hardness test platform; Reach the position that (b) obtains two cornerwise four angle points of impression in the impression image by Computer Analysis, calculate two cornerwise length of impression according to these four angle points, calculate the Vickers hardness of detected materials again according to two cornerwise length gauges of impression, output test results to the display device that is connected with computing machine.
Compared to prior art, Vickers hardness test system provided by the invention and method can be determined the impression position of material surface exactly, improve the degree of accuracy that hardness detects.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of Vickers hardness test system preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the general flow chart of Vickers hardness test method preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the particular flow sheet that step is searched two cornerwise four angle points of impression among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is two cornerwise synoptic diagram of impression in the impression image.
Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 4.
Embodiment
Understand for convenient, description below made in the part term that occurs in the literary composition:
Angle point: the intersection point when two straight lines constitute the angle.
As shown in Figure 1, be the functional block diagram of Vickers hardness test system preferred embodiment of the present invention.Hardness test platform 10 is connected with computing machine 20, and this computing machine 20 also is connected with a display device 30.This computing machine 20 is installed and run on to described Vickers hardness test system 40.
Be equipped with on the Z axle of hardness test platform 10 charge-coupled device (CCD) (Charge Coupled Device, CCD) 11, these CCD 11 the place aheads are equipped with an industrial optical lens (not shown).Described hardness test platform 10 is the surface that 136 ° square taper adamas is pressed into detected materials with an opposite face angle, remove this adamas from the detected materials surface after keeping certain hour, gather the impression image on detected materials surface by this industrial optical lens and this CCD 11, and this impression image is sent to computing machine 20.
Vickers hardness test system 40 comprises: initialization module 41, read module 42, judge module 43, reminding module 44, computing module 45, search module 46 and output module 47.
Read module 42 is used to read the impression image on the detected materials surface of hardness test platform 10 outputs.
Search the Grad that module 46 is used for analyzing impression image pixel, and find out two cornerwise four angle points of impression, P1 as shown in Figure 4, P2, P3 and P4 according to the coordinate relation of four angle points of two impression diagonal line.In the present embodiment, as previously mentioned, two one of orthogonal impression diagonal line of rhombus are that horizontal direction, one are vertical direction, theoretically, article two, there is following relation in the coordinate figure of cornerwise four angle points of impression: the ordinate of two angle points of horizontal impression diagonal line equates that the horizontal ordinate of vertical two angle points of impression diagonal line equates.Search the Grad that module 46 is calculated each pixel in the impression image, analyze the bigger pixel of Grad, up to finding four pixels, the approximate above-mentioned theory relation that satisfies the coordinate figure of two cornerwise four angle points of impression of the coordinate figure of these four pixels is two cornerwise four angle points of impression.Big more this pixel of explanation of the Grad of pixel is more near the frontier point in the image.
In actual measurement, because influence factors such as material surface is can not be absolute smooth, except that the impression diagonal line, also can there be other assorted point in the impression image that obtains,, has certain error so cornerwise four angle points of two impressions that find can not satisfy the above-mentioned theory relation fully.
As shown in Figure 2, be the general flow chart of Vickers hardness test method embodiment of the present invention.
Step S101 powers on for hardness test platform 10, and initialization module 41 initialization hardness test platform 10 comprise initialization CCD 11 and industrial optical lens.After initialization was finished, hardness test platform 10 was the surface that 136 ° square taper adamas is pressed into detected materials with certain load (for example 1 kilogram) with an opposite face angle, removed this adamas from the detected materials surface after keeping certain hour.
Step S103, hardness test platform 10 is gathered the impression image on detected materials surface by industrial optical lens and this CCD 11, and read module 42 reads the impression image on the detected materials surface of hardness test platform 10 outputs.
Step S105, judge module 43 judge whether two impression diagonal line in the impression image are respectively level, vertical direction.If judge module 43 judges that two impression diagonal line in the impression image are not level, vertical direction, then flow process enters step S107.
Step S107, reminding module 44 prompting users adjust CCD 11 and described industrial optical lens.Afterwards, flow process changes step S103 over to, and two impression diagonal line in the impression image that Vickers hardness test system 40 is gathered are respectively level, vertical direction, and flow process enters step S109.
Step S109, computing module 45 are used for calculating at the shared number of pixels of described impression image according to two cornerwise reference lengths of impression and this reference length the reference resolution of pixel.In the present embodiment, the resolution of pixel refers to a pixel level or the shared length of vertical direction in image.Reference length refers to the cornerwise length of standard impression.For example, article two, the cornerwise reference length of impression is 100.75 μ m, this reference length shared number of pixels in described impression image is 307, the reference length of pixel then, promptly each pixel level or shared length of vertical direction in the impression image is 100.75 μ m/307=0.328175896 μ m.
Step S111 searches the Grad that module 46 is analyzed pixel in the impression image, and searches two cornerwise four angle points of impression (specify and see also Fig. 3) according to the coordinate relation of four angle points of two impression diagonal line.As shown in Figure 4 four angle point P1, P2, P3 and P4.
Step S113, computing module 45 calculates two cornerwise length of impression according to the number of pixels of level or vertical distribution between cornerwise two angle points of each bar impression and the reference resolution of pixel.For example, the reference resolution 0.328175896 μ m of the number of pixels N of vertical line segment a1a3 (or a2a4) distribution of computing module 45 bases and pixel calculates the length d 1=N*0.328175896 μ m of impression diagonal line P1P2.
Step S115, computing module 45 is applied to the Vickers hardness that formula calculates detected materials with two cornerwise length of impression.Described formula is HV=1.8544* (2p/ (d1+d2)), and wherein, p is a load, and d1, d2 are respectively the length of two impression diagonal line P1P2, P3P4.
Step S117, output module 47 outputs test results to display device 30.Described test result includes, but not limited to detected materials title, numbering, every cornerwise length of impression, two the cornerwise error in lengths of impression, the load that produces current indentation hardness and the information such as Vickers hardness of detected materials.
Present embodiment is example explanation the present invention with the one-time detection process only, in order to improve the precision of detection, further reduces measuring error, can carry out the Vickers hardness detection to repeatedly producing indentation hardness with different loads with a kind of detected materials.
As shown in Figure 3, be the particular flow sheet of step S115 among Fig. 2.
Step S201, computing module 45 calculates the Grad of each pixel in this impression image.
Step S203, read module 42 filter out Grad all pixels greater than one first preset value, look these pixels and are the angle point in this impression image.The user can suitably be provided with this first preset value as required, and this first preset value numerical value is big more, and the angle point number that read module 42 filters out is few more, otherwise this first preset value numerical value is more little, and the angle point number that read module 42 filters out is many more.
Step S205, read module 42 read one first angle point.
Step S207 searches module 46 and searches second angle point along the level or the vertical direction of this first angle point, and the horizontal ordinate of this second angle point and first angle point or the difference of ordinate are less than second preset value.Theoretically, there is following relation in the coordinate figure of two cornerwise four angle points of impression: the ordinate of two angle points of horizontal impression diagonal line equates that the horizontal ordinate of vertical two angle points of impression diagonal line equates.Yet, in actual measurement, because also can there be other assorted point in influence factor such as material surface is can not be absolute smooth except that the impression diagonal line in the impression image that obtains, so cornerwise four angle points of two impressions that find can not satisfy the above-mentioned theory relation fully, have certain error.Described second preset value is represented the error range of the permission that the user is provided with.
Step S209, judge module 43 judge whether to find and the difference of the horizontal ordinate of first angle point or ordinate second angle point less than second preset value.Do not find and the difference of the horizontal ordinate of first angle point or ordinate second angle point less than second preset value if judge module 43 is judged, then flow process is returned step S205; Find and the difference of the horizontal ordinate of first angle point or ordinate second angle point less than second preset value if judge module 43 is judged, then flow process enters step S211.
Step S211, computing module 45 calculates the central point of this first, second angle point.
Step S213 searches module 46 and searches the 3rd, the 4th angle point according to this central point along the vertical direction of first, second angle point line, and the horizontal ordinate of the 3rd, the 4th angle point or the difference of ordinate are less than second preset value.
Step S215, judge module 43 judge whether to find three, four angle point of the difference of horizontal ordinate or ordinate less than second preset value.Do not find three, four angle point of the difference of horizontal ordinate or ordinate less than second preset value if judge module 43 is judged, then flow process is returned step S205; If judging, judge module 43 finds three, four angle point of the difference of horizontal ordinate or ordinate less than second preset value, angle point P1, P2, P3 and the P4 among Fig. 4 for example, and then flow process enters step S217.
Above-mentioned four angle points whether step S217, reminding module 44 prompting users need manual adjustment to search to obtain.Because there is certain error in above-mentioned four angle points searching two indentation lines that obtain, in order further to improve testing result, the user can carry out suitable manual adjustment on above-mentioned basis of searching.As shown in Figure 4, a1a2, a3a4, a1a3, the a2a4 that shows on the display device 30 searches four levels or the vertical frame line that generates automatically in four angle point processes of two impression diagonal line, intersects with two impression diagonal line respectively.Above-mentioned four angle points that if the user does not need manual adjustment to search to be obtained, then flow process finishes; Above-mentioned four angle points that if the user needs manual adjustment to search to be obtained, then flow process enters step S219.
Step S219 searches the topography that comprises an angle point that module 46 chooses the user and is amplified to certain multiple and is shown in display device 30.For example, the user chooses the horizontal upper side frame line a1a2 among Fig. 4, search module 46 and will comprise that the topography of the first angle point P1 and horizontal upper side frame line a1a2 amplifies 500 and show and show, as shown in Figure 5, after the amplification, horizontal upper side frame line a1a2 and article one impression are cornerwise to be not to intersect at the first angle point P1, but intersect at two other point, these 2 the angle point P1 ' with article one impression diagonal line reality form a Delta Region Q, then the user can be intersected to it in angle point P1 ' by the horizontal upper side frame line of manual adjustment a1a2, and just adjusting the first angle point P1 is P1 '.The manual adjustment process of other angle point is similar, does not repeat them here.
Step S221 searches module 46 redefines above-mentioned four angle points according to user's manual adjustment result position.
In other embodiment, also can omit step S217 among Fig. 3 to step S221.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a Vickers hardness test system runs on computing machine, and this computing machine is connected with hardness test platform, it is characterized in that:
Described hardness test platform is gathered the impression image on detected materials surface by industrial optical lens and charge-coupled device (CCD), and this impression image is sent to computing machine; And
This computing machine utilizes described Vickers hardness test system analysis to obtain the position of two cornerwise four angle points of impression in the impression image, calculate two cornerwise length of impression according to these four angle points, calculate the Vickers hardness of detected materials again according to two cornerwise length gauges of impression, output test results to the display device that is connected with computing machine.
2. Vickers hardness test system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this system comprises:
Read module is used to read the impression image of hardness test platform output;
Judge module is used for judging whether two impression diagonal line of impression image are respectively level, vertical direction;
Reminding module, be used for when judge module judges that two impression diagonal line of impression image are not level, vertical direction, the prompting user adjusts industrial optical lens and charge-coupled device (CCD), and two impression diagonal line in the impression image of hardness test platform output are respectively level, vertical direction;
Computing module is used for calculating at the shared number of pixels of described impression image according to two cornerwise reference lengths of impression and this reference length the reference resolution of pixel; And
Search module, be used for analyzing the Grad of impression image pixel, and find out two cornerwise four angle points of impression according to the coordinate relation of four angle points of two impression diagonal line; And
Computing module, also be used for calculating two cornerwise length of impression, and obtain the Vickers hardness of detected materials according to two cornerwise length computation of impression according to the number of pixels of level or vertical distribution between cornerwise two angle points of each bar impression and the reference resolution of pixel.
3. Vickers hardness test system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that this system also comprises initialization module, is used for the industrial optical lens and the charge-coupled device (CCD) of initialization hardness test platform.
4. Vickers hardness test system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that this system also comprises output module, is used to output test results to described display device.
5. Vickers hardness test system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that described test result comprises: detected materials title, numbering, every cornerwise length of impression, two the cornerwise error in lengths of impression, the load that produces current indentation hardness and the Vickers hardnesses of detected materials.
6. a Vickers hardness test method is characterized in that, this method comprises:
(a) gather the impression image on detected materials surface by the industrial optical lens and the charge-coupled device (CCD) of hardness test platform, and this impression image is sent to the computing machine that is connected with hardness test platform; And
(b) obtain the position of two cornerwise four angle points of impression in the impression image by Computer Analysis, calculate two cornerwise length of impression according to these four angle points, utilize formula to calculate the Vickers hardness of detected materials again, output test results to the display device that is connected with computing machine.
7. Vickers hardness test method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, wherein step (b) comprising:
(b1) read the impression image that hardness test platform is exported;
(b2) judge whether two impression diagonal line in the impression image are respectively level, vertical direction;
(b3) when two impression diagonal line in the judge module judgement impression image are not level, vertical direction, the prompting user adjusts industrial optical lens and charge-coupled device (CCD), and two impression diagonal line in the impression image of hardness test platform output are respectively level, vertical direction;
(b4) shared number of pixels in described impression image calculates the reference resolution of pixel according to two cornerwise reference lengths of impression and this reference length;
(b5) analyze the Grad of pixel in the impression image, and find out two cornerwise four angle points of impression according to the coordinate relation of four angle points of two impression diagonal line; And
(b6) calculate two cornerwise length of impression according to the number of pixels of level or vertical distribution between cornerwise two angle points of each bar impression and the reference resolution of pixel, and obtain the Vickers hardness of detected materials according to two cornerwise length computation of impression.
8. Vickers hardness test method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, wherein step (b5) comprising:
(c1) calculate the Grad of each pixel in this impression image;
(c2) filter out Grad all pixels, look these pixels and be the angle point in this impression image greater than one first preset value;
(c3) read one first angle point;
(c4) search second angle point along the level or the vertical direction of this first angle point, the horizontal ordinate of this second angle point and first angle point or the difference of ordinate are less than second preset value;
(c5) judge whether to find and the difference of the horizontal ordinate of first angle point or ordinate second angle point less than second preset value, if do not find and the difference of the horizontal ordinate of first angle point or ordinate second angle point less than second preset value, then return step (c3), if find and the difference of the horizontal ordinate of first angle point or ordinate second angle point, then enter step (c6) less than second preset value;
(c6) calculate the central point of this first, second angle point;
(c7) search the 3rd, the 4th angle point according to this central point along the vertical direction of first, second angle point line, the horizontal ordinate of the 3rd, the 4th angle point or the difference of ordinate are less than second preset value; And
(c8) judge whether to find three, four angle point of the difference of horizontal ordinate or ordinate,, then return step (c3) if do not find the 3rd, the 4th angle point of the difference of horizontal ordinate or ordinate less than second preset value less than second preset value.
9. Vickers hardness test method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, wherein step (b5) also comprises:
(c9) prompting user manual adjustment is searched above-mentioned four angle points that obtain;
(c10) topography that comprises an angle point that the user is chosen is amplified to certain multiple and is shown in display device; And
(c11) redefine the position of above-mentioned four angle points according to user's manual adjustment result.
10. Vickers hardness test method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that described test result comprises: detected materials title, numbering, every cornerwise length of impression, two the cornerwise error in lengths of impression, the load that produces current indentation hardness and the Vickers hardnesses of detected materials.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102998193A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-27 | 株式会社三丰 | Hardness tester and hardness test method |
| CN103123313A (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2013-05-29 | 株式会社三丰 | Hardness tester and hardness test method |
| CN103900920A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-02 | 国家电网公司 | Cylindrical workpiece Brinell hardness number acquiring method |
| CN104075954A (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-01 | 株式会社三丰 | Hardness tester and hardness test method |
| CN104422628A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-18 | 北京时代之峰科技有限公司 | Indentation image identification method and system based on Vickers hardness |
| CN110108584A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-09 | 天津大学 | A kind of apparatus and method of automatic detection ceramic tile hardness |
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| CN112147016A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-29 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Image analysis method for metal material hardness measurement |
| CN112945704A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-11 | 八都机械锻造(苏州)有限公司 | Brinell hardness online detection system for intelligent factory |
| CN113996554A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Unattended system and method for hardometer |
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| CN1322321C (en) * | 2004-01-06 | 2007-06-20 | 武汉大学 | Full digital type vickers hardness scale capable of converting dial of experimental result |
| CN101377457A (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-04 | 上海电气集团上海电机厂有限公司 | Method for measuring brinell hardness |
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| CN102998193A (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-27 | 株式会社三丰 | Hardness tester and hardness test method |
| US9146185B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2015-09-29 | Mitutoyo Corporation | Hardness tester and hardness test method |
| US9003871B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2015-04-14 | Mitutoyo Corporation | Hardness tester and hardness test method |
| CN103123313A (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2013-05-29 | 株式会社三丰 | Hardness tester and hardness test method |
| CN103123313B (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2015-10-07 | 株式会社三丰 | Sclerometer and hardness measuring method |
| CN104075954A (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-01 | 株式会社三丰 | Hardness tester and hardness test method |
| CN104422628A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-18 | 北京时代之峰科技有限公司 | Indentation image identification method and system based on Vickers hardness |
| CN104422628B (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2017-05-24 | 北京时代之峰科技有限公司 | Indentation image identification method and system based on Vickers hardness |
| CN103900920A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-02 | 国家电网公司 | Cylindrical workpiece Brinell hardness number acquiring method |
| CN110108584A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-09 | 天津大学 | A kind of apparatus and method of automatic detection ceramic tile hardness |
| CN110108584B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2021-09-17 | 天津大学 | Device and method for automatically detecting hardness of ceramic tile |
| CN111998785A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-27 | 福建华佳彩有限公司 | Step gauge for detecting film thickness of thin film and calculation method |
| CN112147016A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-29 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Image analysis method for metal material hardness measurement |
| CN112945704A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-11 | 八都机械锻造(苏州)有限公司 | Brinell hardness online detection system for intelligent factory |
| CN113996554A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Unattended system and method for hardometer |
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