CN110108206B - A system and method for building scrap steel rating database - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a scrap steel rating warehouse building system and method. The system includes a scrap steel rating unit and a scrap steel warehouse building unit; the scrap steel rating unit includes a single beam crane A, a spreader, a steel unloading pit, a slide rail, a pulley and a mechanical arm; Warehouse building unit includes single girder crane B, electromagnetic suction cup, stockyard, steel storage tank, floor scale and computer; scrap steel grading and library building methods include scrap steel quality measurement, scrap volume measurement, scrap steel composition detection, scrap steel classification into grooves, and establishment of scrap steel varieties and quality database, etc. The invention determines the type of scrap steel through quality acquisition, size estimation and component detection of scrap steel, and then uses steel storage tanks to classify and stack scrap steel, and establishes a scrap steel database for intelligent scrap steel distribution, which can improve the accuracy of scrap steel identification. Reduce the burning loss of alloying elements, improve the yield of scrap steel, improve the quality of steel, and reduce the cost of smelting.

Description

A system and method for building scrap steel rating database

technical field

The invention relates to the classification of scrap steel for steelmaking, in particular to a scrap steel rating building system and a method for using the system for scrap steel rating building.

Background technique

Scrap refers to the iron and steel scraps that cannot become products in the production process of iron and steel plants, as well as the iron and steel materials in equipment and components that are scrapped after use. At present, the total amount of scrap steel produced in the world every year is 300 to 400 million tons, accounting for about 45 to 50% of the total steel output, of which 85 to 90% are used as raw materials for steelmaking. In addition, scrap steel contains a variety of precious alloying elements with extremely high utilization value.

At this stage, the utilization of scrap steel is mainly to add it to traditional steelmaking processes such as electric furnaces and converters, to adjust the composition of the molten scrap, to burn and remove harmful elements and irrelevant elements, so that the finished steel has stable composition and normal performance. . However, due to the lack of classification and reasonable distribution of scrap steel, a large number of beneficial alloying elements in scrap steel are burned and cannot be recovered, which increases the smelting cost and increases the damage to the furnace body.

At present, most steel-making enterprises in my country lack a complete scrap rating system, and usually use manual experience rating for scrap entering the plant. Due to human factors, the rating accuracy is low, which affects the overall economic benefits of the enterprise.

CN107323975A patent document discloses a scrap transportation process, which adopts three steps of sorting and stockpiling scrap, weighing scrap and transporting scrap to complete the transport of the entire scrap. This method does not give how to reasonably and effectively classify scrap steel, and scrap steel classification is the most important part of the whole scrap steel utilization. Only by scientifically classifying scrap steel, can the scrap steel be accurately distributed into the furnace and the quality of steel can be improved.

CN 107290033 A patent document discloses a method for measuring scrap steel. The method automatically completes the scrap steel weighing instruction and sends it to the on-board terminal of the vehicle. The operator performs the feeding operation according to the real-time display of various types of scrap steel on the on-board terminal, and implements the accurate measurement and classification of the scrap steel. This method only completes the database construction by monitoring the quality of scrap steel in real time, and does not classify the composition of scrap steel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a scrap steel rating database building system and method to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

The scrap steel rating database building system provided by the present invention includes a scrap steel rating unit and a scrap steel database building unit;

The scrap steel rating unit includes a single-girder crane A, a spreader, a steel unloading pit, a slide rail, a pulley and a mechanical arm; The weighing instrument is composed of a laser profile sensor. The upper end of the weighing instrument is connected to the hook of the single-girder crane A, and the lower end is connected to four grapple hooks. The laser profile sensor is installed on the grapple hooks; Between the unloading position and the unloading pit, the spreader can run back and forth between the parking space of the material truck and the unloading pit; the unloading pit is a circular sinking groove, and the slide rail is located in the unloading pit. Outside the steel pit; the mechanical arm includes a support rod, a hinge, a telescopic rod, an angle grinder and a reflective optical fiber sensor; the support rod and the telescopic rod are connected by a hinge, and the angle grinder and the reflective optical fiber sensor are installed on the telescopic rod. The end, where the reflective optical fiber sensor is directly in front of the angle grinder; the mechanical arm is mounted on the slide rail, and it moves on the slide rail through the pulley at the bottom;

The warehouse building unit includes a single-girder crane B, an electromagnetic chuck, a material yard, a steel storage tank, a floor scale and a computer; the hook of the single-girder crane B is connected to the electromagnetic chuck; the single-girder crane B spans across the Between the steel unloading pit and the material yard, there are several steel storage tanks in the material field. The steel storage tanks are circular semi-underground containers. The scale is connected to the computer.

Preferably, the diameter of the steel unloading pit is 8-10 m, the pit bottom is 0.5 m below the ground, and the pit wall and pit bottom are wrapped with steel plates.

Preferably, the radius of the slide rail is greater than the radius of the unloading pit by 0.5m.

Preferably, the diameter of the steel storage tank is 4-5m, and the bottom of the tank is 0.5m below the ground.

The method for building a scrap steel rating database using the above scrap steel rating database building system includes the steps in the following sequence:

Step 1. Scrap quality measurement

Make the truck park the designated parking space, move the single-girder crane A to the upper part of the truck, the hook of the spreader picks up a whole bundle of scrap steel on the truck, and the weighing instrument transmits the measured data to the processor , to measure the quality of the bundle of scrap;

Step 2. Scrap volume measurement

The laser profile sensor hits a laser line to the surface of the scrap steel, and the laser line and the surface of the scrap steel intersect with a contour line, which is proposed by the CCD original, and the outline size of the scrap steel is obtained through algorithm processing, and the volume of the scrap steel is calculated by the computer;

Step 3. Scrap composition detection

Combined with the mass and volume of scrap steel, the density of scrap steel is calculated, and the range is defined according to the density of heavy waste, light waste and car scrap (respectively ≥ 7.00kg/m ³ , 5.50～7.00kg/m ³ and <5.5kg/m ^{3 )} ) Preliminary classification of the bundle of scrap; then the scrap of the scrap that has been preliminarily sorted is grasped by the hook of the spreader to the center of the unloading chute, so that the support rod of the mechanical arm is driven by the pulley to move on the slide rail, and the hinge starts Rotation, the telescopic spring starts to expand and contract, which drives the angle grinder to randomly cut and grind the scrap steel surface, generating sparks, cutting and grinding once per 0.16m ² of surface area on average. A/D conversion is performed to form a set of data, which is divided into fine intervals by the computer processing system, and the corresponding color is judged according to the light intensity of the flame falling in the divided interval, and compared with the set color comparison card, The type and content of alloying elements contained in the scrap steel are obtained, and the basic composition of the scrap steel is obtained and transmitted to the computer. The computer marks the parameter information of the scrap steel according to the composition type of the scrap steel;

Step 4. Sort the scrap into the slot

Move the single-girder crane B to the upper part of the unloading tank, pick up the scrap with marked parameter information by the electromagnetic suction cup and transport it to a steel storage tank in the stockyard, and bind the steel storage tank with the parameter information of the bundle of scrap steel, The quality data of scrap steel is measured by the scale in the steel storage tank, and the quality data of scrap steel in the steel storage tank is updated and entered into the computer;

Step 5. Establish a database of scrap varieties and quality

Repeat the above steps to grade and classify the next bale of scrap into the slot; after all scraps are graded and classified into the slot one by one, the scrap type and quality database of the entire stockyard is built.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The invention determines the type of scrap steel through quality acquisition, size estimation and component detection of scrap steel, and then uses steel storage tanks to classify and stack scrap steel, and establishes a scrap steel database for intelligent scrap steel distribution, thereby improving the accuracy of scrap steel identification. , reduce the burning loss of alloying elements, improve the yield of scrap steel, improve the quality of steel, and reduce the cost of smelting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the systematic flow chart of the scrap steel rating building system of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and layout of the scrap steel rating database building system of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the spreader in Fig. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the robotic arm in FIG. 2 .

In the picture: 1-Single beam crane A, 2-Sling, 21-Weighing instrument, 22-Grab hook, 23-Laser profile sensor, 3-Unloading pit, 4-Slide rail, 5-Pulley, 6-Mechanical Arm, 61-support rod, 62-hinge, 63-telescopic rod, 64-angle grinder, 65-reflection fiber optic sensor, 7-single beam crane B, 8-material yard, 9-steel tank, 10-ground Scale, 11-computer, 12-electromagnetic chuck.

specific implementation

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.

This embodiment is an example in which a steelmaking plant uses the scrap steel rating and warehouse building system of the present invention to smelt scrap steel in an electric arc furnace.

As shown in Figure 1, the scrap steel rating library system includes a scrap steel rating unit and a scrap steel library building unit. The scrap steel rating unit includes processes such as scrap steel quality measurement, scrap steel volume measurement, and scrap steel composition detection; Processes such as scrap chute receipts and expenditure records and establishment of a stockyard scrap database.

2, the scrap steel rating unit is composed of a single-girder crane A1, a spreader 2, a steel unloading pit 3, a slide rail 4, a pulley 5 and a mechanical arm 6; the hook of the single-beam crane A is connected to the spreader , the spreader, as shown in Figure 3, consists of a grappling hook 22, a weighing instrument 21 and a laser profile sensor 23 (using Tongzhou Xingye TH2-L1600 type), the upper end of the weighing instrument is connected to the hook of the single-girder crane A, The lower end is connected with four grapple hooks 22, and the laser profile sensor 23 is installed on the grapple hooks; the single-girder crane A spans between the parking space of the material truck and the unloading pit, so that the spreader can be placed in the parking space of the material carrier. It runs back and forth with the steel unloading pit; the steel unloading pit is a circular sinking groove, the diameter of the steel unloading pit is 8.5m, the pit bottom is 0.5m below the ground, and the pit wall and the pit bottom are wrapped with steel plates; The sliding rail is located outside the steel unloading pit, and the radius of the sliding rail is 0.5m larger than the radius of the steel unloading pit; the mechanical arm 6 is shown in Figure 4, including a support rod 61, a hinge 62, a telescopic rod 63, an angle grinder The angle grinder and the reflective optical fiber sensor are installed at the end of the telescopic rod, wherein the reflective optical fiber sensor is in front of the angle grinder; the The mechanical arm is installed on the slide rail, and moves on the slide rail through the pulley at the bottom;

The warehouse building unit is composed of a single-beam crane B7, an electromagnetic chuck 12, a material yard 8, a steel storage tank 9, a floor scale 10 and a computer 11; the hook of the single-beam crane B is connected to the electromagnetic chuck; the The single-girder crane B straddles between the unloading pit and the material yard. There are several steel storage tanks in the material field. The steel storage tanks are circular semi-underground containers with a diameter of 4.2m. The bottom of the steel tank is 0.5m lower than the ground, the bottom of the steel storage tank is provided with the floor scale, and the floor scale is connected with the computer.

The steel mill uses the above-mentioned scrap steel rating warehouse construction system to conduct scrap steel electric arc furnace smelting, which is carried out according to the following steps:

Step 1. The scrap steel purchased from the outside is transported to the designated parking space by the material carrier, and the single-girder crane A is moved to the upper part of the material carrier. A bundle of scrap steel is picked up by the grapple hook of the spreader. The data measured by the weighing instrument is 3.923t. The laser profile sensor performs laser line scanning on the bundle of scrap steel, and the estimated volume is 0.56m ³ . The processor calculates The density of the scrap can be obtained as 7.01kg/m ³ , according to the density definitions of heavy waste, light waste and car scraps, the ranges are ≥7.00kg/m ³ , 5.50～7.00kg/m ³ and <5.5kg/m ³ , respectively. The bale of scrap can be classified as heavy scrap.

Step 2. The hook of the spreader takes the heavy waste to the center of the steel unloading groove, and the angle grinder and reflective optical fiber sensor on the mechanical arm cut sparks at any position on the heavy waste surface, according to the area of every ^0.16m2 . The scrap surface is cut several times in a regular manner. Through the color analysis of the heavy waste cutting flame by the reflective optical fiber sensor, it is comprehensively obtained that the basic composition of the heavy waste is Fe element as the matrix, and there are alloy elements such as Mn, Cr, Ni, Ti, etc., and the composition information is marked in the heavy waste. superior.

Step 3. The electromagnetic sucker of the single-girder crane B picks up the bundle of heavy waste and transports it to the steel storage tank in the stockyard where the composition has been set. The quality data of the steel storage tank floor scale is updated and transmitted to the computer.

Step 4. Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 to grade and classify the next bundle of scrap steel into the trough; grade and classify all scrap steel bundles into the trough, and finally make multiple scrap steel troughs in the stockyard according to heavy waste, light Scrap and car scraps and other alloying elements (including Mn, Cr, Ni, Ti, Si, Mo, V, Nb, Al and B, etc.) contained in scrap steel are classified, and a more detailed classification including the type, composition and quality of scrap steel is established. database.

Use this scrap database to smelt scrap in an electric arc furnace, and follow the steps below:

1. Calculation of ingredients: According to the requirements for the composition of molten steel for tapping, the calculation of ingredients into the furnace is carried out;

2. Intelligent reclaiming: input the batching requirements into the scrap steel database, and the computer mobilizes the moving truck to fetch the corresponding scrap steel in the scrap steel tank;

3. Reasonable cloth: first heavy waste, then light waste and car scraps, to achieve dense bottom and loose top of the cloth in the furnace.

The comparison results of the process parameters of smelting using the scrap steel rating building system and using traditional scrap unclassified smelting are shown in the following table:

It can be seen from the data in the table that the smelting system using the scrap steel rating and database construction system of the present invention can reduce the smelting cost per ton of steel by 31 yuan compared with the unclassified smelting of traditional scrap steel, increase the hit rate of end-point components by 12.3%, reduce the smelting cycle by 9 minutes, and reduce the scrap yield. The yield is increased by 4.4%, the yield of alloy elements is increased by 11.6%, and the technical and economic benefits are obvious.

Claims (5)

1. A scrap steel rating building system, comprising a scrap steel rating unit and a scrap steel building library unit; it is characterized in that: The scrap steel rating unit includes a single beam crane A (1), a spreader (2), a steel unloading pit (3), a slide rail (4), a pulley (5) and a mechanical arm (6); the single beam crane A The hook is connected to the spreader, and the spreader is composed of a grappling hook (22), a weighing instrument (21) and a laser profile sensor (23). The upper end of the weighing instrument is connected to the hook of the single-girder crane A, and the lower end Four grapple hooks are connected, and laser profile sensors are installed on the grapple hooks; the single-girder crane A straddles between the parking space of the material truck and the unloading pit, so that the spreader can unload the steel in the parking space of the material truck and unload the steel. Reciprocating operation between pits; the steel unloading pit is a circular sinking groove, and the slide rail is located outside the steel unloading pit; the mechanical arm (6) includes a support rod (61), a hinge (62), A telescopic rod (63), an angle grinder (64) and a reflective optical fiber sensor (65); the support rod and the telescopic rod are connected by a hinge, and the angle grinder and the reflective optical fiber sensor are installed at the end of the telescopic rod, wherein the reflective optical fiber sensor The optical fiber sensor is in front of the angle grinder, which is used to perform A/D conversion on the light intensity from the sparks generated by random cutting and grinding on the surface of the scrap steel by the angle grinder, so as to obtain the type and content of alloying elements contained in the scrap steel; The mechanical arm is mounted on the slide rail, and is moved on the slide rail by the pulley at the bottom; The warehouse building unit includes a single-girder crane B (7), an electromagnetic chuck (12), a material yard (8), a steel storage tank (9), a floor scale (10) and a computer (11); the single-beam crane B The hook is connected with the electromagnetic chuck; the single-girder crane B straddles between the unloading pit and the material yard, and there are several steel storage tanks in the material field, and the steel storage tank is circular The bottom of the steel storage tank is provided with the floor scale, and the floor scale is connected with the computer. 2. The scrap steel rating building system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the steel unloading pit (3) is 8-10 m, the pit bottom is 0.5 m below the ground, and the pit wall and pit bottom are wrapped with steel plates . 3. The scrap steel rating and library building system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the radius of the slide rail (4) is greater than the radius of the unloading pit by 0.5m. 4. The scrap steel rating building system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the steel storage tank (9) is 4-5m, and the bottom of the tank is 0.5m lower than the ground. 5. use the described scrap steel rating building database system of claim 1 to carry out the method for scrap steel rating building database, comprising the steps of the following sequence: Step 1. Scrap quality measurement Make the truck park the designated parking space, move the single-girder crane A to the upper part of the truck, the hook of the spreader picks up a whole bundle of scrap steel on the truck, and the weighing instrument transmits the measured data to the processor , to measure the quality of the bundle of scrap; Step 2. Scrap volume measurement The laser profile sensor shoots a laser line to the surface of the scrap steel, and the laser line and the surface of the scrap steel intersect with a contour line, which is proposed by the CCD element, and the outline size of the scrap steel is obtained through algorithm processing, and the volume of the scrap steel is calculated by the computer; Step 3. Scrap composition detection Combined with the mass and volume of scrap, the density of scrap is calculated, and the bundle of scrap is preliminarily classified according to the density definition range of heavy waste, light waste and car scrap; then the scrap that has completed the preliminary classification will be grasped by the grapple hook of the spreader. To the center of the unloading chute, the support rod of the mechanical arm is driven by the pulley to move on the slide rail, the hinge starts to rotate, and the telescopic spring of the telescopic rod starts to expand, which drives the angle grinder to randomly cut and grind the scrap steel surface, resulting in The spark is cut and polished once per 0.16m ² surface area on average. The reflective optical fiber sensor located in front of the spark performs A/D conversion on the light intensity transmitted by the spark to form a set of data, which is divided into fine intervals by the computer processing system. The light intensity falls within the divided range to judge its corresponding color, and compare it with the set color comparison card to obtain the type and content of alloying elements contained in the scrap, thereby obtaining the basic composition of the bundle of scrap and transferring it to the into the computer, the computer will mark the parameter information of the scrap steel according to the composition of the scrap; Step 4. Sort the scrap into the slot Move the single-girder crane B to the upper part of the unloading tank, pick up the scrap with marked parameter information by the electromagnetic suction cup and transport it to a steel storage tank in the stockyard, and bind the steel storage tank with the parameter information of the bundle of scrap steel, The quality data of scrap steel is measured by the scale in the steel storage tank, and the quality data of scrap steel in the steel storage tank is updated and entered into the computer; Step 5. Establish a database of scrap varieties and quality Repeat the above steps to grade and classify the next bale of scrap into the slot; after all scraps are graded and classified into the slot one by one, the scrap type and quality database of the entire stockyard is built.

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