CN110108206B - Scrap steel grading and database building system and method - Google Patents
Scrap steel grading and database building system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110108206B CN110108206B CN201910405037.5A CN201910405037A CN110108206B CN 110108206 B CN110108206 B CN 110108206B CN 201910405037 A CN201910405037 A CN 201910405037A CN 110108206 B CN110108206 B CN 110108206B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/16—Applications of indicating, registering, or weighing devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/70—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light mechanically excited, e.g. triboluminescence
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Abstract
The invention discloses a scrap steel grading and warehouse building system and a method, wherein the system comprises a scrap steel grading unit and a scrap steel warehouse building unit; the scrap steel grading unit comprises a single-beam crane A, a lifting appliance, a steel unloading pit, a sliding rail, a pulley and a mechanical arm; the warehouse building unit comprises a single-beam crane B, an electromagnetic chuck, a stock ground, a steel storage tank, a ground scale and a computer; the method for building the scrap steel grading database comprises the steps of scrap steel quality measurement, scrap steel volume measurement, scrap steel component detection, scrap steel classification groove entering, scrap steel variety and quality database building and the like. According to the method, the variety of the scrap steel is judged through the quality acquisition, the size estimation and the component detection of the scrap steel, then the scrap steel is classified and stacked by adopting the steel storage tank, and the scrap steel database is established for intelligent scrap steel distribution, so that the accuracy of scrap steel identification can be improved, the burning loss of alloy elements can be reduced, the yield of the scrap steel can be improved, the quality of steel can be improved, and the smelting cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to classification of steel-making waste steel, in particular to a waste steel grading and database building system and a method for grading and database building of waste steel by using the same.
Background
The scrap steel refers to steel scrap which cannot become products in the production process of steel plants, and steel materials in equipment and components which are scrapped after use. The total amount of scrap steel generated in the world every year is 3-4 hundred million tons at present, which accounts for 45-50% of the total steel production, wherein 85-90% of the total steel production is used as a steelmaking raw material. In addition, the scrap steel contains a plurality of precious alloy elements, and the utilization value is extremely high.
At present, the utilization mode of the scrap steel is mainly added into the traditional steelmaking processes of an electric furnace, a converter and the like, the components of the molten scrap steel are regulated, and harmful elements and irrelevant elements are burnt and removed, so that the components of the finished steel product are stable and the performance is normal. However, as the waste steel is not classified and reasonably distributed, a large amount of beneficial alloy elements in the waste steel are burnt and cannot be recycled, so that the smelting cost is increased, and the damage of a furnace body is increased.
At present, most of steel-making enterprises in China lack a perfect scrap steel rating system, generally, the scrap steel entering a factory is subjected to experience rating by manpower, the influence of human factors is caused, the rating accuracy is low, and the overall economic benefit of the enterprises is influenced.
The patent document CN107323975A discloses a scrap steel transportation process, which adopts three steps of sorting, stacking, weighing and transporting scrap steel to complete the transportation of the whole scrap steel. The method does not give out how to reasonably and effectively classify the steel scraps, the classification of the steel scraps is the most important part of the whole steel scrap utilization, and the material distribution and the charging of the steel scraps can be accurately carried out only by scientifically classifying the steel scraps, so that the quality of steel products is improved.
The patent document CN 107290033 a discloses a method for measuring scrap steel. According to the method, a scrap steel weighing instruction is automatically completed and sent to a vehicle-mounted terminal of a traveling crane, and an operator carries out feeding operation according to various scrap steel conditions displayed by the vehicle-mounted terminal in real time, so that the precise metering and classification of the scrap steel are realized. The method completes the library construction only by monitoring the quality of the steel scrap in real time, and does not classify the components of the steel scrap.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a scrap steel rating and database building system and a method, which aim to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The invention provides a scrap steel grading and warehousing system which comprises a scrap steel grading unit and a scrap steel warehousing unit;
the scrap steel grading unit comprises a single-beam crane A, a lifting appliance, a steel unloading pit, a sliding rail, a pulley and a mechanical arm; the lifting hook of the single-beam crane A is connected with the lifting appliance, the lifting appliance consists of a grapple, a weighing instrument and a laser profile sensor, the upper end of the weighing instrument is connected with the lifting hook of the single-beam crane A, the lower end of the weighing instrument is connected with four grapples, and the laser profile sensor is arranged on the grapple; the single-beam crane A spans between the material conveying vehicle parking space and the steel unloading pit, so that the lifting appliance can move back and forth between the material conveying vehicle parking space and the steel unloading pit; the steel unloading pit is a circular sunken groove pit, and the slide rail is positioned outside the steel unloading pit; the mechanical arm comprises a support rod, a hinge, a telescopic rod, an angle grinder and a reflective optical fiber sensor; the supporting rod is connected with the telescopic rod through a hinge, the angle grinder and the reflective optical fiber sensor are installed at the tail end of the telescopic rod, and the reflective optical fiber sensor is arranged right in front of the angle grinder; the mechanical arm is arranged on the sliding rail and moves on the sliding rail through the pulley at the bottom;
the warehouse building unit comprises a single-beam crane B, an electromagnetic chuck, a stock ground, a steel storage tank, a ground scale and a computer; the lifting hook of the single-beam crane B is connected with the electromagnetic chuck; the single-beam crane B stretches across between the steel unloading pit and the stock ground, a plurality of steel storage grooves are formed in the stock ground, each steel storage groove is a circular semi-underground container, the bottom of each steel storage groove is provided with the ground scale, and the ground scales are connected with a computer.
Preferably, the diameter of the steel unloading pit is 8-10 m, the bottom of the steel unloading pit is 0.5m lower than the ground, and the wall and the bottom of the steel unloading pit are wrapped by steel plates.
Preferably, the radius of the slide rail is 0.5m larger than that of the steel unloading pit.
Preferably, the diameter of the steel storage tank is 4-5 m, and the bottom of the tank is 0.5m lower than the ground.
The method for carrying out the scrap steel rating database building by utilizing the scrap steel rating database building system comprises the following steps in sequence:
The method comprises the following steps that a material transporting vehicle is parked at a specified parking position, a single-beam crane A is moved to the upper portion of the material transporting vehicle, a grab hook of a lifting appliance grabs a whole bundle of waste steel on the material transporting vehicle, a weighing instrument transmits measured data into a processor, and the mass of the bundle of waste steel is measured;
The laser contour sensor shoots a laser line to the surface of the scrap steel, the laser line and the surface of the scrap steel are intersected into a contour line, the contour line is extracted by a CCD (charge coupled device) original piece, the contour size of the scrap steel is obtained through algorithm processing, and the volume of the bundle of the scrap steel is calculated by a computer;
Calculating to obtain the density of the scrap steel by combining the mass and the volume of the scrap steel, and defining the range (respectively more than or equal to 7.00 kg/m) according to the density of heavy scrap, light scrap and vehicle scrap3、5.50～7.00kg/m3And < 5.5kg/m3) Preliminarily classifying the bundle of scrap steel; then the steel scrap bundle which is preliminarily classified is held to the center of a steel unloading groove by a grapple of a lifting appliance, a support rod of a mechanical arm moves on a slide rail under the driving of a pulley, a hinge starts to rotate, a telescopic spring starts to stretch, an angle grinder is driven to randomly cut and polish a plurality of positions on the surface of the steel scrap to generate sparks, and the average diameter of each 0.16m2The surface area is cut and polished once, the reflection type optical fiber sensor positioned right in front carries out A/D conversion on the light intensity transmitted by flame to form a group of data, and the data are processed by a computerThe system carries out fine interval division, judges the corresponding color according to the light intensity of the flame within the divided interval range, and compares the color with a set color comparison card to obtain the types and the contents of alloy elements contained in the steel scrap, thereby obtaining the basic components of the bundle of steel scrap and transmitting the basic components into a computer, and the computer carries out parameter information labeling on the bundle of steel scrap according to the types of the components of the bundle of steel scrap;
step 4, classifying the scrap steel into slots
Moving a single-beam crane B to the upper part of a steel unloading groove, carrying out holding on the steel scrap marked with the parameter information by an electromagnetic chuck, conveying the steel scrap to a steel storage groove in a stock yard, binding the steel storage groove with the parameter information of the bundle of steel scrap, measuring the mass data of the steel scrap by a weighbridge in the steel storage groove, updating the steel scrap mass data of the steel storage groove, and recording the data into a computer;
Repeating the steps, and grading and classifying the next bundle of scrap steel to enter the groove; and (4) grading and classifying all the scrap steel bundles and entering the groove to build a scrap steel variety and quality database of the whole stock ground.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the variety of the scrap steel is judged through the quality acquisition, the size estimation and the component detection of the scrap steel, then the scrap steel is stacked in a classified manner by adopting the steel storage tank, and the scrap steel database is established for intelligent scrap steel distribution, so that the accuracy of scrap steel identification can be improved, the burning loss of alloy elements is reduced, the yield of the scrap steel is improved, the quality of steel is improved, and the smelting cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a system for building a steel scrap rating library according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and layout of the steel scrap rating and warehousing system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the spreader of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the robot arm of fig. 2.
In the figure: 1-single beam crane A, 2-lifting appliance, 21-weighing instrument, 22-grapple, 23-laser profile sensor, 3-steel unloading pit, 4-slide rail, 5-pulley, 6-mechanical arm, 61-supporting rod, 62-hinge, 63-telescopic rod, 64-angle grinder, 65-reflective optical fiber sensor, 7-single beam crane B, 8-stock ground, 9-steel storage tank, 10-ground scale, 11-computer, 12-electromagnetic chuck.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
This example is an example of a steel plant smelting a scrap steel electric arc furnace using the scrap steel rating and banking system of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the scrap steel rating and library building system comprises a scrap steel rating unit and a scrap steel library building unit, wherein the scrap steel rating unit comprises the processes of scrap steel quality measurement, scrap steel volume measurement, scrap steel component detection and the like; the scrap steel warehouse building unit comprises processes of scrap steel classification entering, scrap steel groove collection and payment recording, scrap steel database building in a stock yard and the like.
With reference to fig. 2, the scrap steel rating unit is composed of a single-beam crane a1, a spreader 2, a steel unloading pit 3, a slide rail 4, a pulley 5 and a mechanical arm 6; the lifting hook of the single-beam crane A is connected with the lifting appliance, the lifting appliance is composed of a grapple 22, a weighing instrument 21 and a laser profile sensor 23 (adopting the same Zhouxin industry TH2-L1600 type) as shown in fig. 3, the upper end of the weighing instrument is connected with the lifting hook of the single-beam crane A, the lower end of the weighing instrument is connected with four grapples 22, and the laser profile sensor 23 is arranged on the grapples; the single-beam crane A spans between the material conveying vehicle parking space and the steel unloading pit, so that the lifting appliance can move back and forth between the material conveying vehicle parking space and the steel unloading pit; the steel unloading pit is a circular sunken groove pit, the diameter of the steel unloading pit is 8.5m, the bottom of the pit is 0.5m lower than the ground, and the wall and the bottom of the pit are wrapped by steel plates; the sliding rail is positioned outside the steel unloading pit, and the radius of the sliding rail is greater than the radius of the steel unloading pit by 0.5 m; the mechanical arm 6 is shown in fig. 4 and comprises a support rod 61, a hinge 62, a telescopic rod 63, an angle grinder 64 and a reflective optical fiber sensor 65; the supporting rod is connected with the telescopic rod through a hinge, the angle grinder and the reflective optical fiber sensor are installed at the tail end of the telescopic rod, and the reflective optical fiber sensor is arranged right in front of the angle grinder; the mechanical arm is arranged on the sliding rail and moves on the sliding rail through the pulley at the bottom;
the warehouse building unit consists of a single-beam crane B7, an electromagnetic chuck 12, a stock ground 8, a steel storage tank 9, a ground scale 10 and a computer 11; the lifting hook of the single-beam crane B is connected with the electromagnetic chuck; the single-beam crane B stretches across between the steel unloading pit and the stock ground, a plurality of steel storage grooves are formed in the stock ground, each steel storage groove is a circular semi-underground container, the diameter of each steel storage groove is 4.2m, the bottom of each steel storage groove is lower than the ground by 0.5m, the bottom of each steel storage groove is provided with the ground scale, and the ground scales are connected with the computer.
The steel mill utilizes the scrap steel grading warehouse building system to smelt the scrap steel by the electric arc furnace, and the smelting process comprises the following steps:
And 3, lifting the bundle of heavy waste by an electromagnetic chuck of the single-beam crane B, conveying the bundle of heavy waste to a steel storage tank with the set components in the stock ground, updating the mass data of the steel storage tank ground scale, and transmitting the mass data to the computer.
Step 4, repeating the steps 1, 2 and 3, and grading and classifying the next bundle of scrap steel to enter the groove; grading and classifying all the steel scraps one by one to enter the steel scraps, finally classifying a plurality of steel scrap grooves in a stock ground according to the varieties of heavy waste, light waste, vehicle scraps and the like and alloy elements (including Mn, Cr, Ni, Ti, Si, Mo, V, Nb, Al, B and the like) contained in the steel scraps, and establishing a more refined database comprising the types, components and quality of the steel scraps.
The scrap steel database is used for scrap steel electric arc furnace smelting, and the operation is carried out according to the following steps:
1. and (3) ingredient calculation: according to the requirements for the components of the tapped molten steel, calculating the ingredients of the steel entering the furnace;
2. intelligently taking materials: inputting the batching requirements into a scrap steel database, and transferring corresponding scrap steel in a scrap steel tank by a material transporting vehicle under the action of a computer;
3. reasonable material distribution: the heavy waste is firstly carried out, then the light waste and the vehicle scraps are carried out, and the purposes of compact lower cloth and loose upper cloth in the furnace are achieved.
The comparison result of the process parameters of smelting by adopting a scrap steel grading and warehouse building system and the process parameters of the traditional scrap steel unclassified smelting is shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the data in the table, compared with the conventional non-classified smelting of the scrap steel, the smelting cost of each ton of steel can be reduced by 31 yuan by adopting the scrap steel grading and warehousing system disclosed by the invention, the hit rate of end point components can be improved by 12.3%, the smelting period is reduced by 9min, the yield of the scrap steel is improved by 4.4%, the yield of alloy elements is improved by 11.6%, and the technical and economic benefits are obvious.
Claims (5)
1. A scrap steel grading and library building system comprises a scrap steel grading unit and a scrap steel library building unit; the method is characterized in that:
the scrap steel grading unit comprises a single-beam crane A (1), a lifting appliance (2), a steel unloading pit (3), a sliding rail (4), a pulley (5) and a mechanical arm (6); the lifting hook of the single-beam crane A is connected with the lifting appliance, the lifting appliance consists of a grapple (22), a weighing instrument (21) and a laser profile sensor (23), the upper end of the weighing instrument is connected with the lifting hook of the single-beam crane A, the lower end of the weighing instrument is connected with four grapples, and the laser profile sensor is arranged on the grapple; the single-beam crane A spans between the material conveying vehicle parking space and the steel unloading pit, so that the lifting appliance can move back and forth between the material conveying vehicle parking space and the steel unloading pit; the steel unloading pit is a circular sunken groove pit, and the slide rail is positioned outside the steel unloading pit; the mechanical arm (6) comprises a support rod (61), a hinge (62), a telescopic rod (63), an angle grinder (64) and a reflective optical fiber sensor (65); the supporting rod is connected with the telescopic rod through a hinge, the angle grinder and the reflective optical fiber sensor are installed at the tail end of the telescopic rod, and the reflective optical fiber sensor is arranged right in front of the angle grinder and used for carrying out A/D conversion on light intensity transmitted by sparks generated by the angle grinder in the process of randomly cutting and grinding a plurality of positions on the surface of the waste steel to obtain the types and the content of alloy elements contained in the waste steel; the mechanical arm is arranged on the sliding rail and moves on the sliding rail through the pulley at the bottom;
the warehouse building unit comprises a single-beam crane B (7), an electromagnetic chuck (12), a stock ground (8), a steel storage tank (9), a ground scale (10) and a computer (11); the lifting hook of the single-beam crane B is connected with the electromagnetic chuck; the single-beam crane B stretches across between the steel unloading pit and the stock ground, a plurality of steel storage grooves are formed in the stock ground, each steel storage groove is a circular semi-underground container, the bottom of each steel storage groove is provided with the ground scale, and the ground scales are connected with a computer.
2. The scrap steel rating warehousing system according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the steel unloading pit (3) is 8-10 m, the bottom of the pit is 0.5m lower than the ground, and the wall and the bottom of the pit are wrapped by steel plates.
3. The scrap steel rating warehousing system according to claim 1, wherein: the radius of the slide rail (4) is larger than the radius of the steel unloading pit by 0.5 m.
4. The scrap steel rating warehousing system according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the steel storage groove (9) is 4-5 m, and the bottom of the groove is 0.5m lower than the ground.
5. A method of conducting a scrap grade warehousing using the scrap grade warehousing system of claim 1, comprising the steps of, in order:
step 1, measuring the quality of the scrap steel
The method comprises the following steps that a material transporting vehicle is parked at a specified parking position, a single-beam crane A is moved to the upper portion of the material transporting vehicle, a grab hook of a lifting appliance grabs a whole bundle of waste steel on the material transporting vehicle, a weighing instrument transmits measured data into a processor, and the mass of the bundle of waste steel is measured;
step 2, volume measurement of scrap steel
The laser contour sensor shoots a laser line to the surface of the scrap steel, the laser line and the surface of the scrap steel are intersected into a contour line, the contour line is extracted by a CCD (charge coupled device) element, the contour size of the scrap steel is obtained through algorithm processing, and the volume of the bundle of the scrap steel is calculated by a computer;
step 3, detecting the components of the scrap steel
Calculating to obtain the density of the steel scrap according to the mass and the volume of the steel scrap, and preliminarily classifying the bundle of steel scrap according to the density definition range of heavy waste, light waste and vehicle scraps; then the steel scrap bundle which is preliminarily classified is held to the center of a steel unloading groove by a grapple of a lifting appliance, a support rod of a mechanical arm moves on a slide rail under the driving of a pulley, a hinge starts to rotate, a telescopic spring of a telescopic rod starts to stretch, an angle grinder is driven to randomly cut and polish a plurality of positions on the surface of the steel scrap to generate sparks, and the average diameter is 0.16m per square meter2The surface area of the steel is cut and polished once, a reflection type optical fiber sensor positioned right in front carries out A/D conversion on light intensity transmitted by sparks to form a group of data, a computer processing system is used for carrying out fine interval division, corresponding colors of the sparks are judged according to the light intensity of the sparks falling in the divided interval range, and the colors are compared with a set color comparison card to obtain the types and the contents of alloy elements contained in the steel scrap, so that basic components of the steel scrap bundle are obtained and transmitted into a computer, and the computer carries out parameter information labeling on the steel scrap bundle according to the component types of the steel scrap bundle;
step 4, classifying the scrap steel into slots
Moving a single-beam crane B to the upper part of a steel unloading groove, carrying out holding on the steel scrap marked with the parameter information by an electromagnetic chuck, conveying the steel scrap to a steel storage groove in a stock yard, binding the steel storage groove with the parameter information of the bundle of steel scrap, measuring the mass data of the steel scrap by a weighbridge in the steel storage groove, updating the steel scrap mass data of the steel storage groove, and recording the data into a computer;
step 5, establishing a scrap steel variety and quality database
Repeating the steps, and grading and classifying the next bundle of scrap steel to enter the groove; and (4) grading and classifying all the scrap steel bundles and entering the groove to build a scrap steel variety and quality database of the whole stock ground.
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| CN113516637B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-02-15 | 深圳市小绿人网络信息技术有限公司 | Method and device for automatically identifying steel scrap types based on images |
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