CN110106413B - Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110106413B CN110106413B CN201910312727.6A CN201910312727A CN110106413B CN 110106413 B CN110106413 B CN 110106413B CN 201910312727 A CN201910312727 A CN 201910312727A CN 110106413 B CN110106413 B CN 110106413B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Mg‑Si‑Ca‑Zn系镁合金及其制备方法与应用。本发明镁合金中包括Mg‑Si‑Ca‑Zn,所述镁合金中Si的质量百分数为0~1.0%,但不包括0,Ca的质量百分数为0~1.0%,但不包括0,Zn的质量百分数为2.0~3.0%,但不包括0。所述镁合金中还包括微量元素,所述微量元素为锶、锰、磷、锆、锡、铁、铜和稀土元素中的至少一种;所述微量元素的质量百分含量为0~3%,但不包括0。本发明的Mg‑Si‑Ca‑Zn系镁合金的力学强度符合医用植入材料的强度要求,通过调控所加合金元素的含量,可实现对其在体内降解速度的调控。实验结果表明其对成骨细胞无明显毒性,生物相容性良好,减少患者的痛苦,增加术后安全性与舒适度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金及其制备方法与应用,属于医用金属材料领域。
背景技术
传统医用金属材料如不锈钢、钴铬钼合金、钛合金等具有良好的力学性质和耐腐蚀性能,具有重要的社会价值和经济效益。然而,这些植入体在体内的长期存在可能会对周围组织造成不同程度的刺激,并可能由此造成一系列后果。例如,传统金属内固定材料的弹性模量远高于人骨,其长期存在造成“应力遮挡”效应,以致骨折愈合迟缓,甚至诱发二次骨折。对于心血管支架而言,其长期存在可能诱发内膜增生并导致支架内再狭窄的发生,支架的存在也会干扰植入段血管的内皮细胞功能。此外,植入材料发生腐蚀、磨损而导致有害离子溶出,引发人体过敏和炎症反应,严重时甚至导致畸变和诱导癌变。对于幼儿,青少年以及运动员来说,以及在一些植入体引起机体严重不适的情况下,金属植入体一般都需要二次手术取出,二次手术给患者带来经济负担,手术风险以及可能的并发症。因此,医用金属材料在疾病治疗的有效性、精准性和时序性上有待提高。
为了克服传统医用金属植入物带来的问题,近十几年来,研究人员开发了镁及镁合金作为骨科植入物。镁及镁合金作为新兴骨科植入物的最大特点是其可降解性,材料研究工作者将这种材料称为“生物医用可降解镁合金”。“可降解金属是一类可以在体内逐渐降解并伴随着降解产物引起合适的宿主反应,并且可以在帮助组织完成修复之后完全降解的一类金属。”除此之外,可降解镁合金的弹性模量和密度与骨组织相近,有效缓解了二次屏蔽效应。并且镁离子具有诱导新骨生成的能力。但是高纯镁虽然具有良好的生物相容性和成骨性能,但其力学性能较低,限制了其应用。而现有的力学性能良好的工业常用的镁合金中一般都含有铝,锆以及稀土元素,这些元素在体内的释放是否会造成毒性仍然是一个有待明确的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系合金及其制备方法与应用。本发明制备的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系合金具有适宜的力学性能、可调节的腐蚀速率和良好的细胞相容性,可作为医用植入材料。
本发明所提供的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,包括Mg、Si、Ca和Zn;
以重量百分比计,所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金中Si的质量百分数为0~1%,但不包括0;
Ca的质量百分数为0~1%,但不包括0;
Zn的质量百分数为0~3%,但不包括0;
余量为镁。
上述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金中,还包括微量元素,所述微量元素具体选自锶、锰、磷、锆、锡、铁、铜和稀土元素中的至少一种;
所述微量元素的质量百分含量具体为0~3%,但不包括0。
本发明提供的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金具体为下述1)—4)中任一种,为重量百分比:
1)由99.99%的Mg,0.1%~1%的Si,0.1%~1%的Ca,0.1%~3%的Zn组成;
2)由99.9%的Mg,0.1%~1%的Si,0.1%~1%的Ca,0.1%~3%的Zn组成;
3)由99.0%的Mg,0.1%~1%的Si,0.1%~1%的Ca,0.1%~3%的Zn组成。
更具体的,所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金中,Mg、Si、Ca、Zn的质量比可为:
96.8:0.2:1.0:2.0、
97.3:0.2:0.5:2.0、
95.8:0.2:1.0:3.0、
96.3:0.2:0.5:3.0、
96.6:0.4:1.0:2.0、
97.1:0.4:0.5:2.0、
95.6:0.4:1.0:3.0、
96.1:0.4:0.5:3.0。
本发明进一步提供了制备所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金的方法,包括:
将所述Mg、Si、Ca和Zn按照配比混匀后,熔炼,浇注、冷却而得;或者,
将所述Mg、Si、Ca、Zn和微量元素按照配比混匀后,熔炼,浇注、冷却而得。
上述方法中,所述熔炼在CO2和SF6气氛保护下进行;
所述熔炼步骤中,温度为600~850℃;具体为750℃;保温时间为15-20min;
所述浇注步骤中,温度具体为250℃;
所述冷却步骤中,冷却方式为随炉冷却;冷却的终温为室温。
所述方法还包括对所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系合金进行机械加工的步骤;
所述机械加工具体为挤压、轧制、锻造和快速凝固中至少一种。
具体的,所述挤压中,温度为150~320℃;具体为300℃;铸锭挤压前保温时间为0.5~24h;具体为2-4h;保温温度为250-300℃;具体为280℃;挤压比为10~70;具体为36;挤压速度为0.1~10mm/s;具体为1mm/s;挤压方式为径向挤压;
所述轧制包括:依次进行粗轧、中轧和精轧;所述粗轧在200~500℃下进行,道次压下量为10~15%;所述中轧在350~450℃下进行,道次压下量为30~60%;所述精轧在150~250℃下进行,道次压下量5~10%;
所述锻造包括:将所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金在250~500℃下保温3~50小时,然后在200~400℃范围内锻造,锻造速率为350~500mm/s,锻造率为10%~50%;
所述快速凝固包括:在惰性气氛保护下,采用高真空快淬系统制备快速凝固薄带,再破碎成粉末状热压;所述热压具体为在150~350℃真空热压1~24h。
所述高真空快淬系统的设置如下:加料量2~8g、感应加热功率为3~7kW、喷嘴与辊间距为0.80mm、喷射压力为0.05~0.2MPa、辊轮转速为500~3000r/min及喷嘴狭缝尺寸为1mm×8mm×6mm。
所述方法还包括将所述镁合金加工成毛细管材的步骤。具体包括如下步骤:(1)将所述镁合金铸锭加热至350~550℃,保温1~10小时,预热棒材挤压模具350~550℃,以10~40的挤压比对铸锭进行挤压,挤压速度0.1~10mm/s,得到直径10mm的棒材;(2)将挤压得到的棒材截取10~50mm加工成管坯,作为挤压毛细管用;(3)将管坯放入分流挤压模具中进行挤压,挤压温度350~550℃,挤压比16~64,挤压模冲头速度20~30cm/s,得到外径尺寸为2~5mm,壁厚0.1~0.5mm,长度300~1000mm的毛细管;(4)将上述毛细管于100~300℃范围内进行0.5~24小时去应力退火处理,得到镁合金毛细管材。
本发明还要求保护Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金在制备可降解医用植入体中的应用。
具体的,所述可降解医用植入体为如下1)-4)中任一种:
1)可降解支架;所述可降解支架具体选自血管支架、食道支架、肠道支架、气管支架、胆道支架、尿道支架和前列腺支架中的至少一种;
2)可降解骨科用植入物;所述可降解骨科植入物具体选自骨板、骨钉、骨棒、脊柱内固定器材、结扎丝、聚髌器、骨蜡、骨修复材料、骨组织修复支架、髓内针和接骨套中的至少一种;
3)可降解缝合材料;所述可降解缝合材料具体选自可吸收缝合线、皮肤缝合钉和医用拉链中的至少一种;
4)齿科材料;所述齿科材料具体选自齿科植入材料、拔髓针、扩大针、根管锉和牙齿充填材料中的至少一种。
此外,本发明还要求保护一种可降解医用植入体,其中,该植入体采用前述本发明提供的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金制备得到。
本发明中,所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金具备下述(1)-(3)性能可用于制备可降解医用植入体:
(1)所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金优异的力学性能,包括强度和塑性。
(2)所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金的可降解性。
(3)所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金的细胞相容性。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1)本发明基于Mg-Si,Mg-Si-Ca,Mg-Si-Zn和Mg-Ca-Zn相图,选择合适的成分点,分别加入适当剂量的Si、Ca、Zn到Mg中,按照同样的熔炼制备合金方法和加工处理路径,制得四元Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金,在统一的试验条件下开展模拟体液降解行为、力学性能、细胞毒性等方面的对比性研究,得出了不同配比合金元素的加入对镁合金各项性能的影响规律,实现对Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金作为医用可降解金属的可行性研究。
2)通过模拟体液降解行为,可知不同配比合金元素的加入对Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金的耐蚀性影响各异。总的来说,Mg-0.2Si-0.5Ca-2Zn合金具有较优异的抗腐蚀能力,在模拟体液中降解缓慢。当Ca的含量达到1.0wt%时,腐蚀速率较其他几种合金要快,通过调整Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金中合金元素的含量,可在一定的范围内调节材料的降解速率以适应不同的生理环境。
3)对于Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金的力学行为,总的来看,Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金的延伸率接近20%,Zn的加入对材料延伸率的提高明显,Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金的抗拉强度均在250MPa附近,屈服强度在150MPa到200MPa之间,其中,Mg-0.2Si-(0.5,1)Ca-2Zn以及Mg-0.4Si-1Ca-2Zn的屈服强度较高,可以达到200MPa,Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金的力学性能可以在很宽的范围内进行调整以满足不同的应用场合。
4)除Mg-0.4Si-1Ca-3Zn合金和Mg-0.4Si-0.5Ca-3Zn合金的100%浸提液的细胞活性结果为大于80%以外,Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金的浸提液培养MC3T3-E1细胞1天,3天,5天后的细胞活性都大于90%,这表明Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金具有良好的细胞相容性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中制备得到的挤压态Mg-Si-Ca-Zn镁合金的显微组织照片。
图2为挤压态Mg-Si-Ca-Zn镁合金的Hank’s溶液的pH值随时间的变化图以及失重情况。
图3为挤压态Mg-Si-Ca-Zn镁合金在Hank’s溶液中的电化学腐蚀数据。
图4为挤压态Mg-Si-Ca-Zn镁合金的力学性能。
图5为MC3T3-E1细胞在挤压态Mg-Si-Ca-Zn镁合金的100%浸提液中培养1天、3天,5天的相对存活率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径获得。下述实施例中所用的百分含量,如无特别说明,均为质量百分含量。
实施例1、制备铸态Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金
以纯Mg(99.99wt.%)、纯Si(99.95wt.%)、纯Ca(99.95%)和纯Zn(99.99wt.%)作为原料,按不同的质量比(Mg、Si、Ca、Zn的质量比分别为96.8:0.2:1.0:2.0,97.3:0.2:0.5:2.0,95.8:0.2:1.0:3.0,96.3:0.2:0.5:3.0,96.6:0.4:1.0:2.0,97.1:0.4:0.5:2.0,95.6:0.4:1.0:3.0,96.1:0.4:0.5:3.0)混合,在CO2+SF6气氛保护下,750℃熔炼,待原料充分熔解后,保温20min后,浇注到预热至250℃的石墨模具中制得Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金锭,其中,Mg-0.2Si-1.0Ca-2.0Zn表示Mg、Si、Ca、Zn的质量比分别为96.8:0.2:1.0:2.0。之后以随炉冷却的方式进行冷却至室温。
实施例2、制备挤压态Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金
首先按照实施例1中的步骤制备得到铸态的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,采用挤压的方式制备Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金棒材,采用径向挤压,铸锭挤压前保温4h,保温温度280℃,挤压温度为300℃,挤压比为36,挤压速度1mm/s制备出直径为10mm的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金棒材。
实施例3、Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金显微组织分析:
将实施例1中的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,通过线切割制备φ10×2mm试样,依次经400#、800#、1200#和2000#SiC砂纸系列打磨抛光。在丙酮、无水乙醇和去离子水中分别超声清洗15min后,25℃下干燥。将试样进行X射线衍射分析,并用4%硝酸酒精浸蚀试样5~30s后用去离子水清洗,吹干后,在金相显微镜观察。
图1为Mg-Si-Ca-Zn镁合金的金相,由图可看出,经过挤压处理后,晶粒尺寸显著减小,第二相均匀分布,其中,Mg-0.4Si-0.5Ca-2.0Zn合金以及Mg-0.4Si-0.5Ca-3.0Zn合金的晶粒较其余合金的晶粒较大,且第二相的含量较少。当Ca的含量为1.0wt%时,合金中的第二相较多。
实施例4、Mg-Si-Ca-Zn镁合金力学性能测试:
将经实施例1-2中制备的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,按照ASTM-E8/E8M-09拉伸测试标准制备拉伸样品,车光。在丙酮、无水乙醇和去离子水中分别超声清洗15min后,采用万能材料力学试验机在室温下进行拉伸压缩试验,拉伸速度为0.05mm/mm·min。
Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金各试样的室温力学性能如图4所示。可看到,Mg-Si-Ca-Zn合金的延伸率均可达到20%,抗拉强度达到250MPa,不同成分配比的合金具有不同的屈服强度,可在150MPa到200MPa的范围内随着合金元素含量的不同得到调整。
实施例5、Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金的腐蚀性能测试
将实施例2制备的挤压态Mg-RE系镁合金切割加工成Φ10mm×2mm的片状试样,用800#,1200#,2000#砂纸依次打磨,并用丙酮和乙醇分别超声清洗。然后在37±0.5℃的Hank’s模拟体液(NaCl 8.0g,CaCl2 0.14g,KCl 0.4g,NaHCO3 0.35g,葡萄糖1.0g,MgCl2·6H2O 0.1g,Na2HPO4·2H2O 0.06g,KH2PO4 0.06g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.06g溶解于1L去离子水中)中进行浸泡实验,溶液的体积与试样的表面积之比为20mL/cm2,按时记录溶液的pH值变化,如图2所示。由图2可以看出,在浸泡初期,各组合金的pH值升高速率明显高于后期。总的来看,Mg-0.2Si-0.5Ca-2.0Zn的腐蚀速率显著低于其它Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系合金,是唯一一个整个浸泡过程中pH值始终低于10.0的合金。
在上述浸泡实验进行过程中,分别在浸泡1天、3天、5天、7天、14天后,取出样品,在浓度为200g/L的Cr2O3水溶液中超声清洗去除腐蚀产物。去除腐蚀产物的样品依次在去离子水和无水乙醇中清洗后干燥,称量样品随浸泡时间的失重情况。至少测量3个平行样做统计分析。结果如图2所示。由图可知,Mg-RE系镁合金的失重情况与浸泡实验pH值的测试结果类似,Mg-0.2Si-0.5Ca-2.0Zn具有较优异的抗腐蚀性能。
实施例6、Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系合金的电化学腐蚀行为测试
将实施例2制备的挤压态Mg-RE系镁合金切割加工成Φ10×2mm的片状试样,用800#,1200#,2000#砂纸依次打磨,用丙酮和乙醇依次超声清洗并干燥。以Hank’s模拟体液作为电解液,采用传统的三电极,其中饱和甘汞电极(SCE)作为参比电极,铂片作为辅助电极,测试材料作为工作电极。测试设备为瑞士万通电化学工作站PGSTAT302N。
图3是Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金在Hank’s模拟体液中的腐蚀电流密度、电化学腐蚀速率以及自腐蚀电位。Mg-0.4Si-1.0Ca-2.0Zn合金的腐蚀电流密度和电化学腐蚀速率较小,而其他不同含量配比的合金使得Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金的降解速率可以在一定范围内得以调节。
实施例7、Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金的细胞相容性实验:
按实施例2的方法制备Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,通过线切割制备φ10x1mm试样片,经400#、800#、1200#和2000#SiC砂纸系列打磨抛光。在丙酮、无水乙醇中分别超声清洗15min后,25℃下干燥。通过去离子水对试样进行接触角测试,试样经紫外线消毒灭菌,置于无菌孔板中,按试样表面积与含10%血清和1%双抗(青霉素加链霉素混合溶液)的DMEM细胞培养基按体积之比为1.25cm2/mL的比例加入DMEM细胞培养基,置于37℃、95%相对湿度、5%CO2培养箱中24h,得到Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金浸提液原液,密封,4℃冰箱保存备用。
浸提液与细胞接种培养及结果观察:将MC3T3细胞复苏、传代后,悬浮于DMEM细胞培养基中,接种于96孔培养板上,使最终细胞浓度为2~5×104/mL。阴性对照组加入DMEM细胞培养基,试验组加入不同浓度浸提液(100%浸提液和50%浸提液),置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养1,3,5天后分别取出培养板,在倒置相差显微镜下观察活细胞的形态并通过CCK8试剂盒进行细胞存活率的测试。
细胞毒性的结果图5表明,Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金的100%浸提液在1天,3天,5天都呈现0级毒性结果,即材料的浸提液对MC3T3-E1细胞来说无毒,有一些合金的浸提液甚至还表现为促进细胞的增值,这表明Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金对MC3T3-E1细胞来说具有良好的细胞相容性。
Claims (15)
1.一种Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,由Mg、Si、Ca和Zn组成;
Mg、Si、Ca、Zn的质量比为:96.8:0.2:1.0:2.0;
所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金为按照如下方法制得:
将所述Mg、Si、Ca和Zn按照配比混匀后,熔炼,浇注、冷却而得;
所述方法还包括对所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金进行机械加工的步骤;
所述机械加工为挤压;
所述挤压中,温度为300℃;铸锭挤压前保温时间为2-4h;保温温度为280℃;挤压比为36;挤压速度为1mm/s;挤压方式为径向挤压。
2.根据权利要求1所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,其特征在于:所述熔炼在CO2和SF6气氛保护下进行;
所述熔炼步骤中,温度为600~850℃;保温时间为15-20min;
所述冷却步骤中,冷却方式为随炉冷却;冷却的终温为室温。
3.根据权利要求2所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,其特征在于:所述熔炼步骤中,温度为750℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,其特征在于:所述机械加工还包括轧制和锻造中至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,其特征在于:所述方法还包括将所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金加工成毛细管材的步骤。
6.一种制备权利要求1所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金的方法,包括:
将所述Mg、Si、Ca和Zn按照配比混匀后,熔炼,浇注、冷却而得;
所述方法还包括对所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系合金进行机械加工的步骤;
所述机械加工为挤压;
所述挤压中,温度为300℃;铸锭挤压前保温时间为2-4h;保温温度为280℃;挤压比为36;挤压速度为1mm/s;挤压方式为径向挤压。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于:所述熔炼在CO2和SF6气氛保护下进行;
所述熔炼步骤中,温度为600~850℃;保温时间为15-20min;
所述冷却步骤中,冷却方式为随炉冷却;冷却的终温为室温。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述熔炼步骤中,温度为750℃。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于:所述机械加工还包括轧制和锻造中至少一种。
10.根据权利要求6-9中任一所述的方法,其特征在于:所述方法还包括将所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金加工成毛细管材的步骤。
11.权利要求1-4任一所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,是一种用于制备可降解医用植入体的镁合金。
12.根据权利要求11所述的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,其特征在于:所述可降解医用植入体为如下1)-4)中任一种:
1)可降解支架;
所述可降解支架选自血管支架、食道支架、肠道支架、气管支架、胆道支架、尿道支架和前列腺支架中的至少一种;
2)可降解骨科用植入物;
所述可降解骨科用植入物选自骨板、骨钉、骨棒、脊柱内固定器材、结扎丝、聚髌器、骨蜡、髓内针和接骨套中的至少一种;
3)可降解缝合材料;
所述可降解缝合材料选自皮肤缝合钉和医用拉链中的至少一种;
4)齿科材料;
所述齿科材料选自拔髓针、扩大针、根管锉和牙齿充填材料中的至少一种。
13.权利要求5所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,是一种用于制备可降解医用植入体的镁合金。
14.根据权利要求13所述的Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金,其特征在于:所述可降解医用植入体为可降解支架;所述可降解支架选自血管支架。
15.一种可降解医用植入体,其特征在于:该植入体采用权利要求1-5任一所述Mg-Si-Ca-Zn系镁合金制备得到。
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Application publication date: 20190809 Assignee: Beijing natong Medical Technology Holding Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Peking University Contract record no.: X2023110000020 Denomination of invention: Mg-Si-Ca-Zn magnesium alloy and its preparation method and application Granted publication date: 20210604 License type: Common License Record date: 20230209 |