CN110091570A - 硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法 - Google Patents
硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110091570A CN110091570A CN201910520495.3A CN201910520495A CN110091570A CN 110091570 A CN110091570 A CN 110091570A CN 201910520495 A CN201910520495 A CN 201910520495A CN 110091570 A CN110091570 A CN 110091570A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- melamine
- paper
- magnesium oxysulfide
- leaching
- abrasion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- WRUIXNRVNIMBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=C(N)N=C(N)N=C1N.O=S.[Mg] Chemical compound N1=C(N)N=C(N)N=C1N.O=S.[Mg] WRUIXNRVNIMBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- OLZDXDPSDUSGIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfinylmagnesium Chemical compound [Mg].S=O OLZDXDPSDUSGIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940070527 tourmaline Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052613 tourmaline Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011032 tourmaline Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 magnesium oxysulfide Oxygen magnesium Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007785 strong electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001535 kindling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/06—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard specially treated, e.g. surfaced, parchmentised
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/30—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/028—Paper layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
- E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
- E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
- E04F2290/045—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against fire
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明具体涉及一种硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法。其板材的各原料及其百分比如下:硫氧镁40%、氧化镁12%、氧化铝5%、玻璃纤维布5%、珍珠岩4%、导电瓷土粉3%、导电云母粉3%、立德粉4%、100~200目木粉11%、电气石粉4%、浸三聚氰胺胶的平衡布3%、浸三聚氰胺胶的装饰纸3%、浸三聚氰胺胶的耐磨纸3%。其制作方法步骤如下:1)制得具有细孔结构的硫氧镁基材;2)在硫氧镁基材两面分别平铺浸三聚氰胺胶的平衡布、装饰纸和耐磨纸;3)热压成型。本发明质地轻、表面光滑、硬度高;防火、防潮、耐温差性能好;不含石棉、甲醛及有害放射性元素,遇火无烟、无毒、无异味;抗水性强,无吸潮返卤性;保温效果好,适用范围广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑装饰板材领域,具体涉及一种硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法。
背景技术
目前常用的建筑装饰板材有:细木工板、夹板、刨花板、密度板、水泥纤维板、石膏板、PVC板、木塑板、铝塑板、铝箔板、铝扣板等。上述板材各有优缺点,适用范围小,例如细木工板、夹板、刨花板、密度板防火性能差、甲醛含量高,遇到火源后快速燃烧,并冒出大量的有毒浓烟,一旦着火,就很难及时扑灭;水泥纤维板、石膏板重量较重,防水、防潮效果差;木塑板质地较脆,韧性不够,抗撞击性也不强;铝箔板、铝扣板成本高。为了解决传统建筑装饰板材适用范围小的缺陷,近年来,本领域技术人员研发了建筑用菱镁装饰板,也称玻镁板、菱镁板,其适用范围广、适应性强,具有防火性能卓越、经久耐用、防虫防霉、隔热节能的特点,但是其也存在机械强度低、易吸潮返卤、氯离子对金属腐蚀性大、稳定性差的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术室内装饰板材各有优缺点,适用范围小的缺陷,提供一种硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法,其以玻璃纤维布为增强材料,以轻质材料为填充物复合而成,板材质地轻、表面光滑、硬度高;防火、防潮、耐温差性能好;不含石棉、甲醛及有害放射性元素,遇火无烟、无毒、无异味;抗水性强,无吸潮返卤性,保温效果好,适用范围广。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的:
即一种硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板,其特征在于各原料及其百分比如下:
所述平衡布为天然纤维无纺布。
天然纤维无纺布中的天然纤维为目前现有技术已知的任何一种天然纤维或多种的组合。
本发明的玻璃纤维布为现有技术产品,其绝缘性好、耐侯性强、抗腐蚀性好,机械强度高,其多层应用于硫氧镁基材中,增强强度和耐候性。
本发明克服了传统的技术偏见,将硫氧镁应用到装饰板材中,替换传统的氯化镁,硫氧镁的溶解度比氧化镁小,对湿度的承受能力高,硫氧镁中含有微量游离态强电解质硫氧镁,这种硫氧镁以七水硫酸镁形式存在,不会像氯化镁一样发生潮解,使得板材中不含氯离子,抗水、防潮性能好,不会腐蚀钢材,也不会出现吸潮返卤的现象。
本发明硫氧镁的含量为40%,如低于40%,则强度低,如含量高于40%,则太脆,不利于后续钻孔加工。
本发明的耐磨纸上表面自带透明保护层(膜),其为现有技术产品,优选但不限于选用山东国鑫实业有限公司生产的耐磨纸,其色泽文理清晰逼真,表面平滑,耐热、耐晒、耐磨性能优良。
耐磨纸浸渍三聚氰胺胶时,只在不设透明保护层那一面浸渍三聚氰胺胶。
本发明的装饰纸为现有技术产品,优选但不限于选用山东国鑫实业有限公司生产的装饰纸,其具有良好的遮盖力,浸渍性,表面平滑,有良好吸收性和适应性。
本发明的立德粉作为粘结剂使用,防止板体在后续打孔加工时掉粉。
本发明的珍珠岩不仅降低了板体的重量,还增强了板材的保温性能。
一种硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面负氧离子岩瓷不燃板的制作方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
1)将硫氧镁、氧化镁、氧化铝、珍珠岩、导电瓷土粉、导电云母粉、立德粉、100~200目木粉搅拌均匀,导入磨具,输送到传送带经过拉平使其厚度一致,在上面平铺玻璃纤维布,以上步骤经传送带进行多次重叠加工,进行8H至3天的恒温养护,形成具有细孔结构的硫氧镁基材;
本发明的硫氧镁基材中优选但不限于采用4层玻璃纤维布。
本发明成型的硫氧镁基材为轻质细孔结构板材。
2)将耐磨纸全面浸渍三聚氰胺胶透彻形成浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸,将其平整的放到底层;将装饰纸全面浸渍三聚氰胺胶透彻形成浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸,将浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸平铺到浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸上,将平衡布全面浸渍三聚氰胺胶透彻形成浸三聚氰胺的平衡布,然后在浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸上平铺浸三聚氰胺胶的平衡布,将硫氧镁基材平放在浸三聚氰胺胶的平衡布上,之后在硫氧镁基材上依次平铺浸三聚氰胺的平衡布、浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸和浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸。
3)将铺好的板材输送到热压机上,当热压层温度达到80℃时以每平方英寸1430磅的压力,匀速升温到160℃进行高温压贴,当达到160℃时将温度经160℃冷却匀速降温到80℃,最后将成型的板材取出。
本发明的热压机为现有技术产品,其压板上同时设置油路和水路,升温时,先通热水,再通热油,降温时先通冷油,再通冷却水。本发明优选但不限于使用江苏迪普实业股份有限公司生产的热压机,型号:op-500T。
本发明具有以下优点:
1)本发明的硫氧镁基材及其内部的玻璃纤维布,硫氧镁基材外部的耐磨纸、装饰纸、平衡布均具有良好的阻燃防火性能,使得本发明整体具有良好防火性能,属于不燃板材,火焰持续燃烧时间为零,达到防火不燃级别A1级。
2)本发明的硫氧镁基材及其内部的玻璃纤维布,硫氧镁基材外部的耐磨纸、装饰纸、平衡布均性能稳定,在干冷和潮湿天气,本发明性能始终稳固如一,耐高温40℃—80℃,耐低温-40℃—-60℃,即使放入水中浸泡数日取出自然风干,不会变形、变软,可以正常使用。
3)本发明的硫氧镁基材为轻质板材,密度为0.8-1.2g/cm3,减轻了建筑荷重,使建筑内墙重量降低60%以上,质轻有利于结构抗震。
4)本发明硫氧镁板材内部设有多层玻璃纤维布,硫氧镁基材两侧分别设有平衡布,使得本发明具有木材般的韧性,在抗冲击、抗压、抗拉和抗断性能上表现出色。
5)本发明的板体中不含石棉、甲醛及有害放射性元素,遇火无烟、无毒、无异味;本发明所用材料为天然的矿粉和植物纤维,生产过程自然养护,耗能少,无排污物,节能环保;立德粉作为粘结剂使用,在使用时板面不掉粉,使办公环境更加舒适;硫氧镁基材其独特的自然细孔结构,透气性能好,能够调节室内温度,使居室和办公更加舒适;板材内部设置珍珠岩,保温效果好。
6)本发明抗水性强,无吸潮返卤性;本发明硫氧镁的主要水化产物是517相,而氯氧镁的主要水化产物是518相,517相的溶解度极低,仅有518相溶解度的1/2359,与硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥的主要水化产物水合硅酸钙凝胶与钙矾石的溶解度数据同处于一个非常低的数量级,硫氧镁中含有微量游离态强电解质硫氧镁,这种硫氧镁以七水硫酸镁形式存在,不会像氯化镁一样发生潮解,使得板材中不含氯离子,所以不会腐蚀钢材,也不会出现吸潮返卤的现象。
本发明适用范围广,可以广泛用于交通空间、医疗空间、教育空间、办公空间、商业空间、居家空间等。
附图说明
图1为本发明板材的层结构示意图。
如图中所示:1.浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸;2.浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸;3.浸三聚氰胺的平衡布;4硫氧镁基材;5.浸三聚氰胺的平衡布;6.浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸;7.浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,因此只作为示例,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。需要注意的是,除非另有说明,本申请使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
如图1所示:硫氧镁基材中设有4层玻璃纤维布,硫氧镁基材4的上表面从下向上依次设有浸三聚氰胺的平衡布3、浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸2和浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸1,浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸1的上表面自带透明保护层,硫氧镁基材4的下表面从上向下依次设有浸三聚氰胺的平衡布5、浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸6和浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸7,浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸7的下表面自带透明保护层。
本发明各原料及其百分比为:
所述平衡布为天然纤维无纺布。
本发明的板材制作时,步骤如下:
1)将硫氧镁、氧化镁、氧化铝、珍珠岩、导电瓷土粉、导电云母粉、立德粉、100~200目木粉搅拌均匀,导入磨具,输送到传送带经过拉平使其厚度一致,在上面平铺玻璃纤维布,以上步骤经传送带进行4次重叠加工,进行8H至3天的恒温养护,形成具有细孔结构的轻质硫氧镁基材。
2)将耐磨纸全面浸渍三聚氰胺胶透彻形成浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸,将其平整的放到底层;将装饰纸全面浸渍三聚氰胺胶透彻形成浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸,将浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸平铺到浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸上,将平衡布全面浸渍三聚氰胺胶透彻形成浸三聚氰胺的平衡布,然后在浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸上平铺浸三聚氰胺胶的平衡布,将硫氧镁基材平放在浸三聚氰胺胶的平衡布上,之后在硫氧镁基材上依次平铺浸三聚氰胺的平衡布、浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸和浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸。
3)将铺好的板材输送到热压机上,当热压层温度达到80℃时以每平方英寸1430磅的压力,匀速升温到160℃进行高温压贴,当达到160℃时将温度经160℃冷却匀速降温到80℃,最后将成型的板材取出,升温降温时间均为10min。
使用本发明制得的板体,其质量技术指标如下:
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。
Claims (2)
1.一种硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板,其特征在于各原料及其百分比如下:
所述平衡布为天然纤维无纺布。
2.一种硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板的制作方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
1)将硫氧镁、氧化镁、氧化铝、珍珠岩、导电瓷土粉、导电云母粉、立德粉、100~200目木粉搅拌均匀,导入磨具,输送到传送带经过拉平使其厚度一致,在上面平铺玻璃纤维布,以上步骤经传送带进行多次重叠加工,进行8H至3天的恒温养护,形成具有细孔结构的硫氧镁基材;
2)将耐磨纸全面浸渍三聚氰胺胶透彻形成浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸,将其平整的放到底层;将装饰纸全面浸渍三聚氰胺胶透彻形成浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸,将浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸平铺到浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸上,将平衡布全面浸渍三聚氰胺胶透彻形成浸三聚氰胺的平衡布,然后在浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸上平铺浸三聚氰胺胶的平衡布,将硫氧镁基材平放在浸三聚氰胺胶的平衡布上,之后在硫氧镁基材上依次平铺浸三聚氰胺的平衡布、浸三聚氰胺的装饰纸和浸三聚氰胺的耐磨纸;
3)将铺好的板材输送到热压机上,当热压层温度达到80℃时以每平方英寸1430磅的压力,匀速升温到160℃进行高温压贴,当达到160℃时将温度经160℃冷却匀速降温到80℃,最后将成型的板材取出。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910520495.3A CN110091570A (zh) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | 硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910520495.3A CN110091570A (zh) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | 硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN110091570A true CN110091570A (zh) | 2019-08-06 |
Family
ID=67451033
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910520495.3A Pending CN110091570A (zh) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | 硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN110091570A (zh) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110725496A (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-24 | 张爱文 | 一种新型的多功能建材板 |
CN113072357A (zh) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-06 | 鼎鸣新材料(常州)有限公司 | 基材及使用该基材制备的多层复合a级防火、防水的板材 |
CN113071164A (zh) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-06 | 鼎鸣新材料(常州)有限公司 | 一种建筑装饰板生产工艺及其生产的板材 |
CN113183585A (zh) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-30 | 济南红森林装饰材料有限公司 | 一种建筑墙面装饰板的制作方法 |
CN114351507A (zh) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-04-15 | 安徽韩华建材科技股份有限公司 | 一种硫氧镁板热压三聚氰胺耐磨纸工艺 |
CN116120034A (zh) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-05-16 | 广西兰科资源再生利用有限公司 | 利用铸造固废实现硫氧镁板直贴三胺纸的制板工艺及三胺纸饰面硫氧镁板 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101148934A (zh) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-26 | 张志明 | 一种不燃吸声装饰板及其制作方法 |
CN101666150A (zh) * | 2008-09-01 | 2010-03-10 | 吴根水 | 一种新型强化实木多层地板坯板/坯料及其生产方法 |
CN203373946U (zh) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-01-01 | 张国胜 | 高耐磨防水防火复合地板 |
CN105442790A (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-30 | 扬州市康宇实业有限公司 | 一种镁质无机装饰一体板及其制备方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-06-17 CN CN201910520495.3A patent/CN110091570A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101148934A (zh) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-26 | 张志明 | 一种不燃吸声装饰板及其制作方法 |
CN101666150A (zh) * | 2008-09-01 | 2010-03-10 | 吴根水 | 一种新型强化实木多层地板坯板/坯料及其生产方法 |
CN203373946U (zh) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-01-01 | 张国胜 | 高耐磨防水防火复合地板 |
CN105442790A (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-30 | 扬州市康宇实业有限公司 | 一种镁质无机装饰一体板及其制备方法 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110725496A (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-24 | 张爱文 | 一种新型的多功能建材板 |
CN113072357A (zh) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-06 | 鼎鸣新材料(常州)有限公司 | 基材及使用该基材制备的多层复合a级防火、防水的板材 |
CN113071164A (zh) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-06 | 鼎鸣新材料(常州)有限公司 | 一种建筑装饰板生产工艺及其生产的板材 |
CN113183585A (zh) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-30 | 济南红森林装饰材料有限公司 | 一种建筑墙面装饰板的制作方法 |
CN114351507A (zh) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-04-15 | 安徽韩华建材科技股份有限公司 | 一种硫氧镁板热压三聚氰胺耐磨纸工艺 |
CN116120034A (zh) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-05-16 | 广西兰科资源再生利用有限公司 | 利用铸造固废实现硫氧镁板直贴三胺纸的制板工艺及三胺纸饰面硫氧镁板 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN110091570A (zh) | 硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面无机岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法 | |
CN103723964A (zh) | 一种新型墙体保温材料 | |
CN202017277U (zh) | 一种轻钢别墅的墙体结构 | |
CN103510671B (zh) | 镁质防火复合板 | |
CN104131680A (zh) | 镁制集装箱房屋专用地板及其制造方法 | |
CN206707170U (zh) | 六面防火夹芯保温装饰板 | |
CN105924103B (zh) | 一种改性膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其生产方法 | |
CN107879669A (zh) | 一种硅藻泥建筑保温材料 | |
CN108115798A (zh) | 一种地暖用多层实木复合地板的加工设备及加工方法 | |
CN102001209A (zh) | 一种新型建筑用索洁板及其制造方法 | |
CN110128097A (zh) | 硫氧镁贴木岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法 | |
CN105622158A (zh) | 一种微晶面蜂孔双层再生材料 | |
CN202416764U (zh) | 岩棉保温装饰一体板 | |
KR101229107B1 (ko) | 팽창성 광물과 중성화 산업부산물을 이용한 샌드위치 패널 | |
CN201095842Y (zh) | 带防火夹芯层金属复合板 | |
CN110143802A (zh) | 硫氧镁三聚氰胺纸饰面负氧离子岩瓷不燃板及其制作方法 | |
CN202627225U (zh) | 一种无机轻质外墙保温系统 | |
CN103510670A (zh) | 具有高等级防火耐雨淋特性的轻体水泥保温装饰板 | |
CN208563742U (zh) | 一种保温隔热彩钢岩棉板 | |
CN103362276A (zh) | 增强型复合玻镁板 | |
CN2718097Y (zh) | 一种防火板 | |
CN203271021U (zh) | 一种新型无机环保防火装饰基板 | |
CN105239744A (zh) | 防火隔断层板 | |
CN206034805U (zh) | 一种骨架加强型内墙装饰板 | |
CN205935427U (zh) | 阻燃保温木棉彩釉瓦 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20190806 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |