CN110091054B - Composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and grinding and laser milling - Google Patents
Composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and grinding and laser milling Download PDFInfo
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- CN110091054B CN110091054B CN201910418533.4A CN201910418533A CN110091054B CN 110091054 B CN110091054 B CN 110091054B CN 201910418533 A CN201910418533 A CN 201910418533A CN 110091054 B CN110091054 B CN 110091054B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling, which comprises the following steps: the laser discretization process is used for processing the surface of the workpiece by laser to form a prefabricated micro texture so as to discretize the surface of the workpiece; the efficient milling and grinding process is characterized in that milling and grinding equipment is adopted to roughly process a workpiece subjected to a laser discretization process; and in the laser milling process, the workpiece subjected to the high-efficiency milling process is finely milled by laser. The invention combines laser discretization, high-efficiency milling and laser milling processes, can improve the machinability of materials difficult to machine, realizes high-efficiency high-removal-rate machining, improves the roughness of the machined surface, and can machine in regions according to the characteristics of workpieces; and by multi-process combined machining, the machining efficiency, the machining precision and the machining quality are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material composite processing, in particular to a composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and grinding and laser milling.
Background
The hard and brittle materials which are difficult to process have wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, energy, traffic and the like, and are key functional materials in the field of aerospace, such as ceramic matrix composite materials, silicon carbide ceramics and the like. The application of the material in the field of aero-engines is more and more emphasized, and relevant research and development work is carried out on the aero-engine ceramic matrix composite turbine component in developed countries such as the American and daily countries under government-dominated aero-engine technical promotion plans such as IHPTET, UEET, ESPR and AMG, and breakthrough achievements are obtained. The research of ceramic matrix composite materials of aeroengines in China is late and lacking, at present, the ceramic matrix composite materials are not commercially applied to the aeroengines in China, the field faces a series of challenges of precision forming, surface integrity guarantee, damage control, efficiency improvement and the like, and except for material body upgrading, the application of controllable precision machining technology is a necessary way for realizing functional breakthrough.
At present, researchers mainly adopt the traditional methods of mechanical processing, ultrasonic processing, abrasive water jet, laser processing and the like. Different fiber orientation angles greatly affect a processing and removing mechanism, a hard and brittle difficult-to-process material is processed by adopting machinery, ultrasound, abrasive water jet and the like, cutting force and processing damage can be reduced through process optimization, the quality of a processed surface is improved, but the problems of easy abrasion of a cutter, burrs, fiber extraction, poor consistency and the like exist, and the processing requirements of various special-shaped characteristics or precise fine functional parts are difficult to meet.
Researchers at home and abroad use different types of lasers to carry out a series of research works on laser-assisted processing, composite processing, laser processing and the like of various materials, mainly aiming at processing of geometric characteristics such as holes, grooves (two-dimensional planes/three-dimensional spaces), planes and complex regular structures, and the like, and the laser milling research makes certain progress in the aspects of mechanism, process rules, primary application and the like. By researching a laser milling mechanism and a material removing mechanism and optimizing the process to perform laser milling on hard and brittle materials difficult to machine, the quality of the formed surface can be improved, the processing superiority of the microstructure is remarkable, and the feasibility of three-dimensional complex characteristic processing is realized. At present, the functional structural characteristics of hard and brittle materials difficult to process have difficult processing geometric accuracy and surface integrity to ensure, the materials are easy to damage, and the processing efficiency is low. The following problems exist in this field: the material has high hardness and large brittleness, and when the material is processed by conventional machinery/ultrasonic processing, a cutter is seriously abraded, burrs exist, fibers are easily pulled out, the processing consistency is poor, and the efficiency is difficult to improve; when the laser milling processing quality is high, the processing efficiency is difficult to guarantee, and the processing with large material removal rate is realized, often at the cost of surface quality loss.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide a composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling, so as to achieve precision processing of a workpiece and improve the processing quality of the workpiece surface.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling is disclosed, and the method comprises the following steps:
the laser discretization process is used for processing the surface of the workpiece by laser to form a prefabricated micro texture so as to discretize the surface of the workpiece;
the efficient milling and grinding process is characterized in that milling and grinding equipment is adopted to roughly process a workpiece subjected to a laser discretization process;
and in the laser milling process, the workpiece subjected to the high-efficiency milling process is finely milled by laser.
As a further improvement of the invention, the prefabricated microtexture comprises one or more of a blind hole array, a linear groove array and a curved groove array, and the linear groove array comprises one or more of a transverse linear groove array, a vertical linear groove array and an oblique linear groove array.
As a further improvement of the invention, the milling and grinding equipment comprises one or more of a milling and grinding cutter, vibration auxiliary milling and grinding equipment and rotary ultrasonic milling and grinding equipment.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the laser milling process specifically comprises:
the surface of the workpiece is divided into different regions, and fine milling is performed by laser for each region.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the laser milling process, different regions are finely milled by adopting different laser parameters.
As a further improvement of the invention, the laser is a fixed axis laser and/or a variable axis laser.
As a further improvement of the invention, the laser parameters of the fixed axis laser comprise one or more of wavelength and power, and the laser parameters of the variable axis laser comprise one or more of wavelength, power and attitude angle.
As a further development of the invention, the regions comprise open-type regions and/or closed-type regions.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the area includes a regular area and/or an irregular area, and the regular area includes a circular area and a square area.
As a further improvement of the invention, the workpiece material is a hard and brittle material which is difficult to machine.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines laser discretization, high-efficiency milling and laser milling processes, can improve the machinability of materials difficult to machine, realizes high-efficiency high-removal-rate machining, improves the roughness of the machined surface, and can machine in regions according to the characteristics of workpieces;
and by multi-process combined machining, the machining efficiency, the machining precision and the machining quality are greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a laser discretization process in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the high-efficiency milling process according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laser milling process according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a laser milling process according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
6a-6c are schematic processing diagrams of a laser discretization process, an efficient milling process and a laser milling process respectively according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a workpiece according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a three-dimensional topographical view of an edge corner of a first region according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a three-dimensional topographical view of the edge of the second region of the third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8c is a three-dimensional topographic map of the edge of the third region in the third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling, which comprises the following steps:
the laser discretization process is used for processing the surface of the workpiece by laser to form a prefabricated micro texture so as to discretize the surface of the workpiece;
the efficient milling and grinding process is characterized in that milling and grinding equipment is adopted to roughly process a workpiece subjected to a laser discretization process;
and in the laser milling process, the workpiece subjected to the high-efficiency milling process is finely milled by laser.
The process steps of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The composite processing method in the first embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
laser discretization process:
referring to fig. 2, a prefabricated micro-texture 11 with a certain rule is formed by preprocessing a surface of a workpiece 10 (made of a hard and brittle material which is difficult to machine) by a first laser 21, wherein the prefabricated micro-texture 11 comprises a blind hole array, a linear groove array, a curved groove array and the like, and the linear groove array comprises a transverse linear groove array, a vertical linear groove array, an oblique linear groove array and the like.
The first laser 21 is generated by laser excitation, the laser can adopt nanosecond laser, picosecond laser and the like, different types of lasers can be selected according to different processing objects, and different laser parameters can be selected.
Through the laser discretization process, the surface of the workpiece can be discretized, the cutting characteristic is improved, and the interaction strength between the later-stage cutter and the workpiece is reduced.
The high-efficiency milling and grinding process comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 3, the workpiece 10 after the laser discretization process is roughly processed by using milling equipment 22, which includes a milling cutter, vibration-assisted milling equipment, rotary ultrasonic milling equipment, and the like.
In the embodiment, a milling cutter (diamond cutter) is taken as an example for explanation, the diamond cutter is adopted for efficient milling, the material processing of a design area is realized with a large removal rate, and the type and the size of the diamond cutter can be determined according to specific processing occasions.
The workpiece processed by the laser discretization process can adopt the combination of process parameters such as large cutting depth, large cutting width, large feeding speed and the like during efficient milling and grinding, so that efficient milling and grinding are realized.
The laser milling process comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 4, the workpiece 10 after the high-efficiency milling process is finely milled by the second laser 23.
Preferably, referring to fig. 5, the laser milling process specifically includes:
the workpiece surface is divided into different regions, and fine milling is performed by the second laser 23 for each region. In the present embodiment, the workpiece surface is divided into 6 square regions, and fine milling is performed by the second laser 23 for each region. The laser localized fine removal processing is performed for typical areas with special requirements, and high-surface-quality manufacturing can be realized.
Specifically, different laser parameters are adopted for carrying out fine milling in different areas, the laser is a fixed axis laser and/or a variable axis laser, the laser parameter of the fixed axis laser comprises one or more of wavelength and power, and the laser parameter of the variable axis laser comprises one or more of wavelength, power and attitude angle (included angle theta between the laser parameter and the normal direction of the surface of the workpiece).
Referring to fig. 6a to 6c, the composite processing method in the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the composite processing method in the first embodiment, and the detailed process method is not repeated here.
Different from the first embodiment, in the present embodiment, only a local square closed region of the workpiece surface is processed, and the laser discretization process, the high-efficiency milling process, and the laser milling process are all performed in the region.
Referring to fig. 7, the composite processing method in the third embodiment of the present invention is the same as the composite processing method in the first embodiment, and the detailed process method is not repeated here.
Unlike the first embodiment, the regions of the workpiece surface in this embodiment include a first region 101, a second region 102, and a third region 103, where the first region 101 is a substantially concave open-type region, the second region 102 is a square closed-type region, and the third region 103 is a circular closed-type region.
The machined and molded workpiece is finally obtained through a laser discretization process, an efficient milling process and a laser milling process, and as shown in the combined drawings of 8a-8c, pits appear on the bottom surface, interlayer cutting abrasive particle tracks can be seen on the edges of the area, and no obvious scratches are left on the surface of the workpiece. Therefore, the discretization is beneficial to realizing large-cutting-depth processing, improving the processing surface roughness, reducing the abrasion of the cutter and improving the durability of the cutter.
The division of the regions in the above embodiments is only for specific description, and in other embodiments, the surface of the workpiece may be divided into a plurality of regular or irregular regions according to needs, which is not described herein by way of example.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention combines laser discretization, high-efficiency milling and laser milling processes, can improve the machinability of materials difficult to machine, realizes high-efficiency high-removal-rate machining, improves the roughness of the machined surface, and can machine in regions according to the characteristics of workpieces;
and by multi-process combined machining, the machining efficiency, the machining precision and the machining quality are greatly improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the laser discretization process is characterized in that a prefabricated micro texture is processed on the surface of a workpiece through laser to discretize the surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is made of a hard and brittle material which is difficult to process;
the efficient milling and grinding process is characterized in that milling and grinding equipment is adopted to roughly process a workpiece subjected to a laser discretization process;
a laser milling process, wherein the workpiece after the high-efficiency milling process is finely milled by laser;
the laser milling process specifically comprises the following steps: the surface of the workpiece is divided into different areas, each area is subjected to fine milling through laser, and different areas are subjected to fine milling through different laser parameters.
2. The composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling according to claim 1, wherein the prefabricated microtexture is selected from one or more of a blind hole array, a linear groove array and a curved groove array, and the linear groove array is selected from one or more of a transverse linear groove array, a vertical linear groove array and an oblique linear groove array.
3. The composite machining method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling according to claim 1, wherein the milling equipment is selected from one or more of milling tools, vibration-assisted milling equipment and rotary ultrasonic milling equipment.
4. The composite processing method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling according to claim 1, wherein the laser is a fixed axis laser and/or a variable axis laser.
5. The composite processing method based on laser discretization, high-efficiency milling and laser milling according to claim 4, wherein the laser parameters of the fixed-axis laser comprise one or more of wavelength and power, and the laser parameters of the variable-axis laser comprise one or more of wavelength, power and attitude angle.
6. The composite machining method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling according to claim 1, characterized in that the region is an open region and/or a closed region.
7. The composite machining method based on laser discretization, efficient milling and laser milling according to claim 1, wherein the area is a regular area and/or an irregular area, and the regular area comprises a circular area or a square area.
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| WO2021164841A1 (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2021-08-26 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Method of manufacturing a mould for injection moulding |
| CN112548339B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-08-23 | 广东工业大学 | Ultrasonic laser mechanical composite machining method, ultrasonic vibration clamp, machine tool and laser |
| CN112620947B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2023-04-07 | 贵州大学 | Laser preparation method of vein bionic surface diamond cutting tool |
| CN112975400B (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-01-28 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Variable-axis multi-laser turning-multi-axis CNC milling composite machining method and system |
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| CN1730227A (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2006-02-08 | 安徽建筑工业学院 | Laser milling method for hard brittle material |
| CN102172883A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-09-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method and device for machining high-quality tiny through hole of hard and crisp material |
| US8684861B2 (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2014-04-01 | Sri Sports Limited | Golf club head |
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