CN110090871A - Control the sub- hot obliterated extrusion manufacturing process of phase transformation - Google Patents
Control the sub- hot obliterated extrusion manufacturing process of phase transformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110090871A CN110090871A CN201810094037.3A CN201810094037A CN110090871A CN 110090871 A CN110090871 A CN 110090871A CN 201810094037 A CN201810094037 A CN 201810094037A CN 110090871 A CN110090871 A CN 110090871A
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- Prior art keywords
- occlusion
- temperature
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- extrusion
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
- B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of sub- hot obliterated extrusion manufacturing process of control phase transformation, by being put into the extrusion die with occlusion structure after preheating blank, after being sprayed lubricant medium and extrusion molding in real time, by with residual temperature part be quickly put into the occlusion structure mold with cooling duct synchronize occlusion mould in cool down to control steel material phase transition process, finally by the part material returned of the heart table temperature difference, using high temperature center portion waste heat conduction heating coating metal to samming, to obtain the different target part of heart table mechanical property.The present invention improves the forming accuracy of part while significantly simplifying work step, complete the phase transition process of improvement mechanical property under slave mode in occlusion mold, avoid excessive heat-treatment distortion, improve product qualification rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology in precise forming field, the sub- hot obliterated extrusion of specifically a kind of control phase transformation at
Shape method.
Background technique
It is general after the completion of forming process in order to improve its mechanical property in the manufacturing process of vehicle key components
Increase heat treatment procedure to improve its performance.Precision forging with it is few without cutting, efficiently production the advantages that be usually used in structural member at
Shape is made, at present in practice mainly with precision forging (cold, warm, hot)+be heat-treated again, precision forging (warm)+Residual Heat Treatment
The production of two ways tissue.Cold-forging forming precision is high, but blank need to do sofening treatment and surface phosphorus saponification process, phospholeum
Polluting property limits its development；Particularly, for multistation cold-extrusion shaping, need using multiple phospholeum or phospholeum+
The method of supplemental lubrication guarantees that part smoothly shapes, and environmental protection is at high cost.Forging+Residual Heat Treatment is warmed, with warm forging+heat treatment
It compares, waste heat can be effectively utilized and save the energy, but the two heat-treatment protocol does not have essential distinction；For long axis class zero
Part is easy to happen significant heat-treatment distortion, causes unqualified or needs other correction process to remedy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, proposes a kind of sub- hot obliterated extrusion forming side of control phase transformation
Method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention is sprayed lubricant medium simultaneously by being put into the extrusion die with occlusion structure after preheating blank in real time
After extrusion molding, the part with residual temperature is quickly put into the occlusion structure mold with cooling duct and is synchronized in occlusion mould
Cooling, finally by the part material returned of the heart table temperature difference, utilizes high temperature center portion waste heat conduction heating to control steel material phase transition process
Coating metal is to samming, to obtain the different target part of heart table mechanical property.
The blank preferably uses sawing process sawing steel material, and carries out quality sorting, strict control blank quality
Deviation is ± 0.5g.
The blank is preferably sensed to be heated to 200 DEG C ± 20 DEG C, and pre- proofing is subsequent to prevent on blank
Heated oxide.
The preheating refers to: passing through induction heating blank to sub- hot temperature range.
The hot temperature range in Asia is 1000 DEG C ± 50 DEG C.
Spare part outside measurement is controlled by occlusion die cavity in the extrusion process, by opening rapidly after the completion of squeezing
Mould ejection control part residual temperature is higher than critical-temperature.
The extrusion die with occlusion structure uses mechanical occlusion structure preferably to guarantee mould open/close process
Quick response；Further preferably routine hot die steel is made.
The critical-temperature refers to: the critical-temperature for sub-eutectoid steel is Ac3, the critical-temperature for hypereutectoid steel
For Ac1.
The material that the occlusion structure mold with cooling duct preferably uses thermal coefficient big is made, due to cooling
The mold does not almost stress so intensity requirement is not high in the process.
The part of the heart table temperature difference refers to: being quickly cooled down zero using increasing cooling duct when cooling in synchronous occlusion mould
Part surface layer simultaneously ejects rapidly, and center portion metal has little time to cool down, and forms the shape that coating metal is cold, center portion metal keeps high temperature
State.
Technical effect
1, compared with traditional " cold forging+be heat-treated again ", the present invention has the advantage that 1. can be to avoid using phospholeum
Change, improves the Environmental Protection Level of production process；2. the forming process of part can be reduced；3. subsequent heat treatment equipment is eliminated,
Shorten the production cycle, improves production efficiency.
2, it compared with traditional " warm forge+is heat-treated again ", the present invention has the advantage that waste heat is 1. utilized, avoids
It reheats, saves the energy；2. without the logistics among forging, management easy to produce and tissue automated production；3. saving
Subsequent professional heat treatment equipment, shortens the production cycle, improves production efficiency.
3, compared with conventional " warm forging+Residual Heat Treatment ", the present invention has the advantage that 1. improve part at
Shape precision；2. completing the phase transition process of improvement mechanical property under slave mode in occlusion mold, excessive heat treatment is avoided to become
Shape improves product qualification rate；3. reducing the investment of dedicated Residual Heat Treatment equipment, process flow is effectively shortened.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is cooling work step schematic diagram in the forward extrusion of occlusion die cavity and synchronous occlusion mould of embodiment 1；
In figure: a is occlusion die cavity forward extrusion, b is cooling in synchronous mold；
In Fig. 2 a: 201 workpiece, 202 lower cavity dies, 203 upper cavity dies, 204 punch-pin, 205 occlusion mechanisms, 206 mandrils；
In Fig. 2 b: 211 workpiece, 212 lower cavity dies with cooling duct, 213 upper cavity dies with cooling duct, 214 punch-pin,
215 occlusion mechanisms, 216 mandrils；
Fig. 3 is cooling work step schematic diagram in the occlusion die cavity Bidirectional-squeezing and synchronous occlusion mould of embodiment 2；
In figure: a is occlusion die cavity Bidirectional-squeezing, b is cooling in synchronous mold；
In Fig. 3 a: 301 workpiece, 302 lower cavity dies, 303 upper cavity dies, 304 punch-pin, 305 occlusion mechanisms, 306 counter punches；
In Fig. 3 b: 311 workpiece, 312 lower cavity dies with cooling duct, 313 upper cavity dies with cooling duct, 314 punch-pin,
315 occlusion mechanisms, 316 counter punches；
Fig. 4 is cooling work step schematic diagram in the forward extrusion of occlusion mold and synchronous occlusion mould of embodiment 3；
In figure: a is occlusion mold forward extrusion, b is cooling in synchronous mold.
In Fig. 4 a: 401 workpiece, 402 lower cavity dies, 403 upper cavity dies, 404 punch-pin, 405 occlusion mechanisms, 406 mandrils；
In Fig. 4 b: 411 workpiece, 412 lower cavity dies with cooling duct, 413 upper cavity dies with cooling duct, 414 punch-pin,
415 occlusion mechanisms, 416 mandrils；
Fig. 5 is the microstructure photo of the long shaft parts of embodiment 3；
In figure: a is surface layer microstructure, b is center portion microstructure.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
By taking part is with the rod part of fork as an example, manufacturing process are as follows:
The first step, accurate blanking: using sawing process sawing 40Cr steel bar, and according to target quality 200g carries out quality point
Choosing, strict control blank mass deviation are ± 0.5g.
Second step, pre- proofing: by blank induction heating to 200 DEG C, and after pre- proofing is on blank to prevent
Continuous heated oxide.
Third step, induction heating are to sub- hot temperature range: by blank induction heating to 1000 DEG C.
4th step, obliterated extrusion: will warm up 1000 DEG C of blank, be put into the extrusion die with occlusion structure, in real time
Lubricant medium is sprayed, unidirectional forward extrusion forming is carried out；Die cavity is occluded in extrusion process and controls spare part outside measurement, is squeezed and is completed
It is higher than 830 DEG C by part residual temperature when die sinking ejection rapidly afterwards.
As shown in Figure 2 a, the extrusion die with occlusion structure, comprising: upper cavity die 203, lower cavity die 202, machinery
Formula occlusion structure 205, punch-pin 204 and mandril 206.
Upper cavity die and lower cavity die provide closing force by mechanical occlusion structure, and upper and lower cavity plate remains in extrusion process
Closure, upper and lower cavity plate is quickly opened after the completion of forming, and mandril ejects part, and as shown in Figure 2 a, mold materials select conventional heat to make
Mould steel 4Cr5MoSiV1.
It is cooling in 5th step, synchronous occlusion mould: the part with residual temperature is quickly put into adjacent closing with cooling duct
Plug structure mold implements the thermally conductive cooling of in-mold part using this mold as shown in Figure 2 b, so that entire part is quickly cooled to
300 DEG C, phase transition process is completed in mold, to realize the final mechanical property of control part.
As shown in Figure 2 b, the occlusion structure mold with cooling duct, comprising: the upper cavity die with cooling duct
213, the lower cavity die 212 with cooling duct, mechanical occlusion structure 215, punch-pin 214 and mandril 216.
Rod part feature according to part with fork, corresponds in fork and devises large-sized cooling duct in mold, protects
It is uniform as far as possible to demonstrate,prove entire part cooling velocity.Mold materials select general low-carbon alloy steel；
6th step, part take out cooling: the part after the 1st~5 step takes out from former, then natural cooling
Or quenching is to room temperature.
Embodiment 2
By taking the axial workpiece of middle part jumping-up as an example, manufacturing process are as follows:
The first step, accurate blanking: using sawing process sawing 42CrMo steel bar, and according to target quality 300g carries out quality point
Choosing, strict control blank mass deviation are ± 0.5g.
Second step, pre- proofing: by blank induction heating to 180 DEG C, and after pre- proofing is on blank to prevent
Continuous heated oxide.
Third step, induction heating are to sub- hot temperature range: by blank induction heating to 950 DEG C.
4th step, obliterated extrusion: will warm up 950 DEG C of blank, be put into the extrusion die with occlusion structure, spray in real time
Lubricant medium is applied, Bidirectional-squeezing forming is carried out；Spare part outside measurement is controlled by occlusion die cavity in extrusion process, after the completion of extruding
It is that part residual temperature is higher than 850 DEG C by being opened ejection rapidly.
As shown in Figure 3a, the extrusion die with occlusion structure, comprising: upper cavity die 303, lower cavity die 302, machinery
Formula occlusion structure 305, punch-pin 304 and counter punch 306.
Upper cavity die and lower cavity die provide closing force by mechanical occlusion structure, and upper and lower cavity plate remains in extrusion process
Closure, upper and lower cavity plate is quickly opened after the completion of forming, and counter punch ejects part, and as shown in Figure 3a, mold materials are selected conventional
Hot die steel 5CrNiMo.
It is cooling in 5th step, synchronous occlusion mould: the part with residual temperature is quickly put into adjacent closing with cooling duct
Plug structure mold implements the thermally conductive cooling of in-mold part using this mold as shown in Figure 3b, so that entire part is quickly cooled to
350 DEG C, phase transition process is completed in mold, to realize the final mechanical property of control part.
As shown in Figure 3b, the occlusion structure mold with cooling duct, comprising: the upper cavity die with cooling duct
313, the lower cavity die 312 with cooling duct, mechanical occlusion structure 315, punch-pin 314 and counter punch 316.
It according to the axial workpiece feature of middle part jumping-up, is corresponded at middle part and devises double cooling ducts in mold, guaranteed entire
Part cooling velocity is uniform as far as possible.Mold materials select general low-carbon alloy steel；
6th step, part take out cooling: the part by the 1st~5 step takes out from former, then natural cooling or
Quenching is to room temperature.
Embodiment 3
By taking longaxones parts with the level as an example, manufacturing process are as follows:
The first step, accurate blanking: using sawing process sawing 40Cr steel bar, and according to target quality 450g carries out quality point
Choosing, strict control blank mass deviation are ± 0.5g.
Second step, pre- proofing: by blank induction heating to 220 DEG C, and after pre- proofing is on blank to prevent
Continuous heated oxide.
Third step, induction heating are to sub- hot temperature range: by blank induction heating to 1050 DEG C.
4th step, obliterated extrusion: will warm up 1050 DEG C of blank, be put into the extrusion die with occlusion structure, in real time
Lubricant medium is sprayed, forward extrusion forming is carried out；Spare part outside measurement is controlled by occlusion die cavity in extrusion process, after the completion of extruding
It is higher than 880 DEG C of critical-temperature by being opened ejection control part residual temperature rapidly.
As shown in fig. 4 a, the extrusion die with occlusion structure, comprising: upper cavity die 403, lower cavity die 402, machinery
Formula occlusion structure 405, punch-pin 404 and mandril 406.
Upper cavity die and lower cavity die provide closing force by mechanical occlusion structure, and upper and lower cavity plate remains in extrusion process
Closure, upper and lower cavity plate is quickly opened after the completion of forming, and lower push rod ejects part, and as shown in fig. 4 a, mold materials select conventional heat
Make mould steel 32CrW8V.
It is cooling in 5th step, synchronous occlusion mould: the part with residual temperature is quickly put into adjacent closing with cooling duct
Plug structure mold implements the thermally conductive cooling of in-mold part, control part cooling velocity and cooling depth using this mold, so that long
Shaft member surface layer is quickly cooled to 300 DEG C hereinafter, coating metal completes phase transformation in mold.
As shown in Figure 4 b, the occlusion structure mold with cooling duct, comprising: the upper cavity die with cooling duct
413, the lower cavity die 412 with cooling duct, mechanical occlusion structure 415, punch-pin 414 and mandril 416.
According to longaxones parts feature with the level, is designed and arranged cooling logical according to diameter of part size in a mold
Road, and flow velocity of the cooling medium in channel is increased, guarantee that entire part surface layer high-speed uniform is cooling.Mold materials are selected general
Low-carbon alloy steel；
6th step, part itself are thermally conductive: ejection is by quickly forcing the zero of the cooling gained heart table temperature difference in synchronous occlusion mould
Part, surface temperature is reduced to 300 DEG C hereinafter, center portion stills remain in 700 DEG C or more at this time, using the conduction of high temperature center portion waste heat plus
Hot coating metal is to samming, to obtain the different target part of heart table mechanical property.
7th step, part take out cooling: the part after the 1st~6 step takes out from former, then natural cooling
Or quenching is to room temperature.
Longaxones parts with the level, when use, are subjected to torque, therefore there are certain requirements to its intensity；Simultaneously because light weight
The requirement of change needs subsequent drilling processing with loss of weight, suitably to reduce center portion intensity convenient for drilling；Therefore, such length with the level
Shaft member heart table mechanical property actually required is different.
It is given birth to using existing " precision forging+be heat-treated again " or " precision forging+Residual Heat Treatment " process
It produces, the different target part of heart table mechanical property can not be obtained；Gained part can satisfy mechanical property and organizational requirements, such as anti-
Tensile strength is greater than 650MPa, and microstructure is based on sorbite, but subsequent drilling difficulty is big, bit life is low, overall cost
It is high；Meanwhile such long shaft parts, it deforms in " being heat-treated again " or " Residual Heat Treatment ", product disqualification rate is higher.
It is manufactured experimently using the manufacturing process in the embodiment, gained long shaft parts forming quality with the level is good, surface layer
Tissue is sorbite, as shown in Figure 5 a；Core structure is ferrite+pearlite, as shown in Figure 5 b；Coating metal tensile strength is big
In 650MPa, center portion metal about 500MPa, the heart table mechanical property differentiation of part is formed, actual requirement is met.With existing skill
Art is compared, and process flow is effectively shortened, energy consumption is reduced, qualification rate improves, and cost per unit is greatly reduced.
Above-mentioned specific implementation can by those skilled in the art under the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and objective with difference
Mode carry out local directed complete set to it, protection scope of the present invention is subject to claims and not by above-mentioned specific implementation institute
Limit, each implementation within its scope is by the constraint of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sub- hot obliterated extrusion manufacturing process of control phase transformation, which is characterized in that closed by being put into have after preheating blank
The extrusion die of plug structure, after being sprayed lubricant medium and extrusion molding in real time, the part with residual temperature, which is quickly put into, to be had
The occlusion structure mold of cooling duct, which synchronizes, to be cooled down in occlusion mould to control steel material phase transition process, finally by heart table temperature
The part material returned of difference, using high temperature center portion waste heat conduction heating coating metal to samming, so that it is different to obtain heart table mechanical property
Target part.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the blank use sawing process sawing steel material, go forward side by side
Row quality sorting, strict control blank mass deviation are ± 0.5g.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the blank is sensed to be heated to 200 DEG C ± 20 DEG C, and
Pre- proofing is on blank to prevent subsequent heat from aoxidizing.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preheating refers to: passing through induction heating blank to sub- heat
Temperature range.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described hot temperature range in Asia is 1000 DEG C ± 50 DEG C.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the extrusion process by occlusion die cavity control zero
Part outer dimension is higher than critical-temperature by die sinking ejection control part residual temperature rapidly after the completion of squeezing, it may be assumed that for sub-eutectoid steel
Critical-temperature be Ac3, for hypereutectoid steel critical-temperature be Ac1.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described extrusion die with occlusion structure is using mechanical
For occlusion structure to guarantee the quick response of mould open/close process, which includes: the extrusion die with occlusion structure, packet
It includes: upper cavity die, lower cavity die, mechanical occlusion structure, punch-pin and mandril or counter punch.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described occlusion structure mold with cooling duct is using leading
The big material of hot coefficient is made, the occlusion structure mold include: the upper cavity die with cooling duct, the lower cavity die with cooling duct,
Mechanical occlusion structure, punch-pin and mandril.
9. method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the occlusion structure is realized using multi link.
10. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the part of the heart table temperature difference refers to: in synchronous occlusion mould
Part surface layer is quickly cooled down using increasing cooling duct when cooling and is ejected rapidly, and center portion metal has little time to cool down, and forms table
Metal is cold for layer, center portion metal keeps the state of high temperature.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810094037.3A CN110090871B (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | Extrusion forming method for controlling phase change sub-thermal blocking |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810094037.3A CN110090871B (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | Extrusion forming method for controlling phase change sub-thermal blocking |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110090871A true CN110090871A (en) | 2019-08-06 |
| CN110090871B CN110090871B (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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| CN201810094037.3A Active CN110090871B (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | Extrusion forming method for controlling phase change sub-thermal blocking |
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| CN110090871B (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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