CN108526238B - Hot extrusion near-net forming method for asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with lugs - Google Patents
Hot extrusion near-net forming method for asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with lugs Download PDFInfo
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- CN108526238B CN108526238B CN201810216374.5A CN201810216374A CN108526238B CN 108526238 B CN108526238 B CN 108526238B CN 201810216374 A CN201810216374 A CN 201810216374A CN 108526238 B CN108526238 B CN 108526238B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/32—Making machine elements wheels; discs discs, e.g. disc wheels
Abstract
A method for forming an asymmetric aluminum alloy flange with lugs in a near-net shape by hot extrusion is suitable for an aluminum alloy plate-shaped member with a complex shape and high mechanical property requirement, and belongs to the field of precision plastic forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a precision plastic forming method, in particular to a hot extrusion near-net forming method of an asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with lugs, which is suitable for aluminum alloy plate-shaped components with complex shapes and higher mechanical property requirements and belongs to the field of precision plastic forming.
Background
With the increasing sharpness of environmental and energy problems, environmental protection and energy conservation are receiving more and more attention and attention from people. Therefore, products in the twenty-first century gradually develop towards integration, light weight, high precision and low energy consumption. The aluminum alloy has excellent use performance, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, rail transit, weaponry and the like. In the field of aerospace, the requirements for light weight, high strength and low energy consumption of products are higher and higher, the flange plate is used as an important part commonly used for connecting various pipelines in aerospace products, and the aluminum alloy is used as the material of the flange plate, so that the weight of various models can be obviously reduced.
At present, the main manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy flange plate with the lugs in the aerospace field is to freely forge an aluminum alloy bar and then machine the aluminum alloy bar or directly machine an aluminum alloy thick plate into a part. The utilization rate of the materials in the two traditional methods is poor, and the mechanical property of the part is not high; in addition, the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lugs and different sizes has a complex geometric shape and structure, more machining allowance is left after forging, and the positioning difficulty is higher when the lugs are machined, so that the traditional machining method not only increases the working hours and the machining cost, but also has lower production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the hot extrusion near-net forming method of the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange with the lug is provided, the defects of poor mechanical property, long processing period, low material utilization rate and the like of parts processed by the prior art can be overcome, and meanwhile, the precise near-net forming of the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange with the lug can be effectively ensured. The method not only greatly improves the precision and the mechanical property of the product, but also gives full play to the potential of the material, improves the utilization rate of the material, obviously shortens the forming period, reduces the processing cost and further realizes green manufacturing.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
s1, converting the part drawing of the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lugs into a basic flange plate extrusion piece according to the part drawing of the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lugs formed as required;
s2, calculating the volume of the flange part according to the flange part diagram, further determining the size of the cylindrical blank required by hot extrusion forming, and then processing to obtain the cylindrical blank;
s3, preparing a hot extrusion die comprising an upper die and a lower die according to the flange extrusion piece in the S1, wherein two positioning grooves are arranged on the outer side of a die cavity of the lower die of the hot extrusion die;
s4, heating and insulating the cylindrical blank in the S2, and upsetting the cylindrical blank;
s5, reaming the blank after upsetting in the step S4;
s6, placing the blank after the hole expansion in the S5 mode on a punching die, removing the center hole expansion and skin connection of the blank, and obtaining a circular ring blank;
s7, heating and preserving heat of the ring blank obtained in the step S6, heating the hot extrusion die prepared in the step S3, then placing the heated ring blank in the hot extrusion die for extrusion forming, and then performing alkali washing, repairing damage and flash removal on the obtained extrusion piece;
and S8, performing finish machining on the flange plate extruded and formed in the S7 mode to finally obtain the required asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lug.
Furthermore, in S1, no allowance is left on a non-matching surface of the extrusion piece, a machining allowance delta is left on the matching surface, and the extrusion piece is subjected to die drawing with the die drawing inclination of β, wherein delta is 0.1-6 mm, and β is 3-5 degrees.
Further, the die parting surface of the hot extrusion die is selected at the position where the diameter size of the extrusion piece is maximum, and the hot extrusion die further comprises a positioning guide device and a heating part; the positioning guide device comprises guide pillars and guide sleeves which are arranged on an upper die and a lower die of the hot extrusion die, the positions of the guide sleeves of the upper die and the lower die correspond to each other, and the guide pillars penetrate through the guide sleeves of the upper die and the lower die; the heating component comprises a plurality of heating holes on an upper die and a lower die.
Further, the heating holes are distributed according to an equilateral triangle.
Further, the method of upsetting the cylindrical billet in S4 is to heat the cylindrical billet obtained in S2 to a temperature T1And keeping the temperature for a certain time t1While also heating the free forging die to a temperature T2Then putting the heated cylindrical blank into the center of the lower die of the free forging die, and setting the forming tonnage of the hydraulic press to be Q during upsetting1Then upsetting the blank to a height h1。
Further, said T1Is 380-450 ℃ and T2At 350-450 ℃ t1Is 1.5 to 4 hours, Q1＞600t，h1Is 70 to 100 mm.
Further, the reaming method in S5 is as follows: heating the reaming die to a temperatureDegree T3Setting the forming tonnage of the hydraulic press to be Q2Then the blank is reamed to an outer diameter d1Inner diameter d2。
Further, said T3Is 350 to 450 ℃ and Q2＞1000t，d1300 to 340mm, d2Is 260-280 mm.
Further, the method for hot extrusion forming of the flange in S7 includes: heating the ring blank obtained in S6 to a temperature T4And keeping the temperature for a certain time t2While heating the hot extrusion die prepared in S3 to a temperature T5Then placing the heated ring blank in a hot extrusion die, and setting the forming tonnage of a hydraulic press as Q3Performing extrusion molding to make the upper die and the lower die different by a difference h2And (5) closing.
Further, said T4At 380-450 ℃ t21.5 to 4 hours, T5Is 350 to 450 ℃ and Q3＞1300t，h2Is 0 to 8 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the extrusion die provided by the invention is simple in structural design, and the difficulty of subsequent machining positioning can be obviously reduced by adding two positioning grooves on the lower extrusion die;
(2) the method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, and the formed flange plate has high dimensional accuracy and excellent mechanical property;
(3) the extrusion forming method provided by the invention can realize near-net forming of parts, and the non-matching surface does not need to be machined, so that the subsequent processing amount is effectively reduced, the forming period is shortened, and the efficiency is improved;
(4) the method provided by the invention can obviously improve the utilization rate of the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an asymmetric aluminum alloy flange with lugs;
FIG. 2 is an upper die of a hot extrusion die for an asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with lugs;
FIG. 3 is a lower die of a hot extrusion die for an asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with lugs;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the hot extrusion process of the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange with lugs.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The asymmetric flange plate with the lugs to be formed comprises a ring-shaped flange plate, wherein three lugs with different sizes are arranged on the outer side edge of the ring at a certain angle.
Taking an asymmetric aluminum alloy flange with lugs as an example, the shape and the size of the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange are shown in figure 1, the material of the part is 2A50 aluminum alloy, the outer diameter of the flange is 337.4mm, the inner diameter of the flange is 266mm, the radiuses of the three lugs are respectively 16.3mm, 16.3mm and 15.7mm, and the relative positions of the three lugs are respectively 109.8 degrees, 140 degrees and 110.2 degrees.
The specific implementation mode is carried out according to the following process steps:
step one, the basic extrusion defines: the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange part drawing with the lugs is formed according to the requirement and is converted into a basic extrusion piece, no allowance is left on a non-matching surface in the extrusion piece, a machining allowance is left on the matching surface by 5mm, the extrusion piece is subjected to die drawing by considering the demoulding difficulty degree, and the die drawing inclination is 2 degrees;
step two, calculating the size of the hot extrusion blank: according to the principle of the plastic deformation and the volume invariance, the size of the cylindrical blank required by hot extrusion can be calculated (namely, the size of the cylindrical blank is calculated
200mm, h 140mm) and processed;
step three, designing a hot extrusion die: and designing and manufacturing a hot extrusion die of the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange with the lug according to the flange extrusion piece obtained in the step one. The extrusion die comprises an upper die and a lower die, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the die parting surface of the extrusion die is selected at the position where the diameter size of the extrusion piece is maximum due to the consideration of the geometrical shape of the extrusion piece, the assembly of the die and other factors, the lug is arranged at the upper part of the lower die, and the lower die is provided with a flash groove; in addition, because the three lugs of the flange are different in size and are distributed on the outer side of the flange at a certain angle, two positioning grooves are added on the outer side of the lower model cavity in consideration of the subsequent machining positioning problem of the flange; the extrusion die also comprises a positioning guide device and a heating device; the guide device comprises a guide post and a guide sleeve which are respectively arranged on the upper die and the lower die of the extrusion die; the heating device comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein 6 heating holes distributed in an equilateral triangle are formed in the upper die, and 9 heating holes distributed in an equilateral triangle are formed in the lower die;
step four, free forging: putting the cylindrical blank obtained in the step two into a resistance furnace, heating to 420 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; meanwhile, the free forging die is heated to 400 ℃, then the heated cylindrical blank is placed in the center of the lower die of the free forging die, the forming tonnage of the hydraulic press during upsetting is set to 700t, and then the blank is upset to 90 mm;
step five, reaming: immediately reaming the blank after the fifth upsetting, wherein the temperature of a die is 400 ℃ during reaming, the forming tonnage of a hydraulic press is set to 1200t, and then reaming the blank until the outer diameter is 350mm and the inner diameter is 250 mm;
step six, removing center hole expanding and connecting skin: immediately placing the blank subjected to hole expansion in the fifth step on a punching die, and removing the central hole expansion and skin connection of the blank;
step seven, hot extrusion: heating the ring blank obtained in the sixth step in a resistance furnace to 420 ℃ and preserving heat for 2h, simultaneously heating the extrusion die designed and manufactured in the third step to 400 ℃, then placing the heated ring blank in the extrusion die, setting the forming tonnage of a hydraulic press to 1450t, carrying out extrusion forming to completely close the upper die and the lower die, and then carrying out alkali washing, repairing damage and removing flash on the obtained extrusion piece;
step eight, fine machining: and (4) performing finish machining on the extruded part obtained in the step seven according to the original size of the part, and mainly removing the allowance left on the surface to be machined and two bosses for positioning.
Compared with the existing method, the hot-extruded asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lugs has the advantages that the material utilization rate is improved by 40%, the manufacturing cost is reduced by 35%, and the processing efficiency is improved by 30%.
According to the invention, a preferable scheme is provided, and when the draft angle of the drawing die in the step (1) is 3-5 degrees, the processing efficiency of the hot-extruded asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lugs is improved by 40% compared with that of the existing method.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer diameter d of the blank after broaching in step (6)1300-340 mm, inner diameter d2The thickness is 260-280 mm, the manufacturing cost of the hot-extruded asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lugs can be reduced by 45% compared with that of the existing method, and the processing efficiency is improved by 45%.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A hot extrusion near-net forming method for an asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with lugs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, converting the part drawing of the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lugs into a basic flange plate extrusion piece according to the part drawing of the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lugs formed as required;
s2, calculating the volume of the flange part according to the flange part diagram, further determining the size of the cylindrical blank required by hot extrusion forming, and then processing to obtain the cylindrical blank;
s3, preparing a hot extrusion die comprising an upper die and a lower die according to the flange extrusion piece in the S1, wherein two positioning grooves are arranged on the outer side of a die cavity of the lower die of the hot extrusion die;
s4, heating and insulating the cylindrical blank in the S2, and upsetting the cylindrical blank;
s5, reaming the blank after upsetting in the step S4;
s6, placing the blank after the hole expansion in the S5 mode on a punching die, removing the center hole expansion and skin connection of the blank, and obtaining a circular ring blank;
s7, heating and preserving heat of the ring blank obtained in the step S6, heating the hot extrusion die prepared in the step S3, then placing the heated ring blank in the hot extrusion die for extrusion forming, and then performing alkali washing, repairing damage and flash removal on the obtained extrusion piece;
s8, performing finish machining on the flange plate extruded and formed in the S7 mode to finally obtain the required asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lug;
in S1, no allowance is left on a non-matching surface of the extrusion piece, a machining allowance delta is left on the matching surface, and the extrusion piece is subjected to die drawing at the same time, wherein the die drawing inclination is β, delta is 0.1-6 mm, and β is 3-5 degrees;
the die parting surface of the hot extrusion die is selected at the position with the largest diameter size of the extrusion piece, and the hot extrusion die further comprises a positioning guide device and a heating part; the positioning guide device comprises guide pillars and guide sleeves which are arranged on an upper die and a lower die of the hot extrusion die, the positions of the guide sleeves of the upper die and the lower die correspond to each other, and the guide pillars penetrate through the guide sleeves of the upper die and the lower die; the heating part comprises a plurality of heating holes on an upper die and a lower die;
the heating holes are distributed according to an equilateral triangle;
the cylindrical billet is upset in S4 by heating the cylindrical billet obtained in S2 to a temperature T1And keeping the temperature for a certain time t1While also heating the free forging die to a temperature T2Then putting the heated cylindrical blank into the center of the lower die of the free forging die, and setting the forming tonnage of the hydraulic press to be Q during upsetting1Then upsetting the blank to a height h1；
The reaming method in the S5 comprises the following steps: heating the reaming die to a temperature T3Setting the forming tonnage of the hydraulic press to be Q2Then the blank is reamed to an outer diameter d1Inner diameter d2；
The method for hot extrusion forming of the flange plate in the S7 comprises the following steps: heating the ring blank obtained in S6 to a temperature T4And keeping the temperature for a certain time t2While heating the hot extrusion die prepared in S3 to a temperature T5Then placing the heated ring blank in a hot extrusion die, and setting the forming tonnage of a hydraulic press as Q3Performing extrusion molding to make the upper die and the lower die different by a difference h2And (5) closing.
2. The hot-extrusion near-net-shape forming method for the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lug according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the above-mentionedT1Is 380-450 ℃ and T2At 350-450 ℃ t1Is 1.5 to 4 hours, Q1＞600t，h1Is 70 to 100 mm.
3. The hot-extrusion near-net-shape forming method for the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lug according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the T is3Is 350 to 450 ℃ and Q2＞1000t，d1300 to 340mm, d2Is 260-280 mm.
4. The hot-extrusion near-net-shape forming method for the asymmetric aluminum alloy flange plate with the lug according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the T is4At 380-450 ℃ t21.5 to 4 hours, T5Is 350 to 450 ℃ and Q3＞1300t，h2Is 0 to 8 mm.
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| CN109226629A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-18 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | A kind of hot-pressed mold of ring flange and manufacturing process |
| CN110000324B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-05-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Isothermal die forging forming control method for radial rib shell forge piece |
| CN112846064B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-01-10 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Isothermal forming method and device for aluminum alloy flange forging material distribution control |
| CN112474858B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-11-15 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Hot drawing, deep extruding and forming process for near-annular component |
| CN113319234B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-01-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminum alloy end frame blank-making and finish-forging integrated die with lugs and forming method |
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| JPH01118331A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-05-10 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Forging method for forging part having reverse tapered part |
| JP3443528B2 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2003-09-02 | 日本高周波鋼業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing stepped and flanged annular members |
| CN101723039B (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-11-16 | 唐山亨利车料有限公司 | Front triangular binding head and rear triangular binding head of damping bicycle stand, production technology thereof and die |
| CN102179463B (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-09-05 | 莫亚夫 | Blank-making rolling method for conical hub of automotive transmission |
| CN102814447B (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High-speed train brake disc hub forging die and design method thereof |
| CN104325838B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-08-24 | 雷帮荣 | A kind of high ferro wheel and hot extrusion integral forming method thereof |
| CN105127357A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-09 | 曹立新 | Method for realizing hot extrusion forging of forging blank for flange yoke |
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