CN108927417B - Hot extrusion forming die and forming method for special-shaped deep-cavity complex-structure support - Google Patents

Abstract

The hot extrusion forming die comprises an upper die, a lower die, a guide pillar and a guide sleeve, wherein the lower surface of the upper die and the upper surface of the lower die are horizontal planes, a male die is arranged on the lower surface of the upper die, a female die corresponding to the male die is arranged on the upper surface of the lower die, the female die is integrally of a concave structure, a flash groove is arranged around the female die, a guide groove is respectively arranged around the flash groove, and a gap is formed between the male die and the female die after the male die and the female die are matched to form the shape of a support forging; guide post holes are correspondingly arranged at two diagonal positions of the upper die and the lower die, a guide sleeve is arranged in each guide post hole, the guide sleeves and the guide post holes are fastened in a press fit mode, and the guide posts are respectively inserted into the guide sleeves corresponding to the upper die and the lower die to position the upper die and the lower die; according to the invention, through the design of the male die, the female die, the flash groove and the diversion groove, the flow of the blank is controlled so as to control the dimensional precision of the bracket forging, and redundant blanks can be discharged.

Description

Special-shaped deep cavity complex structure stent hot extrusion forming die and forming method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing equipment, in particular to a hot extrusion forming die for a special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket.

Background technique

The general trend of national defense and security requires that the response speed of weapons and equipment replacement is getting faster and faster, and the technical and tactical indicators are getting higher and higher. , the contradiction between structural lightweight and high-strength requirements is becoming more and more prominent. In order to meet the above requirements, a large number of light alloy special-shaped complex thin-walled structures are used in aerospace weapon components. Among them, the cross section of a certain type of space weapon bracket is rectangular, with a deep cavity structure, the bottom surface is a hollow arc surface, the surrounding side walls are vertical ribs, one of the side walls has two "ears", and the cross-sectional area of the part is relatively small. Large, uneven material distribution, and not traditional axisymmetric parts.

At present, the special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket is mostly manufactured by casting machining. This method has serious drawbacks, for example, the material utilization rate is often lower than 30%, and the material consumption is serious; the castings are deformed during machining and heat treatment, the risk of scrapping is high, and the manufacturing cost is high. The hot extrusion near-net-shape technology can solve the above problems well, greatly improve the material utilization rate, easy to control the deformation of the parts, and greatly shorten the required machining time. At the same time, the hot extrusion process can reduce the deformation resistance of the material and improve the material Plasticity and material properties can also be further improved, and hot extrusion products with good mechanical properties can be obtained, which can ensure that the product properties meet the index requirements. In addition, the hot extrusion forming die is reusable and has a long service life, which greatly reduces production costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a hot extrusion forming die with a simple structure, which can effectively improve the hot extrusion forming precision of the special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket and has high stability in use.

The technical solution of the present invention is: the hot extrusion forming die for the special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging includes an upper die, a lower die, a guide post and a guide sleeve, the lower surface of the upper die and the upper surface of the lower die are horizontal The lower surface of the die is provided with a punch, and the upper surface of the lower die is provided with a concave die corresponding to the punch. The concave die is a concave structure as a whole, and a flash groove is arranged around the concave die. Slot, there is a gap between the punch and the die after they are matched to form the shape of the bracket forging; guide post holes are correspondingly provided at the two corner positions of the upper die and the lower die diagonal, and each guide post hole is There is a guide sleeve inside, and the guide sleeve and the guide post hole are fastened by press fit. There is a gap of 0.15mm to 0.5mm; 9 heating tube holes and 3 thermocouple holes are respectively arranged in the upper die and the lower die.

Preferably, the convex surface of the punch and the inner concave surface of the punch have a radius of 467mm, the overall draft angle of the punch and the punch is 1°-10°, and the fillet radius is 3mm-6mm.

Preferably, the materials selected for the upper mold and the lower mold are heat-resistant steel, cemented carbide or steel-bonded cemented carbide materials, and the materials selected for the guide post and the guide sleeve are bearing steel, hot work die steel or carbon tools. steel material.

Preferably, the upper mold, lower mold, guide post and guide sleeve need heat treatment to improve strength, hardness and wear resistance, and prolong the service life of the mold.

It is preferred that the surfaces of the punch, the die, the guide post hole, the flash groove, the guide groove, the guide post and the guide sleeve should be ground and polished to reduce the surface roughness, facilitate demolding and improve the surface quality of the forging. , The surface roughness of the die, flash groove and guide groove Ra≤0.8, guide post Ra≤0.4, guide sleeve Ra≤0.8, guide post hole Ra≤1.6.

The hot extrusion forming method of the special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging of the present invention uses the hot extrusion forming die for the special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging described in any one of the technical solutions 1-5, and the forming method comprises: step 1 , put the light alloy billet into the concave die of the lower die, step 2, use the punch of the upper die to perform hot extrusion, the billet is extruded during the extrusion process, and at the same time the punch and the concave die are matched to form a mold The cavity is filled, and the excess billet extends outward from the flash groove to realize the precise hot extrusion forming of the bracket. The air in the cavity is exhausted to improve the hot extrusion surface performance of the bracket forging. In step 3, after the hot extrusion is completed, the upper die moves upward to open the mold, the forging is taken out, and the bracket hot extrusion process is completed.

The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

The invention can control the flow of the blank through the design of the punch, the die, the flash groove and the guide groove, so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the bracket forging, and discharge the excess blank, and at the same time can improve the use performance of the mold, Stability and service life, the obtained forgings have small internal grains, dense structure, reasonable metal streamlines and good surface quality, so that the mechanical properties of the forgings can be improved by more than 30%, and there is no need to modify the existing hot extrusion equipment. Simple and low cost.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a top view of the upper die,

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the upper die,

Figure 3 is a top view of the lower die,

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the lower die,

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the guide post,

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the guide sleeve.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a hot extrusion forming die for a bracket forging with a special-shaped deep cavity complex structure described in this embodiment includes an upper die 1, a lower die 9, a guide post 13, a guide sleeve 14, an upper die 1 The lower surface of the lower die 9 and the upper surface of the lower die 9 are horizontal planes, a punch 2 is provided on the lower surface of the upper die 1, and a concave die 10 corresponding to the punch 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower die 9. In the concave structure, a flash groove 11 is provided around the concave die 10, and a diversion groove 12 is provided around the flash groove 11. After the punch 2 and the concave die 10 are matched, there is a gap between the two to form the shape of the bracket forging; Using double guide posts, guide post holes 3 are respectively provided at two diagonal corners of the upper die 1 and the lower die 9, the guide sleeve 14 is placed in the guide post holes 3, and the two are fastened by press fit. The guide post 13 is placed in the guide sleeve 14 with a gap of 0.15mm between them; 9 heating tube holes 7 and 3 thermocouple holes 6 are respectively arranged in the upper die 1 and the lower die 9 . The radii of the convex surface of the punch 2 and the inner concave surface of the die 10 are both 467mm, the overall draft angle of the punch 2 and the die 10 is 1°, and the radius of the fillet is 5mm. The material selected for the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 9 is low heat-resistant high-toughness steel 5CrMnMo, and the material selected for the guide post 13 and the guide sleeve 14 is bearing steel SUJ12; the upper mold 1, the lower mold 9, the guide post 13 and the guide sleeve 14 After heat treatment, it has sufficient strength, hardness and wear resistance; the surfaces of the punch 2, the die 10, the flash groove 11, the guide post 13 and the guide sleeve 14 have been ground and polished. The surface roughness of the side groove and the guide groove is Ra0.8, the guide post is Ra0.4, the guide sleeve is Ra0.8, and the guide post hole is Ra1.6.

During use, the 5A06 aluminum alloy billet is put into the concave die 10 of the lower die 9, and the punch 2 of the upper die 1 is used for hot extrusion. During the extrusion process, the billet is extruded, and the concave die 10 and the convex die The cavity after the mold 2 is matched is filled, and the excess blank extends from the flash groove 11 to the outside, and finally achieves accurate hot extrusion forming, and can avoid the extrusion of the blank on the edges of the punch 2 and the die 10. The damage can effectively improve the service life of the mold and improve the stability. In the process of hot extrusion, the design of the guide groove 12 can discharge the air in the closed cavity after the punch 2 and the die 10 are matched, so as to improve the hot extrusion surface performance of the bracket forging. After the hot extrusion is completed, the upper die 1 is moved upward to open the die, the forging is taken out, and the hot extrusion process of the bracket is completed. The bracket forgings formed by hot extrusion are transferred to the subsequent process, and are finally processed into bracket products after heat treatment, machining and other processes.

Example 2:

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a hot extrusion forming die for a bracket forging with a special-shaped deep cavity complex structure described in this embodiment includes an upper die 1, a lower die 9, a guide post 13, a guide sleeve 14, an upper die 1 The lower surface of the lower die 9 and the upper surface of the lower die 9 are horizontal planes, a punch 2 is provided on the lower surface of the upper die 1, and a concave die 10 corresponding to the punch 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the lower die 9. In the concave structure, a flash groove 11 is provided around the concave die 10, and a diversion groove 12 is provided around the flash groove 11. After the punch 2 and the concave die 10 are matched, there is a gap between the two to form the shape of the bracket forging; Using double guide posts, guide post holes 3 are respectively provided at two diagonal corners of the upper die 1 and the lower die 9, the guide sleeve 14 is placed in the guide post holes 3, and the two are fastened by press fit. The guide post 13 is placed in the guide sleeve 14 with a gap of 0.3 mm between them; 9 heating tube holes 7 and 3 thermocouple holes 6 are respectively arranged in the upper die 1 and the lower die 9 . The radii of the convex surface of the punch 2 and the inner concave surface of the die 10 are both 467mm, the overall draft angle of the punch 2 and the die 10 is 10°, and the radius of the fillet is 6mm. The material selected for the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 9 is medium heat-resistant toughness steel 4Cr5MoSiV, and the material selected for the guide post 13 and the guide sleeve 14 is carbon tool steel T7; The sleeve 14 is heat-treated and has sufficient strength, hardness and wear resistance; the surfaces of the punch 2, the concave die 10, the flash groove 11, the guide post 13 and the guide sleeve 14 are ground and polished, and the punch, concave die, The surface roughness of the flash groove and the guide groove is Ra0.4, the guide post is Ra0.4, the guide sleeve is Ra0.8, and the guide post hole is Ra1.6.

During use, the VW63Z high temperature resistant magnesium alloy billet is put into the concave die 10 of the lower die 9, and the punch 2 of the upper die 1 is used for hot extrusion. During the extrusion process, the billet is extruded, while the concave die 10 is pressed. The cavity after being matched with the punch 2 is filled, and the excess blanks extend outward from the flash groove 11, so as to achieve accurate hot extrusion forming, and avoid the extrusion of the blanks on the edges of the punch 2 and the die 10. The damage caused can effectively improve the service life of the mold and improve the stability. In the process of hot extrusion, the design of the guide groove 12 can discharge the air in the closed cavity after the punch 2 and the die 10 are matched, so as to improve the hot extrusion surface performance of the bracket forging. After the hot extrusion is completed, the upper die 1 moves upward to open the die, the bracket forging is stuck inside the die 10, and the forging is pryed out through the guide groove 12 with a crowbar. The bracket forgings formed by hot extrusion are transferred to the subsequent process, and are finally processed into bracket products after heat treatment, machining and other processes.

It has been verified by the inventor for many times that the gap between the above-mentioned guide post and the guide sleeve can be selected between 0.15mm and 0.5mm, and the overall draft angle can be selected from 1° to 10° and the radius of the fillet can be selected from 3mm to 6mm. It is more conducive to demoulding.

The above are the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and anyone should know that structural changes made under the inspiration of the present invention, and all technical solutions that are the same or similar to those of the present invention, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The content not described in detail in the specification of the present invention belongs to the well-known technology of those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging hot extrusion forming die, it is characterized in that: comprise upper die, lower die, guide post and guide sleeve, the lower surface of the upper die and the upper surface of the lower die are horizontal planes, in the upper die The lower surface is provided with a punch, and the upper surface of the lower die is provided with a concave die corresponding to the punch. The concave die is a concave structure as a whole, a flash groove is arranged around the concave die, and a diversion groove is arranged around the flash groove. , after the punch and the die are matched, there is a gap between the two to form the shape of the bracket forging; guide post holes are correspondingly arranged at the two corner positions of the upper die and the lower die diagonal, and in each guide post hole A guide sleeve is provided, and the guide sleeve and the guide post hole are fastened by press fit. By inserting the guide post into the corresponding guide sleeve of the upper die and the lower die, the upper and lower dies are positioned; there is a space between the guide post and the guide sleeve. Gap; heating tube holes and thermocouple holes are respectively arranged in the upper die and the lower die. 2 . The hot extrusion forming die for a special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging according to claim 1 , wherein the gap between the guide post and the guide sleeve is 0.15 mm to 0.5 mm. 3 . 3 . The hot extrusion forming die for a special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging according to claim 1 , wherein the heating tube holes are provided with nine holes. 4 . 4 . The hot extrusion forming die for a special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging according to claim 1 , wherein three thermocouple holes are provided. 5 . 5. The special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging hot extrusion forming die according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the convex surface of the punch and the inner concave surface radius of the concave die are 467mm, and the punch and the concave die are both 467mm. The overall draft angle is 1° to 10°, and the fillet radius is 3mm to 6mm. 6. The special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging hot extrusion forming die according to claim 1, characterized in that: the materials selected for the upper die and the lower die are heat-resistant steel, cemented carbide or hardened steel The material used for the guide post and guide bush is bearing steel, hot work die steel or carbon tool steel. 7 . The hot extrusion forming die for special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forgings according to claim 1 , wherein the upper die, the lower die, the guide post and the guide sleeve are heat-treated. 8 . 8. The special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forging hot extrusion forming die according to claim 1, characterized in that: the punch, the die, the guide post hole, the flash groove, the guide groove, the guide post and the guide sleeve The surface is ground and polished. 9. The hot extrusion forming die for special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forgings according to claim 8, characterized in that: the surface roughness of the punch, the die, the flash groove and the guide groove is Ra≤0.8, and the guide Post Ra≤0.4, guide sleeve Ra≤0.8, guide post hole Ra≤1.6. 10. A method for hot extrusion forming of special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forgings, which uses the special-shaped deep cavity complex structure bracket forgings hot extrusion forming die according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: Step 1, put the light alloy blank into the concave die of the lower die; The second step is to use the punch of the upper die for hot extrusion. During the extrusion process, the blank is extruded, and at the same time, the cavity formed by the combination of the punch and the concave die is filled, and the excess blank is sent from the flash groove to the outside. Extension, to achieve precise hot extrusion forming of the stent; Step 3: After the hot extrusion is completed, the upper die is moved upward to open the die, the forging is taken out, and the hot extrusion process of the bracket is completed.

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