CN110080234B - Method for excavating secondary central island in deep foundation pit of soft soil foundation - Google Patents
Method for excavating secondary central island in deep foundation pit of soft soil foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110080234B CN110080234B CN201910363708.6A CN201910363708A CN110080234B CN 110080234 B CN110080234 B CN 110080234B CN 201910363708 A CN201910363708 A CN 201910363708A CN 110080234 B CN110080234 B CN 110080234B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for excavating a deep foundation pit of a soft soil foundation, which comprises the following steps: and when the excavation depth is 6m-12m, adopting a secondary central island method to excavate. The invention comprises the following steps: the elevation of the secondary central island is the elevation of a natural terrace and the elevation of the position 5m below the natural ground; the elevation of the soil outlet is the elevation of a natural terrace when the central island is excavated for the first time, the elevation of the soil outlet is the elevation of a crown beam surface when the central island is excavated for the second time, and the earth carrier walks a foundation pit under the inclined way; each time the central island is excavated, the central island is excavated in a layered, stepped and terrace mode; checking calculation of the uplift of the water-stopping curtain; constructing a bearing platform and a ground beam on peripheral high-position piles, and inserting bars into hollow piles for core filling; controlling deep layer displacement and absolute displacement; improving the drainage measures inside and outside the pit; the basement is perfected, and waterproof measures are taken outside the side wall. The invention achieves the aims of ensuring the safety of foundation pit excavation, reducing the quality hidden dangers of basement cracking, water seepage and the like, saving the manufacturing cost and shortening the construction period through a series of technical measures. Thereby improving the social benefit and the economic benefit of foundation pit excavation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soft soil foundation construction, in particular to a secondary central island excavation method which is adopted when a basement has two or more layers and the excavation depth is 6m-12m in the range of a soft soil foundation.
Background
Due to the requirement of the burial depth of high-rise buildings, the area of a garage needs to be increased under the condition of limited volume ratio, and the requirements of other aspects are met. Almost every new building now has basements. The excavation of the foundation pit of the basement belongs to a project with high risk, and a special construction scheme needs to be formulated generally and is demonstrated by experts. The basement foundation pit excavation firstly relates to the security, secondly relates to the engineering quality including engineering pile quality, reduces basement structure fracture, prevents the construction quality of basement infiltration etc.. When the deep foundation pit excavation is carried out on the soft soil foundation, the corresponding specifications and standards of the existing countries and places are strictly executed, wherein the basic principles of layering, step division, terrace type excavation and first support and then excavation are mastered.
When the basement is a first floor and the excavation depth is less than 6m, the soft soil foundation adopts a conventional central island excavation method, namely, a natural terrace is fully utilized as a central island to provide a place for the operation of an earth moving vehicle, and the method is called as a central island excavation method.
When the basement is two-layer and the excavation depth is more than 6m, soft soil is not suitable for being uploaded to more than three levels, the load of a soil transporting vehicle is difficult to bear without being processed, a concrete trestle arrangement scheme is generally adopted in a conventional method, the manufacturing cost is high, and the construction period is long. The invention adopts a secondary central island excavation method, and the construction period of the foundation pit under the earth moving vehicle is shortened to be less than one half. And a pond slag chute is arranged during the construction of the secondary central island, and the foundation pit under the earth moving vehicle is possible to the ground of the secondary central island through comprehensive measures such as sun drying, wind blowing, pond slag filling, paving of a case and the like. The large enough secondary central island field is arranged, so that the driving range of the earth moving vehicle can be ensured to be wide enough, and the excavation progress is accelerated.
The invention obtains good effect through a large amount of engineering practices: the construction period is shortened; the manufacturing cost is saved; the safety of foundation pit excavation is improved; the common quality problems of basement cracking, water seepage and the like are reduced. And remarkable social and economic benefits are generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to adopt a secondary central island excavation method when the excavation depth of the basement foundation is 6m-12m, so that the characteristics of soft soil foundation excavation can be adapted, the excavation progress can be accelerated, the excavation safety can be ensured, and the quality problem of the basement can be reduced. The method for excavating the secondary central island of the deep foundation pit of the soft soil foundation comprises the following steps:
1. the elevation of the first central island is preferably the elevation of a natural terrace, and the elevation of the second central island is about 5m below the natural terrace. The reason why the elevation difference of the secondary central island is about 5m is that: the first excavation of the central island generally adopts three steps, namely three excavators for terrace type soil transfer excavation, wherein the first step is 2m (equivalent to the thickness of a hard shell layer of a soft soil foundation), the second step and the third step are respectively 1.5m in height (which can be properly adjusted according to different soil qualities)
2. When the central island is excavated for the first time, the earth outlet is backfilled to the elevation of the natural terrace, so that the earth transporting vehicle is in the pit, and the position outside the pit and the earth outlet are the same elevation as far as possible when the earth transporting vehicle runs. When the central island is excavated for the second time, the elevation of the soil outlet is the elevation of the designed soil outlet, namely the elevation of the crown beam surface, which is usually 1.5-2m lower than the elevation of the natural terrace, and is beneficial to reducing the height difference and the length of the inclined chute.
3. An inclined chute is arranged between the second central island and the soil outlet, the inclined chute is generally formed by backfilling pond residues or construction wastes, the height difference of the inclined chute is from the elevation of the second central island to the elevation of the soil outlet, and the length of the inclined chute is about 10 times of the height.
4. The areas of the first central island and the second central island are as large as possible, so that the operation site of the earth moving vehicle is as large as possible, and the excavation efficiency is improved.
5. And the soil body of the central island is blown by sunshine and wind for the second time, pond residues are properly filled, a paving foundation box and other measures are taken, so that a soil transport vehicle operation site is formed, and the operation requirement of the soil transport vehicle is met. The chute during the second excavation of the central island mainly takes pond slag and construction waste as main materials, and technical measures such as paving foundation boxes, sun exposure, wind blowing and the like are properly added.
6. Furthermore, the foundation pit excavated by the secondary central island often has more than two supports, and in order to reduce the deformation of the foundation pit, the second support or the third support adopts a process of firstly supporting and then excavating, namely the second support or the third support is excavated by lifting a groove, a brick moulding bed is made, concrete support is poured and tamped, and earthwork below the supporting surface is excavated when the strength of the concrete meets the design requirement.
7. Furthermore, the foundation pit excavated by the secondary central island is usually provided with a row of piles and a supporting structure, a waterproof curtain is arranged between the row of piles, and according to the characteristics of the soft soil foundation and the property of the waterproof curtain, the waterproof curtain is required to meet the anti-uplift requirement according to the depth of the waterproof curtain, namely, the anti-uplift checking calculation is carried out.
8. Further, a foundation pit excavated by the secondary central island is adopted, the secondary central island is excavated, three layers and three steps are divided, terraced field type soil conveying is carried out, soil is excavated to the bottom of the bottom plate cushion layer, and then the cushion layer is timely manufactured in the following four aspects according to the characteristics of the soft soil foundation.
(1) And (3) in the range of 8-10 m around the foundation pit, using 300mm thick plain concrete to timely form a cushion layer, not considering manual soil repair, not considering factors to be chiseled off in the next working procedure of the cushion layer concrete at the position of the bearing platform and not considering the error of digging more or less for a few centimeters, and timely forming the cushion layer to stabilize the deformation of the foundation pit, including reducing the lateral movement of the fender post and the soft soil uplift at the bottom of the pit.
(2) When the pit bottom cushion layer has a height difference (the main building group pile bottom cushion layer often has a height difference with the ground reservoir bottom cushion layer), the cushion layer is made in a wide range of about 5m at the high part, and the bottom part is not excavated within a range of 5m-6m temporarily. After the concrete of the cushion layer at the equal height part reaches a certain strength, the bottom soil body of the bottom part is excavated to the bottom part of the cushion layer, so that the engineering pile at the high part of the cushion layer can be protected from deflection and breakage.
(3) The position of the pit in the pit is that the cushion layer on the periphery is arranged from top to bottom. Namely, firstly completing a foundation bed layer of a warehouse around the pit in the pit, after the strength of the foundation bed layer meets the design requirement, then excavating the foundation bed layer of the pile bearing platform at the pit position in the pit, and finally excavating the foundation bed layer of the pit in the pit.
Because the cushion layer is arranged from top to bottom, the excavation depth of each time is less than the total excavation depth, and the stability of the pit in the pit is facilitated. The influences of soil gushing at the bottom of the pit, sand blasting and the like in the pit can be reduced.
And 9, further, when the secondary central island is adopted for excavation, the bearing platforms around the foundation pit need to excavate the ground beams at intervals, and the construction is carried out in sections. Therefore, the space effect and the time effect of the soil can be fully utilized, and the effects of not increasing the cost and improving the excavation safety of the foundation pit are achieved.
10. Furthermore, when a secondary central island is adopted for excavation on a soft soil foundation, deep level displacement monitoring needs to be added, and the detection control value is an absolute value so as to prevent the ground around the foundation pit and the building from suddenly settling.
11. Furthermore, when the secondary central island is adopted for excavation, the size of a small pit separated by a plane support is limited, when the size of the small pit is smaller, the secondary central island is not suitable for excavation, only the non-central island excavation or the primary central island excavation can be adopted, and then the long-arm excavator is matched for soil conveying. Otherwise, the inclined channel can not be arranged, the earth-moving vehicle is difficult to carry out excavation below the foundation pit, and the secondary central island method is suitable for excavation when the size of the small pit is larger than 50m x 50 m.
12. Further, when secondary central island excavation is adopted, high-position piles adjacent to the periphery of the pit complete the construction of the ground beam bearing platform. When the high-position pile is a hollow pipe pile or a hollow square pile, the hollow pile needs to be inserted with ribs and filled with cores so as to reduce the lateral movement and breakage of the hollow pile.
13. Further, when the excavation depth is larger than 12m and the size of the pit bottom is large enough, the central island is dug for three times, wherein a concrete trestle is arranged from the second central island to the soil outlet.
14. Further, when the excavation depth is larger than 12m and the plane size of the pit is not large enough, the primary central island, the secondary central island, the long-arm excavator, the earth-conveying and pit-taking integrated scheme are adopted for excavation respectively.
15. Further, any deep foundation pit excavation is guaranteed by perfecting pit internal and external drainage, wherein:
(1) when the foundation has a permeable layer, precipitation measures are adopted, precipitation in the pit is taken as a main part, precipitation outside the pit is avoided and reduced as much as possible so as to reduce the influence on the surrounding environment, and an observation well and a watering well are added outside the pit to reduce ground settlement when necessary.
(2) When the foundation has no permeable layer, drainage is dominant, and a closed drainage scheme should be preferred.
(3) The drainage in the soft soil foundation pit comprises the steps of arranging open ditches on the stratum around the edge of the pit, and changing blind ditches before backfilling; under the pit bottom post-pouring belt, a blind ditch is arranged under the waterproof layer; a water collecting well is arranged at the end part of the post-cast strip; the blind ditch adopts a mode of adding a blind pipe, a grid cloth and broken stones; the blind drain and the water collecting well are reserved for a long time by combining municipal design so as to prevent the basement from floating upwards when flood occurs.
16. Furthermore, in order to reduce the influence of water seepage of the basement caused by the cracking of the basement, two flexible waterproof layers are arranged outside the side wall of the basement and at the bottom of the bottom plate, one of the flexible waterproof layers is waterproof paint, the other flexible waterproof layer is waterproof coiled material, and the waterproof coiled material at the bottom of the bottom plate of the basement is preferably bentonite coiled material.
17. Furthermore, when the concrete cracks and seeps water on the bottom plate and the outer side of the basement are found in the construction stage, pressure grouting is used for repairing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general plan view of construction according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a secondary central island excavation according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a blind lower groove of the post-cast strip according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a node diagram of the retaining piles and waterproof curtain according to the first embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 4:
the invention discloses a method for excavating a deep foundation pit of a soft soil foundation, which adopts a secondary central island method for excavating when the excavation depth is 6m-12 m. The invention comprises the following steps: the elevation of the secondary central island is the elevation of a natural terrace and the elevation of the position 5m below the natural ground; the elevation of the soil outlet is the elevation of a natural terrace when the central island is excavated for the first time, the elevation of the soil outlet is the elevation of a crown beam surface when the central island is excavated for the second time, and the earth carrier walks a foundation pit under the inclined way; each time the central island is excavated, the central island is excavated in a layered, stepped and terrace mode; checking calculation of the uplift of the water-stopping curtain; constructing a bearing platform and a ground beam on peripheral high-position piles, and inserting bars into hollow piles for core filling; controlling deep layer displacement and absolute displacement; improving the drainage measures inside and outside the pit; the basement is perfected, and waterproof measures are taken outside the side wall. The invention achieves the aims of ensuring the safety of foundation pit excavation, reducing the quality hidden dangers of basement cracking, water seepage and the like, saving the manufacturing cost and shortening the construction period through a series of technical measures. Thereby improving the social benefit and the economic benefit of foundation pit excavation.
The general construction diagram of the excavation of the soft soil foundation pit in the first embodiment can be seen from fig. 1.
The structure of the secondary central island in the first embodiment can be seen from fig. 2.
In this embodiment, a method for excavating a soft soil foundation pit specifically includes:
1. and deeply and specifically investigating and understanding the environment around the foundation pit according to a geological survey report, an approved enclosure design scheme and a basement construction general plane diagram, and determining a main excavation scheme of the foundation pit as a secondary central island excavation scheme.
2. When peripheral enclosure is the bricklaying enclosure, according to the horizontal distance size behind enclosure limit and the foundation ditch slope of putting, take following technical measure:
(1) when the horizontal distance is less than or equal to 3m, the brick fence is dismantled, and light fences such as color steel plates are changed.
(2) And when the horizontal distance is more than 3m, reinforcing the brick enclosing wall and making an observation point. And (3) strengthening the horizontal displacement and settlement observation of the enclosing wall in the construction, and timely taking technical reinforcement measures according to observation data.
3. When high-position piles are arranged on the periphery of the foundation pit, the high-position pile part close to the range of 12m of the edge of the foundation pit completes construction of a ground beam and a bearing platform, and when the high-position piles on the periphery of the foundation pit are hollow tubular piles or hollow square piles, a design unit is contacted, and technical measures of inserting ribs and filling cores are additionally arranged.
4. The method for perfecting pit external drainage before construction mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) and (5) implementing final drainage outlet paths such as river channels, municipal rainwater pipe networks and the like.
(2) And a third-level sedimentation tank technical measure is adopted, and enough sedimentation tanks are arranged.
(3) A car washing pool is arranged at a proper position outside the soil outlet.
(4) The outer ditch of arranging in pit is given first place to with lieing in nature terrace elevation, changes the drain pipe when escape canal length is greater than 50 m.
(5) A water retaining wall is arranged near the river edge to prevent the river water from flowing backwards.
5. And determining the elevations of the first central island and the second central island.
6. And determining the elevation of the unearthed hole during the first excavation of the central island and the elevation of the unearthed hole during the second excavation of the central island.
7. The construction of the crown beam and the first supporting is finished. And when the strength of the first supporting concrete reaches a design value, carrying out first excavation on the central island.
8. When the central island is excavated for the first time, the soil is transferred by three layers, three steps and three excavators, and the central island is excavated to the second supporting surface and the second central island surface respectively in a terrace type excavation mode.
9. And (3) digging a groove to excavate a second concrete support, making a brick bed film, pouring and tamping the second concrete support, and excavating the central island for the second time when the strength of the second concrete support reaches a designed value, wherein as shown in figure 2, the support pile can adopt a structure of a fender pile and two supports.
10. And constructing a chute during the second excavation of the central island, then dividing the chute into three layers, namely three steps, conveying soil by three excavators, and excavating soil in a terrace mode to the bottom of the bottom plate cushion layer.
11. And (3) preparing a cushion layer in time according to the following four aspects:
(1) and (3) timely manufacturing a bottom plate bottom concrete cushion layer within the range of 8-10 m of the side of the foundation pit, and at the moment, not considering manual soil repair, and not considering factors such as chiseling and removing concrete cushion layers at the positions of a ground beam and a bearing platform in the future.
(2) The bottom plate cushion layer is provided with a high part at a height difference position and is used as a concrete cushion layer in time. And excavating a bottom soil body to the bottom of the bottom part of the bedding layer when the strength of the high-part concrete reaches a design value.
(3) And a concrete cushion layer is timely manufactured at the bottom of the cushion layer of the bottom plate around the pit. And when the strength of the concrete cushion layer b reaches the design strength, the soil is dug to the bottom of the pit bottom plate cushion layer in the pit, and then the concrete cushion layer c of the pit bottom plate in the pit is made.
(4) And a bottom plate bottom cushion layer is timely manufactured under the support.
12. And excavating the bearing platforms at the periphery of the foundation pit at intervals, and excavating the ground beam in sections. The space effect and the time effect of the soil body are fully utilized, the deformation of the foundation pit is reduced, and the safety of the foundation pit is improved.
13. When the waterproof curtain is found not to be subjected to uplift checking calculation, a design unit is contacted in time, uplift checking calculation is increased, and corresponding technical reinforcement measures are taken, wherein the waterproof curtain is located on the periphery of the fender post as shown in fig. 4.
14. Perfecting the pit internal drainage scheme:
(1) and (4) filling the floor around the foundation pit, making an open ditch close to the edge of the pit, and changing the open ditch into a blind ditch before backfilling soil.
(2) Blind ditches are made under the waterproof layer under the post-cast strip, and the structure of the blind ditches under the post-cast strip is shown in figure 3.
(3) The blind ditch adopts a mode of adding blind pipes, grid cloth and broken stones.
(4) And a water collecting well is arranged at the end part of the post-cast strip.
(5) The blind drain and the water collecting well are reserved for a long time.
15. And (3) perfecting a monitoring scheme:
(1) the ambient environment is monitored.
(2) The monitoring key points are as follows: supporting axial force and deep layer displacement.
(3) The monitoring control value is an absolute deformation value.
16. Two flexible waterproof layers are arranged outside the bottom and the side wall of the basement, wherein one flexible waterproof layer is made of waterproof paint, and the other flexible waterproof layer is made of waterproof coiled material. And the bottom of the basement bottom plate is made of bentonite coiled material.
Claims (4)
1. A method for excavating a deep foundation pit on a soft soil foundation comprises the following steps: when the excavation depth is 6m-12m, a secondary central island excavation method is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) when peripheral enclosure is the bricklaying enclosure, according to the horizontal distance size behind enclosure limit and the foundation ditch slope of putting, take following technical measure:
a. when the horizontal distance is less than or equal to 3m, dismantling the brick fence and changing the light fence;
b. when the horizontal distance is larger than 3m, reinforcing the brick enclosing wall, making an observation point, enhancing horizontal displacement and settlement observation of the enclosing wall in construction, and taking technical reinforcing measures in time according to observation data;
(2) constructing a ground beam and a bearing platform adjacent to the high-position pile of the foundation pit, and inserting bars into the hollow pile for core filling;
(3) the first time center island elevation is the elevation of a natural terrace, and the second time center island elevation is the elevation of a position 5m below the natural terrace;
(4) when the central island is excavated for the first time, the elevation of the soil outlet is the elevation of the natural terrace, and when the central island is excavated for the second time, the elevation of the soil outlet is the elevation of the crown beam surface;
(5) carrying out first and second central island excavation by adopting layering, stepped and terrace type excavation;
(6) the second support is firstly supported and then dug;
(7) firstly, making a concrete cushion layer in the following four aspects:
a. firstly, making a concrete cushion layer in the range of 8-10 m around the foundation pit;
b. firstly, making a concrete cushion at the high part of the foundation pit cushion elevation with the height difference;
c. a concrete cushion is firstly made around the pit in the pit, and the concrete cushion is arranged from top to bottom;
the concrete cushion layer (a) is timely manufactured at the bottom of the bottom plate cushion layer on the periphery of the pit in the pit, when the concrete cushion layer (a) reaches the designed strength, soil is dug to the bottom of the pile group bearing platform, the concrete cushion layer (b) at the bottom of the skirt pile bearing platform is manufactured, when the strength of the concrete cushion layer (b) reaches the designed strength, soil is dug to the bottom of the bottom plate cushion layer in the pit, and then the concrete cushion layer (c) of the bottom plate in the pit is manufactured;
d. firstly, making a concrete cushion under the support;
(8) excavating peripheral bearing platforms at intervals, and excavating ground beams in sections;
(9) and perfecting the drainage scheme in the pit.
2. The soft soil foundation deep foundation pit excavation method of claim 1, characterized in that: and (5) checking the uplift of the waterproof curtain.
3. The soft soil foundation deep foundation pit excavation method of claim 1, the in-pit drainage is characterized in that:
(1) after the cushion layer on the periphery in the pit is finished, making an open ditch on the cushion layer, and changing a blind ditch before backfilling;
(2) under the post-cast strip in the pit, a blind ditch is arranged under the waterproof layer, the blind ditch adopts a form of blind pipes, grid cloth and gravels, and a water collecting well is arranged at the end part of the post-cast strip;
(3) the blind drain and the water collecting well are reserved for a long time.
4. The soft soil foundation deep foundation pit excavation method of claim 1, characterized by comprising: two flexible waterproof layers are arranged outside the basement bottom plate and the side wall, one flexible waterproof layer is made of waterproof paint, the other flexible waterproof layer is made of waterproof coiled material, and the basement bottom plate is made of bentonite coiled material.
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| CN111764396A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-13 | 中建一局集团建设发展有限公司 | Construction method for water-rich stratum pit-in-pit |
| CN115387345B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2024-04-05 | 中铁四局集团建筑工程有限公司 | Secondary island construction earthwork excavation method for silt stratum of ultra-large deep foundation pit |
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| CN1982546A (en) * | 2005-12-12 | 2007-06-20 | 上海市第七建筑有限公司 | Direct local skirt border reversing construction for central island |
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