CN110078511A - 一种Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- BLOIXGFLXPCOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ti].[Sn] BLOIXGFLXPCOGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，属于超硬材料工具制备技术领域。本发明所述方法：将单质Ti粉、Al粉、C粉为结合剂原料与金刚石磨料按照一定比例称量混合，烘干，冷压制成坯料；将压坯置于氩气保护反应器，采用微波作为诱发热源引燃自蔓延反应烧结制备Ti3AlC2陶瓷基金刚石钻进工具刀头。本发明利用微波点火来强化自蔓延过程，有利于烧结体内液相元素的快速迁移，加速致密化过程中烧结体内部气体逸出，样品烧结组织均匀，可显著提高Ti3AlC2基金刚石工具刀头的生产效率，获得综合力学性能优良的金刚石工具产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，属于超硬材料工具制备领域。
背景技术
金刚石工具因其具有高效率、高精度、高强度及低环境污染等优势而被广泛应用于钻探领域，其工作层复合材料通常采用金属、陶瓷及树脂等作为结合剂，经与金刚石磨料混合后高温烧结而成，其中陶瓷材料是制备金刚石磨具结合剂的主要类别。
目前常用的陶瓷基结合剂多以氧化物、玻璃或微晶等作为主要组元，在加入大量碱性物料后烧结得到结合剂，出现基体与金刚石间热膨胀系数匹配性差、基体脆性大、金刚石磨料把持力不足等问题，造成刀头在服役过程中金刚石脱落过快，在使用过程中容易发生脆裂现象，从而影响磨具磨削特性。此外，陶瓷导热性能差，磨削区域局部温度高，使磨粒容易热损耗缩短了工具的使用寿命。
可见传统的氧化物基陶瓷的固有缺陷限制了陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具材料的选择范围，要突破现有陶瓷结合剂金刚石材料性能，最可行的策略是采用新型陶瓷材料替换现有结合剂种类。近年来以Ti3AlC2为代表的MAX相金属陶瓷结合剂，兼具金属和陶瓷的优点，具有抗热震性强、导热性好、强韧性匹配易调控等优点，克服了传统陶瓷材料作为结合剂的固有缺陷，已成为金刚石磨具开发的研究热点。
Ti3AlC2基金属陶瓷结合剂通常采用热压或放电等离子体烧结。专利ZL201210243897.1提出一种锡碳化钛结合剂金刚石复合材料的热压烧结方法，采用100℃/min速率升温，在800~1000℃和20~50Mpa下保温15~30 分钟烧结得到样品，但该方法存在烧结能耗高、石墨模具消耗严重、样品尺寸受限等问题。Ching等采用放电等离子体烧结制备得到多种MAX相金属陶瓷，但该方法存在设备投资大、尺寸适应性和批量生产受限等问题。自蔓延烧结具有能耗低、样品适应性好、反应速度快等优点，是制备Ti3AlC2基金属陶瓷结合剂的可行方法。Liang等探索了自蔓延烧结制备钛硅碳、钛锡碳基体的方法，但由于传统的自蔓延反应点火方式通常为外部加热，使得内部气体逸出过程受阻，导致基体中存在大量随机分布的大孔结构，降低了金刚石工具的服役性能。
微波作为一种新型的外场强化手段，具有选择性加热、内部整体加热和能量原位转化等特点，将微波能用作粉末冶金的热源，在自蔓延反应速率控制和组织结构均匀化等方面具有明显优势，处理对象具有广泛的适应性。目前采用微波强化自蔓延反应制备Ti3AlC2金属陶瓷，尤其在制备Ti3AlC2结合剂金刚石刀头领域尚未见报道。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题及不足，本发明提供一种Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，将单质Ti粉、Al粉、C粉为结合剂原料与金刚石按照一定比例称量混合，烘干，压制成坯料；将微波能作为诱发热源，依靠微波强化自蔓延烧结制备Ti3AlC2陶瓷基金刚石钻头刀头，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）按按照摩尔比Ti : Al : C=2.9-3.1 : 1 : 1.9-2.1的比例称取Ti粉、Al粉及C粉，混合均匀后，备用；
（2）将步骤（1）所得混合粉末与金刚石颗粒进行混合，得到所需混合料，混合料中金刚石颗粒的体积百分数为10-30%；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的混合料填入冷压模具中，将其压制成型，得到冷压生坯；
（4）将步骤（3）中所得的冷压生坯装入氩气保护的微波无压烧结炉中，利用微波能为热源引燃冷压坯并发生自蔓延烧结反应，微波维持时间40-60s，得到Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石刀头。
优选的，本发明所述Ti粉、Al粉和C粉的粒度均为200-400目。
优选的，本发明步骤（1）中混粉方式为球磨，球磨时间为6-10h。
优选的，本发明步骤（3）中冷压的压力为10-30MPa。
优选的，本发明所述微波的频率为2450MHz，微波功率3-5kW，辐照时间6-15 s。
本发明的有益效果为：
（1）本发明利用微波作为整体热源，诱发自蔓延烧结反应获得服役性能优良的金刚石钻进工具刀头，微波对烧结过程的强化，有利于液相元素的迁移实现金刚石工具的致密化，提高基体对金刚石的把持力，可有效降低金刚石在服役过程中的脱落率，缩短工艺流程，降低生产成本。
（2）相比TiC等高熔点陶瓷，本发明采用熔点较低、性能优良的Ti3AlC2 材料作结合剂，通过优化制备工艺，将Ti3AlC2结合剂金刚石钻头刀头的烧结温度降低至1000℃以下，为Ti3AlC2结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头制备提供了一种全新的烧结方法，在实际工业生产中具有广泛的应用前景。
（3）Ti3AlC2结合剂密度较低、熔点高，具有优良的导热性及冲击韧性，结合剂中的Ti可与金刚石发生化学反应生成TiC过渡层，从而使结合剂与金刚石磨料间具有良好的化学键结合，可提高基体对金刚石磨料的把持力，有效增强金刚石工具的抗弯强度和使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1
一种Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，选用粒度为300目的Ti粉、Al粉及C粉，按照摩尔比为Ti : Al : C=3 : 1 : 2的比例称取，在球磨机中充分混合5h，得到混合均匀的粉料；在所得粉料加入体积百分数为10%的金刚石颗粒，混合1h，得到配方料；将配方料填入冷压模具，利用冷压机压制成型，冷压压力控制在10MPa，得到尺寸为55×10×10 mm的冷压压坯；所得冷压坯装入氩气保护的微波无压烧结炉中，利用2450MHz微波能为热源，微波功率3kW，辐照时间6s，引燃冷压坯并发生自蔓延烧结反应，微波维持时间40s，得到Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石刀头，其相对密度为96.89%，横向断裂强度为895.24MPa。
实施例2
一种Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，选用粒度为300目的Ti粉、Al粉及C粉，按照摩尔比为Ti : Al : C=2.9 : 1 : 2.1的比例称取，在球磨机中充分混合6h，得到混合均匀的粉料；在所得粉料加入体积百分数为20%的金刚石颗粒，混合2h，得到配方料；将配方料填入冷压模具，利用冷压机压制成型，冷压压力控制在20MPa，得到尺寸为55×10×10 mm的冷压压坯；所得冷压坯装入氩气保护的微波无压烧结炉中，利用2450MHz微波能为热源，微波功率4kW，辐照时间10s，引燃冷压坯并发生自蔓延烧结反应，微波维持时间50s，得到Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石刀头，其相对密度为98.27%，横向断裂强度为923.67MPa。
实施例3
一种Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，选用粒度为300目的Ti粉、Al粉及C粉，按照摩尔比为Ti : Al : C=3.1 : 1 : 1.9的比例称取，在球磨机中充分混合7h，得到混合均匀的粉料；在所得粉料加入体积百分数为30%的金刚石颗粒，混合3h，得到配方料；将配方料填入冷压模具，利用冷压机压制成型，冷压压力控制在30MPa，得到尺寸为55×10×10 mm的冷压压坯；所得冷压坯装入氩气保护的微波无压烧结炉中，利用2450MHz微波能为热源，微波功率5kW，辐照时间15s，引燃冷压坯并发生自蔓延烧结反应，微波维持时间60s，得到Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石刀头，其相对密度为97.15%，横向断裂强度为913.64MPa。
上面对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种改变。
Claims (5)
1.一种Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
（1）按按照摩尔比Ti : Al : C=2.9-3.1 : 1 : 1.9-2.1的比例称取Ti粉、Al粉及C粉，混合均匀后，备用；
（2）将步骤（1）所得混合粉末与金刚石颗粒进行混合，得到所需混合料，混合料中金刚石颗粒的体积百分数为10-30%；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的混合料填入冷压模具中，将其压制成型，得到冷压生坯；
（4）将步骤（3）中所得的冷压生坯装入氩气保护的微波无压烧结炉中，利用微波能为热源引燃冷压坯并发生自蔓延烧结反应，微波维持时间40-60s，得到Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石刀头。
2.根据权利要求1所述Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，其特征在于：Ti粉、Al粉和C粉的粒度均为200-400目。
3.根据权利要求1所述Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中混粉方式为球磨，球磨时间为6-10h。
4.根据权利要求1所述Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（3）中冷压的压力为10-30MPa。
5.根据权利要求1所述Ti3AlC2基陶瓷结合剂金刚石钻进工具刀头的制备方法，其特征在于：微波的频率为2450MHz，微波功率3-5kW，辐照时间6-15 s。
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