CN110077601A - Supercooled water drop icing detector and mixed icing detector - Google Patents
Supercooled water drop icing detector and mixed icing detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN110077601A CN110077601A CN201910404266.5A CN201910404266A CN110077601A CN 110077601 A CN110077601 A CN 110077601A CN 201910404266 A CN201910404266 A CN 201910404266A CN 110077601 A CN110077601 A CN 110077601A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 122
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/20—Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a supercooled water droplet icing detector which comprises a supercooled water droplet icing probe and a controller. The supercooled water droplet icing probe comprises a windward surface and an opposite leeward surface on one side, and comprises a first rod body and a second rod body; the first and second photoelectric sensors are arranged at two ends or one end of the first and second rod bodies, and form a first and second light path at the windward side and spaced from the surfaces of the first and second rod bodies for monitoring the icing formed on the surfaces of the first and second rod bodies. The controller judges whether the supercooled water drop icing condition exists or not according to the first photoelectric sensor and the change of the electric signals fed back by the first photoelectric sensor. The diameter of the first rod body is larger than that of the second rod body, the first rod body is used for forming a large supercooled water drop icing probe, the second rod body is used for forming a conventional supercooled water drop icing probe, and the first rod body is connected with the second rod body. The invention has the advantages of simple structure and high reliability, and the probe part and the controller are separately arranged, thereby enlarging the installation and use range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of super-cooling waterdrop icing field, especially a kind of detection aircraft whether there is subcooled water in the sky
Drip the super-cooling waterdrop icing detector of ice-formation condition.It whether there is ice crystal in the sky the invention further relates to a kind of detection aircraft to freeze
The mixed state icing detector of condition and super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition.
Background technique
The ice-formation condition that aircraft flight suffers from the sky includes that 14 CFR of seaworthiness clause, 25 appendix Cs are routinely subcooled
Water droplet ice-formation condition (drop diameter≤50um), (50 μm of < water droplets are straight for the 14 big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation conditions of the annex O of CFR 25
500 μm of diameter <, referred to as freezing drizzle；Drop diameter >=500 μm, referred to as sleet) and 14 CFR, 33 Appendix D ice crystal icing items
Part.Appendix C routine super-cooling waterdrop and the big super-cooling waterdrop of annex O are referred to as super-cooling waterdrop by the present invention.In ice-formation condition, simultaneously
Contain super-cooling waterdrop and ice crystal icing conditions, referred to as mixed state ice-formation condition.
Icing detection can enter ice-formation condition in early detection to aircraft, issue icing warning information, prompt pilot
Corresponding actions are taken in time, are a corrective measures for ensureing flight safety.
Super-cooling waterdrop causes aircraft aerodynamic surface (leading edge of a wing, nacelle leading edge etc.) to freeze, and aircraft is caused to grasp steady quality drop
Grade, flying quality loss and Flight Safety Margin decline.The detector for detecting super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition, which commonly referred to as freezes, to be visited
Survey device or and ice formation condition detector.
Ice crystal icing conditions are present in the peripheral region of high-altitude Convective Storms, and cannot be by the meteorological radar sounding of aircraft
It arrives, when aircraft enters ice crystal icing conditions, ice crystal is repelled in the airframe and engine surface of low temperature not will cause body
It freezes, but is able to enter engine interior, with the rising of temperature, melt on compressor blade and generate icing, lead to leaf
The blade tip warpage of piece and tearing, and then motor power is caused to lose, the accidents such as surge, stall, flame-out occur；And ice crystal can
Pitot tube and total temperature probe probe can be blocked, causes height and temperature data abnormal, jeopardizes flight safety.Ice crystal is detected to freeze
The detector of condition is commonly referred to as ice crystal detector or ice pellets detector.
In recent years, big super-cooling waterdrop and ice crystal icing conditions result in several air crash accidents, gradually aiMonhiness authority are caused to be closed
Note has issued 33 Appendix D ice crystal icing conditions law rule of the big super-cooling waterdrop of 14 CFR, 25 annex O and 14 CFR successively
Chapter, for improving flight safety measure.But currently, not thering is also super-cooling waterdrop, ice crystal icing conditions or mixed state ice-formation condition to visit
Device practical application is surveyed in the case of aircraft.
US7,104,502 disclose a kind of icing detector with cylindrical type magnetostriction probe, when super-cooling waterdrop is hit
It hits on probe, as icing quality increases the decline of probe vibration frequency, issues icing signal after being reduced to threshold values, can not detect
Ice crystal icing conditions.
Patent US 7,014,357 discloses a kind of ice formation condition detector, is passed in probe by two dry and wet platinum resistance temperatures
Sensor constitutes an electric bridge, and super-cooling waterdrop concentration different voltages difference is different, and voltage change to threshold values issues icing signal.Ice crystal with
High-speed flow passes through sensor, will not freeze on temperature sensor, can not detect ice crystal icing conditions.
Patent US 7,845,221 discloses a kind of ice crystal detection device, is made of two conical tubes arranged side by side, one
The constant heating of conical tube, a conical tube do not heat, and two pressure sensors measure the calculation of pressure pressure difference of the two, ice crystal respectively
It strikes the latter's conical tube and blocks the conical tube, pressure difference changes to threshold value, issues alarm.Shortcoming, two conical tubes
Construction, structure is complicated, and electric power consumption is big.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of super-cooling waterdrop icing detectors, including at least one mistake
Cold water drop, which freezes, pops one's head in and at least one controller.Each super-cooling waterdrop freeze probe include side windward side and with windward
The opposite leeward in face, and include:
First body of rod that extends along first axis and along the second second axially extending body of rod,
Detection device, detection device include,
Be mounted on the first photoelectric sensor of the first body of rod both ends or one end, the first photoelectric sensor windward side formed with
First optical path on the first body of rod surface interval, for monitoring the icing being formed on the first body of rod surface, and
Be mounted on the second photoelectric sensor of the second body of rod both ends or one end, the second photoelectric sensor windward side formed with
Second optical path on the second body of rod surface interval, for monitoring the icing being formed on the second body of rod surface.
Each controller is connected with detection device, and controller is according to the first photoelectric sensor and the first photoelectric sensor
The change in electric of feedback judges whether there is super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition.
Wherein, the diameter of first body of rod is greater than the diameter of second body of rod, and first body of rod freezes for constituting big super-cooling waterdrop
Probe, second body of rod are popped one's head in for constituting conventional super-cooling waterdrop icing, and, first body of rod is connected with second body of rod.
Preferably, first body of rod and second body of rod are respectively cylindrical body, the model of the diameter of first body of rod in 18mm-25mm
It encloses, the range of the diameter of second body of rod in 4mm-8mm.
Preferably, icing detector further includes longitudinal support member for extending and being popped one's head in supporting super-cooling waterdrop to freeze, freeze
Probe further includes that the first rectifier cell of the first body of rod both ends or one end is arranged in and the second body of rod both ends or one end are arranged in
Second rectifier cell.
Preferably, the first rectifier cell has first chamber and the first transparent cavity, the second rectifier cell has the second chamber
Room and the second transparent cavity, the first photoelectric sensor are located in the first chamber of the first transparent cavity, the second photoelectric sensor position
In the second chamber of the second transparent cavity.
Preferably, the first rectifier cell and the second rectifier cell are axisymmetric cylinder.
Preferably, the first photoelectric sensor and the second photoelectric sensor are that miniature visual sensor or optical fiber image sense
Device；Icing detector obtains the fisrt feature parameter that the big super-cooling waterdrop on first body of rod freezes by the first photoelectric sensor,
Fisrt feature parameter is the shape area and first body of rod that the first icing image of edge detection acquisition is carried out by the first optical path
The area ratio in section；Icing detector obtains what the conventional super-cooling waterdrop on second body of rod froze by the second photoelectric sensor
Second feature parameter, second feature parameter are the external surface that the second icing image of edge detection acquisition is carried out by the second optical path
The long-pending area ratio with the second body of rod section.
Preferably, controller is the first given threshold of fisrt feature parameter setting, set for second feature parameter setting second
Determine threshold value, controller has following logic:
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image meets the second given threshold, the fisrt feature ginseng of the first icing image
Number does not meet the first given threshold, then excitation detects conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal；
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image meets the second given threshold, the fisrt feature ginseng of the first icing image
Number meets the first given threshold, then excitation detects super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal；
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image does not meet the second given threshold, the fisrt feature of the first icing image
Parameter meets the first given threshold, then excitation detects big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal；
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image does not meet the second given threshold, the fisrt feature of the first icing image
Parameter does not meet the first given threshold, then does not excite above-mentioned any signal.
Preferably, first body of rod, second body of rod, the first rectifier cell and the second rectifier cell are respectively arranged with heating dress
It sets.
Preferably, first body of rod and second body of rod are connected with each other with longitudinally extending, the first body of rod bottom end is fixed and supported
On support member top, the second rectifier cell of first rectifier cell on the first body of rod top and the second body of rod bottom end shares same
A rectifier cell, or both be the same rectifier cell.
It preferably, support member, first body of rod and second body of rod are formed as one, and is the hollow structure of connection to be formed
Airflow channel, for the air inlet of airflow channel in the windward side of support member, the exhaust outlet of airflow channel is being located at second body of rod
The leeward of second rectifier cell on top.
The present invention also provides a kind of mixed state icing detectors, including at least one ice crystal to collect probe and above-mentioned technical side
The super-cooling waterdrop icing detector of case, wherein it includes identical one with super-cooling waterdrop icing probe that each ice crystal, which collects probe,
The windward side of side and the leeward opposite with windward side, and include:
The third body of rod axially extending along third,
It is arranged in the third body of rod, positioned at the windward side groove axially extending along the third of the third body of rod, groove includes opening
Mouth and bottom, bottom are used to gather ice crystal,
Detection device, detection device include the third photoelectric sensor for being mounted on third body of rod both ends or one end, third light
Electric transducer is formed in a groove and the third optical path of the bottom interval of groove, for monitoring the ice accumulated on the bottom of groove
Brilliant (9).
Controller is connected with third photoelectric sensor, and controller becomes according to the electric signal of third photo-sensor feedback
Change, judges whether there is ice crystal icing conditions；First body of rod, second body of rod and the Y-shaped arrangement of the third body of rod, each other
Angle is 120 °, and the bottom end of first body of rod, second body of rod and the third body of rod fixes and supports on support member top.
Preferably, icing detector is the icing detector in above-mentioned technical proposal, support member also supports ice crystal to collect
Probe, so that the bottom end of first body of rod, second body of rod and the third body of rod is respectively supported in support member, the third body of rod is cylinder
Body, it further includes the third rectifier cell that third body of rod both ends or one end are arranged in that ice crystal, which collects probe,.
Preferably, icing detector is the icing detector of above-mentioned technical proposal, third rectifier cell has third chamber
With the transparent cavity of third, third photoelectric sensor is located in the third chamber of the transparent cavity of third.
Preferably, icing detector is the icing detector in above-mentioned technical proposal, third rectifier cell is axisymmetric
Cylinder.
Preferably, icing detector is the icing detector in above-mentioned technical proposal, third photoelectric sensor and the first light
Electric transducer is identical；Ice crystal collects the ice crystal that probe is accumulated in by the acquisition of third photoelectric sensor in the groove of the third body of rod
(9) third feature parameter, third feature parameter are the third ice crystal image that edge detection acquisition is carried out by third optical path
The area ratio of shape area and third body of rod section.
Preferably, icing detector is the icing detector in above-mentioned technical proposal, controller is that third feature parameter is set
Determine third given threshold, the logic of controller further includes following logic:
Conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is being detected, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image meets
Third given threshold, then excitation detects the mixed signal of conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition and ice crystal icing conditions；
Super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is being detected, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image meets third
Given threshold, then excitation detects the mixed signal of super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition and ice crystal icing conditions；
Detecting big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image meets the
Three given thresholds, then excitation detects the mixed signal of big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition and ice crystal icing conditions；
Super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is not detected, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image meets third
Given threshold, then excitation detects the signal of ice crystal condition；
Super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is not detected, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image does not meet the
Three given thresholds do not excite above-mentioned any signal then.
The identical heating device of popping one's head in preferably, the third body of rod and the setting of third rectifier cell and super-cooling waterdrop freeze.
It is of the invention total the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention has detection normal using the cylindrical probe that freezes of two typical sizes (diameter) in conjunction with visual sensor
Both advise super-cooling waterdrop and big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition, and can distinguish.The invention has structure type simple, high reliablity
The advantages that, be easy to fly on mounting arrangements.
Can be separately positioned with controller by probe segment in this programme, expand installation and use scope.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic isometric views of super-cooling waterdrop icing detector, and it illustrates according to an aspect of the present invention
Embodiment, arrow direction is airflow direction in figure；
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of the super-cooling waterdrop icing probe of super-cooling waterdrop icing detector shown in FIG. 1, is shown
The structure of airflow channel formed therein；
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged view of super-cooling waterdrop icing detector shown in Fig. 1, and it illustrates rectifier cells and photoelectric sensing
The arrangement of device；
Fig. 4 is cross-sectional view, and it illustrates the shock tracks of super-cooling waterdrop according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 is cross-sectional view, and that schematically shows the icing shaped wheels under conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition
It is wide；
Fig. 6 is analogous to the cross-sectional view of Fig. 5, and that schematically shows the knots under big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition
Ice shape contour；
Fig. 7 is the schematic isometric views of mixed state icing detector, and it illustrates according to another aspect of the present invention
Embodiment；
Fig. 8 is the formal figure of mixed state icing detector shown in Fig. 7 and the cross-sectional view of multiple cross sections, these cross-sectional views
It is intercepted respectively in first body of rod, second body of rod and the third body of rod；
Fig. 9 is that the ice crystal of mixed state icing detector shown in Fig. 7 collects the longitudinal sectional view of probe.
Above-mentioned attached drawing is only schematical, does not draw in strict accordance with ratio.
List of the appended drawing reference in technical solution and embodiment in figure:
Mixed state icing detector includes that super-cooling waterdrop icing detector and ice crystal collect probe, is specifically included:
1- ice crystal collects probe, comprising:
The 11- third body of rod,
12- ice crystal windward side,
13- ice crystal leeward,
14- groove, comprising:
15- opening,
The bottom 16-；
Super-cooling waterdrop icing detector includes:
2- support member；
3- controller；
4- ring flange；
5- arrow；
It further includes detection device that ice crystal, which collects probe, and detection device includes:
6- third photoelectric sensor,
7- third rectifier cell,
The third optical path of 8- detection；And
Super-cooling waterdrop icing detector further include:
1a- super-cooling waterdrop, which freezes, pops one's head in, comprising:
10- airflow channel, comprising:
10a- air inlet,
10b- exhaust outlet,
Air-flow in A- airflow channel；
First body of rod of 11a-,
Second body of rod of 11b-,
12a- icing windward side,
13a- icing leeward,
The first photoelectric sensor of 6a-,
The second photoelectric sensor of 6b-,
The first rectifier cell of 7a-,
The second rectifier cell of 7b-.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that it is former more clearly to connect invention of the invention
Reason and beneficial technical effect.
Term explanation used herein:
Ice crystal, icing windward side: in face of the one side of air-flow；
Ice crystal, icing leeward: it is opposite with windward side, back to the one side of air-flow；
It is longitudinal: to refer to the mounting surface of the installation detector according to the present invention basically perpendicular to body；
Laterally: referring to the mounting surface for being basically parallel to the installation detector according to the present invention of body；
Bottom end: close to one end of the support member of detector；
Top: one end of the support member far from detector；
Slightly higher than freezing point temperature: ice crystal still is able to the temperature to freeze after being collected into detector.
Super-cooling waterdrop icing detector
According to an aspect of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of detection aircraft whether there is in the sky
The super-cooling waterdrop icing detector of cold water drop ice-formation condition.The super-cooling waterdrop icing detector includes at least one super-cooling waterdrop knot
Ice probe 1a and at least one controller 3.Each super-cooling waterdrop freeze probe 1a include side icing windward side 12a and with
Icing windward side 12a opposite icing leeward 13a.Super-cooling waterdrop icing probe 1a includes: first extended along first axis
Body of rod 11a and along second the second axially extending body of rod 11b；It is mounted on the first photoelectric transfer of the first both ends or one end body of rod 11a
Sensor 6a, the first photoelectric sensor 6a form the first optical path with the first surface body of rod 11a interval in icing windward side 12a, the
One optical path is formed between the both ends of the first body of rod 11a, for monitoring the icing being formed on the first surface body of rod 11a；And
It is mounted on the second photoelectric sensor 6b of the second both ends or one end body of rod 11b, the second photoelectric sensor 6b is in icing windward side 12a
The second optical path with the second surface body of rod 11b interval is formed, the second optical path is formed between the both ends of the second body of rod 11b, is used for
Monitor the icing being formed on the second surface body of rod 11b.
Each controller 3 is connected with detection device, and controller 3 is according to the first photoelectric sensor 6a and the first photoelectric transfer
The change in electric of sensor 6a feedback is to determine whether there are super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation conditions.
The diameter of first body of rod 11a is greater than the diameter of the second body of rod 11b, and the first body of rod 11a is for constituting big super-cooling waterdrop
Freeze probe, and the second body of rod 11b is for constituting conventional super-cooling waterdrop icing probe, and the first body of rod 11a and the second body of rod 11b
It is connected.Preferably, the first body of rod 11a and the second body of rod 11b are respectively cylindrical body, the diameter of the first body of rod 11a is in 18mm-25mm
Range, the range of the diameter of the second body of rod 11b in 4mm-8mm.
Since the first body of rod 11a and the second body of rod 11b is axisymmetric cylindrical body, it is able to maintain the flow field on the body of rod surely
Determine and be evenly distributed with along axial, the yaw angle of aircraft and the change of the angle of attack influence very little to the icing performance of cylindrical body.
Second body of rod 11b is the cylindrical body that diameter is 5mm-8mm, when drop diameter is smaller with respect to cylinder diameter (that is,
Conventional super-cooling waterdrop), the collection efficiency of conventional super-cooling waterdrop is very big, can reach 0.9 or more, as shown in the following figure in Fig. 5.
And when increasing with drop diameter as big super-cooling waterdrop, the splashing of big super-cooling waterdrop, broken, overflow should enhance, and water is received
Collection coefficient is remarkably decreased, and causes cylindrical body delay to freeze or can not freeze, even if freezing, icing position is located at cylindrical body
The a small range of icing leeward 13a, as shown in the following figure in Fig. 6.
First body of rod 11a is the cylindrical body that diameter is 18mm-25mm, when the difference of drop diameter and cylinder diameter is larger
When, the zone of positive pressure range of the icing windward side 12a of cylindrical body is larger, and conventional super-cooling waterdrop follows air-flow to flow around cylindrical body,
The usual very little of collection efficiency, 0.3 hereinafter, as shown in the upper figure in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.And as drop diameter increases, become big
When super-cooling waterdrop, big super-cooling waterdrop inertia is big, and followability is small, and collection efficiency is usually very big, 0.9 or more, for being subcooled greatly
The splashing of water droplet, broken, extraction effect, which has enough surfaces to freeze, as shown in the upper figure of Fig. 4 and Fig. 6.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, icing detector further includes longitudinal support portion extended to support super-cooling waterdrop icing probe 1a
Part 2, super-cooling waterdrop freeze probe 1a including the first rectifier cell 7a and setting at the first both ends body of rod 11a (or one end) is arranged
The second rectifier cell 7b at the second both ends body of rod 11b (or one end).First rectifier cell 7a and the second rectifier cell 7b is axis
Symmetrical cylinder.In this way, rectifier cell can further decrease, aircraft breaks away and the change of the angle of attack is to icing detecting head surface flow field
Influence, to be conducive to freeze.
Preferably, the first rectifier cell 7a has first chamber and the first transparent cavity, the second rectifier cell 7b has the
Two chambers and the second transparent cavity, the first photoelectric sensor 6a are located in the first chamber of the first transparent cavity, the second photoelectric transfer
Sensor 6b is located in the second chamber of the second transparent cavity.The first photoelectric sensor 6a and the second photoelectric sensor 6b points as a result,
Do not transmit emergent ray from the first rectifier cell 7a and the second rectifier cell 7b, with the top of the first body of rod 11a and bottom end it
Between form the first optical path, form the second optical path between the top and low side of the second body of rod 11b.
Fig. 3 shows one embodiment of photoelectric sensor.For the first body of rod 11a being relatively large in diameter, it can be set three
A photoelectric sensor.Same way, it is also possible to which the photoelectric sensor of other quantity is arranged.For the second body of rod 11b, photoelectric sensor
Quantity can also carry out quantitative selection.Rectifier cell is integrated in it while rectified action, by three photoelectric sensors
In, thus effectively avoids the interference between photoelectric sensor.
In addition, the first body of rod 11a, the second body of rod 11b, the first rectifier cell 7a and the second rectifier cell 7b are respectively arranged with
Heating device.The heating device of rectifier cell is for keeping the surface of transparent cavity not freeze.When controller 3 excites icing signal
Afterwards, heating device starts deicing, in order to carry out next round icing-detection-heat cycles.
In a preferred embodiment, the first photoelectric sensor 6a and the second photoelectric sensor 6b be miniature visual sensor or
Optical fibre image sensor；Icing detector obtains the big super-cooling waterdrop knot on the first body of rod 11a by the first photoelectric sensor 6a
The fisrt feature parameter of ice, fisrt feature parameter be pass through the first optical path carry out edge detection acquisition the first icing image it is outer
The area ratio of shape area and the first section body of rod 11a；Icing detector obtains second body of rod by the second photoelectric sensor 6b
The second feature parameter that conventional super-cooling waterdrop on 11b freezes, second feature parameter are to carry out edge detection by the second optical path
The shape area of the second icing image obtained and the area ratio in the second section body of rod 11b.
In this way, carrying out edge detection acquisition icing image appearance progress area comparison by freezing to super-cooling waterdrop, it is not required to
Icing picture material is paid close attention to, the difference that concern aircraft breaks away with icing position on cylindrical body when angle of attack change is not needed yet, by
This considerably reduces image data amount, and visual sensor and image processing speed are fast.
With the relative size variation between super-cooling waterdrop diameter and cylinder diameter, super-cooling waterdrop hits track and has this
The change of matter, as shown in figure 4, icing shape also has the change of essence, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.It is frozen by obtaining super-cooling waterdrop
Shape contour, obtain the cross-sectional area that the super-cooling waterdrop freezes, then make comparisons with the cross-sectional area of the corresponding body of rod, define
The characteristic parameter that the super-cooling waterdrop freezes out.
The first given threshold and the second setting is set separately for fisrt feature parameter and second feature parameter in controller 3
Threshold value.Controller 3 has following logic:
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image meets the second given threshold, the fisrt feature ginseng of the first icing image
Number does not meet the first given threshold, then excitation detects the signal of conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition；
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image meets the second given threshold, the fisrt feature ginseng of the first icing image
Number meets the first given threshold, then excitation detects the signal of super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition；
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image does not meet the second given threshold, the fisrt feature of the first icing image
Parameter meets the first given threshold, then excitation detects the signal of big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition；
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image does not meet the second given threshold, the fisrt feature of the first icing image
Parameter does not meet the first given threshold, then does not excite above-mentioned any signal.
Further, as shown in Figure 1, the first body of rod 11a and the second body of rod 11b are connected with each other with longitudinally extending, the first bar
The bottom end body 11a fixes and supports on 2 top of support member, the first rectifier cell 7a and the second bar on the first top body of rod 11a
Second rectifier cell 7b of the bottom end body 11b shares the same rectifier cell, or is the same rectifier cell.
It as shown in Fig. 2, support member 2, the first body of rod 11a and the second body of rod 11b are formed as one, and is the hollow of connection
Structure, to form airflow channel 10 wherein, the air inlet 10a of airflow channel 10 support member 2 icing windward side 12a,
Icing leeward 13a of the exhaust outlet 10b of airflow channel 10 in the second rectifier cell 7b on the top positioned at the second body of rod 11b.
Air-flow A enters the support member 2 of hollow cavity from the air inlet 10a in the icing windward side 12a of support member 2,
By the first body of rod 11a of hollow cavity and the second body of rod 11b of hollow cavity, then carried on the back from the icing of the second rectifier cell 7b
The exhaust outlet 10b of wind face 13a is discharged, and air-flow A accelerates flowing in airflow channel 10.1) airflow channel 10 has the advantages that
Since 12 outer surface of ice crystal windward side is influenced by Aerodynamic Heating, hull-skin temperature rises, unfavorable icing, and airflow channel 10
In internal gas flow accelerate around local temperature reduce and pass through heat transfer and have cooling effect to outer surface, to be conducive to tie
Ice；2) after super-cooling waterdrop icing detector issues icing signal, heating device deicing, the inside gas in airflow channel 10 will be started
Stream, which accelerates the local temperature of surrounding to reduce and pass through heat transfer, has cooling effect to outer surface, and such case is conducive to deicing.
Mixed state icing detector
Another invention according to the present invention is collected in conjunction with ice crystal and is popped one's head on the basis of super-cooling waterdrop icing detector
1, mixed state icing detector is formed, for example, as shown in Figure 7.
Fig. 7 and 8 shows a kind of mixed state icing detector comprising ice crystal collects probe 1 and super-cooling waterdrop freezes and visits
Device is surveyed, super-cooling waterdrop icing detector is substantially identical as super-cooling waterdrop icing detector shown in Fig. 1-6, but its first bar
It is different that body 11a and the second body of rod 11b fixes and supports the mode in support member 2, shown in following description omission and Fig. 1-6
The identical part of super-cooling waterdrop icing detector.
It includes the ice crystal windward side 12 and and ice in side identical with super-cooling waterdrop icing probe 1a that ice crystal, which collects probe 1,
The opposite ice crystal leeward 13 in brilliant windward side 12.It includes the third body of rod 11, groove 14 and third photoelectric sensing that ice crystal, which collects probe 1,
Device 6.The third body of rod 11 is axially extending along third；Groove 14 is arranged in the third body of rod 11, is located at ice crystal windward side 12 along third
The third of the body of rod 11 is axially extending, and groove 14 includes opening 15 and bottom 16, and bottom 16 is for gathering ice crystal 9；Third photoelectric transfer
Sensor 6 is mounted on 11 both ends or one end of the third body of rod, and third photoelectric sensor 6 is formed and the bottom 16 of groove 14 within grooves 14
The third optical path 8 at interval, for monitoring the ice crystal 9 on the bottom 16 for accumulating in groove 14.
Controller 3 is connected with third photoelectric sensor 6, and the telecommunications that controller 3 is fed back according to third photoelectric sensor 6
Number change to determine whether there are ice crystal icing conditions.
First body of rod 11a, the second body of rod 11b and the Y-shaped arrangement of the third body of rod 11, angle each other are 120 °,
The bottom end of first body of rod 11a, the second body of rod 11b and the third body of rod 11 fix and support on 2 top of support member.
Fig. 9 shows the specific structure that ice crystal collects probe 1, which is the axis that ice crystal shown in Fig. 7 collects probe 1
To sectional view.
As shown in fig. 7, support member 2 be also possible to it is non-cylindrical, in order to also support ice crystal collect probe 1 so that
The bottom end of first body of rod 11a, the second body of rod 11b and the third body of rod 11 are respectively supported in support member 2.Super-cooling waterdrop, which freezes, to be visited
Head 1a and ice crystal collect probe 1 and stretch out the boundary-layer and mistake that installation ice crystal collects the installed position of probe 1 by support member 2
Cold droplet shadowed zone.According to boundary-layer and super-cooling waterdrop shielded area, the height of support member 2 is adjusted.Height can be used in support member 2
Strength materials support, to overcome aerodynamic drag to influence.
Freezing with super-cooling waterdrop, probe the first body of rod 11a and the second body of rod 11b of 1a are identical, and the third body of rod 11 is also cylinder
Body, it also includes the third rectifier cell 7 that 11 both ends or one end of the third body of rod are arranged in that ice crystal, which collects probe 1,.Third rectifier cell 7
It is identical as the first rectifier cell 7a and the second rectifier cell b, it is also axisymmetric cylinder, and also have third chamber and third saturating
Bright cavity, third photoelectric sensor 6 are located in the third chamber of the transparent cavity of third.
Third photoelectric sensor 6 is identical as the first photoelectric sensor 6a；Ice crystal collects probe 1 and passes through third photoelectric sensor
6 obtain the third feature parameter of the ice crystal 9 in the groove 14 for accumulating in the third body of rod 11, and third feature parameter is to pass through third light
Road 8 carries out the shape area of the third ice crystal image of edge detection acquisition and the area ratio in 11 section of the third body of rod.
For this purpose, mixed state icing detector according to the present invention, controller 3 is that third feature parameter setting third sets threshold
Value, the logic of controller 3 further includes following logic:
Conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is being detected, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image meets
Third given threshold, then excitation detects the mixed signal of conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition and ice crystal icing conditions；
Super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is being detected, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image meets third
Given threshold, then excitation detects the mixed signal of super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition and ice crystal icing conditions；
Detecting big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image meets the
Three given thresholds, then excitation detects the mixed signal of big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition and ice crystal icing conditions；
Super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is not detected, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image meets third
Given threshold, then excitation detects the signal of ice crystal condition；
Super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is not detected, while when the third feature parameter of third ice crystal image does not meet the
Three given thresholds do not excite above-mentioned any signal then.
Equally, ice crystal collects the third body of rod 11 of probe 1 and third rectifier cell 7 is also provided with to freeze with super-cooling waterdrop and pop one's head in
The identical heating device of 1a.
The above content describes a specific embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that these
It is merely illustrative of, protection scope of the present invention is to be defined by the appended claims.Those skilled in the art without departing substantially from
Under the premise of the principle and substance of the present invention, various changes or modifications can be made to these embodiments, these change and repair
Change and each falls within protection scope of the present invention.For example, the arrangement of first body of rod, second body of rod and the third body of rod is not limited to institute in figure
The structure shown.
Each feature in above embodiments principle can also make any combination according to the present invention in the reasonable scope, this
Combination is also fallen within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. a kind of super-cooling waterdrop icing detector characterized by comprising
At least one super-cooling waterdrop, which freezes, pops one's head in (1a), and each super-cooling waterdrop icing probe (1a) includes the icing in side
Windward side (12a) and the icing leeward (13a) opposite with icing windward side (12a), and include:
First body of rod (11a) that extends along first axis and along second axially extending second body of rod (11b),
Detection device, the detection device include,
It is mounted on the first photoelectric sensor (6a) of first body of rod (11a) both ends or one end, first photoelectric sensor
(6a) forms the first optical path with first body of rod (11a) the surface interval in the icing windward side (12a), for monitoring shape
At the icing on first body of rod (11a) surface, and
It is mounted on the second photoelectric sensor (6b) of second body of rod (11b) both ends or one end, second photoelectric sensor
(6b) forms the second optical path with second body of rod (11b) the surface interval in the icing windward side (12a), for monitoring shape
At the icing on second body of rod (11b) surface；And
At least one controller (3), each controller (3) is connected with the detection device, and the controller (3) root
According to the change in electric that first photoelectric sensor (6a) and first photoelectric sensor (6a) are fed back, judge whether there is
Super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition；
Wherein, the diameter of first body of rod (11a) is greater than the diameter of second body of rod (11b), first body of rod (11a)
For constituting big super-cooling waterdrop icing probe, second body of rod (11b) is popped one's head in for constituting conventional super-cooling waterdrop icing, and,
First body of rod (11a) is connected with second body of rod (11b).
2. icing detector as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that first body of rod (11a) and second body of rod
(11b) is respectively cylindrical body, range of the diameter of first body of rod (11a) in 18mm-25mm, second body of rod (11b)
Diameter 4mm-8mm range.
3. icing detector as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the icing detector further includes longitudinal extends to prop up
The support member (2) of the super-cooling waterdrop icing probe (1a) is supportted, the icing probe further includes being arranged in first body of rod
First rectifier cell (7a) of the both ends or one end (11a) and setting are second whole second body of rod (11b) both ends or one end
Fluid element (7b).
4. icing detector as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that first rectifier cell (7a) has first chamber
With the first transparent cavity, second rectifier cell (7b) has second chamber and the second transparent cavity, first photoelectric transfer
Sensor (6a) is located in the first chamber of the described first transparent cavity, and second photoelectric sensor (6b) is located at described second thoroughly
In the second chamber of bright cavity.
5. icing detector as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that first rectifier cell (7a) and described second whole
Fluid element (7b) is axisymmetric cylinder.
6. icing detector as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that first photoelectric sensor (6a) and described second
Photoelectric sensor (6b) is miniature visual sensor or optical fibre image sensor；The icing detector passes through first photoelectricity
Sensor (6a) obtains the fisrt feature parameter that the big super-cooling waterdrop on first body of rod (11a) freezes, the fisrt feature parameter
To pass through the face of the shape area of the first icing image of the first optical path progress edge detection acquisition and the section first body of rod (11a)
The ratio between product；The icing detector obtains the conventional supercooling on second body of rod (11b) by second photoelectric sensor (6b)
The second feature parameter that water droplet freezes, the second feature parameter are the second knot that edge detection acquisition is carried out by the second optical path
The shape area of ice atlas picture and the area ratio in the section second body of rod (11b).
7. icing detector as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that
The controller (3) is first given threshold of fisrt feature parameter setting, is the second feature parameter setting the
Two given thresholds, the controller (3) have following logic:
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image meets second given threshold, the of the first icing image
One characteristic parameter does not meet first given threshold, then excitation detects conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal；
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image meets second given threshold, the of the first icing image
One characteristic parameter meets first given threshold, then excitation detects super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal；
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image does not meet second given threshold, the first icing image
Fisrt feature parameter meets first given threshold, then excitation detects big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal；
When the second feature parameter of the second icing image does not meet second given threshold, the first icing image
Fisrt feature parameter does not meet first given threshold, then does not excite above-mentioned any signal.
8. icing detector as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that first body of rod (11a), second body of rod (11b),
First rectifier cell (7a) and the second rectifier cell (7b) are respectively arranged with heating device.
9. the icing detector as described in any one of claim 3-8, which is characterized in that first body of rod (11a) and
Second body of rod (11b) is connected with each other with longitudinally extending, and first body of rod (11a) bottom end is fixed and supported in the support
On component (2) top, first rectifier cell (7a) on first body of rod (11a) top and second body of rod (11b) bottom end
The second rectifier cell (7b) be the same rectifier cell.
10. icing detector as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the support member (2), first body of rod
(11a) and second body of rod (11b) are formed as one, and are the hollow structure of connection to be formed airflow channel (10), described
The air inlet (10a) of airflow channel (10) is in the windward side of the support member (2), the exhaust outlet of the airflow channel (10)
The leeward of (10b) in second rectifier cell (7b) on the top for being located at second body of rod (11b).
11. any in a kind of mixed state icing detector, including at least one ice crystal collection probe (1) and such as claim 1-8
Super-cooling waterdrop icing detector described in one,
Wherein, it includes the identical ice crystal in side of probe (1a) that freezes with super-cooling waterdrop that each ice crystal, which collects probe (1),
Windward side (12) and the ice crystal leeward (13) opposite with ice crystal windward side (12), and include:
The third body of rod (11) axially extending along third,
It is arranged in the third body of rod (11), is located at the ice crystal windward side (12) along described the of the third body of rod (11)
Three axially extending grooves (14), the groove (14) include opening (15) and bottom (16), and the bottom (16) is for gathering
Ice crystal,
Detection device, the detection device include the third photoelectric sensor for being mounted on the third body of rod (11) both ends or one end
(6), the third photoelectric sensor (6) forms in the groove (14) and is spaced with the bottom (16) of the groove (14)
Third optical path (8), for monitoring the ice crystal (9) on the bottom (16) for accumulating in the groove (14)；
Wherein, the controller (3) is connected with the third photoelectric sensor (6), and the controller (3) is according to described
The change in electric of three photoelectric sensors (6) feedback, judges whether there is ice crystal icing conditions；
Wherein, first body of rod (11a), second body of rod (11b) and the third body of rod (11) Y-shaped arrangement, each other
Angle is 120 °, and the bottom end of first body of rod (11a), second body of rod (11b) and the third body of rod (11) is fixed and supported in institute
It states on support member (2) top.
12. mixed state icing detector as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that the icing detector is claim
Icing detector described in 3, the support member (2) also supports the ice crystal to collect probe (1), so that first body of rod
The bottom end of (11a), second body of rod (11b) and the third body of rod (11) are respectively supported on the support member (2), the third bar
Body (11) is cylindrical body,
It further includes third rectifier cell of the setting in the third body of rod (11) both ends or one end that the ice crystal, which collects probe (1),
(7)。
13. mixed state icing detector as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that the icing detector is claim
Icing detector described in 4, the third rectifier cell (7) have third chamber and the transparent cavity of third, the third photoelectricity
Sensor (6) is located in the third chamber of the transparent cavity of the third.
14. mixed state icing detector as claimed in claim 13, which is characterized in that the icing detector is claim
Icing detector described in 5, the third rectifier cell (7) are axisymmetric cylinder.
15. mixed state icing detector as claimed in claim 14, which is characterized in that the icing detector is claim
Icing detector described in 6, the third photoelectric sensor (6) are identical as the first photoelectric sensor (6a)；The ice crystal
It collects probe (1) and obtains the groove (14) for accumulating in the third body of rod (11) by the third photoelectric sensor (6)
In ice crystal (9) third feature parameter, the third feature parameter be by the third optical path (8) carry out edge detection obtain
The shape area of the third ice crystal image taken and the area ratio in the third body of rod (11) section.
16. mixed state icing detector as claimed in claim 15, which is characterized in that the icing detector is claim
Icing detector described in 7, the controller (3) are third feature parameter setting third given threshold, the controller (3)
Logic further includes following logic:
Conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is being detected, while when the third feature parameter of the third ice crystal image meets
The third given threshold, then excitation detects the mixed signal of conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition and ice crystal icing conditions；
Described in meeting in the third feature parameter for detecting super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal, while working as the third ice crystal image
Third given threshold, then excitation detects the mixed signal of super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition and ice crystal icing conditions；
Big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is being detected, while when the third feature parameter of the third ice crystal image meets institute
Third given threshold is stated, then excitation detects the mixed signal of big super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition and ice crystal icing conditions；
Described in the third feature parameter for not detecting super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal, while working as the third ice crystal image meets
Third given threshold, then excitation detects the signal of ice crystal condition；
Super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition signal is not detected, while when the third feature parameter of the third ice crystal image does not meet institute
Third given threshold is stated, then does not excite above-mentioned any signal.
17. mixed state icing detector as claimed in claim 16, which is characterized in that the third body of rod (11) and third are whole
Fluid element (7) setting identical heating device with super-cooling waterdrop icing probe (1a).
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| CN201910404266.5A CN110077601A (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2019-05-16 | Supercooled water drop icing detector and mixed icing detector |
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