CN110076351B - Special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts - Google Patents
Special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN110076351B CN110076351B CN201910509301.XA CN201910509301A CN110076351B CN 110076351 B CN110076351 B CN 110076351B CN 201910509301 A CN201910509301 A CN 201910509301A CN 110076351 B CN110076351 B CN 110076351B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010727 cylinder oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B23/00—Tailstocks; Centres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
- B23B25/06—Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
- B23B3/06—Turning-machines or devices characterised only by the special arrangement of constructional units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
- B23B3/30—Turning-machines with two or more working-spindles, e.g. in fixed arrangement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B5/08—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning axles, bars, rods, tubes, rolls, i.e. shaft-turning lathes, roll lathes; Centreless turning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a numerical control machine, in particular to a special numerical control machine for machining axle parts, which comprises a machine body, two main shaft boxes, two tail frames, two tool rests and a machine tool electric control device, wherein the two main shaft boxes, the two tail frames, the two tool rests and the machine tool electric control device are arranged on the machine body, and one tail frame can move up and down; a material supporting cylinder is fixedly arranged in a main shaft hole in the main shaft box, and a universal ball is fixed on the inner wall of the material supporting cylinder; and workpiece axial measuring devices are arranged on two sides of the two main shaft boxes. According to the technical scheme, on the basis of the existing double-spindle numerical control machine tool, in order to meet the requirements of loading and unloading long-axis parts with larger length-diameter ratio and accurate measurement of axial length, the tailstock on one side and the structure in the spindle are improved, meanwhile, the left-side and right-side axial length measuring devices are additionally arranged on the machine tool, the loading and unloading time and the axial dimension measuring precision of the long-axis parts can be effectively reduced through the improvement and the increase, and automatic loading, unloading and dimension measuring automation can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a numerical control machine tool, in particular to a special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts.
Background
At present, when processing shaft parts, the double-headstock numerical control lathe has the characteristics of high processing efficiency and high processing precision and is widely used. When the processing procedure is complicated, for example, the axle of a freight car is as follows: the two end faces, the outer circles at the two ends and the inner holes are machined, so that the two working procedures are needed to be carried out under the condition that a workpiece is not disassembled, the outer circles are machined by clamping the outer circles at the first working procedure, the outer circles are machined by supporting the inner holes at the two ends of the workpiece by a tailstock at the second working procedure, and the following problems mainly exist when the existing double-spindle box numerical control lathe is utilized for machining the shaft parts: 1. tailstock at two ends of the existing double-spindle box machine tool is fixed, and when loading and unloading long-axis parts, loading and unloading work is needed to be carried out manually by using a crane, so that the machining efficiency is seriously affected; 2. because some long shaft parts have requirements on the axial dimension between the shaft shoulders at the two ends, in the machining process, the measuring parts of the two shaft shoulders are positioned at the left end and the right end of the two main shaft boxes, so that the axial measurement is difficult, and the dimension precision cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts, which has the advantages of movable tailstock at one end of a main spindle box and good positioning precision in resetting and automatic measurement of axial length.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the special numerical control machine tool for machining the axle parts comprises a machine body, a main spindle box, an auxiliary spindle box, a right tail frame, a left tail frame, a right tool table, a left tool table and a machine tool electric control device, and is characterized in that a left axial length measuring device is arranged on the machine body between the main spindle box and the left tail frame, and a right axial length measuring device is arranged on the machine body between the auxiliary spindle box and the right tail frame; a supporting cylinder is fixedly arranged in a main shaft hole in the main shaft box, and a universal ball is fixed on the inner wall of the supporting cylinder; the left tail frame consists of a tail seat body, a tail seat sliding body and a base, wherein the tail seat body is fixedly arranged on the tail seat sliding body, the tail seat sliding body is arranged on a pair of guide rails on the base, a tail seat sliding body locking device and a tail seat sliding body positioning device are arranged between the tail seat sliding body and the base, an oil cylinder is arranged between the base and the tail seat sliding body, the cylinder body of the oil cylinder is fixed on the base, and a piston rod is connected with the tail seat sliding body; the movable tailstock sleeve is arranged in the tailstock body, a mandrel with a rotatable taper hole is fixedly arranged in an inner hole at the front end of the tailstock sleeve, and a driving device capable of driving the tailstock sleeve to linearly move is arranged at the rear end of the tailstock sleeve.
The section of the inner hole of the material supporting cylinder is square with excessive fillets, and the universal balls are uniformly distributed along the length direction of each side of the square inner hole of the material supporting cylinder.
The tail seat locking device consists of a pressing plate positioned on the lower end surface of the guide rail and a tail seat sliding body locking oil cylinder fixed on the tail seat sliding body, wherein piston rods extend out from the upper end and the lower end of the tail seat sliding body locking oil cylinder, a lower piston rod is fixedly connected with the pressing plate, and a reset pressure spring is arranged on an upper piston rod.
The sleeve locking device is a sleeve locking oil cylinder arranged on the tailstock body, two opposite pistons and a pressure spring arranged between opposite end surfaces of the pistons are arranged in the sleeve locking oil cylinder, and arc surfaces matched with the outer circles of the tailstock sleeve are arranged on the outer circle surfaces of the opposite ends of the two pistons.
The driving device for driving the tailstock sleeve to linearly move is a driving oil cylinder, a cylinder body of the driving oil cylinder is composed of a tailstock sleeve inner hole, a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the tailstock sleeve inner hole, a sealing flange is arranged at the tail of the tailstock sleeve, a piston I is arranged in the tailstock sleeve inner hole between the partition plate and the sealing flange, an end cover is arranged on a tailstock body corresponding to the tail end of the tailstock sleeve, a piston rod extends out of the sealing flange and the end cover and is fixedly connected with an adjusting plate fixed on the outer side of the end cover, and an adjusting bolt is arranged on the adjusting plate.
The tailstock sliding body positioning device is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the guide rail and consists of positioning cylinder oil arranged on the base and a positioning block arranged on the tailstock sliding body, a conical positioning pin is arranged at the upper end of a piston rod I in the positioning cylinder, and a positioning groove matched with the positioning pin is arranged on the positioning block.
The left axial length measuring device consists of a left bottom plate fixedly connected with the lathe bed, a driving mechanism and a measuring device which are arranged on the left bottom plate, wherein two parallel guide rails are fixed on the left bottom plate; a supporting plate is fixed on one side of the upper end of the fixed plate, a supporting seat is arranged on the supporting plate, and a connecting shaft is fixed on the supporting plate through the supporting seat; one end of the connecting plate is fixedly provided with a left pneumatic measuring device, the other end of the connecting plate is fixedly connected with one end of the connecting shaft, the other end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with one end of the swing arm, the other end of the swing arm is hinged with a piston rod in the swing cylinder, and the cylinder body of the swing cylinder is in swing connection with the bracket.
The guide rail is a linear guide rail, and a sliding seat matched with the linear guide rail is fixed on the fixed plate.
The right axial length measuring device consists of a right bottom plate connected with a lathe bed, a driving device and a measuring device which are arranged on the right bottom plate, a pair of parallel guide rails I are fixedly arranged on the right bottom plate, a side plate I is arranged on one side of the right bottom plate, an L-shaped bracket is arranged on the guide rails I, a cylinder body in a pushing cylinder I is fixed on the L-shaped bracket, a piston rod in the pushing cylinder I is fixed on the side plate I, and a swinging cylinder I is hinged on the L-shaped bracket; a fixed plate is fixed on one side of a swinging cylinder on an L-shaped bracket, the lower ends of two connecting rods are hinged to a fixed plate I, the upper ends of the two connecting rods are hinged to a connecting plate I, a piston rod in the swinging cylinder I is hinged to the middle of one connecting rod in the two connecting rods, and a right pneumatic measuring device is arranged on the connecting plate I.
The two ends of the two connecting rods are hinged by fixing seats vertically arranged on the fixing plate and the connecting plate I, pin shafts are arranged on the fixing seats, and holes matched with the pin shafts are formed in the two ends of the connecting rods; the guide rail I is a linear guide rail, and the sliding seat I matched with the linear guide rail is fixed on the L-shaped bracket.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following characteristics: 1. the tailstock is driven by the oil cylinder to move up and down, the tailstock is in a lower position during the first sequence processing, the center of the tailstock is coincided with the center of a main shaft of a machine tool through the oil cylinder during the second sequence processing, and a workpiece is propped against through a center to process excircles at two ends; therefore, when the workpiece is assembled and disassembled, the tailstock is positioned at the lower position, the workpiece can be supported by the universal ball arranged in the main shaft hole, and the workpiece can axially move along the main shaft hole to be assembled and disassembled, so that the automatic loading and unloading are realized; 2. a tailstock sliding body positioning device is arranged between the base and the tailstock sliding body, so that the relative superposition precision of the center of the tailstock and the center of the machine tool in the machining process can be ensured; 3. the tailstock sleeve can relatively move relative to the tailstock body, so that the workpiece can still be tightly propped up when the workpiece is different in length; 4. the tailstock has the characteristics of reasonable structure, convenient use and the like, is very suitable for axle parts, and is especially suitable for axle parts processed on a double-spindle double-end-face numerical control lathe; 5. the two ends of the measured workpiece are measured simultaneously by adopting a pair of pneumatic measuring devices, and the measured data are directly fed back to a numerical control system of the machine tool for compensating the cutter of the numerical control system, so that a simple and effective method is provided for accurate and automatic measurement of the axial dimension of the long-axis parts; 6. reasonable structure and small occupied space. When the device is used, the measuring device is pushed to a measuring position through the air cylinder, and the measuring device can be recovered to a small space after the measurement is finished, so that the whole processing process is not influenced; 7. the measuring device is driven by the air cylinder, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient adjustment and low failure rate.
To sum up, according to the technical scheme, on the basis of the existing double-spindle numerical control machine tool, in order to meet the requirements of loading and unloading long-shaft parts with larger length-diameter ratio and accurate measurement of axial length, the tailstock at one side and the structure in the spindle are improved, meanwhile, the axial length measuring devices at the left side and the right side are added on the machine tool, the loading and unloading time of the long-shaft parts and the measurement accuracy of the axial dimension can be effectively reduced through the improvement and the increase, and automatic loading, unloading and dimension measurement can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the left axial length measuring device according to the present invention in an operating state.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of fig. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the right-hand structure of fig. 2 according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a front view of the left axial length measuring device in a retracted state.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the construction of the right axial length measuring apparatus according to the present invention in an operating state.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of fig. 6 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic top view of the device for measuring the length of the right axis direction in the retracted state.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the main shaft in the main spindle box of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of section A-A of FIG. 9 in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a support log according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the support square stock of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the bottom view of the left tailstock of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a right side view of fig. 13 of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a left side view of fig. 13 in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the figures 1 to 15 of the drawings, 1 is a left tailstock, 1-1 is a tailstock sleeve, 1-1-2 is a mandrel, 1-2 is a tailstock sliding body, 1-3 is a base, 1-4 is a rail, 1-5 is a tailstock locking device, 1-5-1 is a lower piston rod, 1-5-2 is a piston, 1-5-3 is a reset pressure spring, 1-6 is a pressure plate, 1-7 is a driving device, 1-7-1 is an adjusting plate, 1-7-2 is an end cover, 1-7-3 is a cavity, 1-7-4 is a partition plate, 1-7-5 is a piston I, 1-7-6 is a sealing flange, 1-7-7 is a bolt, 1-8 is a sleeve locking device 1-8-1 is an oil inlet, 1-8-2 is a piston II, 1-8-3 is a pressure spring, 1-9 is a tailstock sliding body positioning device, 1-9-1 is a piston rod, 1-9-2 is a piston III, 1-9-3 is a positioning pin, 1-9-4 is a positioning block, 1-10 is an oil cylinder, 1-10-1 is a piston rod I, 2 is a left knife rest, 3 is a left axial length measuring device, 3-1 is a push cylinder, 3-2 is a connecting shaft, 3-3 is a swinging cylinder, 3-4 is a fixed plate, 3-5 is a guide rail, 3-6 is a left bottom plate, 3-7 is a side plate, 3-8 is a slide seat, 3-9 is a swinging arm, 3-10 is a supporting plate, 3-11 is left pneumatic measuring head, 3-12 is connecting plate, 3-13 is left pneumatic measuring device, 3-14 is supporting seat, 3-15 is support, 4 is main headstock, 4-1 is main shaft, 4-2 is support feed cylinder, 4-3 is universal ball, 4-4 is work piece, 5 is lathe bed, 6 is vice headstock, 7 is right axial length measuring device, 7-1 is connecting rod, 7-2 is fixing base, 7-3 is fixed plate, 7-4 is swing cylinder I, 7-5 is push cylinder I, 7-6 is support, 7-7 is "L" type support, 7-8 is curb plate I, 7-9 is guide rail I, 7-10 is right bottom plate, 7-11 is slide I, 7-12 is connecting plate I, 7-13 right pneumatic measuring device, 7-14 is right measuring head, 8 is right tailstock, 9 is right knife platform.
As shown in fig. 1, a main headstock 4 and a sub headstock 6 are mounted on a bed 5, a left tailstock 1 and a left table 2 are mounted on the left side of the main headstock, a right tailstock 8 and a right table 9 are mounted on the right side of the sub headstock, a left axial length measuring device 3 is mounted on the bed between the main headstock and the left tailstock, and a right axial length measuring device 7 is mounted on the bed between the sub headstock and the right tailstock.
As shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, two parallel guide rails 3-5 are fixed on the left bottom plate, the fixedly connected plate 3-4 is arranged on the guide rails, the cylinder body and the bracket 3-15 of the pushing cylinder 3-1 are both fixed on the fixed plate, the piston rod in the pushing cylinder is fixed on the side plate 3-7, and the side plate is fixed on the left side of the left bottom plate; the support plate 3-10 is fixed on one side of the upper end of the fixed plate, the support seat 3-14 is arranged on the support plate, the connecting shaft 3-2 is fixed on the support plate through the support seat, the left end of the connecting shaft is fixed with one end of the connecting plate 3-12, the other end of the connecting plate is fixedly connected with the pneumatic measuring device 13, the right end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with one end of the swing arm 3-9, the other end of the swing arm is hinged with a piston rod in the swing cylinder 3-3, and the cylinder body of the swing cylinder is in swinging connection with the support 3-15. The guide rail 3-5 is a linear guide rail, and the sliding seat 3-8 matched with the linear guide rail is fixed on the fixed plate 3-4.
When the axial size of a machined part is required to be measured, the pushing cylinder works, the cylinder body of the pushing cylinder drives the fixed plate and the sliding seat to move leftwards along the linear guide rail due to the fact that the piston rod of the pushing cylinder is fixed with the left bottom plate through the side plate, after the cylinder body of the pushing cylinder moves in place, the swinging cylinder works, the piston rod in the swinging cylinder moves downwards to drive the swinging arm to rotate anticlockwise along the connecting shaft, the swinging arm drives the connecting shaft to rotate anticlockwise, and after the connecting shaft drives the connecting plate to rotate anticlockwise in place, the pneumatic measuring head in the pneumatic measuring device fixed at the left end of the connecting plate stretches out rightwards to contact a left measuring point on a workpiece.
As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, two parallel guide rails I7-9 are fixed on a right bottom plate 7-10, the guide rails I are linear guide rails, a sliding seat I7-11 matched with the linear guide rails is fixed on an L-shaped bracket 7-7, a side plate I7-8 is arranged on the right side of the right bottom plate, a cylinder body in a push-out cylinder I7-5 is fixed on the right side of the L-shaped bracket, a piston rod in the push-out cylinder I is fixed on the side plate I, and a swing cylinder I7-4 is hinged on the left side of the L-shaped bracket; the left side of the L-shaped bracket is fixed with a fixed plate 7-3, the lower ends of two connecting rods 7-1 are hinged on the fixed plate, the upper ends of the two connecting rods are hinged on a connecting plate 7-12, a piston rod in a swinging cylinder I is hinged with the middle part of one connecting rod on the left side of the two connecting rods, and a right pneumatic measuring device 7-13 is arranged on the connecting plate I.
The two connecting rods, the fixed plate and the connecting plate form a plane four-connecting-rod mechanism.
When the axial dimension of a machined part is required to be measured, the pushing cylinder I works, the piston rod of the pushing cylinder I is fixed with the right bottom plate through the side plate I, the cylinder body of the pushing cylinder I drives the L-shaped support and the sliding seat to move leftwards along the linear guide rail, after the sliding seat moves in place, the swinging cylinder I works, the piston rod in the swinging cylinder I stretches out leftwards, the connecting rod is driven to rotate anticlockwise along the fixing seat on the fixing plate, and after the right pneumatic measuring device mounted on the connecting plate is driven to rotate anticlockwise in place, the right measuring head in the pneumatic measuring device stretches out leftwards to contact with a measuring point on the right side of the workpiece.
The device is arranged at the measuring position of the workpiece to be measured of the numerical control machine tool, and the position between the left measuring device and the right measuring device is fixed, namely, after the device stretches out and the left pneumatic measuring device and the right pneumatic measuring device rotate in place, the position between the left pneumatic measuring head and the right pneumatic measuring head is constant, so that after the left pneumatic measuring head and the right pneumatic measuring head move in opposite directions to contact with a measuring point, the moving distance of the two pneumatic measuring heads is subtracted from the distance between the left pneumatic measuring head and the right pneumatic measuring head, and the distance is the accurate distance of the axial measuring point of the measured workpiece. After the calculation is performed by the numerical control system of the machine tool, the axial dimension of the machined part can be ensured by feeding back the cutter compensation of the numerical control system.
As shown in fig. 9, 10,11 and 12, a supporting cylinder is fixedly installed in the spindle hole, a universal ball is fixed on the inner wall of the supporting cylinder, in order to ensure that the universal ball can support workpieces with different sections, the section of the inner hole of the supporting cylinder is square with excessive round corners, and the universal ball is uniformly distributed along the length direction of each side of the square inner hole of the supporting cylinder.
When the workpiece is conveyed into the hole of the main shaft in the main spindle box through the feeding device, the outer circle or two sides of the workpiece are in contact with the universal balls, and as the balls in the universal balls can roll in all directions and have certain supporting capacity, the weight of the workpiece is evenly distributed on the material supporting cylinder through the universal balls, the thrust required by the axial movement of the workpiece is very small, and the workpiece can be conveniently moved in place by a manual or mechanical device and can be machined after being clamped.
The device can be used for adding in the machine tool spindles of the inclined lathe bed and the horizontal lathe bed, and is particularly suitable for adding in the spindles of a numerical control lathe with a double spindle box or other machine tools.
As shown in fig. 13, 14 and 15, the base is fixed to the machine tool body, a pair of guide rails are provided on the base, the tailstock slider is mounted on the guide rails, and the tailstock body is fixed to the tailstock slider. An oil cylinder is arranged between the base and the tailstock sliding body, wherein the cylinder body of the oil cylinder is fixed on the base, and a piston rod I is connected with the tailstock sliding body.
The tail seat locking device is arranged on the tail seat sliding body and consists of a pressing plate positioned on the lower end face of the guide rail and a tail seat sliding body locking oil cylinder fixed on the tail seat sliding body, piston rods extend out of two ends of a piston in the tail seat sliding body locking oil cylinder, wherein a lower piston rod is fixedly connected with the pressing plate, and a reset pressure spring is arranged on an upper piston rod.
A movable tailstock sleeve is arranged in the tailstock body, a mandrel with a rotatable taper hole is fixedly arranged in an inner hole at the front end of the tailstock sleeve, namely the right end shown in fig. 6, and a driving device capable of driving the tailstock sleeve to linearly move is arranged at the rear end of the tailstock sleeve, namely the left end shown in fig. 1.
The driving device is a driving oil cylinder, a cylinder body of the driving oil cylinder is composed of a tailstock sleeve inner hole, a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the tailstock sleeve inner hole, the tailstock sleeve inner hole is divided into a left cavity and a right cavity which are sealed, a sealing flange is arranged at the left end of the tailstock sleeve, a piston I is arranged in the tailstock sleeve inner hole between the partition plate and the sealing flange, an end cover is arranged on a tailstock body corresponding to the tail end of the tailstock sleeve, a piston rod extends out of the sealing flange and the end cover to be fixedly connected with an adjusting plate fixed on the outer side of the end cover, and an adjusting bolt is arranged on the adjusting plate.
The tail seat is provided with a sleeve locking device, the sleeve locking device is a sleeve locking oil cylinder arranged on the tail seat, two opposite pistons II and a pressure spring arranged between opposite end surfaces of the pistons II are arranged in the sleeve locking oil cylinder, and the outer circular surfaces of the opposite ends of the two pistons II are provided with circular arc surfaces matched with the outer circle of the tail seat sleeve.
A tailstock sliding body positioning device is arranged between the base and the tailstock sliding body, the device consists of positioning cylinder oil arranged on the base and a positioning block arranged on the tailstock sliding body, a conical positioning pin is arranged at the upper end of a piston rod in the positioning cylinder, and a positioning groove matched with the positioning pin is arranged on the positioning block; the tailstock sliding body positioning device is provided with 2 sets and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the guide rail.
During processing, the base is moved to the lowest position, so that workpieces can be conveniently assembled and disassembled, and meanwhile, according to the length of the workpieces, the processing length and the clamping length, the left and right positions of the piston I in the inner hole of the tailstock sleeve are adjusted by rotating the adjusting bolt, so that the left and right moving distance of the tailstock sleeve can be adjusted.
After the first order of the workpiece is processed, a piston rod I in an oil cylinder fixed on a base stretches out to drive a tailstock sliding body and the tailstock body to move upwards, after the piston rod I is in place, an oil cavity on the left side of a piston III in two sets of tailstock sliding body positioning devices is filled with oil to push the piston III to move rightwards, a conical positioning pin is arranged at the right end of the piston rod and is inserted into a positioning groove on a positioning block, the tailstock sliding body is accurately positioned on the base, then the tailstock sliding body locks a cavity on the lower side of the piston in the oil cylinder to feed oil to push the piston to move upwards, and a pressing plate is driven by a lower piston rod to press and lock the tailstock sliding body with a guide rail; then drive oil feed between baffle and the piston I in the drive cylinder of tailstock sleeve rectilinear movement, because piston I is fixed, tailstock sleeve right-hand member removes under the drive of baffle, drive the top that installs in dabber taper hole and push up and fix a position the work piece in the work piece left end, then control sleeve locking device's oil feed valve and open, carry the pressure oil to two distal ends of two pistons II through the oil inlet, make two pistons II be relatively close, the arc surface that matches with tailstock sleeve excircle on two piston II excircle faces compresses tightly with the tailstock sleeve excircle, after locking the tailstock sleeve, can process the excircle face at work piece both ends.
After the machining is finished, the pressure oil in the sleeve locking device is decompressed, the two pistons II move up and down under the action of the pressure springs on the opposite end faces of the pistons II, and the locking of the tailstock sleeve is released; then oil is fed into a cavity formed by the sealing flange and the piston I, and the tailstock sleeve is driven by the sealing flange to move leftwards so that the center is separated from the workpiece; then, oil is fed to the right side of a piston III in the tailstock sliding body positioning device, the piston III is pushed to move leftwards, and the positioning pin is driven to be separated from the positioning groove; then the pressure oil in the tailstock locking device is released, and the piston moves downwards under the action of the reset pressure spring to enable the pressure plate to leave the guide rail; then the piston rod I moves downwards to drive the tailstock sliding body and the tailstock body to move downwards to the lowest position, and then the processing process of a workpiece is completed, and the workpiece moves rightwards to the loading and unloading position from a main shaft hole in the main shaft box.
Claims (8)
1. The special numerical control machine tool for machining the axle parts comprises a machine body, a main spindle box, an auxiliary spindle box, a right tail frame, a left tail frame, a right tool table, a left tool table and a machine tool electric control device, and is characterized in that a left axial length measuring device (3) is arranged on the machine body (5) between the main spindle box (4) and the left tail frame (1), and a right axial length measuring device (7) is arranged on the machine body between the auxiliary spindle box (6) and the right tail frame (8); a material supporting cylinder (4-2) is fixedly arranged in a hole of a main shaft (4-1) in the main spindle box (4), and a universal ball (4-3) is fixed on the inner wall of the material supporting cylinder; the left tailstock (1) consists of a tailstock body (1-1), a tailstock sliding body (1-2) and a base (1-3), wherein the tailstock body is fixedly arranged on the tailstock sliding body, the tailstock sliding body is arranged on a pair of guide rails (1-4) on the base, a tailstock locking device (1-5) and a tailstock sliding body positioning device (1-9) are arranged between the tailstock sliding body and the base, an oil cylinder (1-10) is arranged between the base and the tailstock sliding body, the cylinder body of the oil cylinder is fixed on the base, and a piston rod I is connected with the tailstock sliding body; a movable tailstock sleeve (1-1-1) is arranged in the tailstock body, a mandrel (1-1-2) with a rotatable taper hole is fixedly arranged in an inner hole at the front end of the tailstock sleeve, and a driving device capable of driving the tailstock sleeve to linearly move is arranged at the rear end of the tailstock sleeve;
The left axial length measuring device (3) consists of a left bottom plate (3-6) fixedly connected with the lathe bed (5), a driving mechanism and a measuring device which are arranged on the left bottom plate, wherein two parallel guide rails (3-5) are fixed on the left bottom plate, a fixedly connected plate (3-4) is arranged on the guide rails, a cylinder body and a bracket (3-15) of a pushing cylinder (3-1) are both fixed on the fixedly connected plate, a piston rod in the pushing cylinder is fixed on a side plate (3-7), and the side plate is fixed on one side of the left bottom plate; a supporting plate (3-10) is fixed on one side of the upper end of the fixed plate, a supporting seat (3-14) is arranged on the supporting plate, and a connecting shaft (3-2) is fixed on the supporting plate through the supporting seat; one end of a connecting plate (3-12) is fixedly provided with a left pneumatic measuring device (3-13), the other end of the connecting plate is fixedly connected with one end of a connecting shaft, the other end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with one end of a swinging arm (3-9), the other end of the swinging arm is hinged with a piston rod in a swinging cylinder, a cylinder body of the swinging cylinder is in swinging connection with a bracket, and after the swinging cylinder drives the left pneumatic measuring device to rotate in place, a pneumatic measuring head in the left pneumatic measuring device stretches out rightwards to contact a measuring point on the left side of a workpiece;
The right axial length measuring device (7) consists of a right bottom plate (7-10) connected with the lathe bed (5), a driving device and a measuring device which are arranged on the right bottom plate, a pair of parallel guide rails I (7-9) are fixedly arranged on the right bottom plate, a side plate I (7-8) is arranged on one side of the right bottom plate, an L-shaped bracket (7-7) is arranged on the guide rails I, a cylinder body in a pushing cylinder I (7-5) is fixed on the L-shaped bracket, a piston rod in the pushing cylinder I is fixed on the side plate I, and a swinging cylinder I (7-4) is hinged on the L-shaped bracket; a fixing plate (7-3) is fixed on one side of a swinging cylinder I on an L-shaped support, two connecting rods (7-1) are hinged to the fixing plate, the upper ends of the two connecting rods are hinged to a connecting plate I (7-12), a piston rod in the swinging cylinder I is hinged to the middle of one connecting rod in the two connecting rods (7-1), a right pneumatic measuring device (7-13) is mounted on the connecting plate I, and after the swinging cylinder I drives the right pneumatic measuring device to rotate in place, a right measuring head in the right pneumatic measuring device stretches out leftwards to be contacted with a measuring point on the right side of a workpiece.
2. The numerical control machine tool special for machining axle parts according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the inner hole of the material supporting cylinder (4-2) is square with excessive round corners, and the universal balls (4-3) are uniformly distributed along the length direction of each side of the square inner hole of the material supporting cylinder (4-2).
3. The special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts according to claim 2, characterized in that the tailstock locking device (1-5) is composed of a pressing plate (1-6) positioned on the lower end face of the guide rail (1-4) and a tailstock sliding body locking cylinder fixed on the tailstock sliding body (1-2), piston rods extend out from the upper end and the lower end of the tailstock sliding body locking cylinder, wherein the lower piston rod (1-5-1) is fixedly connected with the pressing plate (1-6), and a reset pressure spring (1-5-3) is arranged on the upper piston rod.
4. A special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts according to claim 3, characterized in that a sleeve locking device (1-8) is arranged on the tailstock body (1-1), the sleeve locking device (1-8) is a sleeve locking cylinder, two opposite pistons II (1-8-2) and a pressure spring (1-8-3) arranged between opposite end surfaces of the pistons are arranged in the sleeve locking cylinder, and circular arc surfaces matched with the outer circles of the tailstock sleeve (1-1-1) are arranged on the outer circle surfaces of the opposite ends of the two pistons.
5. The numerical control machine tool special for machining axle parts according to claim 4, characterized in that the driving device (1-7) for driving the tailstock sleeve (1-1-1) to linearly move is a driving oil cylinder, the cylinder body of the driving oil cylinder is composed of a tailstock sleeve inner hole, a partition plate (1-7-4) is arranged in the middle of the tailstock sleeve inner hole, a sealing flange (1-7-6) is arranged at the tail of the tailstock sleeve, a piston I (1-7-5) is arranged in the tailstock sleeve inner hole between the partition plate and the sealing flange, an end cover (1-7-2) is arranged on the tailstock body (1-1) corresponding to the tail end of the tailstock sleeve, a piston rod of the driving oil cylinder extends out of the sealing flange and the end cover and is fixedly connected with an adjusting plate (1-7-1) fixed at the outer side of the end cover, and an adjusting bolt (1-7-7) is arranged on the adjusting plate.
6. The numerical control machine tool special for machining axle parts according to claim 5, wherein the tailstock sliding body positioning devices (1-9) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the guide rail (1-4) and consist of positioning cylinders arranged on the base (1-3) and positioning blocks (1-9-4) arranged on the tailstock sliding body (1-2), conical positioning pins (1-9-3) are arranged at the upper ends of piston rods in the positioning cylinders, and positioning grooves matched with the positioning pins are formed in the positioning blocks.
7. The special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts according to claim 1, wherein the guide rail (3-5) is a linear guide rail, and a slide seat (3-8) matched with the linear guide rail is fixed on the fixed plate (3-4).
8. The special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts according to claim 1, wherein the hinges at two ends of the two connecting rods (7-1) consist of fixed seats vertically arranged on the fixed plate (7-3) and the connecting plate I (7-12), pin shafts are arranged on the fixed seats, and holes matched with the pin shafts are formed at two ends of the connecting rods (7-1); the guide rail I (7-9) is a linear guide rail, and the sliding seat I (7-11) matched with the linear guide rail is fixed on the L-shaped bracket (7-7).
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| CN201910509301.XA CN110076351B (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-06-13 | Special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts |
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| CN201910509301.XA CN110076351B (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-06-13 | Special numerical control machine tool for machining axle parts |
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| CN111390512B (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-08-17 | 中机精密成形产业技术研究院（安徽）股份有限公司 | Non-quenched and tempered steel material for electric drive shaft and production process |
| CN112589516B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-02-18 | 三明学院 | Accomplish digit control machine tool of multichannel process simultaneously |
| CN114012116B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2024-05-10 | 宁夏长兴精密机械有限公司 | Double-end-face specialized numerical control lathe with full-automatic feeding mechanism |
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