CN110068268A - Circular Nose Cutting Edge lathe tool geometric parameter three-dimensional detection system and method based on zoom measurement - Google Patents
Circular Nose Cutting Edge lathe tool geometric parameter three-dimensional detection system and method based on zoom measurement Download PDFInfo
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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Abstract
基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统及方法，载物台上方由下至上沿光路依次设置有物镜、线性位移台、分光棱镜、第二透镜和CCD相机，分光棱镜的入射光路上由内向外设置有第一透镜和单色光光源，物镜的外侧套有环形光源，CCD相机和线性位移台的信号输入输出端分别连接计算机。本发明使用干涉物镜测量平面镜，调节载物台至CCD相机图像中干涉条纹为一条以下，使载物台与系统光轴垂直；本发明能够有效去除因样品不规则或杂质而形成的无效像素点；能够去除三维数据中的异常像素点；实现刀尖轮廓中圆弧数据与直线数据的分割；最终能够在单次测量中获取多种几何参数，且提取几何参数不受测量角度的影响，有较好的测量重复性。
A three-dimensional detection system and method for the geometrical parameters of an arc edge turning tool based on zoom measurement. The objective lens, linear displacement stage, beam splitter prism, second lens and CCD camera are sequentially arranged above the stage from bottom to top along the optical path. The incident light of the beam splitter prism A first lens and a monochromatic light source are arranged on the road from the inside to the outside, the outer side of the objective lens is covered with a ring light source, and the signal input and output ends of the CCD camera and the linear displacement stage are respectively connected to the computer. The invention uses the interference objective lens to measure the plane mirror, and adjusts the stage until the interference fringes in the image of the CCD camera are less than one, so that the stage is perpendicular to the optical axis of the system; the invention can effectively remove the invalid pixel points formed by the irregularity of the sample or impurities ;Can remove abnormal pixels in 3D data; Realize the segmentation of arc data and straight line data in the tool nose contour; Finally, a variety of geometric parameters can be obtained in a single measurement, and the extracted geometric parameters are not affected by the measurement angle. Better measurement repeatability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种圆弧刃车刀几何参数的三维检测。特别是涉及一种基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统及方法。The invention relates to a three-dimensional detection of geometric parameters of a turning tool with an arc edge. In particular, it relates to a three-dimensional detection system and method for geometric parameters of an arc edge turning tool based on zoom measurement.
背景技术Background technique
光学自由曲面元件能够使光学系统具备更加灵活、优异的特性，在各个领域都有广泛应用，圆弧刃车刀实现超精切削是加工自由曲面较有效的方法。由于工件表面与切削刃间的交互作用，车刀的几何参数直接影响加工表面的形状精度和表面形貌，其几何参数主要包括刀尖圆弧轮廓参数、角度参数以及前刀面的表面粗糙度等。刀尖轮廓直接和加工工件有交互作用，影响工件形状精度和表面形貌；后角可以表征车刀的锋利程度，同时表明后刀面对于切削后工件表面的挤压和摩擦作用；前角也会影响车刀的锋利程度，同时，前刀面的表面粗糙度会影响切屑形成和流出过程。所以无论是车刀出厂时的参数检测还是发生磨损后对车刀进行研磨修整，准确获取几何参数至关重要。Optical free-form surface components can make the optical system have more flexible and excellent characteristics, and are widely used in various fields. The arc edge turning tool to achieve ultra-fine cutting is a more effective method for machining free-form surfaces. Due to the interaction between the workpiece surface and the cutting edge, the geometric parameters of the turning tool directly affect the shape accuracy and surface topography of the machined surface. The geometric parameters mainly include the tool nose arc profile parameters, angle parameters and surface roughness of the rake face Wait. The profile of the tool nose directly interacts with the workpiece, which affects the shape accuracy and surface topography of the workpiece; the relief angle can represent the sharpness of the turning tool, and also indicates the extrusion and friction effect of the flank on the workpiece surface after cutting; the rake angle also It will affect the sharpness of the turning tool, and at the same time, the surface roughness of the rake face will affect the chip formation and outflow process. Therefore, whether it is the parameter detection of the turning tool when it leaves the factory or the grinding and dressing of the turning tool after wear, it is very important to accurately obtain the geometric parameters.
目前测量圆弧刃车刀几何参数的方法主要为机器视觉法，基本操作是对图片进行二值化和边缘提取，再对提取的轮廓进行圆弧拟合，主要用于测量刀尖轮廓参数，但是该方法存在重复性不高，无法同时获取多个参数等限制。而三维测量方法由于不受测量角度的影响，可以获得很好的重复性，并能够在单次测量中获取多个几何参数，但圆弧刃车刀前刀面与后刀面间的斜率较大，一些三维测量方法存在最大测量角度的限制。变焦测量方法一种光学的表面形貌测量方法，既有传统的光学方法无损特点，又有其特有的快速测量、可实现大斜率面测量的特点，适用于圆弧刃车刀三维测量及几何参数提取。At present, the method of measuring the geometric parameters of the arc edge turning tool is mainly the machine vision method. The basic operation is to binarize the image and extract the edge, and then perform the arc fitting to the extracted contour, which is mainly used to measure the contour parameters of the tool nose. However, this method has limitations such as low repeatability and inability to obtain multiple parameters at the same time. The three-dimensional measurement method can obtain good repeatability because it is not affected by the measurement angle, and can obtain multiple geometric parameters in a single measurement, but the slope between the rake face and the flank face of the arc edge turning tool is relatively Large, some 3D measurement methods have limitations on the maximum measurement angle. Zoom measurement method is an optical surface topography measurement method, which not only has the non-destructive characteristics of traditional optical methods, but also has its unique characteristics of rapid measurement and large-slope surface measurement. It is suitable for three-dimensional measurement and geometric parameter extraction.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种可以有效测量圆弧刃车刀刀尖三维数据，并能够在单次测量中获取多种几何参数的基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统及方法。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional measurement of the geometric parameters of the arc-edge turning tool based on zoom measurement, which can effectively measure the three-dimensional data of the cutting edge of the arc-edge turning tool, and can obtain various geometric parameters in a single measurement. Detection system and method.
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统，包括有用于支撑圆弧刃车刀的载物台，所述载物台上方由下至上沿光路依次设置有物镜、线性位移台、分光棱镜、第二透镜和CCD相机，所述分光棱镜的入射光路上由内向外设置有第一透镜和单色光光源，所述物镜的外侧套有环形光源，所述CCD相机和线性位移台的信号输入输出端分别连接计算机。The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a three-dimensional detection system for the geometrical parameters of an arc edge turning tool based on zoom measurement, which includes a stage for supporting the arc edge turning tool, and the top of the stage goes from bottom to top. The optical path is sequentially provided with an objective lens, a linear displacement stage, a beam splitter prism, a second lens and a CCD camera, the incident light path of the beam splitter prism is provided with a first lens and a monochromatic light source from the inside to the outside, and the outer side of the objective lens is covered with a ring The light source, the signal input and output ends of the CCD camera and the linear displacement stage are respectively connected to the computer.
当测量刀尖图像时，所述的圆弧刃车刀是通过用于夹持圆弧刃车刀的刀具夹具而固定在所述载物台上；所述刀具夹具包括有：用于固定在所述载物台上的转接板，固定在所述转接板上的滑轨，所述滑轨上能够滑动且对称的设置有用于夹住圆弧刃车刀的第一动卡盘和第二动卡盘，所述滑轨的两端分别设置有用于防止所述第一动卡盘和第二动卡盘滑出滑轨的第一挡片和第二挡片。When the tool nose image is measured, the arc edge turning tool is fixed on the stage by a tool holder for holding the arc edge turning tool; the tool holder includes: The adapter plate on the stage is fixed on the sliding rail on the adapter plate, and the sliding rail is slidably and symmetrically provided with a first movable chuck and For the second movable chuck, both ends of the slide rail are respectively provided with a first blocking piece and a second blocking piece for preventing the first movable chuck and the second movable chuck from sliding out of the slide rail.
一种基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统的检测方法，包括如下步骤：A detection method for a three-dimensional detection system for geometric parameters of an arc edge turning tool based on zoom measurement, comprising the following steps:
1)分别获取圆弧刃车刀的前刀面图像序列和刀尖图像序列；1) Obtain the rake face image sequence and the tool nose image sequence of the arc edge turning tool respectively;
2)使用聚焦评价函数分别计算前刀面图像序列和刀尖图像序列中每个像素点的聚焦评价函数值，并去除因样品不规则或杂质而形成的无效像素点；2) Use the focus evaluation function to calculate the focus evaluation function value of each pixel in the rake face image sequence and the tool tip image sequence respectively, and remove invalid pixels formed due to sample irregularities or impurities;
3)使用高斯插值方法得到有效像素点的聚焦评价函数最大值的位置，再滤除异常像素点，分别得到最终圆弧刃车刀的前刀面三维数据和刀尖三维数据；3) Use the Gauss interpolation method to obtain the position of the maximum value of the focus evaluation function of the effective pixel point, and then filter out the abnormal pixel points to obtain the three-dimensional data of the rake face and the three-dimensional data of the tool nose of the final arc edge turning tool;
4)对前刀面三维数据进行最小二乘平面拟合，拟合得到的平面与垂直光轴的平面间的夹角为前角γ，前刀面三维数据去除面形影响后，计算得到前刀面表面粗糙度Sa；4) Perform the least squares plane fitting on the three-dimensional data of the rake face, and the angle between the fitted plane and the plane perpendicular to the optical axis is the rake angle γ. After removing the influence of the surface shape from the three-dimensional data of the rake face, the calculated Surface roughness Sa of blade face ;
5)对刀尖三维数据中的前刀面三维数据进行最小二乘平面拟合，由拟合得到的平面与垂直光轴的平面间的夹角对整体数据旋转调平，得到旋转调平后的前刀面三维数据和后刀面三维数据，旋转调平后前刀面三维数据拟合得到的平面与光轴垂直，从旋转调平后数据中提取刀尖轮廓，分割刀尖轮廓中圆弧数据和直线数据，使用最小二乘法拟合圆弧得到拟合圆弧数据，由拟合圆弧数据得到拟合圆弧中心、圆弧半径R和圆弧角度θ，由刀尖轮廓中圆弧数据与拟合圆弧数据得到圆度ΔR以及轮廓度ΔRi；5) Perform the least squares plane fitting on the three-dimensional data of the rake face in the three-dimensional data of the tool nose, and rotate and level the overall data by the angle between the fitted plane and the plane perpendicular to the optical axis, and obtain the rotated leveling. The three-dimensional data of the rake face and the three-dimensional data of the flank face are obtained. The plane obtained by fitting the three-dimensional data of the rake face after rotating and leveling is perpendicular to the optical axis. The tool nose contour is extracted from the data after rotating and leveling, and the center circle of the tool nose contour is divided. For arc data and straight line data, use the least squares method to fit the arc to obtain the fitted arc data, and obtain the fitted arc center, arc radius R and arc angle θ from the fitted arc data, and obtain the fitted arc center, arc radius R and arc angle θ from the fitted arc data. Arc data and fitting circular arc data to obtain roundness ΔR and profile ΔR i ;
6)过拟合圆弧中心和刀尖轮廓顶点并平行光轴方向确定一平面，旋转调平后的前刀面三维数据和后刀面三维数据分别与所述的平面相交，分别得到第一交线和第二交线，前刀面与后刀面夹角为第一交线和第二交线的夹角β，由此得到后角α＝90-γ-β。6) Overfitting the arc center and the apex of the tool nose profile and determining a plane parallel to the optical axis direction, the three-dimensional data of the rake face and the three-dimensional data of the flank face after the rotation and leveling intersect with the plane respectively, and the first The intersection line and the second intersection line, the included angle between the rake face and the flank face is the included angle β between the first intersection line and the second intersection line, thereby obtaining the relief angle α=90-γ-β.
步骤1)包括：Step 1) includes:
(1.1)打开单色光光源，调节载物台与系统光轴垂直；(1.1) Turn on the monochromatic light source and adjust the stage to be perpendicular to the optical axis of the system;
(1.2)固定圆弧刃车刀于载物台上，使圆弧刃车刀的前刀面对应于物镜；(1.2) Fix the arc edge turning tool on the stage, so that the rake face of the arc edge turning tool corresponds to the objective lens;
(1.3)通过计算机驱动线性位移台对圆弧刃车刀的前刀面进行垂直扫描，同时计算机控制CCD相机进行图像采集，获得不同聚焦程度的前刀面图像序列；(1.3) The rake face of the arc edge turning tool is vertically scanned by the computer-driven linear displacement stage, and at the same time, the computer controls the CCD camera to carry out image acquisition, and obtains the rake face image sequence of different focusing degrees;
(1.4)将圆弧刃车刀卸下，将刀具夹具倾斜安装于载物台上，圆弧刃车刀安装在刀具夹具上，使圆弧刃车刀的刀尖对应于物镜，打开环形光源；(1.4) Remove the arc edge turning tool, install the tool holder on the stage obliquely, install the arc edge turning tool on the tool holder, make the tip of the arc edge turning tool correspond to the objective lens, and turn on the ring light source ;
(1.5)通过计算机驱动线性位移台对圆弧刃车刀的刀尖进行垂直扫描，同时计算机控制CCD相机进行图像采集，获得不同聚焦程度的刀尖图像序列。(1.5) The tool tip of the arc edge turning tool is vertically scanned by the computer-driven linear displacement stage, and the computer controls the CCD camera to collect images to obtain the tool tip image sequence with different focusing degrees.
第(1.1)步所述的调节载物台与系统光轴垂直，是用干涉物镜替换检测系统中的物镜，将平面镜放置在载物台上，调节载物台使CCD相机图像中出现的干涉条纹为一条以下，再将干涉物镜换为检测系统中的物镜。The adjustment stage described in step (1.1) is perpendicular to the optical axis of the system. The objective lens in the detection system is replaced with an interference objective lens, the plane mirror is placed on the stage, and the stage is adjusted to make the interference appearing in the CCD camera image. If the fringe is less than one, then replace the interference objective lens with the objective lens in the detection system.
第(1.5)步包括使用单色光光源的不同光强对圆弧刃车刀的刀尖进行多次垂直扫描。Step (1.5) consists of performing multiple vertical scans of the tip of the arc edge turning tool using different light intensities of the monochromatic light source.
步骤2)所述的使用聚焦评价函数分别计算前刀面图像序列和刀尖图像序列中每个像素点的聚焦评价函数值，是采用如下公式：The use of the focus evaluation function in step 2) to calculate the focus evaluation function value of each pixel in the rake face image sequence and the tool tip image sequence respectively, is to use the following formula:
式中，I(x,y)为像素点，F(x,y)为像素点(x,y)处的聚焦评价函数值。In the formula, I(x, y) is the pixel point, and F(x, y) is the focus evaluation function value at the pixel point (x, y).
步骤2)所述的去除因样品不规则或杂质而形成的无效像素点，是根据聚焦评价函数的无偏性进行无效点的去除，首先设定阈值T，从前刀面图像序列或刀尖图像序列中同一位置像素点的聚焦评价函数值中提取聚焦评价函数值最大的N个像素点的图像序列号，由大到小进行排序，每相邻两个图像序列号进行相减，得到N-1个数值，将N-1个数值相加得到数值K，当数值K大于阈值T，则该像素点为无效像素点，当数值K小于等于阈值T，则该像素点为有效像素点。In step 2), the removal of invalid pixels formed by irregularities or impurities in the sample is to remove invalid points according to the unbiasedness of the focus evaluation function. Extract the image sequence numbers of the N pixels with the largest focus evaluation function value from the focus evaluation function values of the pixels at the same position in the sequence, sort them from large to small, and subtract every two adjacent image serial numbers to obtain N- 1 value, add N-1 values to get the value K, when the value K is greater than the threshold T, the pixel is invalid, and when the value K is less than or equal to the threshold T, the pixel is valid.
步骤3)所述的滤除异常像素点，是使用SUSAN算法进行一致性检验来滤除异常像素点。The step 3) of filtering out abnormal pixels is to use SUSAN algorithm to perform consistency check to filter out abnormal pixels.
步骤5)所述的分割刀尖轮廓中圆弧数据和直线数据，是使用滑动分割点方法。In step 5), the arc data and the straight line data in the cutting tool nose contour are divided by using the sliding dividing point method.
本发明的基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统及方法，使用干涉物镜测量平面镜，调节载物台至CCD相机图像中干涉条纹为一条以下，使载物台与系统光轴垂直；提出变焦测量的无效像素点去除方法，能够有效去除因样品不规则或杂质而形成的无效像素点；使用SUSAN算法进行一致性检验，去除三维数据中的异常像素点；使用滑动分割点方法实现刀尖轮廓中圆弧数据与直线数据的分割；最终能够在单次测量中获取多种几何参数，且提取几何参数不受测量角度的影响，有较好的测量重复性。The three-dimensional detection system and method for the geometric parameters of the arc edge turning tool based on the zoom measurement of the present invention uses the interference objective lens to measure the plane mirror, and adjusts the object stage until the interference fringes in the CCD camera image are less than one, so that the object stage is perpendicular to the optical axis of the system ; A method for removing invalid pixels in zoom measurement is proposed, which can effectively remove invalid pixels caused by irregularities or impurities in the sample; SUSAN algorithm is used for consistency check to remove abnormal pixels in 3D data; using sliding segmentation point method to achieve Segmentation of arc data and straight line data in the tool nose profile; finally, a variety of geometric parameters can be obtained in a single measurement, and the extracted geometric parameters are not affected by the measurement angle, and have good measurement repeatability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the three-dimensional detection system of the arc edge turning tool geometric parameter based on zoom measurement of the present invention;
图2是本发明中刀具夹具的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the tool holder in the present invention;
图3是图2的俯视图；Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2;
图4是本发明的变焦测量方法提取三维数据的流程图；Fig. 4 is the flow chart that the zoom measurement method of the present invention extracts three-dimensional data;
图5是本发明的前刀面三维数据的几何参数提取的流程图；Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the geometric parameter extraction of rake face three-dimensional data of the present invention;
图6是本发明的刀尖三维数据的几何参数提取的流程图；Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the geometric parameter extraction of the three-dimensional data of the tool tip of the present invention;
图中pictured
1：CCD相机 2：第二透镜1: CCD camera 2: Second lens
3：分光棱镜 4：单色光光源3: Beam splitting prism 4: Monochromatic light source
5：线性位移台 6：环形光源5: Linear Stage 6: Ring Light
7：物镜 8：载物台7: Objective 8: Stage
9：计算机 10：第一透镜9: Computer 10: First lens
11：转接板 12：滑轨11: Adapter plate 12: Slide rail
13：第一动卡盘 14：第二动卡盘13: The first moving chuck 14: The second moving chuck
15：第一挡片 16：第二挡片15: First stop 16: Second stop
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明的基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统及方法做出详细说明。The system and method for three-dimensional detection of geometric parameters of an arc edge turning tool based on zoom measurement of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明的基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统，包括有用于支撑圆弧刃车刀的载物台8，所述载物台8上方由下至上沿光路依次设置有物镜7、线性位移台5、分光棱镜3、第二透镜2和CCD相机1，所述分光棱镜3的入射光路上由内向外设置有第一透镜10和单色光光源4，所述物镜7的外侧套有环形光源6，所述CCD相机1和线性位移台5的信号输入输出端分别连接计算机9。As shown in FIG. 1 , the three-dimensional detection system for the geometric parameters of the arc edge turning tool based on the zoom measurement of the present invention includes a stage 8 for supporting the arc edge turning tool, and the top of the stage 8 is from bottom to top. The optical path is sequentially provided with an objective lens 7, a linear displacement stage 5, a beam splitting prism 3, a second lens 2 and a CCD camera 1, and the incident light path of the beam splitting prism 3 is provided with a first lens 10 and a monochromatic light source 4 from the inside to the outside, The outer side of the objective lens 7 is covered with a ring light source 6 , and the signal input and output ends of the CCD camera 1 and the linear displacement stage 5 are respectively connected to a computer 9 .
当测量刀尖图像时，所述的圆弧刃车刀是通过用于夹持圆弧刃车刀的刀具夹具而固定在所述载物台8上；所述刀具夹具如图2、图3所示，包括有：用于固定在所述载物台8上的转接板11，固定在所述转接板11上的滑轨12，所述滑轨12上能够滑动且对称的设置有用于夹住圆弧刃车刀的第一动卡盘13和第二动卡盘14，所述滑轨12的两端分别设置有用于防止所述第一动卡盘13和第二动卡盘14滑出滑轨12的第一挡片15和第二挡片16。When measuring the tool nose image, the arc edge turning tool is fixed on the stage 8 by a tool holder for holding the arc edge turning tool; the tool holder is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes: an adapter plate 11 for fixing on the stage 8, a slide rail 12 fixed on the adapter plate 11, and the sliding rail 12 is slidable and symmetrically arranged. In order to clamp the first movable chuck 13 and the second movable chuck 14 of the arc edge turning tool, the two ends of the slide rail 12 are respectively provided with the first movable chuck 13 and the second movable chuck to prevent the first movable chuck 13 and the second movable chuck. 14 Slide out the first blocking piece 15 and the second blocking piece 16 of the slide rail 12 .
如图4、图5和图6所示，本发明的基于变焦测量的圆弧刃车刀几何参数三维检测系统的检测方法，包括如下步骤：As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the detection method of the three-dimensional detection system of the geometric parameter of the arc edge turning tool based on the zoom measurement of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)分别获取圆弧刃车刀的前刀面图像序列和刀尖图像序列；包括：1) Obtain the rake face image sequence and the tool nose image sequence of the arc edge turning tool respectively; including:
(1.1)打开单色光光源，调节载物台与系统光轴垂直，是用干涉物镜替换检测系统中的物镜，将平面镜放置在载物台上，调节载物台使CCD相机图像中出现的干涉条纹为一条以下，再将干涉物镜换为检测系统中的物镜。(1.1) Turn on the monochromatic light source, adjust the stage to be perpendicular to the optical axis of the system, replace the objective lens in the detection system with an interference objective lens, place the plane mirror on the stage, and adjust the stage to make the object appear in the CCD camera image If the interference fringes are less than one, then replace the interference objective lens with the objective lens in the detection system.
(1.2)固定圆弧刃车刀于载物台上，使圆弧刃车刀的前刀面对应于物镜；(1.2) Fix the arc edge turning tool on the stage, so that the rake face of the arc edge turning tool corresponds to the objective lens;
(1.3)设置步距和测量范围，通过计算机驱动线性位移台对圆弧刃车刀的前刀面进行垂直扫描，同时计算机控制CCD相机进行图像采集，获得不同聚焦程度的前刀面图像序列；(1.3) Set the step distance and measurement range, and vertically scan the rake face of the arc edge turning tool through the computer-driven linear displacement stage, and at the same time, the computer controls the CCD camera to perform image acquisition to obtain the rake face image sequence with different degrees of focus;
(1.4)将圆弧刃车刀卸下，将刀具夹具倾斜安装于载物台上，圆弧刃车刀安装在刀具夹具上，使圆弧刃车刀的刀尖对应于物镜，打开环形光源；(1.4) Remove the arc edge turning tool, install the tool holder on the stage obliquely, install the arc edge turning tool on the tool holder, make the tip of the arc edge turning tool correspond to the objective lens, and turn on the ring light source ;
(1.5)通过计算机驱动线性位移台对圆弧刃车刀的刀尖进行垂直扫描，是使用单色光光源的不同光强对圆弧刃车刀的刀尖进行多次垂直扫描，同时计算机控制CCD相机进行图像采集，获得不同聚焦程度的刀尖图像序列。(1.5) The tool tip of the arc edge turning tool is vertically scanned by the computer-driven linear displacement stage. The different light intensities of the monochromatic light source are used to vertically scan the tool tip of the arc edge turning tool for multiple times. At the same time, the computer controls The CCD camera is used for image acquisition to obtain the image sequence of the tool tip with different focusing degrees.
2)使用聚焦评价函数分别计算前刀面图像序列和刀尖图像序列中每个像素点的聚焦评价函数值，并去除因样品不规则或杂质而形成的无效像素点；其中，2) Use the focus evaluation function to calculate the focus evaluation function value of each pixel point in the rake face image sequence and the tool tip image sequence respectively, and remove the invalid pixel points formed due to sample irregularities or impurities; wherein,
所述的使用聚焦评价函数分别计算前刀面图像序列和刀尖图像序列中每个像素点的聚焦评价函数值，是采用如下公式：The use of the focus evaluation function to calculate the focus evaluation function value of each pixel in the rake face image sequence and the tool tip image sequence respectively adopts the following formula:
式中，I(x,y)为像素点，F(x,y)为像素点I(x,y)处计算结果。In the formula, I(x,y) is the pixel point, and F(x,y) is the calculation result at the pixel point I(x,y).
所述的去除因样品不规则或杂质而形成的无效像素点，是根据聚焦评价函数的无偏性进行无效点的去除，首先设定阈值T，从前刀面图像序列或刀尖图像序列中同一位置像素点的聚焦评价函数值中提取聚焦评价函数值最大的N个像素点的图像序列号，由大到小进行排序，每相邻两个图像序列号进行相减，得到N-1个数值，将N-1个数值相加得到数值K，当数值K大于阈值T，则该像素点为无效像素点，当数值K小于等于阈值T，则该像素点为有效像素点。The described removal of invalid pixels due to sample irregularities or impurities is to remove invalid points according to the unbiasedness of the focus evaluation function. First, the threshold value T is set, and the same is obtained from the rake face image sequence or the tool tip image sequence. The image sequence numbers of the N pixels with the largest focus evaluation function value are extracted from the focus evaluation function value of the position pixel, sorted from large to small, and each adjacent two image serial numbers are subtracted to obtain N-1 values. , add N-1 values to get the value K, when the value K is greater than the threshold T, the pixel is invalid, and when the value K is less than or equal to the threshold T, the pixel is valid.
3)使用高斯插值方法得到有效像素点的聚焦评价函数最大值的位置，再滤除异常像素点，分别得到最终圆弧刃车刀的前刀面三维数据和刀尖三维数据；所述的滤除异常像素点，是使用SUSAN算法进行一致性检验来滤除异常像素点。SUSAN算子使用的是一个由37个像素点组成的近似圆形的模板，使用模板遍历图像，如果模板内图像的像素点I(x,y)与模板内图像的中心像素点I(x0,y0)的差值的绝对值小于设定阈值t，则认为像素点I(x,y)与中心像素点I(x0,y0)相同，该判别函数可定义如下：3) Use the Gauss interpolation method to obtain the position of the maximum value of the focus evaluation function of the effective pixel points, and then filter out the abnormal pixel points to obtain the three-dimensional data of the rake face and the three-dimensional data of the tool tip of the final arc edge turning tool; In addition to abnormal pixels, the SUSAN algorithm is used to filter out abnormal pixels by consistency check. The SUSAN operator uses an approximately circular template composed of 37 pixels, and uses the template to traverse the image. , y 0 ), the absolute value of the difference is less than the set threshold t, then the pixel point I(x, y) is considered to be the same as the central pixel point I(x 0 , y 0 ). The discriminant function can be defined as follows:
满足数值c(x,y)小于设定阈值t的像素点I(x,y)构成了核值相似区，核值相似区内像素点I(x,y)的数值c(x,y)的累加和为M，当数值M大于设定阈值g，则中心像素点为正常像素点，当数值M小于等于设定阈值g，则中心像素点为异常像素点。一致性检验可以在尽量不改变原有数据的基础上有效去除异常像素点，之后得到最终的重构数据。The pixel point I(x,y) whose value c(x,y) is less than the set threshold t constitutes the kernel value similarity area, and the value c(x,y) of the pixel point I(x,y) in the kernel value similarity area The accumulated sum of M is M. When the value M is greater than the set threshold g, the center pixel is a normal pixel, and when the value M is less than or equal to the set threshold g, the center pixel is an abnormal pixel. The consistency check can effectively remove abnormal pixels without changing the original data as much as possible, and then obtain the final reconstructed data.
4)对前刀面三维数据进行最小二乘平面拟合，拟合得到的平面与垂直光轴的平面间的夹角为前角γ，前刀面三维数据去除面形影响后，计算得到前刀面表面粗糙度Sa；4) Perform the least squares plane fitting on the three-dimensional data of the rake face, and the angle between the fitted plane and the plane perpendicular to the optical axis is the rake angle γ. After removing the influence of the surface shape from the three-dimensional data of the rake face, the calculated Surface roughness Sa of blade face ;
5)对刀尖三维数据中的前刀面三维数据进行最小二乘平面拟合，由拟合得到的平面与垂直光轴的平面间的夹角对整体数据旋转调平，得到旋转调平后的前刀面三维数据和后刀面三维数据，旋转调平后前刀面三维数据拟合得到的平面与光轴垂直，从旋转调平后数据中提取刀尖轮廓，使用滑动分割点方法分割刀尖轮廓中圆弧数据和直线数据，使用最小二乘法拟合圆弧得到拟合圆弧数据；所述的滑动分割点方法，是指刀尖轮廓可以分成一段圆弧以及连接在圆弧两端的第一直线和第二直线，在刀尖轮廓中设置第一分割点和第二分割点，所述第一分割点为第一直线与圆弧左端点的连接点，所述第二分割点为圆弧右端点与第二直线的连接点，当第一分割点和第二分割点移动时，可以得到一系列分割后的数据，对第一分割点之前的数据和第二分割点之后的数据进行最小二乘直线拟合，对第一分割点和第二分割点之间的数据进行最小二乘圆弧拟合，得到拟合圆弧数据和拟合直线数据，拟合圆弧数据和拟合直线数据与刀尖轮廓对应数据点的差值的绝对值和最小时的分割点，为最终的第一分割点和第二分割点。由拟合圆弧数据得到拟合圆弧中心、圆弧半径R和圆弧角度θ，由刀尖轮廓中圆弧数据与拟合圆弧数据得到圆度ΔR以及轮廓度ΔRi；5) Perform the least squares plane fitting on the three-dimensional data of the rake face in the three-dimensional data of the tool nose, and rotate and level the overall data by the angle between the fitted plane and the plane perpendicular to the optical axis, and obtain the rotated leveling. The three-dimensional data of the rake face and the three-dimensional data of the flank face, the plane obtained by fitting the three-dimensional data of the rake face after rotation and leveling is perpendicular to the optical axis, and the tool nose contour is extracted from the data after rotation and leveling, and the sliding segmentation point method is used to segment The arc data and straight line data in the tool nose contour are fitted with the least squares method to obtain the fitted arc data; the sliding split point method means that the tool nose contour can be divided into an arc and connected in two arcs. The first straight line and the second straight line at the end, set the first dividing point and the second dividing point in the tool nose profile, the first dividing point is the connection point between the first straight line and the left end point of the arc, the second dividing point The split point is the connection point between the right endpoint of the arc and the second straight line. When the first split point and the second split point move, a series of split data can be obtained. For the data before the first split point and the second split point The following data are fitted by least squares straight line, and the data between the first and second dividing points are fitted by least squares arc to obtain fitted circular arc data and fitted straight line data, and fitted circular arc The absolute value of the difference between the data and the fitted line data and the corresponding data point of the tool nose contour and the minimum split point are the final first split point and second split point. Obtain the fitting circular arc center, the circular arc radius R and the circular arc angle θ from the fitting circular arc data, and obtain the roundness ΔR and the profile degree ΔR i from the circular arc data in the tool nose profile and the fitting circular arc data;
6)过拟合圆弧中心和刀尖轮廓顶点并平行光轴方向确定一平面，旋转调平后的前刀面三维数据和后刀面三维数据分别与所述的平面相交，分别得到第一交线和第二交线，前刀面与后刀面夹角为第一交线和第二交线的夹角β，由此得到后角α＝90-γ-β。6) Overfitting the arc center and the apex of the tool nose profile and determining a plane parallel to the optical axis direction, the three-dimensional data of the rake face and the three-dimensional data of the flank face after the rotation and leveling intersect with the plane respectively, and the first The intersection line and the second intersection line, the included angle between the rake face and the flank face is the included angle β between the first intersection line and the second intersection line, thereby obtaining the relief angle α=90-γ-β.
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