CN110068137B - Direct high-power liquid metal sodium heating system and heating method - Google Patents
Direct high-power liquid metal sodium heating system and heating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110068137B CN110068137B CN201910345121.2A CN201910345121A CN110068137B CN 110068137 B CN110068137 B CN 110068137B CN 201910345121 A CN201910345121 A CN 201910345121A CN 110068137 B CN110068137 B CN 110068137B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
- F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
- F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
- F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
Abstract
A direct high-power liquid sodium metal heating system and heating method, the system includes six high-power heater heating units connected in series, each heating unit includes electric heater, inlet valve, outlet valve and bypass valve; an electric heating rod in each high-power heater is inserted from one end of a flat cover end, and liquid metal sodium horizontally flows in the heater and carries out heat convection with the electric heating rod; the high-power heaters of all units of the whole system are mutually isolated, the power of each high-power heater can be independently adjusted, automatic feedback adjustment is introduced, the requirement on the sodium temperature under different test working conditions is met, and the flexibility and operability of the whole heating system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid metal heating, in particular to a direct high-power liquid metal sodium heating system and a direct high-power liquid metal sodium heating method.
Background
The sodium-water steam generator is an important junction of a second loop and a third loop of the sodium-cooled fast reactor, and heats the heat generated by the reactor to main feed water to generate steam so as to drive a steam turbine to do work. Meanwhile, the steam generator is also an important barrier for separating the two loops from the three loops, and the rupture of the heat transfer pipe can cause serious sodium water reaction, so that serious safety accidents are caused, and the safety and the stability of the operation of the nuclear power station are influenced. In the research of the sodium-cooled fast reactor and the test of the steam generator, a plurality of researches and researches on documents find that several countries which develop the fast reactor earlier utilize a fuel gas heating mode to replace the heat output by the reactor. Among them, the indian sgtf (steam Generator Test facility) rack of 5.5MW power and the japanese sgtf (steam Generator Test facility) rack of 50MW power are heated by gas, and the us sgtr (steam Generator Test rig) rack of 2MW power also uses a flame heater. The flame heating mode has inherent boiler matching and processing problems, and simultaneously, the heating mode increases a large amount of uncertainty in operation and safety of the boiler, improves the level of test risk assessment, and increases the probability of major accidents.
According to the operation experience of the existing experiment, the electric heating mode of the sodium working medium can be divided into three types: electric heating wire heating, multi-stage heating in the pipe and heating rod heating. The heating of the electric heating wire is realized by increasing the temperature of the fluid to a rated working condition through radial heat conduction of the electric heating wire wound on the container or the pipeline, the heat loss of the radiation type heating mode is large, the heating power of a single heating wire is small, the surface volume of the container is limited, and the radiation type heating mode is suitable for low-power low-temperature heating; the multi-stage heating in the tube is a heating mode with insulation and heat conduction effects by flowing sodium in the inner tube for heat exchange and electrifying the outer tube for heating, magnesium oxide powder is filled between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the heating mode also has the influence of large radiation heat exchange loss; the heating rod is directly inserted into the heating container for heating, and heat is transferred through convection heat exchange between sodium and the surface of the heating rod, so that the heating mode is direct in design and small in heat loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a direct high-power liquid metal sodium heating system and a heating method, which meet the requirements of research and development test verification of large-scale equipment such as a sodium-cooled fast reactor steam generator, a heat exchanger and the like through reasonable heating rod arrangement and selection of a proper heating and adjusting mode and through convective heat transfer of the heating rods, provide conventional energy for replacing nuclear energy for testing, and have the advantages of simple and feasible heater design, practicability, effectiveness, high safety and economy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a direct high-power liquid sodium metal heating system comprises six high-power heaters and connecting pipelines thereof, wherein the six high-power heaters are sequentially connected in series; liquid metal sodium enters a heating system and firstly enters a first three-way interface, a first outlet of the first three-way interface is connected with an inlet end of a first high-power heater 1 through a first inlet valve 201, and a second outlet of the first three-way interface is connected with a first bypass valve 401; the outlet end of the first high-power heater 1 is connected with a first outlet valve 301, a pipeline at the rear end of the first outlet valve 301 is connected with a second three-way connector after being converged with a pipeline at the rear end of the first bypass valve 401, and subsequent pipelines are connected with other high-power heaters in the same structure; the bypass valve and the bypass pipeline are mainly used under two working conditions, one of the working conditions is that when the online maintenance works, the liquid metal sodium does not flow through the high-power heater, so that the maintenance and the online work are conveniently carried out at the same time; secondly, under the working condition of low-power heating, the liquid metal sodium only flows through part of the heater, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing flow resistance and controlling the outlet temperature; the six high-power heaters are respectively a first high-power heater 1, a second high-power heater 2, a third high-power heater 3, a fourth high-power heater 4, a fifth high-power heater 5 and a sixth high-power heater 6; the first high power heater 1, the first inlet valve 201, the first outlet valve 301 and the first bypass valve 401 constitute a first heating unit; the second high-power heater 2, the second inlet valve 202, the second outlet valve 302 and the second bypass valve 402 form a second heating unit, and so on, so as to form six heating units, and the structures of the heating units are the same; each heating unit is wrapped with a heating wire and heat insulation cotton at the outer layer, and the temperature of the whole heating system is enabled to reach above the solidification point of sodium when the heating unit is started, so that the pipe blockage accident caused by the solidification of sodium is prevented; the system also comprises a PLC control cabinet 7 connected with each high-power heater and a control system 8 connected with the PLC control cabinet 7;
the six high-power heaters have the same structure, wherein the first high-power heater 1 comprises a heater cylinder 107, an equipment flange 104 positioned at one end of the heater cylinder 107, and an inlet flat cover 103 arranged at the outer end of the equipment flange 104 and connected with the equipment flange 104 through a full-thread stud 105; the other end of the heater cylinder 107 is an outlet end with a semicircular section, and the middle part of the outlet end is provided with an outlet pipeline 113; a distribution plate 106 radially disposed within the heater cylinder 107 adjacent the appliance flange 104, a support plate 108 radially disposed within the heater cylinder 107 adjacent the outlet end; an inlet pipe 101 positioned in the middle of the inlet flat cover 103, wherein an inlet blind pipe 115 is arranged inside the inlet pipe 101, a gap for liquid metal sodium to flow out is reserved between the inlet pipe 101 and the inlet blind pipe 115, and two ends of the inlet blind pipe 115 are respectively fixed on the distribution plate 106 and the support plate 108; the inner ends of a plurality of electric heating rods 102 axially inserted from the inlet flat cover 103 are fixed on the support plate 108, and the plurality of electric heating rods 102 are uniformly distributed on the inlet flat cover 103 in a regular triangular distribution manner; the inlet pipeline 101 and the outlet pipeline 113 are respectively provided with an inlet temperature thermocouple 111 and an outlet temperature thermocouple 112; a sewage draining outlet 110 is arranged at the bottom of the heater cylinder 107; liquid metal sodium enters the first high-power heater 1 from the inlet pipeline 101 and then is distributed to the upper part and the lower part of the first high-power heater, then is rectified by the distribution plate 106 and then carries out convective heat exchange with the uniformly distributed electric heating rods 102, and then flows out from the outlet pipeline 113, and the plurality of electric heating rods 102 carry out convective heat exchange with the liquid metal sodium in the first high-power heater.
The bottom of the heater cylinder 107 is provided with a saddle support 109.
The materials of the heater cylinder 107 and the inlet flat cover 103 are stainless steel, 146 electric heating rods 102 on the inlet flat cover 103 are uniformly distributed, and the power of each electric heating rod is 13.7 KW.
The power of the first high-power heater 1, the second high-power heater 2, the third high-power heater 3, the fourth high-power heater 4, the fifth high-power heater 5 and the sixth high-power heater 6 is 2MW, and the total power is 12 MW.
All the heating units adopt a PLC control cabinet 7 to adjust the heating power, and the power of each high-power heater can be independently adjusted so as to meet the requirements on the sodium temperature under different test working conditions; meanwhile, all the inlet valves, the outlet valves and the bypass valves adopt electric control valves.
The heating method of the direct high-power liquid metal sodium heating system comprises the following steps of firstly, opening inlet valves and outlet valves of six liquid metal heaters, and pumping liquid metal sodium into the heating system; then, controlling the heating power to slowly rise by six high-power heaters so as to enable the temperature of the liquid metal sodium in the heating system to stably rise; meanwhile, the power of each stage of high-power heater is adjusted according to the temperature difference between the outlet temperature of each stage of heating unit, the outlet temperature of the heating system and the temperature required by the working condition, so that the liquid metal sodium is heated to the required temperature; when the high-power heating system needs to be shut down, the first high-power heater 1 to the fourth high-power heater 4 are sequentially and slowly shut down, meanwhile, the power of the fifth high-power heater 5 and the power of the sixth high-power heater 6 are slowly reduced, and after all liquid metal sodium is emptied, the fifth high-power heater 5 and the sixth high-power heater 6 are shut down.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the liquid metal sodium and the electric heating rod carry out direct convective heat transfer, and meanwhile, the electric heating rod is inserted from one end of the flat cover at the inlet of the heater, so that the internal space of the heater is fully utilized, and the space cost and the economic cost of the high-power heater are reduced to the greatest extent while the heating efficiency is ensured;
2. each high-power heater of the heater system can independently adjust power, and under the accident working condition or the low-power operation working condition, each high-power heater can be completely isolated by opening and closing an inlet valve and an outlet valve without influencing the operation and use of other high-power heaters;
3. each heating unit of the heating system is an independent system, and under a normal working condition or an accident working condition, a bypass can be used for flow regulation, accident isolation and online maintenance, so that the flexibility and operability of the whole system are enhanced;
4. an automatic feedback regulation scheme is introduced, so that the temperature of the sodium outlet of the whole heating system can meet the requirement of experimental working conditions.
In a word, the heating system structure can complete the temperature control of the liquid metal sodium, the whole system is economic, efficient, safe and reliable, and the high-power electric heating of the liquid metal sodium becomes possible.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a direct type liquid sodium metal high-power heating system.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a high power heater.
Fig. 3 is a side view of a high power heater.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, a direct high-power liquid sodium metal heating system includes six high-power heaters connected in series in sequence and connecting pipes thereof; liquid metal sodium enters a heating system and firstly enters a first three-way interface, a first outlet of the first three-way interface is connected with an inlet end of a first high-power heater 1 through a first inlet valve 201, and a second outlet of the first three-way interface is connected with a first bypass valve 401; the outlet end of the first high-power heater 1 is connected with a first outlet valve 301, a pipeline at the rear end of the first outlet valve 301 is connected with a second three-way connector after being converged with a pipeline at the rear end of the first bypass valve 401, and subsequent pipelines are connected with other high-power heaters in the same structure; the bypass valve and the bypass pipeline are mainly used under two working conditions, one of the working conditions is that when the online maintenance works, the liquid metal sodium does not flow through the high-power heater, so that the maintenance and the online work are conveniently carried out at the same time; secondly, under the working condition of low-power heating, the liquid metal sodium only flows through part of the heater, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing flow resistance and controlling the outlet temperature; the six high-power heaters are respectively a first high-power heater 1, a second high-power heater 2, a third high-power heater 3, a fourth high-power heater 4, a fifth high-power heater 5 and a sixth high-power heater 6, and the power of each high-power heater is 2MW, which is 12MW in total. The first high power heater 1, the first inlet valve 201, the first outlet valve 301 and the first bypass valve 401 constitute a first heating unit; the second high power heater 2, the second inlet valve 202, the second outlet valve 302 and the second bypass valve 402 constitute a second heating unit; the third high power heater 3, the third inlet valve 203, the third outlet valve 303 and the third bypass valve 403 constitute a third heating unit; the fourth high power heater 4, fourth inlet valve 204, fourth outlet valve 304 and fourth bypass valve 404 constitute a fourth heating unit; the fifth high power heater 5, the fifth inlet valve 205, the fifth outlet valve 305 and the fifth bypass valve 405 constitute a fifth heating unit; the sixth high power heater 6, the sixth inlet valve 206, the sixth outlet valve 306 and the sixth bypass valve 406 constitute a sixth heating unit, and the structure of each heating unit is the same; each heating unit is wrapped with a heating wire and heat insulation cotton at the outer layer, and the temperature of the whole heating system is enabled to reach above the solidification point of sodium when the heating unit is started, so that the pipe blockage accident caused by the solidification of sodium is prevented; the device also comprises a PLC control cabinet 7 connected with each high-power heater and a control system 8 connected with the PLC control cabinet 7.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the six high-power heaters have the same structure, wherein the first high-power heater 1 comprises a heater cylinder 107, an equipment flange 104 positioned at one end of the heater cylinder 107, and an inlet flat cover 103 arranged at the outer end of the equipment flange 104 and connected with the equipment flange 104 through a full-thread stud 105; the other end of the heater cylinder 107 is an outlet end with a semicircular section, and the middle part of the outlet end is provided with an outlet pipeline 113; a distribution plate 106 radially disposed within the heater cylinder 107 adjacent the appliance flange 104, a support plate 108 radially disposed within the heater cylinder 107 adjacent the outlet end; an inlet pipe 101 positioned in the middle of the inlet flat cover 103, wherein an inlet blind pipe 115 is arranged inside the inlet pipe 101, a gap for liquid metal sodium to flow out is reserved between the inlet pipe 101 and the inlet blind pipe 115, and two ends of the inlet blind pipe 115 are respectively fixed on the distribution plate 106 and the support plate 108; the inner ends of a plurality of electric heating rods 102 axially inserted from the inlet flat cover 103 are fixed on the support plate 108, and the plurality of electric heating rods 102 are uniformly distributed on the inlet flat cover 103 in a regular triangular distribution manner; the inlet pipeline 101 and the outlet pipeline 113 are respectively provided with an inlet temperature thermocouple 111 and an outlet temperature thermocouple 112; a sewage draining outlet 110 is arranged at the bottom of the heater cylinder 107; liquid metal sodium enters the first high-power heater 1 from the inlet pipeline 101 and then is distributed to the upper part and the lower part of the first high-power heater, then is rectified by the distribution plate 106 and then carries out convective heat exchange with the uniformly distributed electric heating rods 102, and then flows out from the outlet pipeline 113, and the plurality of electric heating rods 102 carry out convective heat exchange with the liquid metal sodium in the first high-power heater.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a saddle 109 is provided at the bottom of the heater cylinder 107.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the materials of the heater cylinder 107 and the inlet flat cover 103 are both stainless steel, 146 electric heating rods 102 of the inlet flat cover 103 are uniformly arranged, and the power of each electric heating rod is 13.7 KW.
The power of the first high-power heater 1, the second high-power heater 2, the third high-power heater 3, the fourth high-power heater 4, the fifth high-power heater 5 and the sixth high-power heater 6 is 2MW, and the total power is 12 MW.
All heating systems adopt a PLC control cabinet 7 to adjust heating power, and the power of each high-power heater can be independently adjusted to meet the requirements on sodium temperature under different test working conditions; meanwhile, all the inlet valves, the outlet valves and the bypass valves adopt electric control valves, so that the whole heating system is more efficient and flexible.
The heating method of the direct high-power liquid metal sodium heating system comprises the following steps of firstly, opening inlet valves and outlet valves of all six liquid metal heaters, and pumping the liquid metal sodium into the heating system; then starting all six high-power heaters, and controlling the heating power to slowly rise so as to stably rise the temperature of the liquid metal sodium in the heating system; meanwhile, the power of each stage of high-power heater is adjusted according to the temperature difference between the outlet temperature of each stage of heating unit, the outlet temperature of the heating system and the temperature required by the working condition, so that the liquid metal sodium is heated to the required temperature; when the high-power heating system needs to be shut down, the first high-power heater 1 to the fourth high-power heater 4 are sequentially and slowly shut down, meanwhile, the power of the fifth high-power heater 5 and the power of the sixth high-power heater 6 are slowly reduced, and after all liquid metal sodium is emptied, the fifth high-power heater 5 and the sixth high-power heater 6 are shut down.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A direct type liquid metal sodium high-power heating system is characterized in that: the device comprises six high-power heaters and connecting pipelines thereof which are sequentially connected in series; liquid metal sodium enters a heating system and firstly enters a first three-way interface, a first outlet of the first three-way interface is connected with an inlet end of a first high-power heater (1) through a first inlet valve (201), and a second outlet of the first three-way interface is connected with a first bypass valve (401); the outlet end of the first high-power heater (1) is connected with a first outlet valve (301), a pipeline at the rear end of the first outlet valve (301) is connected with a second three-way connector after meeting with a pipeline at the rear end of the first bypass valve (401), and subsequent pipelines are connected with other high-power heaters in the same structure; the bypass valve and the bypass pipeline are mainly used under two working conditions, one of the working conditions is that when the online maintenance works, the liquid metal sodium does not flow through the high-power heater, so that the maintenance and the online work are conveniently carried out at the same time; secondly, under the working condition of low-power heating, the liquid metal sodium only flows through part of the heater, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing flow resistance and controlling the outlet temperature; the six high-power heaters are respectively a first high-power heater (1), a second high-power heater (2), a third high-power heater (3), a fourth high-power heater (4), a fifth high-power heater (5) and a sixth high-power heater (6); the first high-power heater (1), the first inlet valve (201), the first outlet valve (301) and the first bypass valve (401) form a first heating unit; the second high-power heater (2), the second inlet valve (202), the second outlet valve (302) and the second bypass valve (402) form a second heating unit, and the like, six heating units are formed, and the structures of all the heating units are the same; each heating unit is wrapped with a heating wire and heat insulation cotton at the outer layer, and the temperature of the whole heating system is enabled to reach above the solidification point of sodium when the heating unit is started, so that the pipe blockage accident caused by the solidification of sodium is prevented; the device also comprises a PLC control cabinet (7) connected with each high-power heater and a control system (8) connected with the PLC control cabinet (7);
the six high-power heaters are identical in structure, wherein the first high-power heater (1) comprises a heater cylinder (107), an equipment flange (104) positioned at one end of the heater cylinder (107), and an inlet flat cover (103) arranged at the outer end of the equipment flange (104) and connected with the equipment flange (104) through a full-thread stud (105); the other end of the heater cylinder (107) is an outlet end with a semicircular section, and the middle part of the outlet end is provided with an outlet pipeline (113); a distribution plate (106) radially disposed within the heater cylinder (107) adjacent the equipment flange (104), and a support plate (108) radially disposed within the heater cylinder (107) adjacent the outlet end; an inlet pipeline (101) is positioned in the middle of the inlet flat cover (103), an inlet blind pipe (115) is arranged inside the inlet pipeline (101), a gap for liquid metal sodium to flow out is reserved between the inlet pipeline (101) and the inlet blind pipe (115), and two ends of the inlet blind pipe (115) are respectively fixed on the distribution plate (106) and the support plate (108); the inner ends of a plurality of electric heating rods (102) axially inserted from the inlet flat cover (103) are fixed on the support plate (108), and the plurality of electric heating rods (102) are uniformly distributed on the inlet flat cover (103) in a regular triangular distribution manner; the inlet pipeline (101) and the outlet pipeline (113) are respectively provided with an inlet temperature thermocouple (111) and an outlet temperature thermocouple (112); a sewage draining outlet (110) is arranged at the bottom of the heater cylinder (107); liquid metal sodium enters the first high-power heater (1) from the inlet pipeline (101) and then is shunted to the upper part and the lower part of the first high-power heater, then is rectified with the distribution plate (106) and then carries out convective heat transfer with the uniformly distributed electric heating rods (102), and then flows out from the outlet pipeline (113), and the plurality of electric heating rods (102) and the liquid metal sodium in the first high-power heater carry out convective heat transfer.
2. A direct liquid sodium metal high power heating system according to claim 1, wherein: and a saddle-type support (109) is arranged at the bottom of the heater cylinder (107).
3. A direct liquid sodium metal high power heating system according to claim 1, wherein: the heater cylinder (107) and the inlet flat cover (103) are made of stainless steel, 146 electric heating rods (102) are uniformly distributed on the inlet flat cover (103), and the power of each electric heating rod is 13.7 KW.
4. A direct liquid sodium metal high power heating system according to claim 1, wherein: the power of the first high-power heater (1), the second high-power heater (2), the third high-power heater (3), the fourth high-power heater (4), the fifth high-power heater (5) and the sixth high-power heater (6) is 2MW, and the total power is 12 MW.
5. A direct liquid sodium metal high power heating system according to claim 1, wherein: all the heating units adopt a PLC control cabinet (7) to adjust the heating power, and the power of each high-power heater can be independently adjusted so as to meet the requirements on the sodium temperature under different test working conditions; meanwhile, all the inlet valves, the outlet valves and the bypass valves adopt electric control valves.
6. A heating method of a direct high-power liquid sodium metal heating system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: firstly, opening inlet valves and outlet valves of six liquid metal heaters, and pumping liquid metal sodium into a heating system; then, controlling the heating power to slowly rise by six high-power heaters so as to enable the temperature of the liquid metal sodium in the heating system to stably rise; meanwhile, the power of each stage of high-power heater is adjusted according to the temperature difference between the outlet temperature of each stage of heating unit, the outlet temperature of the heating system and the temperature required by the working condition, so that the liquid metal sodium is heated to the required temperature; when the high-power heating system needs to be closed, the first high-power heater (1) to the fourth high-power heater (4) are sequentially and slowly closed, meanwhile, the power of the fifth high-power heater (5) and the power of the sixth high-power heater (6) are slowly reduced, and after all liquid metal sodium is emptied, the fifth high-power heater (5) and the sixth high-power heater (6) are closed.
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| CN102322680A (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2012-01-18 | 西安交通大学 | Liquid metal sodium experimental loop electrical heating preheater |
| CN102288052B (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2012-11-28 | 西安交通大学 | Liquid-state metal-sodium regenerative heater and heating method thereof |
| DE102014102474A1 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2015-08-27 | Sandvik Materials Technology Deutschland Gmbh | Heating element and process heater |
| CN108286799B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2020-05-26 | 西安交通大学 | High-power liquid metal sodium heating system and adjusting method thereof |
| CN108444092A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-08-24 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Preheater for being heated to liquid alloy |
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