CN108286799B - High-power liquid metal sodium heating system and adjusting method thereof - Google Patents
High-power liquid metal sodium heating system and adjusting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108286799B CN108286799B CN201810037587.1A CN201810037587A CN108286799B CN 108286799 B CN108286799 B CN 108286799B CN 201810037587 A CN201810037587 A CN 201810037587A CN 108286799 B CN108286799 B CN 108286799B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
- F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
- F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
- F24H1/14—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
- F24H1/142—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form using electric energy supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
- F24H9/001—Guiding means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/12—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes
- F24H9/13—Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes for water heaters
- F24H9/133—Storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
- F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
- F24H9/2021—Storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
- F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
- F24H2250/02—Resistances
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Abstract
A high-power liquid sodium metal heating system and a regulating method thereof comprise a plurality of high-power heaters, wherein the power of each heater is 4.2MW, and the heaters are divided into a plurality of heating units. Each heating unit comprises an electric heater, an inlet valve, an outlet valve and a bypass valve. Each heating unit is connected in series, the last heating unit is connected with a reheater, and the reheater further adjusts the temperature of the sodium outlet. The electric heating system introduces argon protection, isolates the reaction of air and other gases with liquid sodium, and simultaneously maintains the pressure stability of the heater in the operations of greatly load shedding, load reduction, load rising and the like. The whole heating system adopts a three-step scheme of on-off type, high-power coarse adjustment and low-power fine adjustment, and introduces automatic feedback adjustment, so that the temperature of a sodium outlet of the whole heating system can meet the requirement of experimental working conditions. The whole heating system is economical, efficient, safe, reliable and strong in operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid metal heating, in particular to a liquid metal sodium high-power heating system and an adjusting method thereof
Background
The sodium-cooled fast reactor usually adopts a sodium-water loop design, and a sodium-water steam generator is an important junction of a secondary loop and a tertiary loop and heats main feed water by heat generated by the reactor to generate steam so as to drive a steam turbine to do work. While the steam generator is also an important barrier separating the two and three circuits in case of a heat transfer tube ruptureIt will cause serious sodium water reaction, and seriously affect the availability, economy and reliability of the nuclear power plant operation. A great deal of literature research finds that in the aspect of research on the sodium-cooled fast reactor steam generator, a great deal of research work is carried out in several countries which develop fast reactors earlier, and in the steam generator test, a fuel gas heating mode is utilized by many countries to replace heat output by a reactor. The power of a Japanese SGTF (Stemam Generator test facility) rack is 50MW, the power is designed according to the power of a Manjusri stack 1/5, gas is adopted for heating, the sodium temperature at the inlet of a boiler is 390 ℃, and the sodium temperature at the outlet is 540 ℃. The indian sgtf (steam Generator Test facility) bench power was 5.5MW, and sodium was heated from 355 ℃ to 525 ℃ with gas heating. U.S. SGTR (Stem Generator Test rig) bench Power was 2MW, again with fired heaters. The sodium temperatures of an inlet and an outlet of the gas boiler are respectively about 308 ℃ and 505 ℃, and the flow rate is 524 t/h. The power of a SCTF (sodium Component Test Facility for testing of team generator) Test bench in the Netherlands is 50MW, the power of a flame heater is 58MW, the sodium temperature is increased from 343.5 ℃ to 650 ℃, and the flow rate is 1800m3H is used as the reference value. The flame heating mode mainly has the matching and processing problems of the boiler, and simultaneously, a large amount of uncertainty is added to the introduced boiler in terms of operation and safety, so that the level of test risk assessment is improved, and the probability of major accidents is increased.
At present, the steam generator of the domestic conventional pressurized water reactor is heated by fuel oil or high-temperature steam, and because the chemical property of a sodium medium is active, sodium leakage in the steam heater can form violent sodium water reaction to cause hydrogen explosion, thereby causing serious consequences.
According to the operation experience of the existing experiment, the electric heating mode of the sodium working medium has three types: the electric heating wire is used for heating, the heating wire is wound on a container or a pipeline and increases the temperature of fluid to a rated working condition through radial heat conduction, the heating power of a single heating wire is small, the surface volume of the container is limited, radiation heat exchange can be carried out to the environment while the radial heat conduction is carried out, the required heating temperature of the fluid is up to 505 ℃, the surface temperature of the heating wire is higher, the radiation heat exchange loss is larger, and the heating wire is suitable for low-power low-temperature heating; intraductal multistage heating, the heat transfer that flows of sodium in the inner tube, fill the magnesium oxide powder between inner tube and the outer tube, play insulating and heat conduction's effect, outer tube ohmic heating, surface heat flux density is great, there is the great influence of radiation heat transfer loss equally with heater strip heating methods, in addition because the multistage heating that the heating section adopted, if the processing of heating section goes wrong, lead to intraductal sodium electrified, then incident such as electric shock can appear in whole return circuit, simultaneously because it is higher at whole experiment heating power, the heating section length that needs is longer, bring great flow resistance, whole heating methods is series connection multistage heating, any one section heating section goes wrong and all can influence the safety of whole heating section. The heating mode is suitable for low-power fine adjustment; the heating rod is heated, the heating rod is inserted into the heating container, the heating environment of the heating rod is a high-temperature sodium medium, and the radiation heat exchange loss is small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of gas or steam heating and provides a liquid sodium metal high-power heating system and an adjusting method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a liquid sodium metal high-power heating system comprises a plurality of high-power heaters which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the power of each high-power heater is 4.2 MW; the low-temperature sodium enters a heating system, and firstly enters a three-way interface, wherein a first outlet of the three-way interface is connected with a first inlet valve 201 of a first high-power heater 1, and a second outlet of the three-way interface is connected with a first bypass valve 401; the upper end of the first high-power heater 1 is connected with a first outlet valve 301, and a pipeline at the rear end of the first outlet valve 301 is connected with a pipeline at the rear end of the first bypass valve 401 and is intersected with a tee joint; the bypass valve and the bypass pipeline are mainly used in two working conditions, wherein one working condition is that when the heating power required by sodium is low, liquid metal sodium does not pass through the heater, so that the flow resistance is reduced; secondly, when the heater is in heating problem and the heating system needs to work continuously on line, the liquid metal sodium does not pass through the heater, and the heater is overhauled; the first high power heater 1, the first inlet valve 201, the first outlet valve 301 and the first bypass valve 401 constitute a first heating unit; the second high-power heater 2, the second inlet valve 202, the second outlet valve 302 and the second bypass valve 402 form a second heating unit, and so on, form a plurality of heating units, and the structure of each heating unit is the same; each heating unit is wrapped with an electric heating wire and heat insulation cotton on the outer layer, and when the heating unit is started, the temperature of the whole heating system reaches above the solidification point of sodium, so that the pipe blockage accident caused by the solidification of sodium is prevented; a reheater 6 is connected behind the last heating unit to adjust the temperature of the sodium outlet; also included are a PLC control cabinet 7 connected to each high powered heater and reheater 6, and a control system 8 connected to the PLC control cabinet 7.
The first high-power heater 1 comprises a heating tank 101, electric heating rods 102 arranged on the inner layer and the outer layer of the heating tank 101, and a rectifying plate 103 arranged at the bottom of the electric heating rods 102 in the heating tank 101; the heating tank 101 is provided with holes in the side direction, so that the arrangement of electric heating rods in the heating tank 101 is simplified, 280 electric heating rods are arranged on each container, and the power of each electric heating rod is 15 kW; considering the diameter of the electric heating rod 101, the electric heating rod is prevented from contacting with the electric heating rod at the top end, 20 electric heating rods are distributed on the radial section of the heating tank 101, the distance between the top end edges of the electric heating rods is 36mm, the length of the electric heating rods is 700mm, the distance between every two layers of electric heating rods in the axial direction of the heater is 220mm, the layers are distributed in an inserting manner, the flowing state of sodium is mainly disturbed, so that heat exchange is enhanced, the layer distance can be reduced, and the arrangement of the electric heating rods is more compact; 14 layers of electric heating rods are arranged in the axial direction to meet the requirement of experimental heating power, and the cylinder height of the heating tank is 3.1 m; in order to meet the pressure-bearing design of the container, the design pressure is 1Mpa, the wall thickness of the heating tank is 20mm, hemispherical sealing covers with the height of 0.5m are added on the upper part and the lower part of the heating tank, and the total height of the heating tank is 4.1 m; the inlet and outlet of the heating tank are provided with a temperature measuring point and a pressure measuring point, the top end of the heating tank is provided with a blast valve 104 and an argon gas injection port 105, the blast valve 104 mainly prevents accidents caused by sudden rise of transient pressure of a sodium loop under the conditions of load shedding, load rising and load dropping of the loop, and the argon gas mainly plays a role in isolating reactable substances and can maintain the pressure in the heater; the bottom end of the first high-power heater 1 is provided with a rectifying plate 103 which plays a role in flow distribution and flow field disturbance.
The reheater 6 is divided into multiple stages of heating pipes, the structures of all stages of heating pipes are the same, two adjacent stages of heating pipes are connected through a bent pipe, an inner sleeve 601 of each stage of heating pipe is used as a fluid channel, an outer sleeve 602 is used as a heating pipe, small voltage and large current are directly added to the two ends of the outer sleeve 602 for heating, an insulating layer 603 between the inner sleeve 601 and the outer sleeve 602 is insulated by filling magnesium oxide, thermocouples are arranged on the wall surfaces of the two ends of the outer sleeve 602 to monitor the temperature of the wall surface of the reheater, and thermocouples are arranged at the.
The number of high power heaters is five, and correspondingly, the number of heating units is also five, which are respectively: the first high power heater 1, the first inlet valve 201, the first outlet valve 301 and the first bypass valve 401 constitute a first heating unit; the second high power heater 2, the second inlet valve 202, the second outlet valve 302 and the second bypass valve 402 constitute a second heating unit; the third high power heater 3, the third inlet valve 203, the third outlet valve 303 and the third bypass valve 403 constitute a third heating unit; the fourth high power heater 4, fourth inlet valve 204, fourth outlet valve 304 and fourth bypass valve 404 constitute a fourth heating unit; the fifth high powered heater 5, the fifth inlet valve 205, the fifth outlet valve 305 and the fifth bypass valve 405 constitute a fifth heating unit.
The five high-power heaters adopt a PLC control cabinet 7 to adjust the heating power; the first high-power heater 1, the second high-power heater 2 and the third high-power heater 3 adopt an on-off heating mode, so that the whole heating system is economical and efficient.
All inlet valves, outlet valves and bypass valves adopt electric control valves, and all temperature and pressure signals are collected, adjusted and analyzed by a control system 7; the control system 7 sets sodium outlet temperature and heating power feedback, and adjusts the power of the fourth high-power heater 4, the fifth high-power heater 5 and the reheater 6 through the difference value between the sodium outlet temperature of the reheater 6 and the rated working condition temperature, so as to realize automatic adjustment and control.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the risk that strong sodium water reaction is possibly formed due to steam heating is avoided, the problem that a dangerous source is introduced by high-power fuel gas heating is solved, and a high-power electric heating and control scheme thereof is provided;
2. the electric heating system introduces argon protection, isolates the reaction of air and other gases with liquid sodium, and simultaneously maintains the pressure stability of the heater in the operations of greatly load shedding, load reduction, load rising and the like;
3. the heating system adopts a three-step scheme of on-off type, high-power coarse adjustment and low-power fine adjustment, so that the whole heater is economical, efficient, safe and reliable;
4. an automatic feedback regulation scheme is introduced, so that the temperature of the sodium outlet of the whole heating system can meet the requirement of experimental working conditions
5. Each unit of the heater system is self-organized, and under a normal working condition or an accident working condition, the bypass can be used for adjusting flow, isolating the accident heater and the like, so that the safety and operability of the system are enhanced.
In a word, the heating system structure can complete the temperature control of the liquid metal sodium, the whole system is economic, efficient, safe and reliable, and the high-power electric heating of the liquid metal sodium becomes possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a heating system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high power heater.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a heating rod arrangement in a high power heater.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a reheater, wherein fig. 4a is a front view of the reheater, and fig. 4b is a sectional view of fig. 4a taken along a-a.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, a high-power heating system for liquid sodium metal comprises a plurality of high-power heaters which are connected in series in sequence, wherein the power of each high-power heater is 4.2 MW; the low-temperature sodium enters a heating system, and firstly enters a three-way interface, wherein a first outlet of the three-way interface is connected with a first inlet valve 201 of a first high-power heater 1, and a second outlet of the three-way interface is connected with a first bypass valve 401; the upper end of the first high-power heater 1 is connected with a first outlet valve 301, and a pipeline at the rear end of the first outlet valve 301 is connected with a pipeline at the rear end of the first bypass valve 401 and is intersected with a tee joint; the bypass valve and the bypass pipeline are mainly used in two working conditions, wherein one working condition is that when the heating power required by sodium is low, liquid metal sodium does not pass through the heater, so that the flow resistance is reduced; secondly, when the heater is in heating problem and the heating system needs to work continuously on line, the liquid metal sodium does not pass through the heater, and the heater is overhauled; the first high power heater 1, the first inlet valve 201, the first outlet valve 301 and the first bypass valve 401 constitute a first heating unit; the second high-power heater 2, the second inlet valve 202, the second outlet valve 302 and the second bypass valve 402 form a second heating unit, and so on, form a plurality of heating units, and the structure of each heating unit is the same; each heating unit is wrapped with an electric heating wire and heat insulation cotton on the outer layer, and when the heating unit is started, the temperature of the whole heating system reaches above the solidification point of sodium, so that the pipe blockage accident caused by the solidification of sodium is prevented; a reheater 6 is connected behind the last heating unit to adjust the temperature of the sodium outlet; also included are a PLC control cabinet 7 connected to each high powered heater and reheater 6, and a control system 8 connected to the PLC control cabinet 7.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first high-power heater 1 includes a heating tank 101, an electric heating rod 102 disposed on the inner and outer layers of the heating tank 101, and a rectifying plate 103 disposed at the bottom of the heating rod 102 in the electric heating tank 101; the heating tank 101 is provided with holes in the side direction, so that the arrangement of electric heating rods in the heating tank 101 is simplified, 280 electric heating rods are arranged on each container, and the power of each electric heating rod is 15 kW; considering the diameter of the electric heating rod 102, the electric heating rod is prevented from contacting with the electric heating rod at the top end, 20 electric heating rods are distributed on the radial section of the heating tank 101, the distance between the top end edges of the electric heating rods is 36mm, the length of the electric heating rods is 700mm, the distance between every two layers of electric heating rods in the axial direction of the heater is 220mm, the layers are distributed in an inserting manner, the flowing state of sodium is mainly disturbed, so that heat exchange is enhanced, the layer distance can be reduced, and the arrangement of the electric heating rods is more compact; 14 layers of electric heating rods are arranged in the axial direction to meet the requirement of experimental heating power, and the cylinder height of the heating tank is 3.1 m; in order to meet the pressure-bearing design of the container, the design pressure is 1Mpa, the wall thickness of the heating tank is 20mm, hemispherical sealing covers with the height of 0.5m are added on the upper part and the lower part of the heating tank, and the total height of the heating tank is 4.1 m; the inlet and outlet of the heating tank are provided with a temperature measuring point and a pressure measuring point, the top end of the heating tank is provided with a blast valve 104 and an argon gas injection port 105, the blast valve 104 mainly prevents accidents caused by sudden rise of transient pressure of a sodium loop under the conditions of load shedding, load rising and load dropping of the loop, and the argon gas mainly plays a role in isolating reactable substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and the like and can maintain the pressure in the heater; the bottom end of the first high-power heater 1 is provided with a rectifying plate 103 which plays a role in flow distribution and flow field disturbance.
As shown in fig. 4, the reheater 6 is divided into multiple stages of heating pipes, each stage of heating pipe has the same structure, two adjacent stages of heating pipes are connected by a bent pipe, an inner sleeve 601 of each stage of heating pipe is used as a fluid passage, an outer sleeve 602 is used as a heating pipe, small voltage and large current are directly applied to two ends of the outer sleeve 602 for heating, an insulating layer 603 between the inner sleeve 601 and the outer sleeve 602 is insulated by filling magnesium oxide, thermocouples are arranged on wall surfaces of two ends of the outer sleeve 602 to monitor the wall surface temperature of the reheater, and thermocouples are arranged at an inlet and an outlet of.
The number of the high-power heaters is five, and correspondingly, the number of the heating units is also five, which are respectively as follows: the first high power heater 1, the first inlet valve 201, the first outlet valve 301 and the first bypass valve 401 constitute a first heating unit; the second high power heater 2, the second inlet valve 202, the second outlet valve 302 and the second bypass valve 402 constitute a second heating unit; the third high power heater 3, the third inlet valve 203, the third outlet valve 303 and the third bypass valve 403 constitute a third heating unit; the fourth high power heater 4, fourth inlet valve 204, fourth outlet valve 304 and fourth bypass valve 404 constitute a fourth heating unit; the fifth high powered heater 5, the fifth inlet valve 205, the fifth outlet valve 305 and the fifth bypass valve 405 constitute a fifth heating unit.
The five high-power heaters adopt a PLC control cabinet 7 to adjust the heating power; the first high-power heater 1, the second high-power heater 2 and the third high-power heater 3 adopt an on-off heating mode, so that the whole heating system is economical and efficient.
A heating regulation method of a liquid sodium metal high-power heating system comprises the following steps: all inlet valves, outlet valves and bypass valves adopt electric control valves, and all temperature and pressure signals are collected, adjusted and analyzed by a control system 8; the control system 8 sets sodium outlet temperature and heating power feedback, and adjusts the power of the fourth high-power heater 4, the fifth high-power heater 5 and the reheater 6 through the difference value between the sodium outlet temperature of the reheater 6 and the rated working condition temperature, so as to realize automatic adjustment and control.
The specific heating adjustment method comprises the following steps: firstly, opening all inlet valves, outlet valves and bypass valves, vacuumizing a heating system, opening argon injection port valves of all high-power heaters, and keeping argon pressure; opening the outer layer electric heating rod of the high-power heater of each heating unit to ensure that the temperature of the high-power heater, the inlet valve, the outlet valve, the bypass valve and the pipeline of each heating unit reaches the range of 180-220 ℃, keeping the heating power of the electric heating rods stable, and closing all the inlet valves, the outlet valves and the bypass valves; then, opening the first bypass valve 401, the second bypass valve 402 and the third bypass valve 403, opening the fourth inlet valve 204, the fourth outlet valve 304, the fifth inlet valve 205 and the fifth outlet valve 305, opening the fourth high-power heater 4, the fifth high-power heater 5 and the reheater 6 after the liquid metal sodium enters the heating system, and simultaneously controlling the heating power of the fourth high-power heater 4, the fifth high-power heater and the reheater 6 to slowly rise; when the fourth high-power heater 4 reaches the highest power, the first heating unit is started, the first inlet valve 201 and the first outlet valve 301 are started, the first bypass valve 401 is closed, the first high-power heater 1 is started, and meanwhile, the power of the fourth high-power heater 4 is reduced; if the power of the heating system needs to be further improved, the second high-power heater 2 and the third high-power heater 3 are started in a manner similar to the starting manner of the first heating unit, and the heating powers of the reheater 6, the fourth high-power heater 4 and the fifth high-power heater 5 are adjusted according to the temperature of the sodium outlet, so that the temperature of the metal sodium outlet reaches a rated working condition; when the heating system needs to be closed, the first high-power heater 1, the second high-power heater 2, the third high-power heater 3, the fourth high-power heater 4, the fifth high-power heater 5 and the reheater 6 are sequentially closed, the heating power of the electric heating wire is kept unchanged, after all the sodium metal is exhausted from the heating system, the electric heating wire is stopped to heat, and meanwhile, the argon protection is kept.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A heating regulation method of a liquid sodium metal high-power heating system comprises five high-power heaters which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the power of each high-power heater is 4.2 MW; the method comprises the following steps that low-temperature sodium enters a heating system and firstly enters a three-way interface, a first outlet of the three-way interface is connected with a first inlet valve (201) of a first high-power heater (1), and a second outlet of the three-way interface is connected with a first bypass valve (401); the upper end of the first high-power heater (1) is connected with a first outlet valve (301), and a rear end pipeline of the first outlet valve (301) is connected with a rear end pipeline of the first bypass valve (401) through a tee joint to be converged; the bypass valve and the bypass pipeline are mainly used in two working conditions, wherein one working condition is that when the heating power required by sodium is low, liquid metal sodium does not pass through the heater, so that the flow resistance is reduced; secondly, when the heater is in heating problem and the heating system needs to work continuously on line, the liquid metal sodium does not pass through the heater, and the heater is overhauled; the first high-power heater (1), the first inlet valve (201), the first outlet valve (301) and the first bypass valve (401) form a first heating unit; the second high-power heater (2), the second inlet valve (202), the second outlet valve (302) and the second bypass valve (402) form a second heating unit, and the third high-power heater (3), the third inlet valve (203), the third outlet valve (303) and the third bypass valve (403) form a third heating unit; the fourth high-power heater (4), the fourth inlet valve (204), the fourth outlet valve (304) and the fourth bypass valve (404) form a fourth heating unit; the fifth high power heater (5), the fifth inlet valve (205), the fifth outlet valve (305) and the fifth bypass valve (405) constitute a fifth heating unit; the structure of each heating unit is the same; each heating unit is wrapped with an electric heating wire and heat insulation cotton on the outer layer, and when the heating unit is started, the temperature of the whole heating system reaches above the solidification point of sodium, so that the pipe blockage accident caused by the solidification of sodium is prevented; a reheater (6) is connected behind the last heating unit to adjust the sodium outlet temperature; the system also comprises a PLC control cabinet (7) connected with each high-power heater and the reheater (6), and a control system (8) connected with the PLC control cabinet (7);
the heating adjustment method comprises the following steps: all inlet valves, outlet valves and bypass valves adopt electric control valves, and all temperature and pressure signals are collected, adjusted and analyzed by a control system (8); the control system (8) is provided with sodium outlet temperature and heating power feedback, and the power of the fourth high-power heater (4), the fifth high-power heater (5) and the reheater (6) is adjusted through the difference value between the sodium outlet temperature of the reheater (6) and the rated working condition temperature, so that automatic adjustment and control are realized;
the method is characterized in that: the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly, opening all inlet valves, outlet valves and bypass valves, vacuumizing a heating system, opening argon injection port valves of all high-power heaters, and keeping argon pressure; opening the outer layer electric heating rod of the high-power heater of each heating unit to ensure that the temperature of the high-power heater, the inlet valve, the outlet valve, the bypass valve and the pipeline of each heating unit reaches the range of 180-220 ℃, keeping the heating power of the electric heating rods stable, and closing all the inlet valves, the outlet valves and the bypass valves; then opening a first bypass valve (401), a second bypass valve (402) and a third bypass valve (403), opening a fourth inlet valve (204), a fourth outlet valve (304), a fifth inlet valve (205) and a fifth outlet valve (305), opening a fourth high-power heater (4), a fifth high-power heater (5) and a reheater (6) after liquid sodium metal enters a heating system, and simultaneously controlling the heating power of the fourth high-power heater (4), the fifth high-power heater and the reheater (6) to slowly rise; when the fourth high-power heater (4) reaches the highest power, starting the first heating unit, starting the first inlet valve (201) and the first outlet valve (301), closing the first bypass valve (401), starting the first high-power heater (1), and simultaneously reducing the power of the fourth high-power heater (4); if the power of the heating system needs to be further improved, the second high-power heater (2) and the third high-power heater (3) are started in a manner similar to the starting manner of the first heating unit, and the heating powers of the reheater (6), the fourth high-power heater (4) and the fifth high-power heater (5) are adjusted according to the temperature of the sodium outlet, so that the temperature of the metal sodium outlet reaches a rated working condition; when the heating system needs to be closed, the first high-power heater (1), the second high-power heater (2), the third high-power heater (3), the fourth high-power heater (4), the fifth high-power heater (5) and the reheater (6) are closed in sequence, the heating power of the electric heating wire is kept unchanged, after all the sodium metal is exhausted from the heating system, the electric heating wire is stopped to heat, and meanwhile, the argon protection is kept.
2. The heating adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first high-power heater (1) comprises a heating tank (101), electric heating rods (102) arranged on the inner layer and the outer layer of the heating tank (101), and a rectifying plate (103) arranged at the bottom of the electric heating rods (102) in the heating tank (101); the heating tank (101) is provided with holes in the lateral direction, the arrangement of electric heating rods in the heating tank (101) is simplified, 280 electric heating rods are arranged on each container, and the power of each electric heating rod is 15 kW; considering the diameter of the electric heating rod (102), the electric heating rod is prevented from contacting with the electric heating rod at the top end, the electric heating rods are distributed on the radial section of the heating tank (101) for 20, the distance between the top end edges of the electric heating rods is 36mm, the length of the electric heating rods is 700mm, the distance between every two layers of electric heating rods in the axial direction of the heater is 220mm, and the layers are distributed in a row-inserting mode, so that the flow state of sodium is mainly disturbed, heat exchange is enhanced, and meanwhile, the layer distance can be reduced, and the arrangement of the electric heating rods is more compact; 14 layers of electric heating rods are arranged in the axial direction to meet the requirement of experimental heating power, and the cylinder height of the heating tank is 3.1 m; in order to meet the pressure-bearing design of the container, the design pressure is 1Mpa, the wall thickness of the heating tank is 20mm, hemispherical sealing covers with the height of 0.5m are added on the upper part and the lower part of the heating tank, and the total height of the heating tank is 4.1 m; the inlet and the outlet of the heating tank are provided with a temperature measuring point and a pressure measuring point, the top end of the heating tank is provided with a blasting valve (104) and an argon injection port (105), the blasting valve (104) mainly prevents accidents caused by sudden rise of transient pressure of a sodium loop under the conditions of load shedding, load rising and load falling of the loop, and the argon mainly plays a role in isolating reactable substances and can maintain the pressure in a heater; the bottom end of the first high-power heater (1) is provided with a rectifying plate (103) which plays a role in flow distribution and flow field disturbance.
3. The heating adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: reheater (6) divide into the multistage heating pipe, the structure of every stage of heating pipe is all the same, connect through the return bend between the adjacent two-stage heating pipe, interior sleeve pipe (601) of every stage of heating pipe is as fluid passage, outer tube (602) are as the heating pipe, it heats to directly add the small voltage heavy current at outer tube (602) both ends, insulating layer (603) between interior sleeve pipe (601) and outer tube (602) are insulating through filling the magnesium oxide, the thermocouple is arranged with the facial temperature of monitoring reheat wall in outer tube (602) both ends wall, the reheater is imported and exported and is arranged the thermocouple and monitor metallic sodium temperature.
4. The heating adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the five high-power heaters adopt a PLC control cabinet (7) to adjust the heating power; the first high-power heater (1), the second high-power heater (2) and the third high-power heater (3) adopt an on-off heating mode, so that the whole heating system is economical and efficient.
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| CN110068138B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-05-15 | 西安交通大学 | Direct high-power heating system and method for liquid sodium metal |
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