CN110062633A - 酪氨酸衍生物以及包含所述酪氨酸衍生物的组合物 - Google Patents
酪氨酸衍生物以及包含所述酪氨酸衍生物的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110062633A CN110062633A CN201780074235.7A CN201780074235A CN110062633A CN 110062633 A CN110062633 A CN 110062633A CN 201780074235 A CN201780074235 A CN 201780074235A CN 110062633 A CN110062633 A CN 110062633A
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Abstract
提供了包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂的组合物和药盒。还提供了用于在对象中降低细胞增殖的方法,其包括向有此需要的对象施用包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂的组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般性地涉及用于如例如在癌症治疗中降低细胞增殖的组合物、药盒(kit)和方法。
背景技术
根据美国国家癌症研究所(U.S.National Cancer Institute)的2008年监测、流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result,SEER)数据库,在可获得发病率数据的最近一年中,11,958,000位美国人患有侵袭性癌症。癌症是美国第二常见死亡原因,仅次于心脏病,且占死亡人数的四分之一。据估计每天有约1600位美国人死于癌症。除了癌症的医疗、情感和心理成本之外,癌症对个人和社会二者都具有巨大的经济成本。据国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)估计,2010年癌症的总成本为2638亿美元。此外,据估计,由于过早死亡,另有1401亿美元的生产力损失。
目前的癌症治疗包括手术、激素治疗、放射、化学治疗、免疫治疗、靶向治疗、及其组合。癌症的手术切除已取得显著进展;然而,疾病复发的可能性仍然很高。使用药物(例如芳香酶抑制剂和促黄体激素释放激素类似物及抑制剂)的激素治疗在治疗前列腺癌和乳腺癌中相对有效。放射及相关技术适形质子束放射治疗(conformal proton beam radiationtherapy)、立体定向放射外科、立体定向放射治疗、术中放射治疗、化学修饰剂和放射增敏剂有效地杀伤癌细胞,但也可杀伤和改变周围的正常组织。单独和组合的化学治疗药物(例如氨基蝶呤、顺铂、甲氨蝶呤、多柔比星、道诺霉素等)通常通过改变DNA复制过程有效地杀伤癌细胞。生物应答调节剂(biological response modifier,BRM)治疗、生物治疗、生物疗法或免疫治疗改变癌细胞生长或影响天然免疫应答,并且涉及向患者施用生物制剂(例如干扰素、白介素和其他细胞因子)和抗体(例如利妥昔单抗和曲妥珠单抗)以及甚至癌症疫苗(例如Sipuleucel-T)。
使用化学治疗的癌症治疗通常受到剂量限制性副作用的阻碍。这样的副作用通常是由化学治疗剂对非癌细胞的作用导致的。化学治疗的这种局限性导致了靶向治疗和定点化学治疗的开发。
最近,已经开发出新的靶向治疗来对抗癌症。这些靶向治疗与化学治疗不同,因为化学治疗通过杀伤癌细胞和正常细胞二者(对癌细胞有更大的影响)而发挥作用。靶向治疗通过影响控制癌细胞生长、分裂和扩散的过程以及引起癌细胞自然死亡的信号而发挥作用。一种类型的靶向治疗包括生长信号抑制剂,例如曲妥珠单抗、吉非替尼、伊马替尼、西妥昔单抗(centuximab)、达沙替尼和尼洛替尼。另一种类型的靶向治疗包括血管生成抑制剂(例如贝伐单抗),其抑制癌症增多周围血管系统(vasculature)和血液供应。最后一种类型的靶向治疗包括能够诱导直接癌细胞死亡的凋亡诱导药物。
定点化学治疗通过靶向分子将抗癌剂优先引导至癌细胞。靶向分子对于待治疗的癌症具有特异性亲和力。抗体是可用于将抗癌剂引导至特定癌症类型的靶向分子的实例。抗体可识别在特定类型的癌细胞表面上表达的抗原。通过将抗癌剂附接至抗体,可将抗癌剂特异性地带至被靶向的癌细胞。
尽管所有这些治疗在某种程度上都是有效的,但是它们都具有缺点和局限性。除了许多治疗方法昂贵之外,它们通常太不精确或者癌症能够适应它们并且变得有抗性。
因此,非常需要另外的癌症治疗。特别地,需要用于已对其他形式的治疗变得有抗性的癌症的治疗。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于降低过度细胞增殖(包括与癌症治疗相关的那些)的组合物、药盒和方法,以及组合治疗。在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂的组合物。另一些实施方案提供了降低细胞增殖的方法和/或治疗癌症的方法,其包括施用有效量的这样的组合物。一些实施方案还提供了与其他治疗剂联合施用的组合治疗。在另一些实施方案中,本发明提供了包含这样的组合物以及合适的包装的药盒。
具体实施方式
通过参考构成本公开内容的一部分的以下详细说明可更容易地理解本主题。应当理解,本发明不限于本文中所述和/或所示的具体产物、方法、条件或参数,并且本文中使用的术语仅用于通过实例来描述一些特定实施方案的目的,而不旨在限制所要求保护的发明。
除非本文中另有定义,否则结合本申请使用的科学和技术术语应当具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义。此外,除非上下文中另有要求,否则没有数量词修饰的名词表示一个/种或更多个/种。
除非另有说明,否则以上和整个公开内容中所采用的下列术语和缩写应被理解为具有以下含义。
除非上下文中另外明确指出,否则在本公开内容中没有数量词修饰的名词表示一个/种或更多个/种,并且提及特定的数值至少包括该特定值。因此,例如提及“化合物”是指一个/种或更多个/种这样的化合物以及本领域技术人员已知的其等同物等。本文中使用的术语“多个”意指多于一个。当表示值的范围时,另一个实施方案包括从一个特定值和/或至另一个特定值。类似地,当通过使用在前的“约”将值表示为近似值时,应理解该特定值构成另一个实施方案。所有范围都是包含性的和可组合的。
本文中使用的术语“组分”、“组合物”、“化合物的组合物”、“化合物”、“药品”、“药理学活性剂”、“活性剂”、“药剂”、“治疗剂”、“疗法”、“治疗”或“药物”在本文中可互换使用,是指当施用于对象(人或动物)时通过局部和/或全身作用诱导期望的药理学和/或生理学作用的化合物或物质的组合物。
本文中使用的术语“治疗”或“疗法”(及其不同的形式)包括预防性(例如,预防)、治愈性或姑息性治疗。本文中使用的术语“治疗”包括减轻或降低病症、疾病或障碍的至少一种不利或负面的作用或症状。该病症、疾病或障碍可以是癌症。
以上和整个公开内容中所采用的术语“有效量”是指在剂量和必要的持续时间下有效地实现对于相关障碍、病症或副作用的治疗的期望结果的量。应当理解,本发明的组分的有效量会随患者而不同,不仅与所选的特定化合物、组分或组合物,施用途径以及组分在个体中引起期望结果的能力相关,还与例如疾病状态或待缓解的病症的严重程度,个体的激素水平、年龄、性别、体重,患者当时的状态以及治疗中的病理性状况的严重程度、同时使用的药物或特殊饮食的因素相关,然后是特定患者,以及本领域技术人员会意识到的其他因素,恰当的剂量由主治医师判断。可调整剂量方案以提供改进的治疗响应。有效量也是其中组分的治疗有益作用胜过任何毒性或有害作用的量。
“可药用”是指在合理的医学判断范围内适合用于与人和动物的组织相接触而没有过度的毒性、刺激、变态反应或其他问题并发症,与合理的效益/风险比匹配的那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。
在本发明内,所公开的化合物可以以可药用盐的形式制备。“可药用盐”是指所公开的化合物的衍生物,其中母体化合物通过制备其酸式或碱式盐来修饰。可药用盐的实例包括但不限于碱性残基(例如胺)的无机或有机酸盐;酸性残基(例如羧酸)的碱金属盐或有机盐;等。可药用盐包括例如由无毒性无机或有机酸形成的母体化合物的常规无毒性盐或季铵盐。例如,这样的常规无毒性盐包括来自于无机酸(例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磷酸、硝酸等)的那些;以及由有机酸(例如乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、硬脂酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、扑酸、马来酸、羟基马来酸、苯乙酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、对氨基苯磺酸(sulfanilic acid)、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、富马酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙烷二磺酸、草酸、羟乙磺酸等)制备的盐。通过本领域中已知的方法来制备这些可药用盐,例如通过将游离的胺碱溶解在醇水溶液中的过量酸中,或者通过用碱金属碱(例如氢氧化物)或胺中和游离羧酸。
本文中所述的化合物可以以替代形式制备。例如,许多含氨基化合物可作为酸加成盐使用或制备。这样的盐通常改善了化合物的分离和处理特性。例如,根据试剂、反应条件等,如本文中所述的化合物可用作或制备成例如其盐酸盐或甲苯磺酸盐。同构的结晶形式、所有手性和外消旋形式、N-氧化物、水合物、溶剂合物和酸式盐的水合物也被考虑在本发明的范围之内。
本发明的某些酸性或碱性化合物可作为两性离子存在。化合物的所有形式(包括游离酸、游离碱和两性离子)被考虑在本发明的范围之内。本领域中公知,含有氨基和羧基二者的化合物经常与其两性离子形式平衡存在。因此,含有例如氨基和羧基二者的任何本文中所述化合物也包括提及其相应的两性离子。
术语“立体异构体”是指具有相同化学组成、但在原子或基团的空间排列方面不同的化合物。
术语“施用”意指直接施用本发明的化合物或组合物,或施用将在体内形成等量的活性化合物或物质的前药、衍生物或类似物。
术语“对象”、“个体”和“患者”在本文中可互换使用,并且是指向其提供用根据本发明的药物组合物进行治疗(包括预防性治疗)的动物(例如人)。本文中使用的术语“对象”是指人或非人动物。术语“非人动物”和“非人哺乳动物”在本文中可互换使用并且包括所有脊椎动物,例如哺乳动物,例如非人灵长类(特别是高等灵长类)、绵羊、狗、啮齿动物(例如小鼠或大鼠)、豚鼠、山羊、猪、猫、兔、牛、马;以及非哺乳动物,例如爬行动物、两栖动物、鸡和火鸡。
本文中使用的术语“抑制剂”包括抑制蛋白质、多肽或酶的表达或活性(但不一定意味着完全抑制表达和/或活性)的化合物。更确切地,抑制包括抑制蛋白质、多肽或酶的表达和/或活性至足以产生期望效果的程度和时间。
本文中使用的术语“促进剂”包括促进蛋白质、多肽或酶的表达或活性(但不一定意味着完全促进表达和/或活性)的化合物。更确切地,促进包括促进蛋白质、多肽或酶的表达和/或活性至足以产生期望效果的程度和时间。
“化学键合”是指通过化学键连接两个原子。化学键是由一个原子(其可以是分子的一部分)与另一个原子(其可以是分子的一部分)的电子相互作用产生的键。化学键可以是共价键或非共价键。
“物理缔合”是指通过除化学键之外的方式维持极为贴近的两个分子。物理缔合分子的一个实例是将一个分子浸渍(impregnation)到另一个分子的样品中。另一个实例是一个分子被另一个分子包封。
术语“接头”是指允许两个分子间接化学键合或间接物理缔合的化学部分。使两个分子间接化学键合的接头与两个分于中的每一个形成分开的化学键,使得两个分子通过接头连接。使两个分子间接物理缔合的接头与两个分子中的每一个形成分开的物理缔合,使得两个分子通过接头物理缔合。接头还可通过与两个分子中的一个化学键合并且与两个分子中的另一个物理缔合来连接两个分子。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了将抗癌剂特异性地引导至癌细胞的化学治疗。虽然不希望受任何特定运行机制的束缚,但本发明的组合物特异性靶向癌细胞,并因此提供定点化学治疗。认为本发明组合物的酪氨酸羟化酶部分被癌细胞吸收。通过使酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂与抗癌剂化学键合或物理缔合,抗癌剂伴随酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂至癌细胞和/或到癌细胞中。以这种方式,抗癌剂优先于非癌细胞被定向于癌细胞。
本发明提供了包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂的组合物。
可用于本发明组合物的代表性酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂包括酪氨酸衍生物,其通常被大多数癌症和发炎组织迅速吸收。因此,在一些实施方案中,酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂是酪氨酸衍生物。可用于本发明组合物的代表性酪氨酸衍生物包括以下的一种或更多种:(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2-氯-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯、D-酪氨酸乙酯盐酸盐、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2,6-二氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯、H-D-Tyr(TBU)-烯丙酯HCl、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-4,5-二甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2-氯-3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-[(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲氧基]苯基)丙酸甲酯、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2-氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-5-氟-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯、2-(乙酰氨基)-2-(4-[(2-氯-6-氟苄基)氧基]苄基丙二酸二乙酯、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-4-羟基-5-甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2,6-二氯-3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯、H-DL-tyr-OMe HCl、H-3,5-二碘-tyr-OME HCl、H-D-3,5-二碘-tyr-OME HCl、D-酪氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、D-酪氨酸-OMe HCl、D-酪氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、D-酪氨酸甲酯HCl、H-D-Tyr-OMe-HCl、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)甲酯盐酸盐、(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯盐酸盐、(2R)-2-氮烷基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯盐酸盐、3-氯-L-酪氨酸、3-硝基-L-酪氨酸、3-硝基-L-酪氨酸乙酯盐酸盐、DL-m-酪氨酸、DL-o-酪氨酸、Boc-Tyr(3,5-I2)-OSu、Fmoc-tyr(3-NO2)-OH、α-甲基-L-酪氨酸、α-甲基-D-酪氨酸和α-甲基-DL-酪氨酸(也称为DL-2-甲基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙氨酸)。这些酪氨酸衍生物在本文中称为“代表性酪氨酸衍生物”。在一些实施方案中,酪氨酸衍生物是α-甲基-DL-酪氨酸。
可用于本发明组合物的抗癌剂包括针对癌症有活性的任何药剂,并且包括烷化剂、抗代谢物、抗微管剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、细胞毒性抗生素、选择性雌激素受体调节剂、芳香酶抑制剂、信号转导抑制剂、改变调节基因表达和其他细胞功能之蛋白质的功能的药剂、诱导癌细胞发生凋亡的药物、以及干扰血管生成的药物。
可用于本发明的代表性抗癌剂包括5-氟尿嘧啶、乙酸阿比特龙(abirateroneacetate)、乙酰胆碱、阿多曲妥珠单抗依酯(ado-trastuzumab emtansine)、阿法替尼、阿地白介素(aldesleukin)、阿来替尼(alectinib)、阿仑单抗、阿利维甲酸(alitretinoin)、氨基乙酰丙酸、阿那曲唑、阿那曲唑、阿瑞匹坦、三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide)、菊欧文氏菌天冬酰胺酶(asparaginase erwinia chrysanthemi)、阿特珠单抗(atezolizumab)、阿西替尼、阿扎胞苷、贝利司他(belinostat)、苯达莫司汀、异硫氰酸苄酯(benzylisothiocyanate)、贝伐单抗、贝沙罗汀(bexarotene)、比卡鲁胺、博来霉素、博纳吐单抗(blinatumomab)、硼替佐米、波舒替尼(bosutinib)、维布妥昔单抗(brentuximabvedotin)、白消安、卡巴他赛(cabazitaxel)、卡博替尼(cabozantinib)、卡培他滨、卡铂、卡非佐米(carfilzomib)、卡莫司汀、色瑞替尼(ceritinib)、西妥昔单抗、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、顺铂、氯法拉滨(clofarabine)、考比替尼(cobimetinib)、克唑替尼(crizotinib)、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、达拉非尼、达卡巴嗪、达卡巴嗪、放线菌素D(dactinomycin)、达雷木单抗(daratumumab)、达沙替尼、道诺霉素、地西他滨、去纤苷钠(defibrotide sodium)、地加瑞克、地尼白介素白喉毒素(denileukin diftitox)、地诺单抗(denosumab)、地塞米松、右雷佐生(dexrazoxane)、二氢睾酮(dihydrotestosterone,DHT)、达妥昔单抗(dinutuximab)、多西他赛、多柔比星、埃罗妥珠单抗(elotuzumab)、艾曲波帕(eltrombopag)、恩杂鲁胺(enzalutamide)、表柔比星、甲磺酸艾日布林(eribulinmesylate)、厄洛替尼、依托泊苷、依维莫司、依西美坦、依西美坦、非格司亭、磷酸氟达拉滨、氟他胺、氟维司群、氟维司群、吉非替尼、吉西他滨、吉妥珠单抗(gemtuzumab)、吉妥珠单抗奥佐米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、谷卡匹酶(glucarpidase)、乙酸戈舍瑞林(goserelinacetate)、羟基脲、替伊莫单抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan)、依鲁替尼(ibrutinib)、伊达比星、艾代拉里斯(idelalisib)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、伊马替尼、咪喹莫特、干扰素α-2b、伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)、伊立替康、伊沙匹隆、伊沙佐米(ixazomib)、兰瑞肽(lanreotide)、拉帕替尼、来那度胺、乐伐替尼(lenvatinib)、来曲唑、甲酰四氢叶酸(leucovorin)、亮丙瑞林、洛莫司汀、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、乙酸甲地孕酮、美法仑、巯嘌呤、美司钠(mesna)、甲氨蝶呤、丝裂霉素C、米托蒽醌、耐昔妥珠单抗(necitumumab)、奈拉滨、奈妥吡坦(netupitant)、尼洛替尼、尼鲁米特(nilutamide)、纳武单抗(nivolumab)、奥比妥珠单抗(obinutuzumab)、奥法木单抗(ofatumumab)、奥拉帕尼(olaparib)、高三尖杉酯碱(omacetaxine mepesuccinate)、奥希替尼(osimertinib)、奥沙利铂、奥佐米星、紫杉醇、帕博西尼(palbociclib)、帕利夫明(palifermin)、帕米膦酸盐(pamidronate)、帕尼单抗(panitumumab)、帕比司他(panobinostat)、帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)、培门冬酶(pegaspargase)、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b、派姆单抗(pembrolizumab)、培美曲塞、帕妥珠单抗(pertuzumab)、普乐沙福(plerixafor)、泊马度胺(pomalidomide)、帕纳替尼(ponatinib)、普拉曲沙(pralatrexate)、泼尼松、丙卡巴肼、普萘洛尔、镭223二氯化物、雷洛昔芬、雷莫芦单抗(ramucirumab)、拉布立酶(rasburicase)、瑞格非尼(regorafenib)、利妥昔单抗、罗拉吡坦(rolapitant)、罗米地辛(romidepsin)、罗米司亭(romiplostim)、鲁索利替尼(ruxolitinib)、司妥昔单抗(siltuximab)、sipuleucel-t、索尼德吉(sonidegib)、索拉非尼、舒尼替尼、talimogene laherparepvec、他莫昔芬、替莫唑胺、替西罗莫司(temsirolimus)、沙利度胺、硫鸟嘌呤、噻替派(thiotepa)、替吡嘧啶(tipiracil)、拓扑替康、托瑞米芬、托瑞米芬、托西莫单抗(tositumomab)、曲贝替定(trabectedin)、曲美替尼(trametinib)、曲妥珠单抗、维甲酸(tretinoin)、曲氟尿苷、三乙酸尿苷、凡德他尼、维罗非尼(vemurafenib)、维奈托克(venetoclax)、长春碱、长春新碱、长春瑞滨(vinorelbine)、维莫德吉(vismodegib)、伏立诺他(vorinostat)、ziv-阿柏西普(ziv-aflibercept)、唑来膦酸、及其可药用盐。这些抗癌剂在本文中称为“代表性抗癌剂”。
在一些实施方案中,抗癌剂是以下的一种或更多种:5-氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、顺铂、厄洛替尼、依维莫司、吉西他滨、伊立替康、乙酸兰瑞肽、甲酰四氢叶酸、丝裂霉素C、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇、泰索帝(taxotere)和苹果酸舒尼替尼。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,抗癌剂与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合。抗癌剂可通过共价键与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合。酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂与抗癌剂之间的共价键可通过酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂上的反应性官能团与抗癌剂上的反应性官能团的化学反应形成。酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂上的反应性官能团可包括酯、羧酸、酰胺、氨基、羟基和活化的芳香族或脂肪族碳原子。抗癌剂上的反应性官能团可包括酯、羧酸、酰胺、氨基、羟基、以及活化的芳香族或脂肪族碳原子、硫化物和氰基。因此,酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂上的官能团与抗癌剂上的官能团的反应可产生醚、胺、酯、酰胺、硫酯、硫醚、氨基甲酸酯和脲。用于制备本发明一些实施方案所需共价键类型的方法通常是本领域中已知的。参见例如Michael B.Smith和Jerry March,March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry,Reactions,Mechanism,andStructure(John Wiley&Sons 2001)。
本发明的一个示例性实施方案(其中抗癌剂通过共价键与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合)是由卡培他滨的羟基与α-甲基酪氨酸的羧酸基团缩合而产生的酯:
在另一些实施方案中,抗癌剂通过非共价键与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合。在一些实施方案中,非共价键是离子键。酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂与抗癌剂之间的离子键可通过酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂上的成盐官能团与抗癌剂上的成盐官能团的化学反应形成。酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂上的成盐官能团可包括羧酸、氨基和酸性羟基。抗癌剂上的成盐官能团可包括羧酸、氨基、酸性羟基和酸性巯基。用于制备本发明一些实施方案所需非共价键类型的方法通常是本领域中已知的。参见例如Michael B.Smith和Jerry March,March’s AdvancedOrganic Chemistry,Reactions,Mechanism,and Structure(John Wiley&Sons 2001)。
本发明的一个示例性实施方案(其中抗癌剂通过非共价的离于键与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合)是由D-酪氨酸乙酯与甲酰四氢叶酸反应而产生的盐:
在本发明的另一些实施方案中,抗癌剂通过接头与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合。在一些实施方案中,接头是与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和抗癌剂二者形成化学键并因此将酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂与抗癌剂分离的化学部分。因此,在一些实施方案中,本发明提供了酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂-抗癌剂缀合物。酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂与接头之间的共价键可包括例如,由酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂上的反应性官能团与接头上的反应性官能团反应而形成的氨基甲酸酯键、酰胺键、酯键、氨基键和醚键。抗癌剂与接头之间的共价键可包括例如,由抗癌剂上的反应性官能团与接头上的反应性官能团反应而形成的二硫键、氨基甲酸酯键、酰胺键、酯键、氨基键和醚键。因此,在一些实施方案中,接头是具有与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂反应的反应性官能团和与抗癌剂反应的反应性官能团的化学部分。在一些实施方案中,接头是具有两个官能团的分子,其中一个官能团能够与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂上的官能团形成共价键,并且另一个官能团能够与抗癌剂上的官能团形成共价键。在一些实施方案中,接头选自:具有两个或更多个反应性官能团的脂肪族化合物、具有两个或更多个反应性官能团的芳香族化合物、碳水化合物、氨基酸、肽、二氨基化合物、多氨基化合物、二醇、多元醇、氨基醇、乙醇胺、二酰胺、聚酰胺、脂质和聚乙二醇。用于制备本发明一些实施方案所需化学键的方法通常是本领域中已知的。参见例如Michael B.Smith和Jerry March,March’s AdvancedOrganic Chemistry,Reactions,Mechanism,and Structure(John Wiley&Sons 2001)。
在一些实施方案中,可在生理条件下切割接头,从而使酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂与抗癌剂分离。在一些实施方案中,当缀合物已进入癌细胞时切割接头。在一些实施方案中,通过位于癌细胞内或癌细胞表面上的酶切割接头。
在一些实施方案中,单一接头可与多个抗癌剂和单一酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合。
在本发明的另一些实施方案中,抗癌剂与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂物理缔合。在一些实施方案中,抗癌剂通过浸渍与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂物理缔合。浸渍可通过并对酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和固体抗癌剂施加一定时间的力并在使酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和抗癌剂中的至少一种与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和所述抗癌剂中的另一种有效浸渍的条件下来实现。通过浸渍形成的组合物和浸渍方法示于2015年4月23日公开的美国专利申请公开No.2015/0112116-A1中,其内容整体并入本文。
在另一些实施方案中,抗癌剂通过包封与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂物理缔合。
在另一些实施方案中,接头通过物理缔合或通过物理缔合与化学键合的组合将酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂与抗癌剂连接。在一些实施方案中,抗癌剂被包封在脂质体内,所述脂质体具有与其外表面共价键合的一种或更多种酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂。在该实施方案中,脂质体是通过化学(共价)键与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂键合并通过物理缔合(包封)与抗癌剂结合的接头。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,本发明的组合物还包含一种或更多种可药用赋形剂。可药用赋形剂是本领域中已知的。参见例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,Mack Publishing Company(1990)。
还提供了在对象中治疗癌症的方法,以及降低不适当细胞增殖的方法。这样的方法可包括施用有效量的靶向癌细胞的组合物。合适的实施方案是包括施用有效量的上述组合物的方法,所述组合物包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂。其他合适的方法包括施用有效量的上述组合物,其包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂,连同一种或更多种另外的治疗剂。
具有或不具有另外的治疗剂的组合物可以以单一剂型或任何数量的期望剂型(包括以单独的剂型)提供。代表性的剂型包括片剂、胶囊剂、囊片剂、无菌水性或有机溶液剂、可重构的粉末剂、酏剂、液体剂、胶体或其他类型的混悬剂、乳剂、珠剂、珠粒(beadlet)、颗粒剂、微粒剂、纳米粒剂、及其组合。当然,所施用组合物的量将取决于所治疗的对象、对象的体重、所治疗病症的严重程度、施用方式以及处方医师的判断。
可通过包括以下的多种途径施用含有或不含另外的治疗剂的组合物:经口、经鼻、皮下、静脉内、肌内、经皮、经阴道、经直肠或以其任意组合。经皮施用可使用例如油酸、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或十二烷基壬氧基乙二醇单醚(dodecylnonaoxyethylene glycolmonoether)进行。
施用本发明组合物(含有或不含另外的治疗剂)的对象可以是哺乳动物,优选人。
代表性方法包括其中癌症是非小细胞肺癌的那些。在某些实施方案中,非小细胞肺癌是IV期非小细胞肺癌。在另一些实施方案中,癌症是卵巢癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、脑癌、肝癌、睾丸癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、阑尾癌、胆道癌(biliary cancer)、胆管癌(choleangiocarcinoma)、结肠癌、结直肠癌、生殖细胞肿瘤、胶质瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkin’s lymphoma)、肺癌、神经母细胞瘤、前列腺癌、肾癌、肉瘤、甲状腺癌、舌癌、扁桃体鳞状细胞癌或尿路上皮癌(urothelial cancer)。在一些实施方案中,癌症是胰腺癌。
本发明方法不仅可包括所公开的施用步骤,还可包括评估在所述对象中所述癌症的进展和/或细胞增殖程度的步骤。评估步骤可在施用步骤之前或之后进行。
合适的实施方案可包括施用上述组合物,其包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂。组合物中的酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂可以是酪氨酸衍生物。酪氨酸衍生物可以是上述代表性酪氨酸衍生物中的一种或更多种。
上述组合物中的抗癌剂包括针对癌症有活性的任何药剂,并且包括烷化剂、抗代谢物、抗微管剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、细胞毒性抗生素、选择性雌激素受体调节剂、芳香酶抑制剂、信号转导抑制剂、改变调节基因表达和其他细胞功能之蛋白质的功能的药剂、诱导癌细胞发生凋亡的药物、以及干扰血管生成的药物。抗癌剂可以是上述代表性抗癌剂中的一种或更多种。
还提供了在对象中治疗癌症的方法,其包括向有此需要的对象施用有效量的上述组合物,所述组合物包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂。在一些合适的实施方案中,组合物经口、皮下、静脉内、经皮、经阴道、经直肠或以其任意组合施用。经皮施用可以用油酸、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或十二烷基壬氧基乙二醇单醚进行。在另一些实施方案中,组合物在由施用组合物五至七天和不施用组合物一至两天组成的周期中施用。可施用组合物至少六个所述周期的疗程。用于治疗癌症的组合物中的酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂可以是酪氨酸衍生物。酪氨酸衍生物可以是上述代表性酪氨酸衍生物中的一种或更多种。
可用于治疗癌症的组合物中的抗癌剂包括针对癌症有活性的任何药剂,并且包括烷化剂、抗代谢物、抗微管剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、细胞毒性抗生素、选择性雌激素受体调节剂、芳香酶抑制剂、信号转导抑制剂、改变调节基因表达和其他细胞功能之蛋白质的功能的药剂、诱导癌细胞发生凋亡的药物、以及干扰血管生成的药物。抗癌剂可以是上述代表性抗癌剂中的一种或更多种。
治疗癌症的方法中的对象可以是哺乳动物,并且该哺乳动物可以是人。在一些实施方案中,对象是人。
治疗癌症的代表性方法包括其中癌症是非小细胞肺癌的那些。在某些实施方案中,非小细胞肺癌是IV期非小细胞肺癌。在另一些实施方案中,癌症是卵巢癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、脑癌、肝癌、睾丸癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、阑尾癌、胆道癌、胆管癌、结肠癌、结直肠癌、生殖细胞肿瘤、胶质瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、肺癌、神经母细胞瘤、前列腺癌、肾癌、肉瘤、甲状腺癌、舌癌、扁桃体鳞状细胞癌或尿路上皮癌。在一些实施方案中,癌症是胰腺癌。
另一个合适的实施方案还包括在所述对象中评估所述癌症的进展。评估步骤可在所述施用步骤之前进行,或者评估步骤可在所述施用步骤之后进行。
在一些实施方案中,治疗癌症的方法还包括施用一种或更多种另外的治疗剂。这样的另外的治疗剂可包括与作为上述组合物的组分的抗癌剂相同或不同的抗癌剂。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂是上述代表性抗癌剂中的一种或更多种。
在另一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂可包括一种或更多种另外的酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂、黑素和/或黑素促进剂、p450 3A4促进剂、亮氨酸氨肽酶抑制剂和生长激素抑制剂。在一些实施方案中,同时施用至少两种另外的治疗剂(即,黑素、促进剂和/或抑制剂)。在另一些实施方案中,同时施用至少三种另外的治疗剂。每种另外的治疗剂可同时施用。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂是一种或更多种酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂。代表性的酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂包括酪氨酸衍生物。酪氨酸衍生物可以是上述代表性酪氨酸衍生物中的一种或更多种。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括黑素、黑素促进剂或其组合中的至少一种。因此,可使用黑素,可使用一种或更多种黑素促进剂,并且可使用黑素和一种或更多种黑素促进剂二者(以分开的剂型或同一剂型)。根据本发明的黑素促进剂是提高黑素的产生和/或活性的化合物。认为提高的黑素水平降低炎症(例如通过抑制TNF)并排除隔离的淋巴系统(sequestered lymph system)。黑素是光催化剂,并可因此促进产生自由基的化学反应,所述自由基继而又可接近癌细胞。代表性的黑素促进剂是甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)和美拉诺坦II(melanotan II)。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括p450 3A4促进剂。“细胞色素p450 3A4”(其可缩写为“p450 3A4”)是酶的细胞色素p450超家族的成员,并且是参与体内异生物质(xenobiotic)代谢的混合功能氧化酶。它具有所有细胞色素中最广泛的底物。代表性的p450 3A4促进剂是5,5-二苯基乙内酰脲(商业上以例如大仑丁(Dilantin)销售)、丙戊酸和卡马西平,其被认为诱导p450 3A4酶的表达。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括亮氨酸氨肽酶抑制剂(作为替代地称为亮氨酰氨肽酶抑制剂)。亮氨酸氨肽酶是优先催化肽和/或蛋白质的N-端处的亮氨酸残基水解的酶。代表性的亮氨酸氨肽酶抑制剂是N-[(2S,3R)-3-氨基-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酰基]-L-亮氨酸和雷帕霉素。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括生长激素抑制剂。生长激素(例如,胰腺生长激素)诱导细胞复制。代表性的生长激素抑制剂是奥曲肽、生长抑素和司格列肽(seglitide)。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括D-亮氨酸。D-亮氨酸是天然存在的L-亮氨酸(并入到多肽和蛋白质中的亮氨酸形式)的立体异构体。
还提供了在对象中降低细胞增殖的方法,其包括施用有效量的组合物,所述组合物包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂。在一些合适的实施方案中,组分经口、皮下、静脉内、经皮、经阴道、经直肠或以其任意组合施用。经皮施用可用油酸、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或十二烷基壬氧基乙二醇单醚进行。在另一些实施方案中,组合物在由施用组合物五至七天和不施用组合物一至两天组成的周期中施用。可施用组合物至少六个所述周期的疗程。用于降低细胞增殖的组合物中的酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂可以是酪氨酸衍生物。酪氨酸衍生物可以是上述代表性酪氨酸衍生物中的一种或更多种。
可用于降低细胞增殖的组合物中的抗癌剂包括针对癌症有活性的任何药剂,并且包括烷化剂、抗代谢物、抗微管剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、细胞毒性抗生素、选择性雌激素受体凋节剂、芳香酶抑制剂、信号转导抑制剂、改变调节基因表达和其他细胞功能之蛋白质的功能的药剂、诱导癌细胞发生凋亡的药物、以及干扰血管生成的药物。抗癌剂可以是上述代表性抗癌剂中的一种或更多种。
降低细胞增殖的方法中的对象可以是哺乳动物,并且该哺乳动物可以是人。在一些实施方案中,对象是人。
降低细胞增殖的代表性方法包括其中细胞增殖是癌症的那些。在一些实施方案中,癌症是非小细胞肺癌。在某些实施方案中,非小细胞肺癌是IV期非小细胞肺癌。在另一些实施方案中,癌症是卵巢癌、乳腺癌、宫领癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、脑癌、肝癌、睾丸癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、阑尾癌、胆道癌、胆管癌、结肠癌、结直肠癌、生殖细胞肿瘤、胶质瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、肺癌、神经母细胞瘤、前列腺癌、肾癌、肉瘤、甲状腺癌、舌癌、扁桃体鳞状细胞癌或尿路上皮癌。在一些实施方案中,癌症是胰腺癌。
另一个合适的实施方案还包括在所述对象中评估所述癌症的进展。评估步骤可在所述施用步骤之前进行,或者评估步骤可以在所述施用步骤之后进行。
在一些实施方案中,降低细胞增殖的方法还包括施用一种或更多种另外的治疗剂。这样的另外的治疗剂可包括与作为上述组合物的组分的抗癌剂相同或不同的抗癌剂。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂是上述代表性抗癌剂中的一种或更多种。
在另一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂可包括一种或更多种另外的酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂、黑素和/或黑素促进剂、p450 3A4促进剂、亮氨酸氨肽酶抑制剂和生长激素抑制剂。在一些实施方案中,同时施用至少两种另外的治疗剂(即,黑素、促进剂和/或抑制剂)。在另一些实施方案中,同时施用至少三种另外的治疗剂。每种另外的治疗剂可同时施用。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂是一种或更多种酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂。代表性的酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂包括酪氨酸衍生物。酪氨酸衍生物可以是上述代表性酪氨酸衍生物中的一种或更多种。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括黑素、黑素促进剂或其组合中的至少一种。因此,可使用黑素,可使用一种或更多种黑素促进剂,并且可使用黑素和一种或更多种黑素促进剂二者(以分开的剂型或同一剂型)。根据本发明的黑素促进剂是提高黑素的产生和/或活性的化合物。认为提高的黑素水平降低炎症(通过例如抑制TNF)并排除隔离的淋巴系统。黑素是光催化剂,并可因此促进产生自由基的化学反应,所述自由基继而又可接近癌细胞。代表性的黑素促进剂是甲氧沙林和美拉诺坦II。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括p450 3A4促进剂。“细胞色素p450 3A4”(其可缩写为“p450 3A4”)是酶的细胞色素p450超家族的成员,并且是参与体内异生物质代谢的混合功能氧化酶。它具有所有细胞色素中最广泛的底物。代表性的p450 3A4促进剂是5,5-二苯基乙内酰脲(商业上以例如大仑丁销售)、丙戊酸和卡马西平,其被认为诱导p4503A4酶的表达。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括亮氨酸氨肽酶抑制剂(作为替代地称为亮氨酰氨肽酶抑制剂)。亮氨酸氨肽酶是优先催化肽和/或蛋白质的N-端处的亮氨酸残基水解的酶。代表性的亮氨酸氨肽酶抑制剂是N-[(2S,3R)-3-氨基-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酰基]-L-亮氨酸和雷帕霉素。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括生长激素抑制剂。生长激素(例如,胰腺生长激素)诱导细胞复制。代表性的生长激素抑制剂是奥曲肽、生长抑素和司格列肽。
在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂包括D-亮氨酸。D-亮氨酸是天然存在的L-亮氨酸(并入到多肽和蛋白质中的亮氨酸形式)的立体异构体。
本文中还提供了包含特异性靶向癌细胞的治疗的药盒。代表性药盒包含组合物及其合适的包装,所述组合物包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂。药盒可包含一个或更多个单独的容器、分隔物或隔室,以及任选的信息材料(例如施用说明书)。例如,每种组合物可包含在瓶子、小瓶或注射器中,并且信息材料可包含在塑料套管(sleeve)或包(packet)中或者以标签提供。在一些实施方案中,药盒包含多个(例如,一包)单独的容器,每个容器包含本文中中所述组合物的一个或更多个单位剂型。例如,药盒可包含多个注射器、安瓿、箔包(foil packet)或泡罩包装,其各自包含单个单位剂量的本文中所述组合物或其多种组合中的任何一种。药盒的容器可以是气密的、防水的(例如,对水分或蒸发的变化不可渗透)和/或不透光的。药盒任选地包含适合于施用所述组合物的装置,例如注射器、吸入器(inhalant)、移液管、镊子、测量匙、滴管(例如,滴眼管)、拭子(swab)(例如,棉拭子或木拭子)或任何这样的递送装置。在一些实施方案中,药盒还包含一种或更多种另外的治疗剂。在一些实施方案中,另外的治疗剂选自与作为上述组合物的组分的抗癌剂相同或不同的抗癌剂、另外的酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂、黑素、黑素促进剂、p450 3A4促进剂、亮氨酸氨肽酶抑制剂、生长激素抑制剂和D-亮氨酸。
提供以下实施例仅用于举例说明的目的,并不旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
通过以下研究证明了上述组合物的酪氨酸羟化酶部分被带入到胰腺细胞中的能力。
背景:SM88是五种治疗(西罗莫司、黑素、美拉诺坦、苯妥英和酪氨酸异构体)的新组合,当一起施用时已表明,在30位患者的初步研究中具有几乎没有毒性至没有毒性的抗癌活性[J Clin Oncol 31,2013(增刊;摘要e22095)和Hoffman等,GynOncol,130(1),e43]。该研究报道了与酪氨酸药剂α-甲基-DL-酪氨酸的毒性相关的临床前动物数据,以及可能的作用机制。
材料和方法:使用α-甲基-DL-酪氨酸在Sprague Dawley大鼠和比格犬(beagledog)中进行7天递增剂量和28天重复给药毒理学研究的临床前动物模型。在25、75、150和300mg/kg的剂量水平下,在4周的时间内每天一次或每周三次施用测试和对照/载剂物品。该研究包括死亡率、临床观察、体重、食物消耗、心电图和眼科。另外,在预治疗期间以及第29天(主动物和恢复动物)和第55天(恢复动物)评价血液学、凝血、临床化学和尿分析参数。在第1天和第27天,在与治疗相关的8个时间点收集血液样品,以确定毒代动力学特征。
结果:所有测试大鼠,无论性别如何,均显示出胰腺(细胞体积降低,并且酶原泡(zymogenous vacuole)浓度降低)、卵巢和子宫中一致的器官体积降低。在中断α-甲基-DL-酪氨酸之后,这些变化是完全可逆的。连续28天实现300mg/kg/天雄性中平均增重降低,这与所有剂量组的雌性中食物消耗降低和与剂量相关的平均增重提高相关。对于狗没有这样的观察结果。没有死亡,没有临床体征,对ECG没有作用,没有眼部发现,血液学、凝血、临床化学和尿分析参数没有变化,其他器官重量没有变化,并且也没有可归因于以高至300mg/kg的剂量施用异构体的宏观和微观发现。因此,当每周施用三次持续4周时,酪氨酸药剂的未观察到作用的水平(No Observed Effect Level,NOEL)被确定为150mg/kg(对于狗)和300mg/kg(对于大鼠)。在第27天获得的150mg/kg(狗)的血浆Cmax值,对于雄性和雌性分别为41.7μg/ml和41.36μg/ml。AUC0-T最后值为717.7hr*μg/ml(雄性)和724.8hr*μg/ml(雌性)。在第1天与第27天之间血浆中组合异构体浓度的差异表明,对药剂的全身暴露通常以剂量依赖性方式提高,并且以略小于与剂量成比例的方式提高。一般来说,在给药之后2至6.7小时达到药剂的最大浓度水平(Cmax)。在Tmax之后,药剂的血浆浓度逐渐下降,平均估计T1/2值在第1天为7.9至9.3小时,并且在第27天为8.4至9.6小时。所有测量的毒代动力学参数都没有重大或一致的与性别相关的差异作为性别比(其为0.3至1.8)的证据。在4周治疗期间,用25、75和150mg/kg治疗的动物中AUC0-T最后和AUCINF(Cmax)积聚比(第27天/第1天)为0.6至1.8(0.8至1.6),表明当以高至150mg/kg的剂量在27天的时间中每周施用3次时药剂不积聚。对于大鼠,结果是类似的。
Claims (22)
1.组合物,其包含酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂和与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合或物理缔合的抗癌剂。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂是酪氨酸衍生物。
3.权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述酪氨酸衍生物是以下的一种或更多种:
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2-氯-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
D-酪氨酸乙酯盐酸盐;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2,6-二氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
H-D-Tyr(TBU)-烯丙酯HCI;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-4,5-二甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2-氯-3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-[(2-氯-6-氟苯基)甲氧基]苯基)丙酸甲酯;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2-氯-3,4-二甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-5-氟-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
2-(乙酰氨基)-2-(4-[(2-氯-6-氟苄基)氧基]苄基丙二酸二乙酯;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-4-羟基-5-甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(2,6-二氯-3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯;
H-DL-tyr-OMe HCl;
H-3,5-二碘-tyr-OME HCl;
H-D-3,5-二碘-tyr-OME HCl;
H-D-tyr-OMe HCl;
D-酪氨酸甲酯盐酸盐;
D-酪氨酸-OMe HCl;
D-酪氨酸甲酯盐酸盐;
D-酪氨酸甲酯HCl;
H-D-Tyr-OMe-HCl;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)甲酯盐酸盐;
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯盐酸盐;
(2R)-2-氮烷基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯盐酸盐;
3-氯-L-酪氨酸;
3-硝基-L-酪氨酸;
3-硝基-L-酪氨酸乙酯盐酸盐;
DL-m-酪氨酸;
DL-o-酪氨酸;
Boc-Tyr(3,5-I2)-OSu;
Fmoc-tyr(3-NO2)-OH;
α-甲基-L-酪氨酸;
α-甲基-D-酪氨酸;以及
α-甲基-DL-酪氨酸。
4.权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述酪氨酸衍生物是α-甲基-DL-酪氨酸。
5.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述抗癌剂是以下的至少一种:烷化剂、抗代谢物、抗微管剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、细胞毒性抗生素、选择性雌激素受体调节剂、芳香酶抑制剂、信号转导抑制剂、改变调节基因表达和其他细胞功能之蛋白质的功能的药剂、诱导癌细胞发生凋亡的药物、以及干扰血管生成的药物。
6.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述抗癌剂是以下的至少一种:5-氟尿嘧啶、乙酸阿比特龙、乙酰胆碱、阿多曲妥珠单抗依酯、阿法替尼、阿地白介素、阿来替尼、阿仑单抗、阿利维甲酸、氨基乙酰丙酸、阿那曲唑、阿那曲唑、阿瑞匹坦、三氧化二砷、菊欧文氏菌天冬酰胺酶、阿特珠单抗、阿西替尼、阿扎胞苷、贝利司他、苯达莫司汀、异硫氰酸苄酯、贝伐单抗、贝沙罗汀、比卡鲁胺、博来霉素、博纳吐单抗、硼替佐米、波舒替尼、维布妥昔单抗、白消安、卡巴他赛、卡博替尼、卡培他滨、卡铂、卡非佐米、卡莫司汀、色瑞替尼、西妥昔单抗、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、氯法拉滨、考比替尼、克唑替尼、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、达拉非尼、达卡巴嗪、达卡巴嗪、放线菌素D、达雷木单抗、达沙替尼、道诺霉素、地西他滨、去纤苷钠、地加瑞克、地尼白介素白喉毒素、地诺单抗、地塞米松、右雷佐生、二氢睾酮(DHT)、达妥昔单抗、多西他赛、多柔比星、埃罗妥珠单抗、艾曲波帕、恩杂鲁胺、表柔比星、甲磺酸艾日布林、厄洛替尼、依托泊苷、依维莫司、依西美坦、依西美坦、非格司亭、磷酸氟达拉滨、氟他胺、氟维司群、氟维司群、吉非替尼、吉西他滨、吉妥珠单抗、吉妥珠单抗奥佐米星、谷卡匹酶、乙酸戈舍瑞林、羟基脲、替伊莫单抗、依鲁替尼、伊达比星、艾代拉里斯、异环磷酰胺、伊马替尼、咪喹莫特、干扰素α-2b、伊匹单抗、伊立替康、伊沙匹隆、伊沙佐米、兰瑞肽、拉帕替尼、来那度胺、乐伐替尼、来曲唑、甲酰四氢叶酸、亮丙瑞林、洛莫司汀、氮芥、乙酸甲地孕酮、美法仑、巯嘌呤、美司钠、甲氨蝶呤、丝裂霉素c、米托蒽醌、耐昔妥珠单抗、奈拉滨、奈妥吡坦、尼洛替尼、尼鲁米特、纳武单抗、奥比妥珠单抗、奥法木单抗、奥拉帕尼、高三尖杉酯碱、奥希替尼、奥沙利铂、奥佐米星、紫杉醇、帕博西尼、帕利夫明、帕米膦酸盐、帕尼单抗、帕比司他、帕唑帕尼、培门冬酶、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2b、派姆单抗、培美曲塞、帕妥珠单抗、普乐沙福、泊马度胺、帕纳替尼、普拉曲沙、泼尼松、丙卡巴肼、普萘洛尔、镭223二氯化物、雷洛昔芬、雷莫芦单抗、拉布立酶、瑞格非尼、利妥昔单抗、罗拉吡坦、罗米地辛、罗米司亭、鲁索利替尼、司妥昔单抗、sipuleucel-t、索尼德吉、索拉非尼、舒尼替尼、talimogene laherparepvec、他莫昔芬、替莫唑胺、替西罗莫司、沙利度胺、硫鸟嘌呤、噻替派、替吡嘧啶、拓扑替康、托瑞米芬、托瑞米芬、托西莫单抗、曲贝替定、曲美替尼、曲妥珠单抗、维甲酸、曲氟尿苷、三乙酸尿苷、凡德他尼、维罗非尼、维奈托克、长春碱、长春新碱、长春瑞滨、维莫德吉、伏立诺他、ziv-阿柏西普、唑来膦酸、及其可药用盐。
7.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述抗癌剂与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合。
8.权利要求7所述的组合物,其中所述抗癌剂通过共价键与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合。
9.权利要求7所述的组合物,其中所述抗癌剂通过非共价键与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合。
10.权利要求7所述的组合物,其中所述抗癌剂通过接头与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂化学键合。
11.权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述抗癌剂与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂物理缔合。
12.权利要求11所述的组合物,其中所述抗癌剂通过浸渍与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂物理缔合。
13.权利要求11所述的组合物,其中所述抗癌剂通过包封与所述酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂物理缔合。
14.权利要求1所述的组合物,其还包含可药用赋形剂。
15.在对象中降低细胞增殖的方法,其包括向有此需要的对象施用有效量的根据权利要求1所述的组合物。
16.在对象中治疗癌症的方法,其包括向有此需要的对象施用有效量的根据权利要求1所述的组合物。
17.权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述癌症是以下的至少一种:非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、脑癌、肝癌、睾丸癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、阑尾癌、胆道癌、胆管癌、结肠癌、结直肠癌、生殖细胞肿瘤、胶质瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、肺癌、神经母细胞瘤、前列腺癌、肾癌、肉瘤、甲状腺癌、舌癌、扁桃体鳞状细胞癌或尿路上皮癌。
18.权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述癌症是胰腺癌。
19.权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述组合物经口、皮下、静脉内、经皮、经阴道、经直肠或以其任意组合施用。
20.权利要求16所述的方法,其还包括施用有效量的一种或更多种另外的治疗剂。
21.药盒,其包含根据权利要求1所述的组合物以及合适的包装。
22.权利要求21所述的药盒,其还包含另外的治疗剂。
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