CN110056189B - Method for monitoring and controlling large-volume concrete construction by using Internet of things - Google Patents
Method for monitoring and controlling large-volume concrete construction by using Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- CN110056189B CN110056189B CN201910346994.5A CN201910346994A CN110056189B CN 110056189 B CN110056189 B CN 110056189B CN 201910346994 A CN201910346994 A CN 201910346994A CN 110056189 B CN110056189 B CN 110056189B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/24—Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction
- E04G21/246—Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction specially adapted for curing concrete in situ, e.g. by covering it with protective sheets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
- G05B19/41865—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by job scheduling, process planning, material flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
- H04L67/025—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP] for remote control or remote monitoring of applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Abstract
A method for monitoring and controlling construction of mass concrete by using the Internet of things comprises the steps of adopting an Internet of things wireless intelligent concrete temperature monitoring system, automatically recording the internal and external temperatures of the mass concrete in the casting process in real time in a wireless transmission mode, storing and intelligently analyzing remote real-time collected data by a background server, automatically generating a historical data table and a temperature curve trend chart, providing a solid data basis for technical analysis, and controlling the concrete temperature by adjusting the water temperature and the water flow speed of a cooling water pipe and a casting method. The invention has the characteristics of high construction efficiency, safe process, short construction period, reduced cost, energy conservation, environmental protection and easy guarantee of engineering quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for monitoring and controlling large-volume concrete construction by using the Internet of things.
Background
The concrete is used as a main material of a large-scale structure, the quality of construction has great influence on the engineering quality, and the real-time, effective and accurate monitoring and control are required in the processes of transportation, pouring, maintenance and the like of the concrete in order to reduce the temperature stress and the shrinkage cracks of the mass concrete. The internet of things technology is an important component of a new generation of information technology, is also an important development stage of the information era, and is considered as the third wave of development of the world information industry after computers and the internet. Meanwhile, the appearance of BIM accelerates the application of the Internet of things technology to construction, and the application of the Internet of things technology to civil engineering construction has important significance for the development of the construction industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects, the invention provides a method for monitoring and controlling the construction of large-volume concrete by using the Internet of things as a concrete implementation site for the first-stage medical comprehensive building project of the hospital in the Jinjiang city, which adopts an Internet of things wireless intelligent concrete temperature monitoring system, automatically records the internal and external temperatures of the large-volume concrete in the pouring process in a wireless transmission mode, stores and intelligently analyzes the remote real-time acquired data by a background server, automatically generates a historical data table and a temperature curve trend chart, provides a solid data basis for technical analysis, and controls the temperature of the concrete by adjusting the water temperature and the water flow speed of a cooling water pipe and a pouring method, thereby not only effectively reducing dust and noise, but also obviously improving the management level and the operation efficiency of each aspect; the invention provides data analysis for selecting the water-cement ratio in the concrete mixing ratio, thereby obtaining a better mixing ratio and effectively improving the internal quality of a mass concrete structure.
Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of high construction efficiency, safe process, short construction period, low cost, energy conservation, environmental protection and easy guarantee of engineering quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical measures: a method for monitoring and controlling large-volume concrete construction by using the Internet of things is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, construction preparation, wherein the construction preparation comprises material preparation, technical preparation and construction arrangement;
wherein the material preparation specifically comprises: the engineering structure concrete adopts commercial concrete, and a premixed concrete supplier which has high qualification, good social reputation and strong technical strength and has a factory site distance within 15 kilometers from a site is preferably selected to meet the requirement of continuous concrete pouring of a construction site;
wherein the technical preparation specifically comprises the following steps: according to the design principle of the mix proportion and the concrete requirements of the engineering, the requirements of the engineering on the design of raw materials and the mix proportion are provided by combining similar engineering experience and large-scale engineering practice, and the most reasonable mix proportion of the concrete is selected through trial matching; aiming at the attention items of the construction process flow and the construction process of the mass concrete before construction, comprehensive and careful safety technology is carried out on operators;
wherein, the construction arrangement specifically is: the construction quality of the concrete is ensured; the structural design characteristics are fully considered, and the construction flow direction is reasonably organized and arranged; pump pipe arrangement and traffic organization are reasonably arranged by combining the field plane arrangement condition;
the engineering mass concrete roof adopts a one-time continuous pouring mode to avoid cold joints and ensure the construction quality; the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out temperature control on a member with single concrete pouring amount by a focus;
second, a BIM model and optimization is created, which includes:
firstly, a three-dimensional digital model of field general arrangement is established by utilizing sample tea software, and the three-dimensional digital model comprises information of an office area, a living area, a sample plate area, a road, a steel bar processing shed, a tower crane, a construction elevator, material stacking, a main body structure and the like; the construction unit project responsible person, the design unit project responsible person, the reconnaissance unit project responsible person, the supervision engineer, the construction unit technical responsible person, the project manager, the project technical responsible person and other related persons jointly discuss the rationality of the three-dimensional digital model which is generally arranged on the site, and optimize the defects of the model so as to reach the site where the construction unit starts to arrange after all parties do not have a meeting;
secondly, establishing a large-volume concrete pouring three-dimensional animation model by using revit software, wherein the large-volume concrete pouring three-dimensional animation model comprises information such as arrangement of reinforcing steel bars, reserved pre-embedded holes, a spraying pipe network and a concrete pouring sequence;
thirdly, the environment on-line intelligent monitoring system is composed of an environment detection linkage spraying system, a social public screen and a command center system;
the environment detection linkage spraying system can monitor, display and collect 7 pieces of environment key data such as PM value of a construction site in real time, automatically count and analyze the data in real time, and automatically alarm and automatically start spraying equal-pressure dust equipment if the environment data exceeds an early warning value; storing and displaying the site dust raising data and the video images, recording the opening and closing of the linkage equipment for tracing, uploading the data to a site supervision mechanism through a network, and meeting the requirements of site policies;
the social public display screen can improve the civilized construction image and the social public credibility of a construction site, and receive and display the average value of the dust data of the construction site;
the command center system comprises a system integration, a display screen and a server, can intensively display a dust raising software control platform and an intelligent muck vehicle cleaning control platform, can preview a front-end picture of the system in real time, and is convenient for visually knowing field conditions so as to facilitate real-time scheduling and emergency command;
fourthly, the mixing plant is constructed by an internet of things, the mixing plant specifically comprises a material storage system, a material weighing system, a material conveying system, a mixing system, a powder storage system, a powder conveying system, a powder metering system, a water and admixture metering system and a control system, and the mixing plant adopts the radio frequency identification technology to manage the transportation of the concrete mixer truck and is integrated with a mixing plant control system;
step one, monitoring the test block from the drying temperature and humidity, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a concrete test block I, a concrete test block II, a concrete test block III, a PVC pipe and a mould,
wherein the water cement ratio of the concrete test block I is 1:2, the water cement ratio of the concrete test block II is 41:100, and the water cement ratio of the concrete test block III is 31: 100;
wherein, the openings at the two ends of the PVC pipe are smooth and flat, and the length, the outer diameter and the wall thickness are respectively 100mm, 20mm and 2 mm;
wherein the die is made of cubic plastic with the inner dimension side length of 150 mm;
2. when a concrete sample is initially set, implanting a PVC pipe into the center of a cubic concrete sample with the side length of 150mm, wherein the implantation depth is 75mm, then leveling surface slurry on the concrete sample, plugging an upper port of the PVC pipe by using a long pipeline transmitter, removing a mold after covering a layer of film moisturizing standard sample 1d on the surface, immediately sealing and wrapping the concrete sample by using a preservative film for three layers, and sealing the junction of the preservative film by using transparent adhesive tape, thereby forming a concrete sample I, a concrete sample II and a concrete sample III; the surface of the concrete test piece is in an absolute wet state, so that the change of the internal humidity of the concrete test piece is basically caused by the self-drying effect;
3. experiments of the concrete test block I, the concrete test block II and the concrete test block III show that: the water-cement ratio of three concrete test blocks with different water-cement ratios is lower, the duration of the humidity saturation period is shorter, the self-drying phenomenon is more obvious, when the interior of the concrete test block is slowly dehydrated and dried, the concrete test block is slowly shrunk, the mechanism that the deformation measurement value of the non-stress meter with the temperature component deducted from the mass concrete engineering is unstable for a long time is analyzed, and therefore the conclusion is drawn: comprehensively considering other factors in a reasonable range and selecting concrete with higher water cement ratio as much as possible;
step two, installing a scaffold, specifically: a wall connecting point is arranged on the frame body in 3 steps every 2, and a wall connecting hoop is arranged at the elevation position of each floor of the frame column; all the end parts which are tightly propped against the top of the wall column around the building or are additionally provided with horizontal hooping for firmly hooping the horizontal rods with the structural column are connected with the structure, so that the rigidity of the whole supporting system is enhanced; in any case, a horizontal reinforcing layer must be arranged at the top of the high supporting frame;
step three, template installation, which comprises a shear wall formwork supporting procedure, a beam formwork supporting procedure and a plate formwork supporting procedure,
the shear wall formwork supporting procedure specifically comprises the steps of paying off and positioning → formwork installation embedded parts → one side formwork in installation and positioning → installation supports → insertion of wall penetrating bolts and sleeves → installation and positioning of the other side formwork and supports → adjustment of the position of the formwork → fastening of the wall penetrating bolts → fixed supports → inspection and correction → connection of adjacent formworks → inspection and acceptance;
wherein, the procedure of beam formwork support specifically comprises the steps of erecting a full framing → guiding and measuring the height of the standard → laying square timber → installing a bottom formwork → installing a side beam formwork → checking and accepting;
wherein, the procedure of plate formwork support specifically comprises the steps of erecting a full framing → guiding and measuring elevation → laying square timber → laying a formwork → checking and accepting;
step four, binding steel bars, which comprises a shear wall steel bar binding procedure, a beam steel bar binding procedure and a plate steel bar binding procedure,
the shear wall steel bar binding procedure specifically comprises the steps of binding hidden column steel bars → binding hidden beam steel bars → erecting shear wall main bars → binding horizontal stress bars → checking and accepting;
the beam reinforcement binding procedure specifically comprises drawing a beam stirrup position line → placing stirrups → penetrating a beam stressing rib → binding stirrups → checking and accepting;
the plate steel bar binding program specifically comprises a main steel bar and distribution steel bar position line of the drawing board → a main steel bar placing → a distribution steel bar placing → a plate steel bar binding → a cushion block or a limiting card of a steel bar protecting layer → inspection and acceptance;
step five, installing a circulating water cooling pipe network, specifically: after the wall body and the top plate are bound by the reinforcing steel bars, a cooling water circulation cooling pipe network is arranged between the reinforcing steel bar meshes and is formed by connecting DN50 galvanized steel pipe wires, one pipe end of the galvanized steel pipe is used as a circulating water inlet, cooling water enters from the circulating water inlet, the other pipe end of the galvanized steel pipe is used as a circulating water outlet, the cooling water flows out from the circulating water outlet, and after concrete is poured, the reinforcing steel bar meshes and the galvanized steel pipe are wrapped by the concrete;
step six, temperature measuring points are arranged, 3 temperature measuring points are arranged on the wall body of the AC shaft, and 5 temperature measuring points are arranged on the middle column according to the average division of the wall length; 4 temperature measuring points are arranged on a reverse beam with the thickness of 2500mm, and 4 temperature measuring points are arranged on a thick plate 1300;
the vertical steel bars and the building frame steel bars are bound to realize fixation, sensor probes are vertically embedded in each temperature measuring point in a layered manner in advance according to the pouring thickness of the concrete, the vertical spacing of the sensor probes is arranged according to the spacing not larger than 600mm, the lines of the sensor probes are bound with the vertical steel bars to realize fixation, connecting lines are not knotted and wound, the connecting lines are led out to the upper ends of the vertical steel bars in parallel and upwards and are connected with a wireless collector, the wireless collector is arranged at the top ends of the vertical steel bars, each sensor probe is vertically downward and does not touch the vertical steel bars, therefore, the poured concrete can fully wrap the sensor probes, and the marks of each sensor probe correspond to the embedding depth of each sensor probe;
wherein, wireless collector installation specifically is: the wireless collector is arranged at a height position 1m away from the bottom plate surface, ports of the wireless collector are numbered respectively, the embedding depth of the sensor probe connected with each port is recorded according to the number, and the sensor probes with different embedding depths can correspond to different temperatures in the concrete;
the acquisition frequency of the wireless acquisition device is set to be 3-30 minutes, and after the wireless acquisition device is started, the wireless acquisition device can transmit temperature measurement data to the concentrator through wireless transmission;
wherein, the installation of concentrator specifically is: connecting a power supply and an antenna to the concentrator, placing the concentrator at a position with stable signals according to the field terrain condition, placing the concentrator upwards to ensure that data transmission signals of each wireless collector on the field can be received in a covering manner, and starting the concentrator to monitor the temperature of concrete after the concrete pouring is finished;
step seven, pouring concrete;
step eight, monitoring and controlling the temperature of the mass concrete, including temperature measurement monitoring data collection and temperature measurement detection data sorting and query,
wherein, the collection of temperature measurement monitoring data is specifically as follows: the method comprises the steps that the temperature measuring point data of a construction site are tested once every 3-30 minutes, after concrete is poured, the wireless collector collects the temperature through a sensor pre-embedded in the concrete and sends the temperature to a concentrator, the concentrator sends the temperature to the internet cloud end for storage through GPRS signals, all monitored temperature data are recorded in real time, and a historical data monitoring table is automatically generated;
the temperature measurement detection data sorting and inquiring specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature change condition is visually described in a curve diagram mode according to an on-site temperature measurement data table Internet of things platform, scientific data query basis can be provided for the temperature rising and cooling trends of the mass concrete according to an automatically generated temperature measurement curve trend diagram, whether the surface temperature difference of the mass concrete is controlled within the range of 25 ℃ is queried at any time, whether the temperature control measure of the mass concrete is effective is tested, and automatic alarm is given when the temperature reaches an alarm value; when the temperature reaches the warning value, the temperature of the cooling circulating water can be reduced and the water flow speed can be increased, so that the heat in the concrete is taken away;
step nine, intelligent spraying and curing of concrete, specifically comprising the following steps: before the template is not installed, a set of water pipe spraying pipe network maintenance system is installed on the bottom surface of the template and the two sides of the shear wall through PVC pipes of DN 25; after concrete pouring is finished, the wall and the plate bottom template are not removed, a spray head is adopted to spray water for curing, the wall surface and the top plate bottom template are kept wet all the time, and the purposes of curing and wetting the template and the concrete surface are achieved; the concrete surface of the top plate is maintained by covering the concrete surface with a film or building bricks by a three-skin solid machine around the top plate, water is added after the strength of the building mortar is achieved for water storage maintenance, and the water storage depth is 50 mm;
the spraying interval time is adjusted according to day and night, generally, the temperature is high and the humidity is low in the day, and the corresponding spraying interval time is automatically shortened; the temperature is low at night, the humidity is high, and the corresponding spraying interval time is automatically prolonged;
under the condition of not adopting hot water maintenance, when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the spraying maintenance system is not started to prevent icing; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃ and the accumulated time exceeds 15min, the spraying maintenance system is forcibly started to adjust the temperature; when the humidity is more than 90%, the spraying maintenance system is not started;
step ten, removing the large-volume concrete maintenance measures, specifically: when the mass concrete temperature monitoring system detects that the temperature of the concrete is reduced by less than 2 ℃/h and the maximum temperature difference between the surface temperature of the concrete and the environment is less than 20 ℃, removing the concrete curing material, and only watering and curing at the later stage.
The building frame steel bars comprise shear wall steel bars, beam steel bars and plate steel bars.
The method is executed strictly according to the standards of 'concrete structure engineering construction quality acceptance standard' GB50204-2015, 'concrete structure design standard' GB50010-2010, 'large-volume concrete engineering construction standard' GB50496-2012, 'computer product development documentation guideline' GB8567-88, 'electric power system real-time data communication application layer protocol' DL476-92, 'computer software development standard' GB8566-88, 'telemechanical terminal general technical condition' GB/T13729-92 'and large-volume concrete temperature measurement and control technical standard' GBT T28-2015.
The invention has the advantages of high construction efficiency, safe process, short construction period, low cost, energy saving, environmental protection and easy guarantee of engineering quality.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relative temperature and humidity change inside the concrete test block according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the circulating water cooling pipe network of the top plate in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the buried structure of the temperature measuring point in the present invention.
In fig. 2: 1-first stage, 2-second stage, 3-relative humidity%, 4-temperature/DEG C, 5-age/d, 6-concrete test block I, 7-concrete test block II, 8-concrete test block III, 9-ambient humidity, 10-ambient temperature.
In fig. 3: a1-circulating water inlet, A2-galvanized steel pipe and A3-circulating water outlet.
In fig. 4: b1-vertical steel bars, B2-wireless collectors, B3-sensor probes and B4-building frame steel bars.
Detailed Description
The invention provides the following specific embodiments by taking the first-stage medical comprehensive building project of the hospital migration project in Jinjiang city as a specific implementation place.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for monitoring and controlling large-volume concrete construction by using the internet of things is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
step one, monitoring the test block from the drying temperature and humidity, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a first concrete test block 6, a second concrete test block 7, a third concrete test block 8, a PVC pipe and a mould, wherein the water cement ratio of the first concrete test block 6 is 1:2, the water cement ratio of the second concrete test block 7 is 41:100, and the water cement ratio of the third concrete test block 8 is 31: 100;
wherein, the openings at the two ends of the PVC pipe are smooth and flat, and the length, the outer diameter and the wall thickness are respectively 100mm, 20mm and 2 mm;
wherein the die is made of cubic plastic with the inner dimension side length of 150 mm;
2. when a concrete sample is initially set, implanting a PVC pipe into the center of a cubic concrete sample with the side length of 150mm, wherein the implantation depth is 75mm, then leveling surface slurry on the concrete sample, plugging an upper port of the PVC pipe by using a long pipeline transmitter, removing a mold after covering a layer of film moisturizing standard sample 1d on the surface, immediately sealing and wrapping the concrete sample by using a preservative film for three layers, and sealing the junction of the preservative film by using transparent adhesive tape, thereby forming a concrete sample I6, a concrete sample II 7 and a concrete sample III 8; the surface of the concrete test piece is in an absolute wet state, so that the change of the internal humidity of the concrete test piece is basically caused by the self-drying effect;
3. experiments of the first concrete test block 6, the second concrete test block 7 and the third concrete test block 8 show that: the water-cement ratio of three concrete test blocks with different water-cement ratios is lower, the duration of the humidity saturation period is shorter, the self-drying phenomenon is more obvious, when the interior of the concrete test block is slowly dehydrated and dried, the concrete test block is slowly shrunk, the mechanism that the deformation measurement value of the non-stress meter with the temperature component deducted from the mass concrete engineering is unstable for a long time is analyzed, and therefore the conclusion is drawn: comprehensively considering other factors in a reasonable range and selecting concrete with higher water cement ratio as much as possible;
step two, installing a scaffold, specifically: a wall connecting point is arranged on the frame body in 3 steps every 2, and a wall connecting hoop is arranged at the elevation position of each floor of the frame column; all the end parts which are tightly propped against the top of the wall column around the building or are additionally provided with horizontal hooping for firmly hooping the horizontal rods with the structural column are connected with the structure, so that the rigidity of the whole supporting system is enhanced; in any case, a horizontal reinforcing layer must be arranged at the top of the high supporting frame;
step three, template installation, which comprises a shear wall formwork supporting procedure, a beam formwork supporting procedure and a plate formwork supporting procedure,
the shear wall formwork supporting procedure specifically comprises the steps of paying off and positioning → formwork installation embedded parts → one side formwork in installation and positioning → installation supports → insertion of wall penetrating bolts and sleeves → installation and positioning of the other side formwork and supports → adjustment of the position of the formwork → fastening of the wall penetrating bolts → fixed supports → inspection and correction → connection of adjacent formworks → inspection and acceptance;
wherein, the procedure of beam formwork support specifically comprises the steps of erecting a full framing → guiding and measuring the height of the standard → laying square timber → installing a bottom formwork → installing a side beam formwork → checking and accepting;
wherein, the procedure of plate formwork support specifically comprises the steps of erecting a full framing → guiding and measuring elevation → laying square timber → laying a formwork → checking and accepting;
step four, binding steel bars, which comprises a shear wall steel bar binding procedure, a beam steel bar binding procedure and a plate steel bar binding procedure,
the shear wall steel bar binding procedure specifically comprises the steps of binding hidden column steel bars → binding hidden beam steel bars → erecting shear wall main bars → binding horizontal stress bars → checking and accepting;
the beam reinforcement binding procedure specifically comprises drawing a beam stirrup position line → placing stirrups → penetrating a beam stressing rib → binding stirrups → checking and accepting;
the plate steel bar binding program specifically comprises a main steel bar and distribution steel bar position line of the drawing board → a main steel bar placing → a distribution steel bar placing → a plate steel bar binding → a cushion block or a limiting card of a steel bar protecting layer → inspection and acceptance;
step five, installing a circulating water cooling pipe network, as shown in fig. 3, specifically: after the wall body and the top plate are bound by the steel bars, a cooling water circulation cooling pipe network is arranged between the steel bar meshes and is formed by connecting DN50 galvanized steel pipes A2 in a threaded manner, one pipe end of each galvanized steel pipe A2 serves as a circulating water inlet A1, cooling water enters from the circulating water inlet A1, the other pipe end of each galvanized steel pipe A2 serves as a circulating water outlet A3, the cooling water flows out from the circulating water outlet A3, and after concrete is poured, the steel bar meshes and the galvanized steel pipes A2 are wrapped by the concrete;
step six, temperature measuring points are arranged, 3 temperature measuring points are arranged on the wall body of the AC shaft, and 5 temperature measuring points are arranged on the middle column according to the average division of the wall length; 4 temperature measuring points are arranged on a reverse beam with the thickness of 2500mm, and 4 temperature measuring points are arranged on a thick plate 1300;
as shown in fig. 4, the vertical steel bars and the building frame steel bars B4 are bound to be fixed, sensor probes B3 are vertically embedded in each temperature measuring point in a layered manner in advance according to the casting thickness of concrete, the vertical spacing of the sensor probes B3 is arranged at a spacing not greater than 600mm, the wires of the sensor probes B3 are bound to the vertical steel bars B1 to be fixed, each connecting wire is not knotted and wound, is led out to the upper end of the vertical steel bar B1 in parallel and is connected with a wireless collector B2, the wireless collector B2 is installed at the top end of the vertical steel bar B1, each sensor probe B3 is vertically downward and does not touch the vertical steel bar B1, so that the cast concrete can fully wrap the sensor probes B3, and the number of each sensor joint corresponds to the embedding depth of each sensor probe B3;
wherein, wireless collector B2 installation specifically is: the wireless collector B2 is installed at a height position 1m away from the bottom plate surface, ports of the wireless collector B2 are numbered respectively, the embedding depth of the sensor probe B3 connected with each port is recorded according to the numbers, and the sensor probes B3 with different embedding depths can correspond to different temperatures in the concrete;
the acquisition frequency of the wireless acquisition device B2 is set to be 3-30 minutes, and after the wireless acquisition device B2 is started, the wireless acquisition device B2 can transmit temperature measurement data to the concentrator through wireless transmission;
wherein, the installation of concentrator specifically is: connecting a power supply and an antenna to the concentrator, placing the concentrator at a position with stable signals according to the field terrain condition, placing the concentrator upwards to ensure that the concentrator can cover and receive data transmission signals of each wireless collector B2 on the field, and starting the concentrator to monitor the temperature of concrete after the concrete pouring is finished;
step seven, pouring concrete;
step eight, monitoring and controlling the temperature of the mass concrete, including temperature measurement monitoring data collection and temperature measurement detection data sorting and query,
wherein, the collection of temperature measurement monitoring data is specifically as follows: the method comprises the steps that the temperature measuring point data of a construction site are tested once every 3-30 minutes, after concrete is poured, the wireless collector B2 collects the temperature through a sensor pre-embedded in the concrete and sends the temperature to a concentrator, the concentrator sends the temperature to the Internet cloud for storage through GPRS signals, all monitored temperature data are recorded in real time, and a historical data monitoring table is automatically generated;
the temperature measurement detection data sorting and inquiring specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature change condition is visually described in a curve diagram mode according to an on-site temperature measurement data table Internet of things platform, scientific data query basis can be provided for the temperature rising and cooling trends of the mass concrete according to an automatically generated temperature measurement curve trend diagram, whether the surface temperature difference of the mass concrete is controlled within the range of 25 ℃ is queried at any time, whether the temperature control measure of the mass concrete is effective is tested, and automatic alarm is given when the temperature reaches an alarm value; when the temperature reaches the warning value, the temperature of the cooling circulating water can be reduced and the water flow speed can be increased, so that the heat in the concrete is taken away;
step nine, intelligent spraying and curing of concrete, specifically comprising the following steps: before the template is not installed, a set of water pipe spraying pipe network maintenance system is installed on the bottom surface of the template and the two sides of the shear wall through PVC pipes of DN 25; after concrete pouring is finished, the wall and the plate bottom template are not removed, a spray head is adopted to spray water for curing, the wall surface and the top plate bottom template are kept wet all the time, and the purposes of curing and wetting the template and the concrete surface are achieved; the concrete surface of the top plate is maintained by covering the concrete surface with a film or building bricks by a three-skin solid machine around the top plate, water is added after the strength of the building mortar is achieved for water storage maintenance, and the water storage depth is 50 mm;
the spraying interval time is adjusted according to day and night, generally, the temperature is high and the humidity is low in the day, and the corresponding spraying interval time is automatically shortened; the temperature is low at night, the humidity is high, and the corresponding spraying interval time is automatically prolonged;
under the condition of not adopting hot water maintenance, when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the spraying maintenance system is not started to prevent icing; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃ and the accumulated time exceeds 15min, the spraying maintenance system is forcibly started to adjust the temperature; when the humidity is more than 90%, the spraying maintenance system is not started;
step ten, removing the large-volume concrete maintenance measures, specifically: when the mass concrete temperature monitoring system detects that the temperature of the concrete is reduced by less than 2 ℃/h and the maximum temperature difference between the surface temperature of the concrete and the environment is less than 20 ℃, removing the concrete curing material, and only watering and curing at the later stage.
Claims (1)
1. A method for monitoring and controlling large-volume concrete construction by using the Internet of things is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, monitoring the test block from the drying temperature and humidity, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a first concrete test block (6), a second concrete test block (7), a third concrete test block (8), a PVC pipe and a mould,
wherein the water cement ratio of the concrete test block I (6) is 1:2, the water cement ratio of the concrete test block II (7) is 41:100, and the water cement ratio of the concrete test block III (8) is 31: 100;
wherein, the openings at the two ends of the PVC pipe are smooth and flat, and the length, the outer diameter and the wall thickness are respectively 100mm, 20mm and 2 mm;
wherein the die is made of cubic plastic with the inner dimension side length of 150 mm;
2) when the concrete sample is initially set, implanting a PVC pipe into the center of a cubic concrete sample with the side length of 150mm, wherein the implantation depth is 75mm, then leveling surface slurry on the concrete sample, plugging an upper port of the PVC pipe by using a long pipeline transmitter, removing a mold after covering a layer of film moisturizing standard sample 1d on the surface, immediately sealing and wrapping the concrete sample by using a preservative film for three layers, and sealing the junction of the preservative film by using transparent adhesive tape to form a concrete sample I (6), a concrete sample II (7) and a concrete sample III (8); the surface of the concrete test piece is in an absolute wet state, so that the change of the internal humidity of the concrete test piece is basically caused by the self-drying effect;
3) experiments of the concrete test block I (6), the concrete test block II (7) and the concrete test block III (8) show that: the water-cement ratio of three concrete test blocks with different water-cement ratios is lower, the duration of the humidity saturation period is shorter, the self-drying phenomenon is more obvious, when the interior of the concrete test block is slowly dehydrated and dried, the concrete test block is slowly shrunk, the mechanism that the deformation measurement value of the non-stress meter with the temperature component deducted from the mass concrete engineering is unstable for a long time is analyzed, and therefore the conclusion is drawn: comprehensively considering other factors in a reasonable range and selecting concrete with higher water cement ratio as much as possible;
step two, installing a scaffold, specifically: a wall connecting point is arranged on the frame body in 3 steps every 2, and a wall connecting hoop is arranged at the elevation position of each floor of the frame column; all the end parts which are tightly propped against the top of the wall column around the building or are additionally provided with horizontal hooping for firmly hooping the horizontal rods with the structural column are connected with the structure, so that the rigidity of the whole supporting system is enhanced; in any case, a horizontal reinforcing layer must be arranged at the top of the high supporting frame;
step three, template installation, which comprises a shear wall formwork supporting procedure, a beam formwork supporting procedure and a plate formwork supporting procedure,
the shear wall formwork supporting procedure specifically comprises the steps of paying off and positioning → formwork installation embedded parts → one side formwork in installation and positioning → installation supports → insertion of wall penetrating bolts and sleeves → installation and positioning of the other side formwork and supports → adjustment of the position of the formwork → fastening of the wall penetrating bolts → fixed supports → inspection and correction → connection of adjacent formworks → inspection and acceptance;
wherein, the procedure of beam formwork support specifically comprises the steps of erecting a full framing → guiding and measuring the height of the standard → laying square timber → installing a bottom formwork → installing a side beam formwork → checking and accepting;
wherein, the procedure of plate formwork support specifically comprises the steps of erecting a full framing → guiding and measuring elevation → laying square timber → laying a formwork → checking and accepting;
step four, binding steel bars, which comprises a shear wall steel bar binding procedure, a beam steel bar binding procedure and a plate steel bar binding procedure,
the shear wall steel bar binding procedure specifically comprises the steps of binding hidden column steel bars → binding hidden beam steel bars → erecting shear wall main bars → binding horizontal stress bars → checking and accepting;
the beam reinforcement binding procedure specifically comprises drawing a beam stirrup position line → placing stirrups → penetrating a beam stressing rib → binding stirrups → checking and accepting;
the plate steel bar binding program specifically comprises a main steel bar and distribution steel bar position line of the drawing board → a main steel bar placing → a distribution steel bar placing → a plate steel bar binding → a cushion block or a limiting card of a steel bar protecting layer → inspection and acceptance;
step five, installing a circulating water cooling pipe network, specifically: after the wall body and the top plate are bound by the steel bars, a cooling water circulation cooling pipe network is arranged between the steel bar meshes and is formed by connecting DN50 galvanized steel pipes (A2) in a threaded manner, one pipe end of each galvanized steel pipe (A2) serves as a circulating water inlet (A1), cooling water enters from the circulating water inlet (A1), the other pipe end of each galvanized steel pipe (A2) serves as a circulating water outlet (A3), the cooling water flows out from the circulating water outlet (A3), and after concrete is poured, the steel bar meshes and the galvanized steel pipes (A2) are wrapped by the concrete;
step six, temperature measuring points are arranged, 3 temperature measuring points are arranged on the wall body of the AC shaft, and 5 temperature measuring points are arranged on the middle column according to the average division of the wall length; 4 temperature measuring points are arranged on a reverse beam with the thickness of 2500mm, and 4 temperature measuring points are arranged on a thick plate 1300;
the vertical steel bars and the building frame steel bars (B4) are bound to realize fixation, sensor probes (B3) are vertically embedded in each temperature measuring point in a layered mode in advance according to the pouring thickness of concrete, the vertical spacing of the sensor probes (B3) is arranged at a spacing not larger than 600mm, the lines of the sensor probes (B3) and the vertical steel bars (B1) are bound to realize fixation, all connecting lines are not knotted and wound, are led out to the upper end of the vertical steel bars (B1) in parallel and upwards and are connected with a wireless collector (B2), the wireless collector (B2) is installed at the top end of the vertical steel bars (B1), each sensor probe (B3) is vertically downward and does not touch the vertical steel bars (B1), therefore, the poured concrete can fully wrap the sensor probes (B3), and the number of each sensor probe corresponds to the embedding depth of each sensor probe (B3);
wherein, wireless collector (B2) installation specifically is: the wireless collector (B2) is installed at a height position 1m away from the bottom plate surface, the ports of the wireless collector (B2) are numbered respectively, the embedding depth of the sensor probe (B3) connected with each port is recorded according to the numbers, and the sensor probes (B3) with different embedding depths can correspond to different temperatures in the concrete;
the acquisition frequency of the wireless acquisition device (B2) is set to be 3-30 minutes, and after the wireless acquisition device (B2) is started, the wireless acquisition device (B2) can transmit temperature measurement data to the concentrator through wireless transmission;
wherein, the installation of concentrator specifically is: connecting a power supply and an antenna to the concentrator, placing the concentrator at a position with stable signals according to the field terrain condition, placing the concentrator upwards to ensure that data transmission signals of each wireless collector (B2) on the field can be received in a covering manner, and starting the concentrator to monitor the temperature of concrete after the concrete pouring is finished;
step seven, pouring concrete;
step eight, monitoring and controlling the temperature of the mass concrete, including temperature measurement monitoring data collection and temperature measurement detection data sorting and query,
wherein, the collection of temperature measurement monitoring data is specifically as follows: the method comprises the steps that the temperature measuring point data of a construction site are tested once every 3-30 minutes, after concrete is poured, a wireless collector (B2) collects the temperature through a sensor pre-embedded in the concrete and sends the temperature to a concentrator, the concentrator sends the temperature to the Internet cloud for storage through a GPRS signal, all monitored temperature data are recorded in real time, and a historical data monitoring table is automatically generated;
the temperature measurement detection data sorting and inquiring specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature change condition is visually described in a curve diagram mode according to an on-site temperature measurement data table Internet of things platform, scientific data query basis can be provided for the temperature rising and cooling trends of the mass concrete according to an automatically generated temperature measurement curve trend diagram, whether the surface temperature difference of the mass concrete is controlled within the range of 25 ℃ is queried at any time, whether the temperature control measure of the mass concrete is effective is tested, and automatic alarm is given when the temperature reaches an alarm value; when the temperature reaches the warning value, the temperature of the cooling circulating water can be reduced and the water flow speed can be increased, so that the heat in the concrete is taken away;
step nine, intelligent spraying and curing of concrete, specifically comprising the following steps: before the template is not installed, a set of water pipe spraying pipe network maintenance system is installed on the bottom surface of the template and the two sides of the shear wall through PVC pipes of DN 25; after concrete pouring is finished, the wall and the plate bottom template are not removed, a spray head is adopted to spray water for curing, the wall surface and the top plate bottom template are kept wet all the time, and the purposes of curing and wetting the template and the concrete surface are achieved; the concrete surface of the top plate is maintained by covering the concrete surface with a film or building bricks by a three-skin solid machine around the top plate, water is added after the strength of the building mortar is achieved for water storage maintenance, and the water storage depth is 50 mm;
the spraying interval time is adjusted according to day and night, generally, the temperature is high and the humidity is low in the day, and the corresponding spraying interval time is automatically shortened; the temperature is low at night, the humidity is high, and the corresponding spraying interval time is automatically prolonged;
under the condition of not adopting hot water maintenance, when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the spraying maintenance system is not started to prevent icing; when the temperature is higher than 40 ℃ and the accumulated time exceeds 15min, the spraying maintenance system is forcibly started to adjust the temperature; when the humidity is more than 90%, the spraying maintenance system is not started;
step ten, removing the large-volume concrete maintenance measures, specifically: when the mass concrete temperature monitoring system detects that the temperature of the concrete is reduced by less than 2 ℃/h and the maximum temperature difference between the surface temperature of the concrete and the environment is less than 20 ℃, removing the concrete curing material, and only watering and curing at the later stage.
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| CN112663975A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-16 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Intelligent maintenance system and maintenance method for mass concrete |
| WO2023169403A1 (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-14 | The University Of Tokyo | Material monitoring system and uses thereof |
| CN116214689B (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-12-08 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Intelligent monitoring system and method for precast beam piece maintenance based on different time effects |
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| JP4293368B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2009-07-08 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Strength control method for expanded concrete |
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| JP4293368B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2009-07-08 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Strength control method for expanded concrete |
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