CN110053691B - Saddle-ride type vehicle - Google Patents

Saddle-ride type vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110053691B
CN110053691B CN201811514395.1A CN201811514395A CN110053691B CN 110053691 B CN110053691 B CN 110053691B CN 201811514395 A CN201811514395 A CN 201811514395A CN 110053691 B CN110053691 B CN 110053691B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
exhaust device
main
pair
muffler
type vehicle
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Application number
CN201811514395.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110053691A (en
Inventor
徐璐
韩玮
方莉雯
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to CN201811514395.1A priority Critical patent/CN110053691B/en
Publication of CN110053691A publication Critical patent/CN110053691A/en
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Publication of CN110053691B publication Critical patent/CN110053691B/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62HCYCLE STANDS; SUPPORTS OR HOLDERS FOR PARKING OR STORING CYCLES; APPLIANCES PREVENTING OR INDICATING UNAUTHORIZED USE OR THEFT OF CYCLES; LOCKS INTEGRAL WITH CYCLES; DEVICES FOR LEARNING TO RIDE CYCLES
    • B62H1/00Supports or stands forming part of or attached to cycles
    • B62H1/02Articulated stands, e.g. in the shape of hinged arms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K11/00Motorcycles, engine-assisted cycles or motor scooters with one or two wheels
    • B62K11/02Frames
    • B62K11/04Frames characterised by the engine being between front and rear wheels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M7/00Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
    • B62M7/02Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with engine between front and rear wheels

Abstract

The invention provides a saddle-ride type vehicle (1). The straddle-type vehicle (1) is provided with a longitudinal frame part (12c) extending in the vertical direction behind an engine (30), a rear wheel (7) arranged at a position behind the longitudinal frame part (12c), an exhaust muffler (37) at least a part of which is arranged between the longitudinal frame part (12c) and the rear wheel (7), a main parking frame (70) with left and right support legs (72) arranged outside the exhaust muffler (37), and a muffler cover (100) covering at least a part of the exhaust muffler (37), wherein the muffler cover (100) covers at least a part of the main parking frame (70) from the outside in the vehicle width direction.

Description

Saddle-ride type vehicle
This application is a divisional application entitled "straddle-type vehicle" having application number 201510441358.2, application date 2015, 7/24.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a straddle-type vehicle.
Background
Fig. 4 and the like of patent document 1 disclose a configuration including: an engine; a vehicle body frame in which a vertical frame portion extending in the vertical direction is disposed behind an engine; a rear wheel disposed rearward of the longitudinal frame portion; a main jiffy stand supported by a lower portion of the longitudinal frame portion; and a muffler (exhaust device) connected to an exhaust pipe extending from the engine and having a rear portion disposed between the longitudinal frame portion and the rear wheel, wherein the main stand is configured such that a pair of left and right support legs are disposed on the outer side of the muffler in the vehicle width direction, and is swingable between a storage position where the support legs extend in the front-rear direction and are separated from the ground and a standing position where the support legs extend in the up-down direction and support the vehicle body. A discharge pipe for discharging exhaust gas to the outside is connected to the muffler, and a protector (cover member) is provided around the discharge pipe.
[ Prior Art document ]
[ patent document ]
[ patent document 1 ] International publication No. 2009/084455
Disclosure of Invention
[ problem to be solved by the invention ]
By providing a protector (cover member) covering the exhaust pipe, the thermal influence of heat from the exhaust pipe on the occupants (driver and fellow passenger) can be suppressed, but in view of suppressing the thermal influence, it is desirable to suppress the thermal influence of heat from the muffler body on the surroundings.
However, the protector of the above-described conventional art covers only the periphery of the discharge pipe located above the main parking frame in order to avoid interference with the main parking frame. That is, since the protector is restricted by the main frame, it is difficult to install the protector over a wide range. In addition, the amount of exposure of the main jiffy stand in a side view is increased, and therefore, the appearance is also affected.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to improve appearance while suppressing thermal influence on the surroundings by an exhaust device disposed at least partially between a longitudinal frame portion and a rear wheel of a vehicle body frame, and to provide a straddle-type vehicle including a main stand disposed at a vehicle transverse direction outer side of the exhaust device with a pair of left and right support leg portions.
[ MEANS FOR solving PROBLEMS ] A method for solving the problems
As a solution to the above problem, a straddle-type vehicle (1) according to a first aspect of the present invention includes: an engine (30); a vehicle body frame (10) in which a vertical frame section (12c) extending in the vertical direction is disposed behind the engine (30); a rear wheel (7) disposed rearward of the longitudinal frame section (12 c); an exhaust device (37) connected to an exhaust pipe (36) extending from the engine (30) and disposed at least partially between the longitudinal frame portion (12c) and the rear wheel (7); a main stand (70) in which a pair of left and right support legs (72) are disposed on the outside of the exhaust device (37) in the vehicle width direction; and a protector (100) that covers at least a part of the exhaust device (37) from the outside in the vehicle width direction, wherein the main stand (70) supports the pair of left and right support legs (72) on the longitudinal frame portion (12c) so as to be rotatable between a storage position in which the pair of left and right support legs (72) extend in the front-rear direction and are separated from the ground surface and an upright position in which the pair of left and right support legs (72) extend in the up-down direction and support the vehicle body, and the saddle-ride type vehicle (1) is characterized in that the protector (100) includes a covering portion (102) that covers at least a part of the main stand (70) from the outside in the vehicle width direction when the main stand (70) is in the storage position.
A second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect, when the main stand (70) is in the standing position, the covering portion (102) extends forward beyond at least one of the pair of left and right support leg portions (72) and covers at least a part of the support leg portion (72) from the outside in the vehicle width direction.
A third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to the first or second aspect, the air discharging device (37) includes a first support bracket (105) and a second support bracket (106) that support the protector (100), the first support bracket (105) and the second support bracket (106) are separated from each other in the front-rear direction, and at least one of the pair of left and right support leg portions (72) passes between the first support bracket (105) and the second support bracket (106).
A fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to the third aspect, the second support bracket (106) is provided at a position rearward and upward of the first support bracket (105).
A fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, the pivot shaft (27a) of the main stand (70) is provided above the covering section (102).
A sixth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, the main stand (70) includes a connecting portion (73) that connects the pair of left and right support leg portions (72), the exhaust device (37) includes a stand stopper portion (76), the stand stopper portion (76) defines a storage position of the main stand (70) by bringing the connecting portion (73) into contact with a rear end portion (37c) of the exhaust device (37) that faces the rear wheel (7), and the stand stopper portion (76) includes an abutment surface (78a) that the connecting portion (73) abuts against at a position above a lower end (t1) of the exhaust device (37).
A seventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to sixth aspects, the main stand (70) includes a connecting portion (73) that connects the pair of left and right support leg portions (72), and when the main stand (70) is at the storage position, the connecting portion (73) is located above a lower end (t1) of the exhaust device (37) and is disposed forward of a front end (t2) of the rear wheel (7).
An eighth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, when the main stand (70) is in the storage position, a rear end (t3) of the protector (100) extends to a position rearward of a rear end (t4) of the pair of left and right support leg portions (72).
A ninth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to eighth aspects, when the main stand (70) is in the storage position, a lower end (t5) of the protector (100) is positioned above a lower end (t1) of the exhaust device (37).
A tenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to ninth aspects, the exhaust device (37) includes an exhaust pipe (37a) for discharging exhaust gas to the outside, and the protector (100) includes an enclosing portion (101) for enclosing the periphery of the exhaust pipe (37 a).
[ Effect of the invention ]
According to the first aspect, since the protector is provided with the covering portion that covers at least a part of the exhaust device from the outside in the vehicle width direction, and the covering portion that covers at least a part of the main jiffy stand located at the storage position from the outside in the vehicle width direction is provided on the protector, the protector including the covering portion can be provided over a wide range without interfering with the main jiffy stand. Therefore, the vehicle width direction outer side of the exhaust device can be effectively covered, and the thermal influence on the passenger (the driver and the fellow passenger) can be suppressed. Further, the protector includes a covering portion that covers at least a part of the main parking frame from the outside in the vehicle width direction when the main parking frame is in the storage position, and therefore, the amount of exposure of the main parking frame can be reduced to improve the appearance when the vehicle is traveling or the like.
In the first aspect, the main stand may be directly supported by the longitudinal frame portion, or may be indirectly supported by the longitudinal frame portion via another member.
According to the second aspect, the protector including the covering portion can be provided over a wide range, and the thermal influence on the occupant can be further suppressed. Further, when the main stand is in the standing state, the covering portion extends forward beyond the support leg portion and covers at least a part of the support leg portion from the outside in the vehicle width direction, so that even when parking using the main stand, the amount of exposure of the main stand can be reduced to improve the appearance.
According to the third aspect, the support leg portion passes between the first support bracket and the second support bracket that are separated from each other in the front-rear direction, whereby interference between the first support bracket and the second support bracket and the main stand is suppressed, and the main stand can be effectively hidden by the cover portion. Further, the first support bracket and the second support bracket are provided apart from each other in the front-rear direction, whereby the protector can be stably supported by the exhaust device.
According to the fourth aspect, since the second support bracket is provided at a position rearward and above the first support bracket, when the main stand is tilted rearward to be the storage position, the support leg portion can be tilted to a higher position, and the roll angle of the vehicle can be sufficiently secured.
According to the fifth aspect, when the main stand is at the storage position, the area in which the main stand is hidden inside the protector can be increased, and the appearance can be further improved. Further, the operation of the swing shaft of the main stand can be easily performed.
According to the sixth aspect, since the parking frame stopper portion that defines the storage position of the main parking frame is located above the lower end of the exhaust device, when the main parking frame is set to the storage position, the support leg portion can be sprung up to a higher position, and the roll angle of the vehicle can be sufficiently secured. Further, since the parking frame stopper portion is provided at the rear end portion of the exhaust device opposite to the rear wheel, the stopper portion can be made inconspicuous, and the appearance can be improved.
According to the seventh aspect, the gap between the rear wheel and the connecting portion of the main stand at the storage position can be secured, and the support leg portion of the main stand at the storage position can be raised to a higher position, so that the roll angle of the vehicle can be sufficiently secured.
According to the eighth aspect, the protector can be provided in a wider range to reduce the thermal influence on the occupant, and the area covering the main jiffy stand can be sufficiently secured to improve the appearance.
According to the ninth aspect described above, the roll angle of the vehicle can be sufficiently ensured even when the protector is disposed over a wide range.
According to the tenth aspect, since the protector includes the surrounding portion that surrounds the exhaust pipe of the exhaust gas, the thermal influence from the exhaust device and the exhaust pipe can be reduced for the occupant. Further, since the protector includes the covering portion and the surrounding portion, the protector can be formed over a wide range, and the appearance can be improved in addition to protection from the thermal influence.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a left side view of a motorcycle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the motorcycle.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of the frame of the motorcycle.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the vehicle frame.
Fig. 5 is a right side view of the periphery of the exhaust muffler of the motorcycle.
Fig. 6 is a right side view of the exhaust muffler described above.
Fig. 7 is a bottom view of the periphery of the exhaust muffler.
Fig. 8 is a rear view of the periphery of the exhaust muffler.
Fig. 9 is a bottom view corresponding to fig. 7 showing a first modification of the above embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a side view corresponding to fig. 5 showing a second modification of the above embodiment.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The directions such as front, rear, left, and right in the following description are the same as those in the following description of the vehicle unless otherwise noted. In the drawings used in the following description, arrow FR indicating the front of the vehicle, arrow LH indicating the left of the vehicle, arrow UP indicating the upper side of the vehicle, and line CL indicating the left-right center of the vehicle body are shown at appropriate positions.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment is applied to a motorcycle 1 as a saddle-ride type vehicle. The front wheel 2 of the motorcycle 1 is supported by lower end portions of a pair of right and left front forks 3. The left and right front forks 3 are supported by a head pipe 11 at the front end of the frame 10 via a steering stem 4 and a head bridge 5. A lever type steering handle 6 is attached to the upper portions of the left and right front forks 3 and the top bridge 5.
The rear wheel 7 of the motorcycle 1 is supported by the rear end of the swing arm 8. The front end of the swing arm 8 is supported by the pivot portion 13a of the frame 10. The rear wheel 7 is linked to an engine 30, which is a prime mover of the motorcycle 1, via a chain transmission mechanism, for example. The lower end of the rear cushion 9 is connected to the front of the swing arm 8.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4 together, the body frame 10 includes a head pipe 11, a single main frame 12 extending rearward and downward along the center of the vehicle body behind the head pipe 11, and a pivot frame 13 coupled to a rear lower end portion of the main frame 12. The main frame 12 integrally forms a lateral frame portion 12a, a curved portion 12b, and a longitudinal frame portion 12c in this order from the head pipe 11 side. A cushion bracket 14 that connects the upper end portions of the rear cushions 9 is fixed to the rear of the curved portion 12 b. The pivot frame 13 includes a pivot portion 13a that supports the tip end portion of the swing arm 8. The front end of the swing arm 8 is supported by a pivot portion 13a via a pivot shaft 13b (swing shaft) along the left-right direction. A muffler support bracket 13c for supporting the exhaust muffler 37 is fixed to the rear portion of the pivot frame 13.
The carriage 10 includes a down frame 15 extending rearward and downward from a lower portion of the head pipe 11 below the main frame 12, a front gusset plate 16 extending between the main frame 12 and a front portion of the down frame 15, and a front lower gusset plate 17 fixed to a front lower side of an upper portion of the down frame 15. A front engine hook 18 is coupled to a lower end portion of the down frame 15. A front end portion of a crankcase 31 of the engine 30 is supported by the front engine hook 18.
The body frame 10 includes a seat frame 20, and a front end portion of the seat frame 20 is coupled to the main frame 12 and the pivot frame 13. The seat frame 20 includes a pair of left and right front seat rails 21 extending rearward from the rear portion of the lateral frame portion 12a of the main frame 12, and a pair of left and right support frames 22 extending rearward and upward from the rear portion of the pivot portion 13a of the pivot frame 13. The left and right support frames 22 support rear end portions of the left and right front seat rails 21. The left and right support frames 22 extend rearward and upward beyond the rear end positions of the left and right front seat rails 21. The upper rear portions of the left and right support frames 22 constitute a pair of left and right rear seat rails 22a connected to the rear of the left and right front seat rails 21. A rear upper node plate 23 is fixed to an upper portion of the rear seat rail 22 a.
The front-rear intermediate portions of the left and right front seat rails 21 are connected to each other via a center cross plate 24. The term "intermediate" used in the present embodiment refers to not only the center between the both ends of the object but also an inner range between the both ends of the object. The rear portions of the left and right rear seat rails 22a (rear upper joint plates 23) are connected to each other via a rear cross plate 25.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an engine 30 is mounted on an inner side of frame 10. The engine 30 is, for example, an air-cooled single cylinder engine. The engine 30 has a cylinder 32 standing above the front of a crankcase 31. The front end of the crankcase 31 is supported by the front engine hook 18. The rear end of the crankcase 31 is supported by the pivot frame 13. The cylinder 32 includes a cylinder block 33, a cylinder head 34, and a cylinder head cover 35 in this order from the crankcase 31 side.
The engine 30 may be a parallel or V-type multi-cylinder engine, or may be a water-cooled engine.
An intake passage (not shown) including a throttle valve portion and the like is connected to a rear portion of the cylinder head 34. A base end portion of an exhaust pipe 36 is connected to a front portion of the cylinder head 34. The exhaust pipe 36 is bent downward at the front portion of the cylinder head 34, and is bent rearward at the front lower portion of the crankcase 31.
An exhaust muffler 37 is disposed below the crankcase 31. The rear end of the exhaust pipe 36 is connected to the front end of the exhaust muffler 37. A tail pipe 37a extending rightward and rearward and opening to the right at the front end of the rear wheel 7 is provided on the right side of the rear end of the exhaust muffler 37.
A fuel tank 40 for storing fuel of the engine 30 is disposed above the main frame 12. A seat 41 on which a driver and a rear passenger sit is disposed behind the fuel tank 40.
The fuel tank 40 is provided from above a middle position avoiding the front portion of the main frame 12 to a front end position of the seat 41. A main switch 42 (key cylinder) supported by the front portion of the main frame 12 is arranged in front of the fuel tank 40 and above the front portion of the main frame 12.
The right and left outer sides of the fuel tank 40 and the main switch 42 are covered with a pair of right and left tank covers 43. The left and right tank covers 43 integrally form a cover body 43a that covers the left and right outer sides of the fuel tank 40 and the main switch 42, and a shroud portion 43b that extends forward and downward from the front of the cover body 43 a.
A pair of left and right upper covers 44 are disposed below the left and right cover main bodies 43 a. The upper cover 44 forms a rear extension 44a, and the rear extension 44a extends to the lower of the left and right outer sides of the front portion of the seat 41.
A pair of left and right center side covers 45 covering the periphery of the vertical frame portion 12c of the main frame 12 are provided below the left and right upper side covers 44.
A center cover 46 for covering the upper sides of the fuel tank 40 and the main switch 42 is provided between the upper portions of the left and right cover main bodies 43 a. The center case cover 46 is provided with a fuel filler operation portion 46a that can operate the fuel filler 40a of the fuel tank 40, and a switch operation portion 46b that can operate the key hole of the main switch 42.
A pair of left and right rear covers 47 are provided behind the rear extension portions 44a of the left and right upper covers 44. The right and left rear side covers 47 extend rearward in a vertically lower position and extend to the lower left and right outer sides of the rear portion of the seat 41. A pair of left and right rear lower covers 48 covering the attachment portions of the rear seat pedal bracket 68 are provided below the front portions of the left and right rear side covers 47.
A pair of left and right fender side brackets 49 and a pair of left and right tail side covers 50 are provided behind the left and right rear side covers 47. A tail lamp 51 positioned directly below the rear end of the seat 41 is disposed between the rear portions of the left and right tail side covers 50. The left and right fender side brackets 49 extend rearward and downward so as to be spaced apart from the tail lamp 51. The rear end portions of the left and right fender side brackets 49 are connected via rear end connecting portions 52. A pair of right and left rear direction indicator lamps 53 are supported on the right and left outer surfaces of the rear end connecting portion 52. A license lamp 54 and a reflector 55 are supported on the rear surface of the rear end connecting portion 52. A rear fender 56 extending rearward and downward is provided below the rear end coupling portion 52. A license plate 57 is supported on the rear surface of the rear fender 56.
A headlight 60, a pair of right and left front direction indicators 61, and a meter device 62 are supported by the steering column 4 and the top bridge 5. A front center cowl 63 is disposed between the headlight 60 and the meter device 62 located thereabove. A pair of left and right front covers 64 are disposed on the left and right outer sides of the headlamp 60. A front fender 65 is disposed below the headlight 60, apart from the headlight 60.
A pair of left and right pedal plates 66 are attached to the left and right outer sides of the pivot frame 13. A tiltable main pedal 67 on which the driver places his foot is supported by the left and right pedal plates 66. A pair of left and right rear seat pedal brackets 68 are attached to the left and right outer sides of the left and right support frames 22. The left and right backseat pedal brackets 68 support folding backseat pedals 69 on which the rear fellow passenger can place his feet.
A lower cross pipe 26 is fixed to a lower end portion of the pivot frame 13 in the left-right direction. A pair of left and right jiffy stand brackets 27 are fixed to the left and right outer sides of the lower cross pipe 26. A main stand 70 for supporting the vehicle body in an upright state is supported by the left and right stand brackets 27. The main stand 70 is supported to be storable via a swing shaft along the left-right direction. A side jiffy stand bracket 28 is fixed to the left outer side of the lower cross tube 26. A side stand 71 for supporting the vehicle body to be inclined to the left is supported by the side stand bracket 28. The side frames 71 are supported to be storable via a swing shaft that is inclined to the left and right in the horizontal direction.
Next, the main part of the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 5 to 8.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the exhaust muffler 37 extends substantially horizontally from below to behind the crankcase 31. The front end 37b of the exhaust muffler 37 is disposed forward of a crankshaft axis C1 (crankshaft rotation center) in the left-right direction in the engine 30. The rear end 37c of the exhaust muffler 37 is disposed rearward of the pivot frame 13 and forward of the rear wheel 7.
The lower surface of the exhaust muffler 37 is formed substantially horizontally. The upper surface of the exhaust muffler 37 is formed to be stepped so that the rear portion is higher than the front portion. The upper surface of the exhaust muffler 37 is formed relatively low below the crankcase 31 and the pivot frame 13, and is formed relatively high behind the pivot frame 13.
Hereinafter, a portion of the exhaust muffler 37 having a low upper surface is referred to as a muffler front half 38, and a portion having a high upper surface is referred to as a muffler rear half 39. The muffler front half 38 and the muffler rear half 39 are formed of different members from each other. The muffler front half 38 and the muffler rear half 39 are airtightly joined to each other along a substantially vertical joint surface S located near the rear end of the pivot frame 13.
The muffler front half 38 is formed long in the front-rear direction as compared with the muffler rear half 39. The muffler rear half 39 is formed in such a manner that the upper portion enters a space K1 between the pivot frame 13 and the rear wheel 7. A mounting bracket 81 fastened to the muffler support bracket 13c of the body frame 10 is fixed to the upper front side of the muffler rear half 39.
A projection 82 projecting upward is formed on the upper surface of the front-rear intermediate portion of the muffler front half 38. The protrusion 82 is formed, for example, so as to enter a concave space K2 formed between the crankcase 31 and the pivot frame 13, and helps to ensure the capacity of the exhaust muffler 37.
Referring also to fig. 7, the front end portion 37b of the exhaust muffler 37 is positioned on the right side of the vehicle body center CL and opens forward. The rear end of the exhaust pipe 36 is connected to the front end 37b of the exhaust muffler 37 from the front. The front end 37b of the exhaust muffler 37 has a circular cross-sectional shape when viewed from the front. The muffler front half 38 of the exhaust muffler 37 is formed in a flat cross-sectional shape having a lateral width larger than a vertical width at the rear of the front end 37 b. A front inner pipe 83 extending rearward from the front end 37b in the front-rear direction passes through the muffler front half 38. The muffler front half 38 is formed so as to bulge more to the left than to the right with respect to the front inner pipe 83.
A support wall 84 that supports the rear portion of the front inner pipe 83 is fixed to the right side in the rear portion of the muffler front half 38. A pair of front and rear exhaust catalysts (catalyst) 83a, for example, are housed in the front inner tube 83 along the longitudinal direction (front-rear direction) of the front inner tube 83.
The muffler front half 38 has the maximum lateral width at the front and rear intermediate portions and the minimum lateral width at the rear portion. The right side surface of the muffler front half 38 extends in the front-rear direction behind the front end 37b, and then the rear portion of the right side surface is changed to the left (the side where the left-right width is narrowed, the inside of the muffler). The left side surface of the muffler front half portion 38 changes in the rear direction left (the side where the lateral width is widened, the muffler outer side) of the front end portion 37b, then extends in the front-rear direction at the front-rear intermediate portion of the left side surface, and then changes in the rear direction right (the side where the lateral width is narrowed, the muffler inner side) of the left side surface. The left and right side surfaces of the muffler front half 38 are changed in the rear direction toward the muffler inner side by the inner changing portions 85.
The muffler rear half 39 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape in cross section when viewed from the front. The muffler rear half 39 has a left-right width gradually increased rearward of the muffler front half 38. The muffler rear half 39 maximizes the left-right width at the rear. The left-right width of the rear portion of the muffler rear half 39 is equal to the left-right width of the front-rear intermediate portion of the muffler front half 38. A recess 86 recessed inward of the muffler is formed between the maximum width portion of the muffler front half 38 and the maximum width portion of the muffler rear half 39. The recess 86 overlaps with the swing range of the base end side of the main stand 70, and thus a gap between the main stand 70 and the exhaust muffler 37 is easily secured.
A curved rear end surface 87 concavely curved so as to follow the tire tread of the rear wheel 7 is formed at the rear end portion 37c of the exhaust muffler 37. The curved rear end surface 87 is inclined so as to be located more forward as it goes upward. A substantially vertical rear lower flat surface 88 that changes stepwise forward is formed below the curved rear end surface 87.
A partition wall 89 disposed substantially perpendicularly to the front and rear intermediate portions is fixed to the muffler rear half 39. The partition wall 89 divides the internal space of the exhaust muffler 37 into a front expansion chamber 91 and a rear expansion chamber 92. A cylindrical communication pipe 93 is fixed to the partition 89 to communicate the front and rear expansion chambers 91 and 92 with the partition 89 passing therethrough.
A tail pipe 37a penetrating the right side surface is fixed to the right side surface of the muffler rear half 39. The tail pipe 37a has a base end opening 94 at the inner end in the rear expansion chamber 92. The tail pipe 37a extends obliquely rightward and outward from the base end opening 94 so as to be located upward and rearward from the rightward and outward. The left-right inner portion 95 of the tail pipe 37a is disposed inside the muffler rear half 39. The lateral outer portion 96 of the tail pipe 37a is disposed outside the muffler rear half 39. The outer portion 96 of the tail pipe 37a extends rightward and outward from the muffler rear half 39, is bent rearward, and has an exhaust port 97 opening rearward and rightward and outward.
The exhaust gas reaching the exhaust muffler 37 from the exhaust pipe 36 is introduced into the front inner pipe 83, passes through the exhaust catalyst 83a, and is purified. Thereafter, the exhaust gas is introduced into the front expansion chamber 91 from the rear end opening of the front inner pipe 83 in the muffler rear half 39, and expands in the front expansion chamber 91 to attenuate the exhaust energy. Thereafter, the exhaust gas is introduced into the rear expansion chamber 92 through the communication pipe 93, and further expands in the rear expansion chamber 92 to attenuate the exhaust energy. Thereafter, the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside of the muffler through the tail pipe 37 a.
Referring to fig. 5, 7, and 8, the main stand 70 includes a pair of left and right support leg portions 72 coupled to the left and right stand brackets 27 via the swing shaft 27a, and a coupling portion 73 coupling intermediate portions of the left and right support leg portions 72 in the longitudinal direction. The coupling portion 73 has an elliptical cross section and extends in the left-right direction.
The main stand 70 swings about the swing shaft 27 a. The main stand 70 swings between a use position where the left and right support leg portions 72 extend downward from the left and right stand brackets 27 and a storage position where the left and right support leg portions 72 extend rearward from the left and right stand brackets 27. The main stand 70 is configured to support the vehicle body in an upright state by floating the rear wheel 7 from the ground when in the use position, and to allow the motorcycle 1 to travel by grounding the rear wheel 7 when in the storage position. In each figure, the main stand 70 in the use position is indicated by a reference numeral 70, and the main stand 70 in the storage position is indicated by a reference numeral 70'.
The base end sides of the left and right support legs 72 extend obliquely so as to be located more inward in the left and right direction toward the base end sides. The front end sides of the left and right support legs 72 extend along the left and right side surfaces of the vehicle body. The swing shaft 27a passes through the base end portions 72a of the left and right support legs 72. A ground plate 72c is fixed to the front end portions 72b of the left and right support legs 72. A jiffy stand operating arm 74 is fixed to the outer side of the front end of the left support leg portion 72. The parking stand return spring 75 is locked to the base end inner side of the left support leg portion 72.
The exhaust muffler 37 includes a parking frame stopper 76 on a curved rear end surface 87, which is a rear end portion 37c of the exhaust muffler 37 facing the rear wheel 7. The parking frame stopper 76 defines the storage position of the main parking frame 70 by abutting the connection portion 73 from below. The parking frame stopper 76 includes a stopper bracket 77 welded and fixed to the curved rear end surface 87, and stopper rubber 78 attached to the stopper bracket 77. The stopper bracket 77 forms a substantially horizontal parking frame stopper surface 77 a. A stopper rubber 78 is attached to the parking frame stopper surface 77a from below. The parking frame stopper surface 77a and the stopper rubber 78 are disposed on the left side of the curved rear end surface 87 and intersect the vehicle body right-left center CL.
Referring to fig. 5, the lower surface 78a of the stopper rubber 78 (the contact surface of the coupling portion 73) is disposed above the lower end t1 of the exhaust muffler 37. Therefore, when the main stand 70 is at the storage position, the connection portion 73 is disposed above the lower end t1 of the exhaust muffler 37. This makes it possible to raise the support leg 72 of the main stand 70 at the storage position to a higher position, which contributes to securing the roll angle of the motorcycle 1.
When the main stand 70 is at the storage position, the connecting portion 73 has a long axis of an elliptical shape in a cross-sectional shape of the connecting portion 73 along the vertical direction and a short axis of the elliptical shape in the cross-sectional shape along the front-rear direction. This ensures the cross-sectional area of the coupling portion 73, and also facilitates the front-rear direction clearance between the coupling portion 73 of the main stand 70 in the storage position, the rear wheel 7, and the exhaust muffler 37.
Referring to fig. 7, the connection portion 73 extends linearly in the left-right direction in a bottom view when the main stand 70 is at the storage position. At this time, the coupling portion 73 is closest to the rear wheel 7, but is spaced forward in the front-rear direction by a distance L from the front end t2 of the rear wheel 7. That is, the coupling portion 73 can secure a clearance with the rear wheel 7 without requiring a particularly complicated shape or the like. Since the connecting portion 73 abuts against the retainer stopper 76 of the exhaust muffler 37, the gap between the connecting portion and the exhaust muffler 37 is minimized.
In the present embodiment, the main frame 70 is supported below the longitudinal frame portion 12c of the vehicle body frame 10 via the pivot frame 13, the lower cross pipe 26, and the left and right frame brackets 27. In this way, the main stand 70 may be directly supported by the vertical frame portion 12c by extending the vertical frame portion 12c downward, for example, in addition to the case where the main stand 70 is indirectly supported by the vertical frame portion 12 c. That is, it is understood that the longitudinal frame portion of the present embodiment includes not only the longitudinal frame portion 12c but also other members integrally connected to the lower side of the longitudinal frame portion 12 c.
Referring to fig. 5, 7, and 8, a muffler cover 100 is provided as a protector on the rear right side of the exhaust muffler 37, and the muffler cover 100 covers a range from the periphery of the tail pipe 37a to the front-rear middle position of the muffler front half 38 from the right outer side. The muffler cover 100 includes a triangular tubular end cap 101 that covers the periphery of the outer portion 96 of the tail pipe 37a, and a cover main body 102 that extends forward and rearward and is tapered so as to be continuous with the lower front and left inner sides of the end cap 101. The head cover 101 corresponds to a heat shield surrounding the tail pipe 37a and the exhaust port 97. The cover body 102 corresponds to a covering portion that covers at least a part of the main stand 70 from the outside in the vehicle width direction regardless of the standing position and the storage position of the main stand 70.
The end cap 101 is made of sheet metal, for example. The cover main body 102 is made of, for example, synthetic resin. The end cap 101 is fixed to the rear end portion of the cover main body 102 by fastening with a screw and locking with a locking claw (both not shown). The cover main body 102 and the muffler cover 100 are fixed to the exhaust muffler 37 by fastening with front and rear screws 103a and 104a and locking with locking claws 108 a.
A front cover side fastening portion 103 is formed at the front portion of the cover main body 102, and the front cover side fastening portion 103 forms an insertion hole and a seating surface corresponding to the front screw 103 a. A rear cover side fastening portion 104 is formed at the rear portion of the cover main body 102, and the rear cover side fastening portion 104 forms an insertion hole and a seating surface corresponding to the rear screw 104 a. The front and rear screws 103a and 104a are inserted obliquely from above and right outside into the front and rear cover-side fastening connection portions 103 and 104, respectively.
A front cover support bracket 105 is welded and fixed to the muffler front half 38. The front cowl support bracket 105 has a front flat portion 105a extending rightward and outward from the inner changing portion 85 on the right side surface of the muffler front half 38, and a front muffler side fastening portion 105b bent and connected to the right outer side of the front flat portion 105 a. The front cowl support bracket 105 separates the front muffler side fastening portion 105b to the right outside of the muffler front half 38 via the front flat portion 105 a. The front muffler side fastening portion 105b is disposed to face the front cover side fastening portion 103. The front muffler side fastening portion 105b is provided with a nut and a lower hole corresponding to the front screw 103 a. The front screw 103a is screwed and tightened into the front muffler side fastening portion 105b after penetrating the front cover side fastening portion 103. Thereby, the front portion of the muffler cover 100 is fixed to the exhaust muffler 37.
A rear cover support bracket 106 is welded and fixed to the muffler rear half 39. Rear cover support bracket 106 has a rear flat portion 106a extending rightward and outward from the right side of the maximum width portion of muffler rear half 39, and a rear muffler side fastening portion 106b bent and connected to the right outer side of rear flat portion 106 a. Rear housing support bracket 106 separates rear muffler side fastening portion 106b to the right outside of muffler rear half 39 via rear flat portion 106 a. The rear muffler side fastening portion 106b is disposed opposite the rear cover side fastening portion 104. The rear muffler side fastening portion 106b is provided with a nut and a lower hole corresponding to the rear screw 104 a. The rear screw 104a penetrates the rear cover side fastening connection portion 104, and then is screwed and tightened to the rear muffler side fastening connection portion 106 b. Thereby, the rear portion of the muffler cover 100 is fixed to the exhaust muffler 37.
A cover side pawl locking portion 107 extending to the left inner side is formed on the rear upper side of the cover main body 102. The cover-side claw locking portion 107 has a claw locking hole 107a penetrating in the front-rear direction.
A rear end cover support bracket 108 is fixed to the right side of the rear end upper portion of the muffler rear half 39 of the exhaust muffler 37. The rear end cover support bracket 108 is formed with a locking claw 108a extending in the front-rear direction.
The locking claw 108a of the rear end cover support bracket 108 is inserted into the claw locking hole 107a of the cover side claw locking portion 107. Thus, the rear upper side of the muffler cover 100 is held by the exhaust muffler 37 while suppressing the movement in the left-right direction.
In the motorcycle 1 of the present embodiment, the exhaust muffler 37 is disposed between the left and right support leg portions 72 of the main stand 70. In other words, the left and right support leg portions 72 of the main stand 70 are disposed on the left and right outer sides of the exhaust muffler 37. In this case, the left and right support leg portions 72 of the main stand 70 are easily exposed to the vehicle outside (the left and right outer sides) not only at the standing position of the main stand 70 but also at the storage position.
In contrast, the motorcycle 1 of the present embodiment includes the muffler cover 100 that covers the exhaust muffler 37 from the outside (the right side in the present embodiment) with a gap in the vehicle width direction. A space K3 is formed between the exhaust muffler 37 and the muffler cover 100, through which at least one of the left and right support legs 72 of the main stand 70 (the right support leg 72 in the present embodiment) enters and exits.
As described above, according to the motorcycle 1 of the present embodiment, the muffler cover 100 covering at least a part of the exhaust muffler 37 from the outside in the vehicle width direction is provided, and the cover 100 is provided with the covering portion (cover body 102) covering at least a part of the main stand 70 located at the storage position from the outside in the vehicle width direction, whereby the muffler cover 100 including the cover body 102 can be provided over a wide range without interfering with the main stand 70. Therefore, the vehicle width direction outer side of the exhaust muffler 37 can be effectively covered, and the thermal influence on the passenger (the driver and the fellow passenger) can be suppressed. Further, since the muffler cover 100 includes the cover main body 102 that covers at least a part of the main stand 70 from the outside in the vehicle width direction when the main stand 70 is at the storage position, the exposed amount of the main stand 70 can be reduced to improve the appearance when the vehicle is traveling or the like.
Further, when the main stand 70 is in the standing position, the cover main body 102 of the muffler cover 100 extends forward beyond the right support leg 72 and covers the upper portion of the right support leg 72 from the outside in the vehicle width direction, so that the muffler cover 100 including the cover main body 102 can be disposed over a wide range, and the thermal influence on the occupant can be further suppressed. In addition, even when parking using the main stand 70, the amount of exposure of the main stand 70 can be reduced to improve the appearance. Further, since the swing shaft 27a of the main stand 70 is provided above the cover main body 102, when the main stand 70 is at the storage position, the area in which the main stand 70 is hidden inside the muffler cover 100 is increased, and when the main stand 70 is at the standing position, the swing shaft 27a side of the main stand 70 is also hidden inside the cover main body 102, so that the appearance can be further improved. In addition, the operation of the swing shaft 27a of the main stand 70 can be easily performed, and the maintainability can be improved.
Further, since the exhaust muffler 37 includes the front cover support bracket 105 and the rear cover support bracket 106 that support the muffler cover 100, the front cover support bracket 105 and the rear cover support bracket 106 are separated from each other in the front-rear direction, and the right support leg portion 72 passes between the front cover support bracket 105 and the rear cover support bracket 106, interference between the front cover support bracket 105 and the rear cover support bracket 106 and the main stand 70 is suppressed, and the main stand 70 can be effectively hidden by the cover main body 102. Further, the muffler cover 100 can be stably supported by the exhaust muffler 37 by providing the front cover support bracket 105 and the rear cover support bracket 106 so as to be separated from each other in the front-rear direction. Further, since the rear cowl support bracket 106 is provided at a position rearward and upward of the front cowl support bracket 105, when the main stand 70 is sprung rearward to be the storage position, the support leg portions 72 can be sprung up to a higher position, and the roll angle of the motorcycle 1 can be sufficiently secured.
Further, when the main stand 70 is at the storage position, the rear end t3 of the muffler cover 100 extends to a position rearward of the rear ends t4 of the left and right support legs 72, so that the muffler cover 100 can be provided in a wider range to reduce the thermal influence on the occupant, and a sufficient area covering the main stand 70 can be secured to improve the appearance. Further, when the main stand 70 is at the storage position, the lower end t5 of the muffler cover 100 is positioned above the lower end t1 of the exhaust muffler 37, and therefore, even when the muffler cover 100 is installed over a wide range, a sufficient roll angle of the vehicle can be ensured.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be provided integrally with a rear cover support bracket 106 fixed to a side portion of the exhaust muffler 37, as in a parking frame stopper 176 shown in fig. 9, for example, instead of the parking frame stopper 76 shown in fig. 7 and the like. That is, the stopper rubber 178 may be attached to, for example, the rear flat portion 106a of the rear cover support bracket 106 to constitute the parking frame stopper 176. The parking frame stopper 176 in fig. 9 and the parking frame stopper 76 in fig. 7 and the like may be used alone or in combination. In the parking frame stopper 176 of fig. 9, the number of parts is reduced without requiring a dedicated stopper bracket 77. In the case of the parking stand stopper 76 of fig. 7 and the like, the degree of freedom in the arrangement of the parking stand stopper surface 77a and the stopper rubber 78 is improved.
For example, instead of the coupling portion 73 shown in fig. 5 or the like, a plate-like structure may be formed as the coupling portion 173 shown in fig. 10. That is, the coupling portion that couples the pair of left and right support legs 72 is not limited to a tubular or rod-shaped configuration, and may be a plate-shaped configuration. In the case of the plate-shaped connecting portion 173, a parking frame stopper portion 176 shown in fig. 9 may be used. In the case of the plate-shaped connecting portion 173, it is preferable that the connecting portion 173 covers at least a part of the lower end t1 of the exhaust muffler 37 when the main stand 70 is at the storage position. Thus, the lower end t1 of the exhaust muffler 37 is protected by the plate-shaped connecting portion 173. Further, the plate-shaped connecting portion 173 can suppress downward projection. Further, the connection portion 173 is also arranged to bypass below the exhaust muffler 37, thereby easily ensuring a space from the rear wheel 7.
The muffler cover 100 may cover the entire exhaust muffler 37 from the outside in the vehicle width direction. The muffler cover 100 may cover the entire main jiffy stand 70 at the storage position from the outside in the vehicle width direction. There is also a structure in which the muffler cover 100 does not cover the main stand 70 in the standing position.
The muffler cover 100 may be provided on both sides of the exhaust muffler 37 in the vehicle width direction. In this case, the tail pipes 37a may be provided on the left and right sides of the exhaust muffler 37.
The exhaust device disposed below the engine may be an exhaust catalyst device, an exhaust chamber device, an exhaust gas control device, or the like, which is separated from the muffler, in addition to the exhaust muffler 37 (muffler).
The saddle-ride type vehicle includes all vehicles in which a driver rides over a vehicle body, including not only motorcycles (including bicycles with a prime mover and scooter type vehicles) but also three-wheeled vehicles (including vehicles with two front wheels and one rear wheel in addition to vehicles with one front wheel and two rear wheels) or four-wheeled vehicles.
The configuration in the above embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the components of the embodiment may be replaced with known components, and various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (16)

1. A saddle-ride type vehicle is provided with:
an engine;
a vehicle body frame in which a vertical frame portion extending in a vertical direction is disposed behind the engine;
a rear wheel disposed rearward of the longitudinal frame portion;
an exhaust device connected to an exhaust pipe extending from the engine and having at least a portion thereof disposed between the longitudinal frame portion and the rear wheel;
a main stand in which a pair of left and right support legs are disposed on the outer side in the vehicle width direction of the exhaust device; and
a protector covering at least a part of the exhaust device from the outside in the vehicle width direction,
the main frame rotatably supports the pair of left and right support legs on the vertical frame portion between a storage position where the pair of left and right support legs extend in the front-rear direction and are separated from the ground and an erected position where the pair of left and right support legs extend in the up-down direction and support the vehicle body,
the saddle-ride type vehicle is characterized in that,
the protector has a covering portion that covers at least a part of the main jiffy stand from the outside in the vehicle width direction,
the covering portion is provided at a position lower than a swing shaft of the main jiffy stand,
when the main stand is in the storage position, the rear end of the protector extends to a position rearward of the rear ends of the pair of left and right support legs.
2. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 1,
when the main stand is in the standing position, the covering portion extends forward beyond at least one of the pair of left and right support leg portions, and covers at least a part of the support leg portion from the outside in the vehicle width direction.
3. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
the exhaust device includes a first support bracket and a second support bracket for supporting the protection member,
the first and second support brackets are separated from each other in the front-rear direction,
at least one of the pair of left and right support legs passes between the first support bracket and the second support bracket.
4. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 3,
the second support bracket is provided at a position rearward and above the first support bracket.
5. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 3,
the main stand in the storage position is disposed at a position surrounded by the exhaust device, the protector, the first support bracket, and the second support bracket when viewed from above.
6. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
the main stand includes a coupling portion for coupling the pair of left and right support leg portions,
the exhaust device includes a parking frame stopper that regulates a storage position of the main parking frame by bringing the connection portion into contact with a rear end portion of the exhaust device opposite to the rear wheel,
the parking frame stopper has an abutment surface on which the connection portion abuts, at a position above a lower end of the exhaust device.
7. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
the main stand includes a coupling portion for coupling the pair of left and right support leg portions,
when the main stand is in the storage position, the connection portion is located above a lower end of the exhaust device and is disposed forward of a front end of the rear wheel.
8. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
the exhaust device is disposed below the longitudinal frame portion, and the swing shaft of the main stand is disposed below the longitudinal frame portion.
9. A saddle-ride type vehicle is provided with:
an engine;
a vehicle body frame in which a vertical frame portion extending in a vertical direction is disposed behind the engine;
a rear wheel disposed rearward of the longitudinal frame portion;
an exhaust device connected to an exhaust pipe extending from the engine and having at least a portion thereof disposed between the longitudinal frame portion and the rear wheel;
a main stand in which a pair of left and right support legs are disposed on the outer side in the vehicle width direction of the exhaust device; and
a protector covering at least a part of the exhaust device from the outside in the vehicle width direction,
the main frame rotatably supports the pair of left and right support legs on the vertical frame portion between a storage position where the pair of left and right support legs extend in the front-rear direction and are separated from the ground and an erected position where the pair of left and right support legs extend in the up-down direction and support the vehicle body,
the saddle-ride type vehicle is characterized in that,
the exhaust device is provided with an exhaust pipe for discharging exhaust gas to the outside,
the protector is provided with: a covering portion that covers at least a part of the main parking frame from the outside in the vehicle width direction and extends to a position forward of the swing shaft of the main parking frame; and a surrounding portion surrounding the periphery of the discharge pipe,
the covering portion is provided at a position lower than a swing shaft of the main jiffy stand,
the lower end of the covering portion is disposed above the lower end of the exhaust device.
10. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 9,
when the main stand is in the standing position, the covering portion extends forward beyond at least one of the pair of left and right support leg portions, and covers at least a part of the support leg portion from the outside in the vehicle width direction.
11. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 9 or 10,
the exhaust device includes a first support bracket and a second support bracket for supporting the protection member,
the first and second support brackets are separated from each other in the front-rear direction,
at least one of the pair of left and right support legs passes between the first support bracket and the second support bracket.
12. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 11,
the second support bracket is provided at a position rearward and above the first support bracket.
13. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 11,
the main stand in the storage position is disposed at a position surrounded by the exhaust device, the protector, the first support bracket, and the second support bracket when viewed from above.
14. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 9 or 10,
the main stand includes a coupling portion for coupling the pair of left and right support leg portions,
the exhaust device includes a parking frame stopper that regulates a storage position of the main parking frame by bringing the connection portion into contact with a rear end portion of the exhaust device opposite to the rear wheel,
the parking frame stopper has an abutment surface on which the connection portion abuts, at a position above a lower end of the exhaust device.
15. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 9 or 10,
the main stand includes a coupling portion for coupling the pair of left and right support leg portions,
when the main stand is in the storage position, the connection portion is located above a lower end of the exhaust device and is disposed forward of a front end of the rear wheel.
16. The straddle-type vehicle according to claim 9 or 10,
the exhaust device is disposed below the longitudinal frame portion, and the swing shaft of the main stand is disposed below the longitudinal frame portion.
CN201811514395.1A 2015-07-24 2015-07-24 Saddle-ride type vehicle Active CN110053691B (en)

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CN201811514395.1A CN110053691B (en) 2015-07-24 2015-07-24 Saddle-ride type vehicle

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JP6648197B2 (en) * 2018-06-26 2020-02-14 本田技研工業株式会社 Exhaust system for motorcycle
CN109649555A (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-04-19 重庆宗申创新技术研究院有限公司 A kind of frame structure of electric vehicle
JPWO2022249668A1 (en) * 2021-05-24 2022-12-01

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JP6445163B2 (en) 2018-12-26
CO2018000287A2 (en) 2018-04-10
MX2018000818A (en) 2018-11-09
CN106703962B (en) 2019-04-19
CN106703962A (en) 2017-05-24
JPWO2017018356A1 (en) 2018-03-08
JP6826580B2 (en) 2021-02-03
BR112018000162B1 (en) 2022-11-16
CN110053691A (en) 2019-07-26
BR112018000162A2 (en) 2018-09-04
PE20180275A1 (en) 2018-02-06

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