CN110053323B - 一种石墨烯复合材料及其生产工艺 - Google Patents

一种石墨烯复合材料及其生产工艺 Download PDF

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CN110053323B
CN110053323B CN201910287123.0A CN201910287123A CN110053323B CN 110053323 B CN110053323 B CN 110053323B CN 201910287123 A CN201910287123 A CN 201910287123A CN 110053323 B CN110053323 B CN 110053323B
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graphene composite
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郭湧
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Xiamen Zhongchuan Xinbo Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种石墨烯复合材料及其生产工艺，涉及复合材料技术领域。其技术要点是：一种石墨烯复合材料，包括二氧化硅气凝胶层以及设于二氧化硅气凝胶层两面的石墨烯复合纤维布，所述石墨烯复合纤维布由经纱和纬纱织造而成；所述纬纱由石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维混纺制成；所述经纱由石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、陶瓷纤维、不锈钢纤维、涤纶纤维混纺制成。本发明生产的石墨烯复合材料具有力学性能优异、可重复使用次数高达2000次的优点。

Description

一种石墨烯复合材料及其生产工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种石墨烯复合材料及其生产工艺。
背景技术
近年来，随着电商的快速发展，快递业务量以每年20％左右的速度增长，包装纸箱是快递常用的包装材料。
在公开号为CN109398877A的中国发明专利中公开了一种高强度包装纸箱，由下列重量份数的原料制成：原纸纸浆100-120份，芦苇浆50-80份，片碱3-6份，邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯20-30份，甲基纤维素10-20份，聚乙烯醇树脂10-20份，增韧剂1-3份。
上述专利的包装纸箱主要是采用纸浆和芦苇浆制成，其力学性能较差，容易撕裂、穿孔和割伤，可重复利用的次数低，导致每年会产生大量的包装箱垃圾，对环境造成污染和破坏，因此，需要研发一种绿色环保、可重复利用的新型包装材料。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的一在于提供一种石墨烯复合材料，其具有力学性能优异、可重复使用次数高达2000次的优点。
本发明的目的二在于提供一种石墨烯复合材料的生产工艺，其生产的石墨烯复合材料具有力学性能优异、可重复使用次数高达2000次的优点。
为实现上述目的一，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种石墨烯复合材料，包括二氧化硅气凝胶层以及设于二氧化硅气凝胶层两面的石墨烯复合纤维布，所述石墨烯复合纤维布由经纱和纬纱织造而成；
所述纬纱由石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维混纺制成；
所述经纱由石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、陶瓷纤维、不锈钢纤维、涤纶纤维混纺制成。
通过采用上述技术方案，石墨烯纤维具有强度高、导热系数高、韧性好等优点，但是其存在脆性高的缺点；碳纤维强度高，耐疲劳性好，并且具有耐腐蚀、高模量的特性，又兼备纺织纤维的柔软可加工性，能够弥补石墨烯纤维脆性高的缺点。
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维具有以下特点：比强度是同等截面钢丝的十多倍，比模量仅次于特级碳纤维；纤维密度低，密度是0.97-0.98g/cm，用于制作包装材料可以减轻重量；断裂功大，具有很强的吸收能量的能力，因而具有突出的抗冲击性和抗切割性；耐化学腐蚀、耐磨性好。
芳族聚酰胺纤维是一种高强度、高模量、低密度的纤维。
上述四种纤维混纺得到的纬纱力学性能优异，而且耐腐蚀。
玄武岩纤维不仅强度高，而且还具有电绝缘、耐腐蚀、耐高温等多种优异性能，阻燃性能优异，且产品废弃后可直接在环境中降解，无任何危害。
陶瓷纤维是一种纤维状轻质耐火材料，具有重量轻、耐高温、热稳定性好、导热率低、比热小及耐机械震动等优点。
不锈钢纤维具有高导电、高导热、高强度、耐高温、耐腐蚀、防辐射等性能。
涤纶纤维具有模量高、强度高、弹性高、良好的保形性和耐热性等优点，而且可以改善上述纤维的纺织性能。
二氧化硅气凝胶导热率低，耐高温，配合石墨烯复合纤维布可以耐受2000℃的高温。
上述八种纤维混纺得到的经纱强度高、韧性好，配合纬纱织成石墨烯复合纤维布并与二氧化硅气凝胶复合后，具有高模量、高强度、防刀割、防水防火、耐酸碱、耐高低温、抗老化、韧性好、重量轻和成本低的优点，可重复使用次数高达2000次。
进一步优选为，所述纬纱原料的重量百分比如下：
石墨烯纤维35-50％；
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维20-30％；
芳族聚酰胺纤维15-25％；
碳纤维补足至100％。
通过采用上述技术方案，以石墨烯纤维作为基体，在上述用量范围内，其他纤维可以较好的弥补石墨烯纤维脆性高的缺点，并提升耐腐蚀性能。
进一步优选为，所述经纱原料的重量百分比如下：
石墨烯纤维25-35％；
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维15-23％；
芳族聚酰胺纤维15-22％；
玄武岩纤维4-8％；
陶瓷纤维2-6％；
不锈钢纤维1-5％；
涤纶纤维1-5％；
碳纤维补足至100％。
通过采用上述技术方案，在上述用量范围内，以石墨烯纤维作为基体，其他纤维用于提高经纱的综合性能。
进一步优选为，石墨烯纤维40％；
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维30％；
芳族聚酰胺纤维20％；
碳纤维10％；
所述经纱原料的重量百分比如下：
石墨烯纤维25％；
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维23％；
芳族聚酰胺纤维22％；
玄武岩纤维6％；
陶瓷纤维4％；
不锈钢纤维3％；
涤纶纤维2％；
碳纤维15％。
通过采用上述技术方案，在上述用量时，经纱和纬纱的综合性能最佳，得到的石墨烯复合材料综合性能最好。
进一步优选为，所述石墨烯复合纤维布远离二氧化硅气凝胶层的一面涂覆有硅胶层。
通过采用上述技术方案，硅胶层起到隔绝水、气的作用，提高其防水性和密封性。
进一步优选为，所述二氧化硅气凝胶层的厚度为0.2-10mm,所述石墨烯复合纤维布的厚度为0.05-3mm，所述硅胶层的厚度为0.01-1mm。
通过采用上述技术方案，产品的厚度可以根据产品的实际用途在上述范围内调整。
为实现上述目的二，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种石墨烯复合材料的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维混纺制成纬纱；
步骤二，将石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、陶瓷纤维、不锈钢纤维、涤纶纤维混纺制成经纱；
步骤三，将纬纱和经纱采用梭织工艺进行织布，得到石墨烯复合纤维布；
步骤四，取两片石墨烯复合纤维布，将二氧化硅气凝胶涂布于石墨烯复合纤维布相向的一面，并进行贴合，固化后得到石墨烯复合材料。
通过采用上述技术方案，石墨烯复合纤维布与二氧化硅气凝胶复合后，具有高模量、高强度、防刀割、防水防火、耐酸碱、耐高低温、抗老化、韧性好、重量轻和成本低的优点。
进一步优选为，所述步骤四具体包括：取两片石墨烯复合纤维布，将二氧化硅气凝胶涂布于石墨烯复合纤维布相向的一面，并进行贴合，再在石墨烯复合纤维布远离二氧化硅气凝胶层的一面涂覆硅胶，固化后得到石墨烯复合材料。
通过采用上述技术方案，硅胶层起到隔绝水、气的作用，提高其防水性和密封性。
综上所述，与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明采用混纺得到的经纱配合纬纱织成石墨烯复合纤维布，并与二氧化硅气凝胶复合后，具有高模量、高强度、防刀割、防水防火、耐酸碱、耐高低温、抗老化、韧性好、重量轻和成本低的优点；
(2)本发明生产的石墨烯复合材料作为包装材料使用时，可重复使用次数高达2000次，避免产生大量包装垃圾，绿色环保；
(3)本发明生产的石墨烯复合材料用途广泛，除了作为包装材料外，还可以用于建筑、桥梁、水利、化工、农业、粮贮、国防等行业。
附图说明
图1为本发明的石墨烯复合材料的剖面图。
附图标记：1、二氧化硅气凝胶层；2、石墨烯复合纤维布；3、硅胶层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例1：如图1所示，一种石墨烯复合材料，包括二氧化硅气凝胶层1以及粘接于二氧化硅气凝胶层1两面的石墨烯复合纤维布2，石墨烯复合纤维布2由经纱和纬纱织造而成。纬纱由石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维混纺制成；经纱由石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、陶瓷纤维、不锈钢纤维、涤纶纤维混纺制成。经纱和纬纱的原料及其重量百分比如表1所示。
一种石墨烯复合材料的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维混纺制成纬纱；
步骤二，将石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、陶瓷纤维、不锈钢纤维、涤纶纤维混纺制成经纱；
步骤三，将纬纱和经纱采用梭织工艺进行织布，得到石墨烯复合纤维布2；
步骤四，取两片石墨烯复合纤维布2，将二氧化硅气凝胶涂布于石墨烯复合纤维布2相向的一面，形成二氧化硅气凝胶层1，并进行贴合，固化后得到石墨烯复合材料。
实施例2-5：一种石墨烯复合材料，与实施例1的不同之处在于，经纱和纬纱的原料及其重量百分比如表1所示。
表1实施例1-5中经纱和纬纱的原料及其重量百分比
Figure BDA0002022892550000051
实施例6：一种石墨烯复合材料，与实施例1的不同之处在于，如图1所示，石墨烯复合纤维布2远离二氧化硅气凝胶层1的一面涂覆有硅胶层3；步骤四具体包括：取两片石墨烯复合纤维布2，将二氧化硅气凝胶涂布于石墨烯复合纤维布2相向的一面，并进行贴合，再在石墨烯复合纤维布2远离二氧化硅气凝胶层1的一面涂覆硅胶，固化后得到石墨烯复合材料。
对比例1：一种石墨烯复合材料，与实施例1的不同之处在于，将纬纱中的芳族聚酰胺纤维替换为石墨烯纤维。
对比例2：一种石墨烯复合材料，与实施例1的不同之处在于，将纬纱中的碳纤维替换为石墨烯纤维。
对比例3：一种石墨烯复合材料，与实施例1的不同之处在于，将经纱中的玄武岩纤维和陶瓷纤维替换为石墨烯纤维。
性能测试
试验方法：分别测试实施例1-6及对比例1-3中石墨烯复合材料的断裂强度、撕破强度。
按GB/T5455-1997《纺织品燃烧性能试验垂直法》测定实施例1-6及对比例1-3中石墨烯复合材料的极限氧指数LOI(％)，并用UL94标准检测阻燃等级，并分别取各实施例的石墨烯复合材料10g进行燃烧，统计变形或燃烧时的临界温度。
将实施例1-6及对比例1-3的石墨烯复合材料分别于2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液和2mol/L的盐酸溶液中浸泡30min，然后用去离子水洗涤，称重，计算失重率。
将实施例1-6及对比例1-3的石墨烯复合材料在日光下试验200天后，测试其断裂强度并计算断裂强度下降率。
试验结果及分析：实施例1-6及对比例1-3的测试结果如表2所示。由表2可知，实施例1-6采用混纺得到的经纱配合纬纱织成石墨烯复合纤维布，并与二氧化硅气凝胶复合后，断裂强度和撕破强度高，与对比例1-3相比均有大幅提升；实施例1-6的断裂强度下降率低，说明石墨烯复合材料抗老化性能好；实施例1-6的极限氧指数大于28，阻燃等级均为V-0，临界温度均大于1800℃，说明石墨烯复合材料的阻燃性能优异，能耐受高温，对比例3未加入玄武岩纤维和陶瓷纤维，阻燃性能和耐温性有所下降；实施例1-6的失重率均小于0.15％，而对比例1-3的失重率均大于0.5％，说明石墨烯复合材料的耐腐蚀性能优异。
表2实施例1-6及对比例1-3的测试结果
Figure BDA0002022892550000061
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种石墨烯复合材料，其特征在于，包括二氧化硅气凝胶层（1）以及设于二氧化硅气凝胶层（1）两面的石墨烯复合纤维布（2），所述石墨烯复合纤维布（2）由经纱和纬纱织造而成；
所述纬纱由石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维混纺制成；
所述经纱由石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、陶瓷纤维、不锈钢纤维、涤纶纤维混纺制成；
所述纬纱原料的重量百分比如下：
石墨烯纤维35-50%；
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维20-30%；
芳族聚酰胺纤维15-25%；
碳纤维补足至100%；
所述经纱原料的重量百分比如下：
石墨烯纤维25-35%；
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维15-23%；
芳族聚酰胺纤维15-22%；
玄武岩纤维4-8%；
陶瓷纤维2-6%；
不锈钢纤维1-5%；
涤纶纤维1-5%；
碳纤维补足至100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯复合材料，其特征在于，所述纬纱原料的重量百分比如下：
石墨烯纤维40%；
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维30%；
芳族聚酰胺纤维20%；
碳纤维10%；
所述经纱原料的重量百分比如下：
石墨烯纤维25%；
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维23%；
芳族聚酰胺纤维22%；
玄武岩纤维6%；
陶瓷纤维4%；
不锈钢纤维3%；
涤纶纤维2%；
碳纤维15%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨烯复合材料，其特征在于，所述石墨烯复合纤维布（2）远离二氧化硅气凝胶层（1）的一面涂覆有硅胶层（3）。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种石墨烯复合材料，其特征在于，所述二氧化硅气凝胶层（1）的厚度为0.2-10mm,所述石墨烯复合纤维布（2）的厚度为0.05-3mm，所述硅胶层（3）的厚度为0.01-1mm。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的一种石墨烯复合材料的生产工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维混纺制成纬纱；
步骤二，将石墨烯纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维、陶瓷纤维、不锈钢纤维、涤纶纤维混纺制成经纱；
步骤三，将纬纱和经纱采用梭织工艺进行织布，得到石墨烯复合纤维布（2）；
步骤四，取两片石墨烯复合纤维布（2），将二氧化硅气凝胶涂布于石墨烯复合纤维布（2）相向的一面，并进行贴合，固化后得到石墨烯复合材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种石墨烯复合材料的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤四具体包括：取两片石墨烯复合纤维布（2），将二氧化硅气凝胶涂布于石墨烯复合纤维布（2）相向的一面，并进行贴合，再在石墨烯复合纤维布（2）远离二氧化硅气凝胶层（1）的一面涂覆硅胶，固化后得到石墨烯复合材料。
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