CN110050750B - Habituation method for improving summer heat resistance of white feather broilers - Google Patents
Habituation method for improving summer heat resistance of white feather broilers Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/70—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in livestock or poultry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a habituation method for improving heat resistance of white feather broilers in summer, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting hatching eggs; s2, sterilizing the incubator; s3, disinfecting hatching eggs; s4, hatching; s5, hatching and raising. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the white feather broilers bred by the method have the advantages of greatly improving the whole health level and the anti-stress capability compared with common white feather broilers, simultaneously reducing the use of drug feed additives, reducing the use of heatstroke prevention and cooling facilities in chicken houses in summer, greatly reducing the electricity consumption, reducing the breeding cost, obviously increasing the economic benefit, being easily accepted by farmers, possibly becoming the advantage of large-scale chicken breeding, and having wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a habituation method for improving heat resistance of white feather broilers in summer.
Background
The poultry has low risk of resisting diseases in growth, is easy to generate stress, and is particularly not adaptive to high-temperature environment. Because poultry are constant-temperature animals, the back of the poultry is covered with feathers, sweat glands are not formed, the skin is difficult to dissipate heat, the poultry can obviously sense the temperature higher than 26 ℃, the poultry can dissipate heat by opening the mouth and exhaling and opening the wings, and the broiler group is dangerous when heat stress frequently occurs every time summer comes in the breeding industry.
In order to relieve heat stress and improve growth performance, the heat stress resistance of broiler chickens in summer is mainly improved and relieved in the actual production process at present, and the main method is to improve the environmental suitability of the henhouse and prevent and treat the broiler chickens through medicaments. However, both improvement of environmental suitability in a chicken house and preventive treatment with drugs require a large amount of manpower and material resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a habitual method for improving summer heat resistance of the white-feather meat hybrid chicken, and the overall health level and the anti-stress capability of the white-feather meat hybrid chicken cultured by the habitual method are greatly improved compared with those of the common white-feather meat hybrid chicken.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a habituation method for improving heat resistance of white feather broilers in summer comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting hatching eggs;
s2, sterilizing the incubator;
s3, disinfecting hatching eggs;
s4, hatching
S41, preheating the sterilized hatching eggs at 30-35 ℃ for 4-6h to recover the embryos and then formally hatching;
s42, hatching for 1-6 days, controlling the habituation temperature at 37.2-37.8 ℃, controlling the humidity at 55-60% RH, ventilating for 15-20S every 115-125min, and turning eggs for 2-3min every 2-3 h; day 7-16, 8 am each day: 00-11: 00 performing heat habituation at 39.0-39.5 deg.C and 65-70% RH to improve heat resistance adaptability of embryo, habituation at 37.2-37.8 deg.C and 55-60% RH for the rest time, and performing air exchange and egg turning for the same time and times as 1-6 days; ventilating for 25-30s every 85-95min on days 17 and 18, and keeping the temperature, humidity, egg turning time and times the same as those on days 1-6; on day 19, the temperature, humidity and air exchange are the same as those on days 1-6, 2 in the afternoon: 00-3: 00 spraying 150-200mL of sterile water to hatching eggs in the incubator to absorb water for embryos; dropping the hatching eggs on the 20 th day;
s5, hatching and raising.
Preferably, the S1 hatching egg selection specifically comprises the steps of selecting and storing eggs laid by commercial generation breeding hens of 200-400-day-old white-feather miscellaneous broiler within 2 weeks from strong bodies, no diseases and insect pests and good feeding, wherein the eggs are normal in egg type, moderate in size, uniform in eggshell thickness, consistent in color, bright in color and light in weight range of 58-62g and serve as hatching eggs.
Preferably, the step of sterilizing the S2 incubator comprises the steps of completely sterilizing the inside of the incubator by using 1% of benzalkonium bromide, and ventilating and placing for 1-2 days after sterilization.
Preferably, the S3 hatching egg disinfection specifically comprises the steps of spraying benzalkonium bromide with the mass concentration of 1% on the surface of an egg shell for disinfection or placing the hatching egg in a closed space, wherein 30-50mL of mixed solution of 10% by mass concentration of formaldehyde and 15-25g of potassium permanganate is arranged in each cubic meter of the closed space, fumigating for 20-30min at the temperature of 27-30 ℃ for disinfection, and ventilating and placing for 1-2 days after disinfection.
Preferably, the S5 hatching and feeding specifically comprises the steps of after hatching, transferring the chicken from the incubator to a chicken house for feeding after the feather is dry, preparing chicken feed according to two stages of 1-21 days and 22-42 days for feeding, and slaughtering on the 42 th day.
Preferably, the top of the henhouse is covered by a non-drop plastic film, then straw with the thickness of 15-25cm is paved on the non-drop plastic film for heat insulation, a layer of common plastic film is further paved on the straw, then a layer of asphalt felt is paved for water prevention, and finally a sunshade net is covered on the asphalt felt.
Preferably, the formula of the chick feed for 1 to 21 days comprises 32.58 parts of corn, 52.5 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.34 parts of stone powder and 2.88 parts of 5 percent premix; the formula of the chick feed for 21-42 days comprises 52.58 parts of corn, 11.2 parts of soybean meal, 31.8 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.6 parts of stone powder and 3.12 parts of 5% premix.
Preferably, on 8-10 days and 20 days of hatching, eggs are illuminated in dark conditions, the development condition of chicken embryos is observed, and clear eggs and dead eggs are removed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the white feather broilers bred by the method have the advantages of greatly improving the whole health level and the anti-stress capability compared with the common white feather broilers, simultaneously reducing the use of medicinal feed additives, reducing the use of heatstroke prevention and cooling facilities in chicken houses in summer, greatly reducing the electricity consumption, reducing the breeding cost, obviously increasing the economic benefit, being easily accepted by farmers, possibly becoming the advantage of large-scale breeding and having wide application prospect.
The embryonic stage is a key stage for fundamentally solving the problems that the broiler chicken is sensitive to high temperature sensing and cannot tolerate high temperature. The embryonic development period of the livestock and poultry is the key stage of the development and the perfection of the basal metabolism, the thermoregulation and the adaptability to the environment of the livestock and poultry. The heat habituation can induce organisms to generate heat resistance in the growth and development of the broiler chickens, and high-temperature habituation stimulation with proper strength is given in the embryonic stage, so that the body heat regulation mechanism of the broiler chickens in an extreme heat environment can be activated or perfected, the character expression of individual genes and proteins is changed, the physiological parameters in vivo are changed, the perception regulation point of the broiler chickens to the external temperature is improved, the adaptability of the broiler chickens to the extreme heat environment in the later growth stage is enhanced, the broiler chickens can adapt to the high-temperature external environment in the later growth stage, and the effect of heat stress resistance is finally achieved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A habituation method for improving heat resistance of white feather broilers in summer comprises the following steps:
s1, selection of hatching eggs: selecting eggs which are strong in body type, free of diseases and insect pests and good in feeding, are laid by commercial generation breeding hens of 200-400-day-old white feather meat hybrid chickens and are kept within 2 weeks, are normal in egg type, moderate in size, uniform in eggshell thickness, consistent in color, bright in color and light in weight range of 58-62g as breeding eggs;
s2, incubator disinfection: using 1% benzalkonium bromide to sterilize the inside of the incubator comprehensively, and ventilating and placing for 1 day after sterilization;
s3, egg disinfection: placing hatching eggs in a closed space, wherein each cubic meter of the closed space is filled with 30mL of mixed solution of 10% by mass of formaldehyde and 15g of potassium permanganate, fumigating at 27 ℃ for 20min for disinfection, and ventilating and placing for 2 days after disinfection;
s4, hatching
S41, preheating the sterilized hatching eggs at 30 ℃ for 4 hours to recover the embryos and then formally hatching;
s42, hatching for 1-6 days, controlling the temperature at 37.2 ℃, the humidity at 55% RH, ventilating for 15S every 115min, and turning eggs for 2min every 2 h; day 7-16, 8 am each day: 00-11: 00 carrying out heat habituation at the temperature of 39.0 ℃ and the humidity of 65% RH to improve the heat resistance adaptability of the embryo, habituating the embryos at the temperature of 37.2 ℃ and the humidity of 55% RH for the rest of time, and carrying out air exchange and egg turning for the same time and times as the 1 st to 6 th days; on days 17 and 18, ventilating every 85min for 25s, and keeping the temperature, humidity, egg turning time and times as same as those on days 1-6; on day 19, the temperature, humidity and air exchange are the same as those on days 1-6, 2 in the afternoon: 00-3: 00 sterile water is sprayed on the hatching eggs by 150-200mL to absorb water for the embryos; dropping the hatching eggs on the 20 th day, illuminating the hatching eggs in dark on 8-10 th day and 20 th day of hatching, observing the development condition of the chicken embryos, and removing the eggs without sperm and the dead eggs;
s5, hatching and raising: after hatching, the chicken is transferred from the incubator to a chicken house for feeding after the feather is dry, chicken feed is prepared according to two stages of 1-21 days and 22-42 days for feeding, and the chicken is slaughtered on the 42 th day.
The top of the henhouse is covered by a non-drop plastic film, then straw with the thickness of 15cm is paved on the non-drop plastic film for heat insulation, a layer of common plastic film is paved on the straw, then a layer of asphalt felt is paved for water prevention, and finally a sunshade net is covered on the asphalt felt.
The formula of the chick feed for 1-21 days comprises 32.58 parts of corn, 52.5 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.34 parts of stone powder and 2.88 parts of 5% premix; the formula of the chick feed for 21-42 days comprises 52.58 parts of corn, 11.2 parts of soybean meal, 31.8 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.6 parts of stone powder and 3.12 parts of 5% premix.
Example 2
A habituation method for improving heat resistance of white feather broilers in summer comprises the following steps:
s1, selection of hatching eggs: selecting eggs which are strong in body type, free of diseases and insect pests and good in feeding, are laid by commercial generation breeding hens of 200-400-day-old white feather meat hybrid chickens and are kept within 2 weeks, are normal in egg type, moderate in size, uniform in eggshell thickness, consistent in color, bright in color and light in weight range of 58-62g as breeding eggs;
s2, incubator disinfection: using 1% benzalkonium bromide to sterilize the inside of the incubator comprehensively, and ventilating and placing for 1 day after sterilization;
s3, egg disinfection: spraying benzalkonium bromide with the mass concentration of 1% on the surface of the eggshell for disinfection, and ventilating and placing for 1 day after disinfection;
s4, hatching
S41, preheating the sterilized hatching eggs at 30 ℃ for 4 hours to recover the embryos and then formally hatching;
s42, hatching for 1-6 days, controlling the temperature at 37.8 ℃, the humidity at 56% RH, ventilating for 15S every 120min, and turning eggs for 3min every 2 h; day 7-16, 8 am each day: 00-11: 00 carrying out heat habituation at the temperature of 39.5 ℃ and the humidity of 65% RH to improve the heat resistance adaptability of the embryo, habituating the embryos at the temperature of 37.8 ℃ and the humidity of 56% RH for the rest of time, and carrying out air exchange and egg turning for the same time and times as the 1 st to 6 th days; on days 17 and 18, ventilating for 30s every 90min, and keeping the temperature, humidity, egg turning time and times as same as those on days 1-6; on day 19, the temperature, humidity and air exchange are the same as those on days 1-6, 2 in the afternoon: 00-3: 00 sterile water is sprayed on the hatching eggs by 150-200mL to absorb water for the embryos; dropping the hatching eggs on the 20 th day, illuminating the hatching eggs in dark on 8-10 th day and 20 th day of hatching, observing the development condition of the chicken embryos, and removing the eggs without sperm and the dead eggs;
s5, hatching and raising: after hatching, transferring the chicken into a chicken house for feeding after the chicken feathers are dry, preparing chicken feed according to two stages of 1-21 days and 22-42 days for feeding, and then marketing on the 42 th day.
The top of the henhouse is covered by a non-drop plastic film, then straw with the thickness of 20cm is paved on the non-drop plastic film for heat insulation, a layer of common plastic film is paved on the straw, then a layer of asphalt felt is paved for water prevention, and finally a sunshade net is covered on the asphalt felt.
The formula of the chick feed for 1-21 days comprises 32.58 parts of corn, 52.5 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.34 parts of stone powder and 2.88 parts of 5% premix; the formula of the chick feed for 21-42 days comprises 52.58 parts of corn, 11.2 parts of soybean meal, 31.8 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.6 parts of stone powder and 3.12 parts of 5% premix.
Example 3
A habituation method for improving heat resistance of white feather broilers in summer comprises the following steps:
s1, selection of hatching eggs: selecting eggs which are strong in body type, free of diseases and insect pests and good in feeding, are laid by commercial generation breeding hens of 200-400-day-old white feather meat hybrid chickens and are kept within 2 weeks, are normal in egg type, moderate in size, uniform in eggshell thickness, consistent in color, bright in color and light in weight range of 58-62g as breeding eggs;
s2, incubator disinfection: using 1% benzalkonium bromide to sterilize the inside of the incubator comprehensively, and ventilating and placing for 1 day after sterilization;
s3, egg disinfection: placing hatching eggs in a closed space, wherein each cubic meter of the closed space is filled with 40mL of mixed solution of 10% by mass of formaldehyde and 20g of potassium permanganate, and fumigating at 30 ℃ for 30min for disinfection;
s4, hatching
S41, preheating the sterilized hatching eggs at 35 ℃ for 5 hours to recover the embryos and then formally hatching;
s42, hatching for 1-6 days, controlling the temperature at 37.5 ℃, controlling the humidity at 57% RH, ventilating for 20S every 125min, and turning eggs for 3min every 3 h; day 7-16, 8 am each day: 00-11: 00 carrying out heat habituation at the temperature of 39.3 ℃ and the humidity of 66% RH to improve the heat resistance adaptability of the embryo, habituating the embryos at the temperature of 37.5 ℃ and the humidity of 57% RH for the rest of time, and carrying out air exchange and egg turning for the same time and times as the 1 st to 6 th days; on days 17 and 18, ventilating for 30s every 95min, and keeping the temperature, humidity, egg turning time and times as same as those on days 1-6; on day 19, the temperature, humidity and air exchange are the same as those on days 1-6, 2 in the afternoon: 00-3: 00 sterile water is sprayed on the hatching eggs by 150-200mL to absorb water for the embryos; dropping the hatching eggs on the 20 th day, illuminating the hatching eggs in dark on 8-10 th day and 20 th day of hatching, observing the development condition of the chicken embryos, and removing the eggs without sperm and the dead eggs;
s5, hatching and raising: after hatching, transferring the chicken into a chicken house for feeding after the chicken feathers are dry, preparing chicken feed according to two stages of 1-21 days and 22-42 days for feeding, and then marketing on the 42 th day.
The top of the henhouse is covered by a non-drop plastic film, then straw with the thickness of 20cm is paved on the non-drop plastic film for heat insulation, a layer of common plastic film is paved on the straw, then a layer of asphalt felt is paved for water prevention, and finally a sunshade net is covered on the asphalt felt.
The formula of the chick feed for 1-21 days comprises 32.58 parts of corn, 52.5 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.34 parts of stone powder and 2.88 parts of 5% premix; the formula of the chick feed for 21-42 days comprises 52.58 parts of corn, 11.2 parts of soybean meal, 31.8 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.6 parts of stone powder and 3.12 parts of 5% premix.
Example 4
A habituation method for improving heat resistance of white feather broilers in summer comprises the following steps:
s1, selection of hatching eggs: selecting eggs which are strong in body type, free of diseases and insect pests and good in feeding, are laid by commercial generation breeding hens of 200-400-day-old white feather meat hybrid chickens and are kept within 2 weeks, are normal in egg type, moderate in size, uniform in eggshell thickness, consistent in color, bright in color and light in weight range of 58-62g as breeding eggs;
s2, incubator disinfection: using new benzalkonium bromide with the mass concentration of 1% to comprehensively disinfect the interior of the incubator;
s3, egg disinfection: placing hatching eggs in a closed space, wherein each cubic meter of the closed space is filled with 30mL of mixed solution of 10% by mass of formaldehyde and 15g of potassium permanganate, and fumigating at 27 ℃ for 30min for disinfection;
s4, hatching
S41, preheating the sterilized hatching eggs at 30 ℃ for 6 hours to recover the embryos and then formally hatching;
s42, hatching for 1-6 days, controlling the temperature at 37.6 ℃, the humidity at 60% RH, ventilating for 17S every 120min, and turning eggs for 2.5min every 2.5 h; day 7-16, 8 am each day: 00-11: 00 carrying out heat habituation at the temperature of 39.1 ℃ and the humidity of 70% RH to improve the heat resistance adaptability of the embryo, habituating the embryos at the temperature of 37.6 ℃ and the humidity of 60% RH for the rest of time, and carrying out air exchange and egg turning for the same time and times as the 1 st to 6 th days; on days 17 and 18, ventilating every 90min for 25s, and keeping the temperature, humidity, egg turning time and times as same as those on days 1-6; on day 19, the temperature, humidity and air exchange are the same as those on days 1-6, 2 in the afternoon: 00-3: 00 sterile water is sprayed on the hatching eggs by 150-200mL to absorb water for the embryos; dropping the hatching eggs on the 20 th day, illuminating the hatching eggs in dark on 8-10 th day and 20 th day of hatching, observing the development condition of the chicken embryos, and removing the eggs without sperm and the dead eggs;
s5, hatching and raising: after hatching, transferring the chicken into a chicken house for feeding after the chicken feathers are dry, preparing chicken feed according to two stages of 1-21 days and 22-42 days for feeding, and then marketing on the 42 th day.
The top of the henhouse is covered by a non-drop plastic film, straws with the thickness of 19cm are laid on the non-drop plastic film for heat insulation, a layer of common plastic film is covered on the straws, a layer of asphalt felt is laid for water prevention, and finally a sunshade net is covered on the asphalt felt.
The formula of the chick feed for 1-21 days comprises 32.58 parts of corn, 52.5 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.34 parts of stone powder and 2.88 parts of 5% premix; the formula of the chick feed for 21-42 days comprises 52.58 parts of corn, 11.2 parts of soybean meal, 31.8 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.6 parts of stone powder and 3.12 parts of 5% premix.
Example 5
The hatching according to the invention can be carried out as an independent technical solution,
a hatching method of white feather broilers comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating the sterilized hatching eggs at 30-35 ℃ for 4-6h to recover the embryos and then formally hatching;
s2, hatching for 1-6 days, controlling the habituation temperature at 37.2-37.8 ℃, controlling the humidity at 55-60% RH, ventilating for 15-20S every 115-125min, and turning eggs for 2-3min every 2-3 h; day 7-16, 8 am each day: 00-11: 00 performing heat habituation at 39.0-39.5 deg.C and 65-70% RH to improve heat resistance adaptability of embryo, habituation at 37.2-37.8 deg.C and 55-60% RH for the rest time, and performing air exchange and egg turning for the same time and times as 1-6 days; ventilating for 25-30s every 85-95min on days 17 and 18, and keeping the temperature, humidity, egg turning time and times the same as those on days 1-6; on day 19, the temperature, humidity and air exchange are the same as those on days 1-6, 2 in the afternoon: 00-3: 00 spraying 150-200mL of sterile water to hatching eggs in the incubator to absorb water for embryos; the hatching eggs were subjected to plate dropping on day 20.
Example 6
The present example differs from example 2 in that "day 7 to 16 of the hatching stage of the present example, 8 am is not performed every day: 00-11: 00 Heat custom-made clothes with a temperature of 39.5 ℃ and a humidity of 65% RH were carried out, and the rest was exactly the same as example 2 ".
Results and detection
The following data were obtained by performing the tests using example 2 as the test group and example 6 as the control group, respectively.
TABLE 1 Effect of different habituation methods on hatching Performance and feeding Effect
As is clear from Table 1, the test group was superior to the control group in hatching performance and feeding effect. Compared with the control group, after the test group is incubated in the conventional manner, the number of live embryos, the number of outcoming shells and the number of healthy chicks of the test group are slightly more, and the morbidity and the mortality of the test group in later feeding are obviously reduced.
TABLE 2 weight and rectal temperature of broiler chickens at 0d, 42d
Note: in the same row, the capital letters marked on different shoulders indicate significant difference (P <0.01), the small letters marked on different shoulders indicate significant difference (P <0.05), and the letters marked on the same shoulders indicate insignificant difference (P > 0.05). The same applies below.
As shown in Table 2, when the weight of the white feather broilers is 0d and 42d, the weight of the test group is remarkably increased by 13.21% (P <0.05) and 14.27% (P <0.05) respectively compared with the control group; when the rectum temperature of the white feather broilers is 0d and 42d, the rectum temperature of the white feather broilers is respectively reduced by 0.10 percent (P >0.05) and 0.82 percent (P >0.05) compared with the control group.
TABLE 3 influence of heat habituation during the middle stage of incubation on the growth performance of broiler
As can be seen from Table 3, at the age of 1-21 days, compared with the control group, the average daily feed intake of the white feather broilers is improved by 4.39% (P >0.05), the average daily gain is obviously improved by 14.72% (P <0.05), and the feed conversion ratio is reduced by 9.32%; when the chicken is 22-42 days old, compared with a control group, the average daily feed intake of the white feather broilers is increased by 11.73 percent (P is more than 0.05), the average daily gain is increased by 14.02 percent (P is more than 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio is reduced by 3.32 percent; compared with a control group, the average daily feed intake of the white feather broilers is improved by 9.70 percent (P is more than 0.05), the average daily gain is obviously improved by 14.30 percent (P is less than 0.05) and the feed conversion ratio is reduced by 4.07 percent in the whole period of 1-42 days old.
TABLE 4 Effect of heat habituation during mid-hatch on Chicken serum corticosterone (Cor) (ng/L)
As is clear from Table 4, the concentrations of Cor in serum were reduced by 3.54% (P >0.05), 17.15% (P <0.01) and 18.48% (P <0.01) in the white-feather broilers at 17d, 27d and 37d, respectively, as compared with the control group in the test group; the control group Cor concentration increased with time and decreased, and the test group Cor concentration increased and decreased with time.
TABLE 5 influence of heat habit in the middle of hatching on Heat clearing stress protein 70(HSP70) in Chicken blood (ng/L)
As shown in Table 5, the concentrations of HSP70 in serum increased by 1.91% (P >0.05), 27.82% (P <0.01) and 34.34% (P <0.01) in the white-feather broilers at 17d, 27d and 37d, respectively, as compared with the control group in the test group; the HSP70 concentration in the test group increased with time and decreased in the HSP70 concentration in the control group with time.
TABLE 6 Heat habit in mid-hatch period for chicken serum triiodothyronine (T)3) Influence of (pmol/L)
As is clear from Table 6, the T values of the white-feather broilers at 17d, 27d and 37d were higher in the test group than in the control group3The content of hormone in serum is respectively reduced by 21.06 percent (P)<0.05)、18.93％(P<0.01)、12.74％(P<0.05); control group T3The hormone content decreased with time, test group T3The hormone content decreases and increases with time.
TABLE 7 Effect of heat habit during the middle of incubation on Chicken serum thyroxine (T)4)(μg/L)
As is clear from Table 7, the T values of the white-feather broilers at 17d, 27d and 37d were higher in the test group than in the control group4The content of hormone in serum is respectively reduced by 7.56% (P)>0.05)、1.61％(P>0.05)、2.01％(P>0.05); t of control group and test group4The hormone content decreases and increases with time.
TABLE 8 influence of heat habit during the middle of incubation on Chicken serum Insulin (INS) (mU/L)
As shown in Table 8, the content of INS hormone in serum was increased by 5.32% (P >0.05), 18.29% (P <0.01) and 10.80% (P <0.05) in the white-feather broilers at 17d, 27d and 37d, respectively, as compared with the control group in the test group; the INS hormone content of the control group decreased first and then increased with time, and the INS hormone content of the test group increased with time with a decreasing trend.
TABLE 9 Effect of heat habit during mid-hatch period on Chicken blood Heat clearing stress protein 90(HSP90) (pg/mL)
As can be seen from table 9, the concentrations of HSP90 in serum were reduced by 5.85% (P >0.05), 10.25% (P <0.05), and 13.61% (P <0.01) in the white-feather broilers at 17d, 27d, and 37d, respectively, as compared with the control group in the test group; the HSP90 concentration of the test group is reduced firstly and then increased with time, and the HSP70 concentration of the control group is increased with time and has a reduction trend.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A habituation method for improving heat resistance of white feather broilers in summer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting hatching eggs;
s2, sterilizing the incubator;
s3, disinfecting hatching eggs;
s4, hatching
S41, preheating the sterilized hatching eggs at 30-35 ℃ for 4-6h to recover the embryos and then formally hatching;
s42, hatching for 1-6 days, controlling the habituation temperature at 37.2-37.8 ℃, controlling the humidity at 55-60% RH, ventilating for 15-20S every 115-125min, and turning eggs for 2-3min every 2-3 h; day 7-16, 8 am each day: 00-11: 00 performing heat habituation at 39.0-39.5 deg.C and 65-70% RH to improve heat resistance adaptability of embryo, habituation at 37.2-37.8 deg.C and 55-60% RH for the rest time, and performing air exchange and egg turning for the same time and times as 1-6 days; ventilating for 25-30s every 85-95min on days 17 and 18, and keeping the temperature, humidity, egg turning time and times the same as those on days 1-6; on day 19, the temperature, humidity and air exchange are the same as those on days 1-6, 2 in the afternoon: 00-3: 00 spraying 150-200mL of sterile water to hatching eggs in the incubator to absorb water for embryos; dropping the hatching eggs on the 20 th day;
s5, hatching and raising.
2. The habitual method for improving summer heat resistance of white-feather miscellaneous broiler chickens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S1 hatching eggs are selected from eggs which are strong in body, free of plant diseases and insect pests and good in feeding, and are produced by commercial white-feather miscellaneous broiler breeders of 200-400 days old, and are kept within 2 weeks, normal in egg type, moderate in size, uniform in eggshell thickness, consistent in color, bright in color and weight in a range of 58-62 g.
3. The habitual method for improving summer heat resistance of white feather broilers, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific step of S2 incubator sterilization is to use 1% concentration by mass of benzalkonium bromide to sterilize the inside of the incubator thoroughly, and the incubator is left in a ventilated state for 1-2 days.
4. The habitual clothes method for improving summer heat resistance of white feather broilers, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the S3 hatching egg disinfection specifically comprises the steps of spraying benzalkonium bromide with a mass concentration of 1% onto the surface of an eggshell for disinfection or placing hatching eggs in a closed space, wherein each cubic meter of the closed space is filled with 30-50mL of a mixed solution of 10% by mass of formaldehyde and 15-25g of potassium permanganate, fumigating at 27-30 ℃ for 20-30min for disinfection, and ventilating and placing for 1-2 days after disinfection.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of S5 comprises the steps of hatching, transferring the chicken from the incubator to the chicken house after the feathers are dry, preparing chicken feed for feeding in two stages of 1-21 days and 22-42 days, and slaughtering on day 42.
6. The habitual method for improving the summer heat resistance of the white feather broilers, as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that the top of the henhouse is covered with a non-dropping plastic film, then straw with the thickness of 15-25cm is laid on the non-dropping plastic film for heat insulation, a common plastic film is further covered on the straw, then a felt layer is laid for water prevention, and finally a sunshade net is covered on the felt layer.
7. The habituation method for improving the summer heat resistance of the white feather broilers, according to claim 5, is characterized in that the formula of the chick feed for 1-21 days is 32.58 parts of corn, 52.5 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.34 parts of mountain flour and 2.88 parts of 5% premix; the formula of the chick feed for 21-42 days comprises 52.58 parts of corn, 11.2 parts of soybean meal, 31.8 parts of corn protein powder, 3.7 parts of soybean oil, 1.6 parts of stone powder and 3.12 parts of 5% premix.
8. The habitual method for improving summer heat resistance of hybrid white feather broilers, as claimed in claim 1, wherein eggs are photographed in dark conditions on 8-10 th and 20 th days of hatching, embryo development is observed, and clear eggs and dead eggs are removed.
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