CN110044315B - Roundness measuring system - Google Patents
Roundness measuring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110044315B CN110044315B CN201910376406.2A CN201910376406A CN110044315B CN 110044315 B CN110044315 B CN 110044315B CN 201910376406 A CN201910376406 A CN 201910376406A CN 110044315 B CN110044315 B CN 110044315B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0002—Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B7/282—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring roundness
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Abstract
The invention provides a roundness measuring system, which comprises a roundness measuring frame, a roundness measuring device and a roundness measuring device, wherein the roundness measuring frame comprises a rotating shaft which extends vertically, a connecting arm which extends horizontally and is fixed at a point a of the rotating shaft, and a measuring arm which extends vertically and is fixed at a point b of the connecting arm; the distance sensing device is fixed at the point c of the measuring arm, and the sensing direction is parallel to the connecting arm so as to detect the distance M between the sensing end and the surface of the round part to be measured in the sensing direction; the inclination angle sensing device is used for sensing the inclination angle theta of the connecting arm relative to the horizontal plane during actual measurement of the side; the data acquisition and conditioning device is communicated with the distance sensing device and the inclination angle sensing device to acquire and condition detection signals to form detection data; the data processing device receives the detection data according to the distance L between the point a and the point b 1 Distance between point b and point c L 2 Distance L between sensing end and point c 3 And under each angle, calculating the radial distance N between the sensing end and the surface of the circular part to be measured when the connecting arm is in a horizontal state, and calculating the roundness value of the circular part to be measured according to N by utilizing a preset program.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of roundness measurement, in particular to a roundness measurement system.
Background
The hydroelectric power generation equipment has a plurality of large-scale circular parts for roundness measurement, such as a seat ring, a top cover and a bottom ring of a water turbine, a leakage stop ring of a generator stator, an upper and lower machine frame of the generator, a generator stator, a rotor, an upper and lower leakage stop ring of a mixed flow water turbine runner, journals of guide bearings of a unit, a large shaft flange and the like.
A typical roundness measurement system typically includes a roundness measurement rack and a sensor for ranging. The circle measuring frame comprises a rotating shaft which is vertically arranged and coaxially positioned with the round part to be measured, a connecting arm which horizontally extends and one end of the connecting arm is fixed at the top end of the rotating shaft, and a measuring arm which vertically extends and the top end of the measuring arm is fixed at the other end of the connecting arm. And a sensor is arranged at the bottom end of the measuring arm. During measurement, the rotating shaft rotates to a plurality of preset angles, the sensor measures the radial distance between the sensing end of the sensor and the circumferential surface of the measured circular component at each angle position, so as to calculate the multipoint radius of the measured circular component, and the roundness value is calculated through the multipoint radius value.
However, due to the large size of the circular member, the connecting arm is generally long, and it is difficult to maintain the horizontal posture due to factors such as deflection, so that the measuring arm is difficult to maintain in the vertical posture, and finally, the sensing direction of the sensor may not be in the radial direction of the circular member, and the measured distance is not the radial distance. Therefore, in order to ensure accurate data, the angle calibration of the circle measuring frame is required before each measuring point is measured, and the operation is very complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a roundness measuring system which can prevent the angle deviation of a roundness measuring frame from affecting roundness measuring accuracy in a simpler way.
A further object of the invention is to expand the applicability of roundness measuring systems.
In particular, the present invention provides a roundness measurement system including:
the circle measuring frame comprises a rotating shaft which vertically extends and is coaxially arranged with the round part to be measured, a connecting arm which horizontally extends and is fixedly connected with the point a at the top end of the rotating shaft, and a measuring arm which vertically extends and is fixedly connected with the point b at the top end of the connecting arm;
the distance sensing device is fixedly connected to a point c at the bottom of the measuring arm, the sensing direction of the sensing end is parallel to the connecting arm, and when the sensing end rotates to each preset angle along with the measuring arm around the central axis of the rotating shaft, the distance M between the sensing end and the surface of the round part to be measured in the sensing direction is detected;
the inclination angle sensing device is arranged on the connecting arm or the measuring arm and is used for sensing the inclination angle theta of the connecting arm relative to the horizontal plane during actual measurement of the side;
the data acquisition and conditioning device is communicated with the distance sensing device and the inclination angle sensing device in a preset mode so as to acquire and condition detection signals of the distance sensing device and the inclination angle sensing device to form detection data; and
the data processing device is communicated with the data acquisition and conditioning device in a preset mode so as to receive detection data, and the detection data are transmitted to the data acquisition and conditioning device according to the distance L between the point a and the point b 1 Distance L between point b and point c 2 Distance L of sensing end from point c 3 And under each preset angle, calculating the radial distance N between the sensing end and the surface of the round part to be measured when the connecting arm is in a horizontal state, and calculating the roundness value of the round part to be measured according to N by utilizing a preset program.
Optionally, the data processing device calculates N according to the following formula: n=l 1 (1-cosθ)+Mcosθ+L 3 (cosθ-1)+L 2 sinθ。
Optionally, the distance sensing device is a non-contact displacement sensor.
Optionally, the tilt sensing device and the measuring arm are connected to the same end of the connecting arm.
Optionally, the circle testing stand further includes: the positioning base is used for coaxially positioning the circular component to be tested, the central axis of the positioning base extends along the vertical direction and is provided with a plurality of positioning holes which are rotationally symmetrical relative to the central axis, the rotating shaft and the positioning base are coaxially arranged on the positioning base and can rotate around the central axis of the positioning base, and the rotating shaft is provided with a positioning pin capable of moving up and down; and a motor for directly or indirectly driving the rotation shaft to rotate in a controlled manner; and the circle measuring frame is configured to: the rotating shaft is manually rotated, and when the rotating shaft rotates to an angle enabling the locating pin to be opposite to a preset locating hole, the locating pin is downwards moved to be inserted into the locating hole, so that the rotating shaft is prevented from rotating, and the distance M between the rotating shaft and the surface of the round part to be detected is detected by the distance sensing device; or the positioning pin is kept at a position separated from the positioning hole, so that the motor is operated to drive the measuring arm to continuously rotate, and the distance sensing device is used for continuously detecting the distance M between the measuring arm and the surface of the measured circular component.
Optionally, the circle testing stand further includes: an electric lock which locks the positioning pin in a controlled manner after the positioning pin moves away from the positioning hole; and the elastic element is used for applying downward elastic pretightening force to the positioning pin after the positioning pin is locked so as to promote the positioning pin to move downwards to be inserted into the positioning hole after the electric lock is unlocked.
Optionally, the rotating shaft and the connecting arm are respectively provided with a limiting hole through which the positioning pin passes; the elastic element is a pressure spring sleeved on the positioning pin, the upper end of the elastic element is propped against the bottom surface of the connecting arm, and the lower end of the elastic element is propped against the top surface of the shaft shoulder of the positioning pin; the top of the locating pin is provided with a lock hole with an axis extending horizontally; and the electric lock is arranged on the connecting arm and comprises a lock pin which can be driven to move horizontally so as to lock and unlock the positioning pin by inserting or separating the lock pin from the lock hole.
Optionally, the circle testing stand further includes: a pull rope connected to the top end of the positioning pin; and the fixed pulley is arranged on the connecting arm, so that the stay cord extends downwards after bypassing the fixed pulley, and the stay cord is pulled downwards below the circle measuring frame to drive the locating pin to move.
Optionally, the positioning base comprises a sleeve vertically arranged and a first gear coaxially fixed at the top of the sleeve, and the plurality of positioning holes are formed in the end face of the first gear; the lower end of the rotating shaft is rotatably inserted into the sleeve; and the motor is vertically arranged and fixed on the connecting arm, and a second gear meshed with the first gear is arranged on the output shaft of the motor, so that the second gear drives the motor to rotate around the first gear when the motor operates, and the motor drives the connecting arm to rotate.
Optionally, the circle testing stand further includes: a plurality of support rods, the upper end of each support rod supporting a connecting arm; the arc-shaped sliding hoops are connected with the lower end of each supporting rod and surround the cylindrical outer surface of the positioning base at intervals, a plurality of openings are formed in the arc-shaped sliding hoops, and each opening is provided with a roller, so that the rollers roll on the cylindrical outer surface of the positioning base when the connecting arm drives the supporting rods and the arc-shaped sliding hoops to rotate.
When the roundness measuring system of the invention is actually operated, the inclination angle of the connecting arm relative to the horizontal plane is sensed by utilizing the inclination angle sensing device, and the distance between the sensing end of the distance sensing device and the surface of the round part to be measured in the sensing direction is directly detected. According to the inclination angle, the distance and some fixed parameters of the circle measuring frame, when the connecting arm and the measuring arm are in a designed posture (the connecting arm extends horizontally and the measuring arm extends vertically) according to a preset formula, the radial distance between the sensing end and the surface of the circular part to be measured is calculated, and therefore the roundness can be accurately calculated. In other words, even if the connecting arm and the measuring arm of the circle measuring frame are not in the designed posture due to various factors such as deflection, the roundness can be accurately measured without angle calibration, and the workload of measuring staff is greatly reduced.
Furthermore, the roundness measuring system provided by the invention has a manual measuring mode and an automatic measuring mode, so that a user can select according to different measuring requirements, and the roundness measuring system is wide in application range. The measuring points in the manual measuring mode can be selected by oneself, the number of the measuring points is small, and the speed is high. In the automatic measurement mode, the distance sensing device is driven by the motor to continuously rotate, the circular part is continuously measured, and finally the outline of the whole circumference is obtained, so that the roundness calculation value is more accurate, the degree of automation is high, and the operation is convenient. By adopting the roundness measuring system, various types of roundness measuring devices are not required to be designed, manufactured, carried and operated according to different round parts, the cost of each link is reduced, and great convenience is brought to measuring staff.
Further, the roundness measuring system of the present invention is provided with the positioning pins and the plurality of positioning holes distributed along the circumferential direction of the positioning base. In the manual measurement mode, when each measuring point is measured, the positioning pin is inserted into one positioning hole so as to restrict the rotation freedom degree of the rotating shaft, the measuring arm can not rotate, and the measurement result is more accurate. Moreover, because the angle of each positioning hole is designed in advance, the measuring personnel can conveniently determine the angle position of each measuring point.
Furthermore, the roundness measuring system is convenient for measuring staff to remotely control the positioning pin under the roundness measuring frame through structures such as the electric lock, the elastic element, the stay cord, the fixed pulley and the like. It is very convenient to measure the round parts with higher installation positions. Some components in a hydropower device are up to a height of more than ten meters from the ground.
Furthermore, the roundness measuring system is provided with the supporting rod and the arc-shaped sliding hoop, so that the supporting of the connecting arm is realized, the connecting arm is prevented from being greatly deformed in a bending way, the rotation of the connecting arm is not influenced, and the design is very ingenious. In addition, the invention also enables the connection point of the supporting rod and the connecting arm to be adjustable, and also enables the length of the supporting rod to be adjustable, thus being convenient for adjusting the position of the connecting arm by adjusting the length of the supporting rod and the position of the connection point of the supporting rod and the connecting arm, and leading the position of the connecting arm to be always kept in a horizontal posture.
The above, as well as additional objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or portions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a roundness measurement system of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the operational state of a circle stand and a distance sensing device of the roundness measurement system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a circle measuring frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the circle measuring frame shown in FIG. 3 after the positioning pin is moved down and inserted into a positioning hole;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view at a of fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a roundness measuring system for measuring the roundness of a round part, which is particularly suitable for measuring the roundness of various round rotating shaft parts in hydroelectric power generation equipment.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a roundness measurement system of one embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic view showing an operation state of a circle measuring frame and a distance sensing device of the roundness measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the roundness measurement system may generally include a roundness measuring rack 10, a distance sensing device 20, a data acquisition and conditioning device 30, a data processing device 40, and an inclination sensing device 70.
The circle measuring stand 10 is used for installing the distance sensing device 20, and can drive the distance sensing device 20 to rotate around the circle part 60 to be measured through manual operation or motor driving. Specifically, as shown in the dotted line portion in fig. 2, the circle stand 10 includes a rotation shaft 200, a connection arm 400, and a measurement arm 600. The rotation shaft 200 extends in the vertical direction and is disposed coaxially with the circular member 60 to be measured. The connecting arm 400 extends along the horizontal direction and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 200, and the connection point is denoted as point a. The measuring arm 600 extends in a vertical direction and is fixedly connected to the connecting arm 400 at the top end, the connection point being denoted as point b.
The distance sensing device 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the measuring arm 600, the connection point being denoted as point c. There is a gap between the sensing end (denoted as d-end) of the distance sensing device 20 and the circumferential surface of the measured circular member 60, the sensing direction of which is parallel to the connecting arm 400, i.e. along the radial direction of the measured circular member 60.
The dashed lines of fig. 2 illustrate the horizontal extension of the connecting arm 400, the vertical extension of the measuring arm 600 and the ideal design posture of the sensing direction of the distance sensing device 20 in the horizontal direction.
The roundness measuring system is ideally operated by the rotation shaft 200 driving the connecting arm 400 to rotate around the central axis of the measured circular member 60 (i.e. around the X-axis) to drive the measuring arm 600 to rotate, thereby driving the distanceThe proximity sensing apparatus 20 rotates about the X-axis. When the distance sensing device 20 rotates to a plurality of preset angles, a radial distance N between the distance sensing device and the circumferential surface of the measured circular member 60 is detected at each angle, and the radial direction refers to the radial direction of the measured circular member 60. N is the distance of the sensing end d from the point f on the circumferential surface of the measured circular member 60, and the line of df is parallel to ab. Finally, a plurality of N values (i angles are detected, and i N values are obtained) which are the same as the number of the measuring points are obtained. By calculating the N value of each measuring point of the measured circular member 60, the radius value (L of each point can be calculated ar ＝L 1 -L 3 -N), by means of the radius of each point, the roundness value can be finally calculated.
However, since the connecting arm 400 has a long length, it is easy to generate flexural deformation to sink the b-end thereof. Or because of other factors that cause the connecting arm 400 to tilt out of level, tilting the measuring arm 600 accordingly eventually causes the sensing direction of the sensing end of the distance sensing device 20 to no longer be parallel to the radial direction of the circular component 60 being measured. The solid line portion of fig. 2 illustrates the case where the connection arm 400, the measurement arm 600, and the distance sensing device 20 deviate from the ideal design posture due to the inclination, which is called the actual working posture. At this time, the point b, the point c and the point d are respectively rotated to the point b 1 、c 1 And d 1 Position.
When the connection arm 400, the measurement arm 600 and the distance sensing device 20 are in the actual working posture for measurement, the measurement personnel does not need to perform angle calibration on each component, but the distance sensing device 20 detects the sensing end (d 1 End) is spaced from the surface of the circular part 60 to be measured in the sensing direction by a distance M. M is the sensing end d 1 End distance measurement circular member 60 has its circumferential surface f 1 Distance of points d 1 f 1 Is parallel to ab 1 . Then, the distance sensing device 20 forms a corresponding detection signal including at least information of the angle and the pitch value corresponding to the angle. The distance sensing device 20 may be a non-contact displacement sensor, such as a non-contact eddy current displacement sensor.
The inclination angle sensing device 70 is mounted on the connecting arm 400 or the measuring arm 600, and is used for sensing the inclination angle of the connecting arm 400 relative to the horizontal plane during actual measurement, and recording as θ, and forming corresponding detection signals. The inclination sensing device 70 and the measuring arm 600 may be connected to the same end of the connecting arm 400 so that it more precisely senses the inclination. The tilt sensing device 70 may be a level gauge. The data acquisition and conditioning device 30 communicates with the distance sensing device 20 and the inclination sensing device 70 in a preset manner to acquire and condition detection signals generated by the distance sensing device 20 and the inclination sensing device 70 to form detection data. The data acquisition and conditioning device 30 acquires the detection signal through the Ethernet port, and inputs the detection signal into the acquisition module after conditioning for reading and analysis by the data processing device 40. The data acquisition and conditioning device 30 may include a sensor front end power module, a sensor analog signal input module, and a data acquisition module.
The data processing device 40 communicates with the data acquisition and conditioning device 30 in a preset manner to receive the detection data thereof according to the distance L between the point a and the point b 1 Distance L between point b and point c 2 Distance L of sensing end from point c 3 And M and θ, the radial distance N between the sensing end and the surface of the measured circular member 60 is calculated when the connecting arm 400 is in a horizontal state (ideal design posture) at each preset angle.
The data processing device 40 is provided with a preset program designed according to a prescribed roundness error evaluation method, which calculates the multipoint radius of the measured circular member 60 from the above-described plurality of N values, thereby finally calculating the roundness value, and outputting the final result. The digital information processing device may be a computer, and the preset program may be software installed on the computer. There are 4 main methods for roundness error assessment, including a least-squares method, a least-circumscribed-circles method, and a maximum inscribed-circles method, which all belong to standards and specifications in the roundness measurement field, and are not described in detail herein.
In some embodiments, N is calculated using the following formula:
N＝L 1 (1-cosθ)+Mcosθ+L 3 (cosθ-1)+L 2 sinθ。
obviously, the value range of theta is more than or equal to 0 degrees.
The followingThe derivation of the above formula is described. As shown in FIG. 2, f 1 e is ab 1 P and r are each f 1 f extension line and ab 1 And ab.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, L ap ＝L 1 -(M+L 3 )-L pe 。
Wherein L is pe ＝L 2 tanθ，L ar ＝L ap cos θ. From this, n=l 1 -L ar -L 3
＝L 1 -L ap cosθ-L 3
＝L 1 -(L 1 -M-L 3 -L 2 tanθ)cosθ-L 3
＝L 1 (1-cosθ)+M cosθ+L 3 (cosθ-1)+L 2 sinθ。
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a circle stand 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic view of the circle measuring rack 10 shown in fig. 3 after the positioning pin 310 is moved down and inserted into one positioning hole 121; fig. 5 is an enlarged view at a of fig. 4. The structure of the circle stand 10 of the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to fig. 3 to 5.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, the circle stand 10 further includes a positioning base 100 and a motor 510.
The central axis of the positioning base 100 extends along the vertical direction, and the positioning base 100 is used for coaxially positioning with the circular component 60 to be measured (the axis of which also extends vertically during measurement), and the central axes of the positioning base and the circular component are denoted by an X axis. The coaxial positioning herein refers to that when the circle measuring stand 10 is in operation, the position of the positioning base 100 is fixed, and does not move or rotate relative to the circular member 60 to be measured, and the positioning base 100 needs to be coaxial with the circular member 60 to be measured (theoretically, it is difficult to ensure that 100% of the coaxial is also not required in actual testing). The positioning base 100 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes 121 rotationally symmetrical with respect to the central axis (X axis). In other words, the plurality of positioning holes 121 are distributed on a distribution circle, and the center of the distribution circle falls on the X-axis.
The rotation shaft 200 is coaxially mounted to the positioning base 100 and is rotatable about the central axis (X axis) of the positioning base 100. The rotation shaft 200 is provided with a positioning pin 310 that can move up and down.
The motor 510 is used to controllably directly or indirectly drive the rotation shaft 200 to rotate about the X-axis. The measuring arm 600 may be provided with a plurality of mounting holes in a length direction so that the distance sensing device 20 has a plurality of mounting positions. The fixed position of the top end of the measuring arm 600 and the connecting arm 400 can also be adjusted. Specifically, referring to FIG. 1, the top end of the measuring arm 600 may be attached to a clamp 610, the clamp 610 having a "U" shaped configuration to clamp onto the connecting arm 400. The clamping member 610 is mounted with a tightening screw 620. After the tip of the measuring arm 600 is adjusted to a certain connection position, the fastening screw is tightened so that the end of the fastening screw 620 is tightly abutted against the surface of the connecting arm 400, so that the tip of the measuring arm 600 is locked.
When a measurer applies the circle measuring frame 10 of the present embodiment to measure the roundness of a product, one of the following two measurement modes can be selected according to different measurement requirements.
(1) Manual measurement mode
The measuring personnel preset the number of measuring points and the positions of the measuring points of the circular component, and then detect the circular component one by one. Each measurement point is at the same angle as one of the positioning holes 121, which are called preset positioning holes.
The motor 510 is kept in a closed state, and the measurer manually operates the rotation shaft 200, the connection arm 400, or the measuring arm 600 to rotate about the X-axis. Each time the positioning pin 310 is rotated to an angle opposite to a predetermined positioning hole 121, the positioning pin 310 is downwardly moved to be inserted into the positioning hole 121, so that the rotation of the rotation shaft 200 is inhibited, referring to fig. 3. The measuring person can perform a single point measurement on the measured circular member 60, that is, the distance sensing device 20 detects the distance M between the measuring point and the circumferential surface of the measured circular member 60. After the measurement of the first measurement point is completed, the positioning pin 310 is moved upward and out of the positioning hole 121, referring to fig. 1. And then, continuing to rotate the operation shaft 200, when the rotation shaft rotates to an angle enabling the positioning pin 310 to be opposite to the second preset positioning hole 121, enabling the positioning pin 310 to be inserted into the positioning hole 121, and then performing second single-point measurement. Repeating the operation for a plurality of times, and completing the measurement of a plurality of measuring points.
The measuring points in the manual measuring mode can be selected by oneself, the number of the measuring points is small, and the speed is high. The positioning pin 310 and the positioning hole 121 are used for restraining the rotation freedom degree of the rotating shaft 200, so that the measuring arm 600 cannot rotate, and the measuring result is more accurate. Moreover, the angle of each positioning hole 121 can be designed and marked in advance, so that the measuring personnel can conveniently determine the angle position of each measuring point. Preferably, a plurality of positioning holes 121 are uniformly distributed on the distribution circle, and a plurality of positioning holes 121 are arranged, wherein the adjacent positioning holes 121 are separated by an angle of 360 degrees/a.
(2) Automatic measurement mode
The positioning pin 310 is always kept at the position separated from the positioning hole 121 as shown in fig. 1, the motor 510 is started, the motor 510 is operated to drive the measuring arm 600 to continuously rotate, and the distance sensing device 20 continuously detects the distance M between the measuring arm and the surface of the circular part 60 to be measured. The radius value of the whole circumference can be finally obtained through the continuous detection, and a circumference outline can be drawn, so that the roundness calculation value is more accurate. And the degree of automation is higher without manual operation of a measuring staff, and the influence on the measurement accuracy caused by unnecessary displacement of the distance sensing device 20 due to improper operation of the human hand can be avoided.
By adopting the circle measuring frame provided by the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of kinds of circle measuring devices do not need to be designed, manufactured, carried and operated according to different round parts. The cost of each link is reduced, and great convenience is brought to measuring staff. The method is very suitable for large industrial equipment with various types of circular parts and different measurement requirements like hydroelectric power generation equipment.
When the measured circular component 60 is not particularly critical to roundness, only coarse or generally accurate measurements of roundness are required, and a manual measurement mode is selected. Manual measurement modes may also be selected when it is desired to focus on measuring certain critical points.
When the measured circular component 60 has high roundness requirement and needs to measure the roundness more accurately, an automatic measurement mode can be adopted, so that the automation level and the roundness measurement precision are improved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3-5, the circle stand 10 further includes a motorized lock 350 and a resilient element 320. After the positioning pin 310 is moved up and out of the positioning hole 121, the electric lock 350 controllably locks the positioning pin 310 so as not to be moved. After the positioning pin 310 is locked by the electric lock 350, the elastic member 320 applies a downward elastic pre-tightening force to the positioning pin 310. After the electric lock 350 is unlocked, the elastic pre-tightening force urges the positioning pin 310 to move down and insert into the positioning hole 121, which makes it easy to design the force application structure by only a measurer exerting an upward force on the positioning pin 310. As shown in fig. 5, the rotating shaft 200 and the connecting arm 400 are respectively provided with a limiting hole through which the positioning pin 310 passes, namely a limiting hole 201 and a limiting hole 401. The elastic element 320 is a compression spring sleeved on the positioning pin 310, the upper end of the elastic element abuts against the bottom surface of the connecting arm 400, and the lower end of the elastic element abuts against the top surface of the shaft shoulder 311 of the positioning pin 310. The top of the positioning pin 310 is provided with a lock hole 315 with an axis extending horizontally. The electric lock 350 is mounted to the connection arm 400 and includes a lock pin 355 that can be driven to move horizontally so as to lock and unlock the positioning pin 310 by driving the lock pin 355 to be inserted into or separated from the lock hole 315. The electric lock 350 is widely used in the prior art, and the specific structure thereof will not be described herein.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the circle stand 10 further includes a pull cord 340 and at least one fixed pulley 330. A pull cord 340 is attached to the top end of the locating pin 310. Fixed pulleys 330 are mounted to the connecting arm 400, and may be one or more in number, for example, three. The pull rope 340 extends downwards after bypassing the fixed pulley 330, and when the pull rope 340 moves, the fixed pulley 330 is driven to rotate. This facilitates upward movement of the locating pin 310 by pulling the pull cord 340 downward under the circle stand 10. In hydropower plants, some circular parts have a high height from the ground, up to several meters or even more than ten meters. The embodiment of the invention is convenient for remote control of the positioning pin 310 by the pull rope 340, and is very suitable for measuring round parts with higher installation positions.
In addition, the electric lock 350 may also be remotely controlled. As shown, for example, in fig. 3 and 5, the electric lock 350 is made to include a signal line 351. The signal line 351 extends under the circle stand 10 in a bundle with the string so that its tip reaches the end of the string 340. The end of the signal line 351 is connected with a control switch part 352, and the control switch part 352 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the electric lock 350. Of course, in some alternative embodiments, a remote control or other means of wireless communication may be provided to control the motorized lock 350.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the circle stand 10 further includes a plurality of support bars 710 and an arcuate sliding collar 720. The upper end of each support rod 710 supports the connection arm 400 and the lower end is connected to the arc-shaped sliding collar 720. At least a portion of the outer surface of the positioning base 100 is a cylindrical outer surface. The arc-shaped sliding collar 720 surrounds the cylindrical outer surface of the positioning base 100 at a distance therefrom, and the arc-shaped sliding collar 720 is provided with a plurality of openings 721, one roller 730 being mounted at each opening 721. The roller 730 rolls on the cylindrical outer surface of the positioning base 100 as the connecting arm 400 rotates the support rod 710 and the arc-shaped sliding collar 720.
Specifically, the top end of each support rod 710 may be fixed to the connecting arm 400, and the connection point between the two may be adjusted to different positions along the length direction of the connecting arm 400. As shown in fig. 3, the top end of the support rod 710 is connected to a clamping member 760, and the clamping member 760 has a "U" shape to be clamped to the connecting arm 400. The clamping member 760 is mounted with a tightening screw 740. After the tip of the support rod 710 is adjusted to a certain connection position, the fastening screw 740 is tightened so that the end of the fastening screw 740 is tightly abutted against the surface of the connection arm 400, so that the tip of the support rod 710 is locked. Each support rod 710 includes a bidirectional screw sleeve 711 having internal threads formed at both ends thereof and two screws 712 respectively screwed at both ends of the bidirectional screw sleeve 711 so as to adjust the length of the support rod 710 by adjusting the screw depth of at least one screw 712.
By arranging the support rod 710 and the arc-shaped sliding hoop 720, the support of the connecting arm 400 is realized, the excessive deflection deformation of the connecting arm is avoided, the rotation of the connecting arm 400 is not influenced, and the design is very ingenious. In addition, the connection point of the support rod 710 to the connection arm 400 is made adjustable, and the length of the support rod 710 is made adjustable, so that the position of the connection arm 400 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the support rod 710 and the position of the connection point with the connection arm 400, so that the connection arm is always kept in a horizontal posture, and the measurement is more accurate.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the positioning base 100 includes a sleeve 110 and a first gear 120. The sleeve 110 is vertically disposed (its axis is the aforementioned X axis). The first gear 120 is fixed to the top of the sleeve 110 and is disposed coaxially with the sleeve 110. The positioning holes 121 are formed on the end surface of the first gear 120. The rotation shaft 200 may have a cylindrical structure, and a lower end thereof is rotatably inserted into the sleeve 110 to achieve rotatable connection of the two. The motor 510 is vertically disposed (i.e., an output shaft of the motor 510 vertically extends) and is fixed to the connection arm 400. The second gear 520 is mounted on the output shaft of the motor 510, and the second gear 520 is engaged with the first gear 120, so that when the motor 510 is operated, the second gear 520 rotates around the first gear 120 with the motor 510, thereby rotating the connecting arm 400 by the motor 510. The diameter of the second gear 520 is smaller than that of the first gear 120 to achieve the purpose of deceleration. Of course, in some alternative embodiments, the output shaft of the motor 510 may be directly connected to the rotating shaft 200 to directly drive the rotating shaft 200.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the circle stand 10 further includes a weight 800. So that the stress of the connecting arms 400 at the two sides of the rotation axis is balanced, the connecting arms 400 can better maintain the horizontal posture, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The balancing weight 800 and the measuring arm 600 are respectively installed at two ends of the connecting arm 400, and the motor 510 may be disposed at the same side of the measuring arm 600.
The end of the connecting arm 400 may be provided with a screw shaft 410, and a plurality of ring-shaped weights 800 may be provided, the number of weights 800 may be determined as required, which is fitted over the screw shaft 410, and then nuts 810 may be screwed onto the screw shaft 410 to lock the positions of the weights 800.
By now it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein in detail, many other variations or modifications of the invention consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly ascertained or inferred from the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be understood and deemed to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (9)
1. A roundness measurement system, characterized by comprising:
the circle measuring frame comprises a rotating shaft which vertically extends and is coaxially arranged with the round part to be measured, a connecting arm which horizontally extends and is fixedly connected with the point a at the top end of the rotating shaft, and a measuring arm which vertically extends and is fixedly connected with the point b at the top end of the connecting arm;
the distance sensing device is fixedly connected to a point c at the bottom of the measuring arm, the sensing direction of the sensing end is parallel to the connecting arm, and the distance M between the sensing end and the surface of the measured circular component in the sensing direction is detected when the sensing end rotates to each preset angle along with the measuring arm around the central axis of the rotating shaft;
the inclination angle sensing device is arranged on the connecting arm or the measuring arm and is used for sensing the inclination angle theta of the connecting arm relative to the horizontal plane during actual measurement of the side;
the data acquisition and conditioning device is communicated with the distance sensing device and the inclination angle sensing device in a preset mode so as to acquire and condition detection signals of the distance sensing device and the inclination angle sensing device to form detection data; and
the data processing device is communicated with the data acquisition and conditioning device in a preset mode so as to receive the detection data, and the detection data are transmitted to the data acquisition and conditioning device according to the distance L between the point a and the point b 1 Distance L between point b and point c 2 Distance L of the sensing end from point c 3 Calculating the radial distance N between the sensing end and the surface of the round part to be measured when the connecting arm is in a horizontal state at each preset angle, and calculating the roundness value of the round part to be measured according to a plurality of N values by using a preset program; and is also provided with
The data processing device calculates N according to the following formula:
N＝L 1 (1-cosθ)+Mcosθ+L 3 (cosθ-1)+L 2 sinθ。
2. the roundness measurement system of claim 1, wherein,
the distance sensing device is a non-contact displacement sensor.
3. The roundness measurement system of claim 1, wherein,
the inclination angle sensing device and the measuring arm are connected to the same end of the connecting arm.
4. The roundness measurement system of claim 1, wherein the roundness measurement rack further comprises:
the positioning base is used for coaxially positioning the circular component to be tested, the central axis of the positioning base extends along the vertical direction and is provided with a plurality of positioning holes which are rotationally symmetrical relative to the central axis, the rotating shaft and the positioning base are coaxially arranged on the positioning base and can rotate around the central axis of the positioning base, and the rotating shaft is provided with a positioning pin capable of moving up and down; and
the motor is used for directly or indirectly driving the rotating shaft to rotate in a controlled manner; and the circle stand is configured to:
manually rotating the rotating shaft, and enabling the positioning pin to be downwards inserted into the positioning hole when the rotating shaft rotates to an angle enabling the positioning pin to be opposite to the preset positioning hole, so that the rotating shaft is prevented from rotating, and the distance sensing device detects the distance M between the rotating shaft and the surface of the round part to be detected; or (b)
And the positioning pin is kept at a position separated from the positioning hole, so that the motor is operated to drive the measuring arm to continuously rotate, and the distance sensing device continuously detects the distance M between the measuring arm and the surface of the measured circular part.
5. The roundness measurement system of claim 4, wherein the roundness measurement rack further comprises:
an electric lock which controllably locks the positioning pin after the positioning pin moves out of the positioning hole;
and the elastic element is used for applying downward elastic pretightening force to the positioning pin after the positioning pin is locked so as to promote the positioning pin to move downwards and insert into the positioning hole after the electric lock is unlocked.
6. The roundness measurement system of claim 5, wherein,
the rotating shaft and the connecting arm are respectively provided with a limiting hole through which the locating pin passes;
the elastic element is a pressure spring sleeved on the positioning pin, the upper end of the elastic element is propped against the bottom surface of the connecting arm, and the lower end of the elastic element is propped against the top surface of the shaft shoulder of the positioning pin;
the top of the locating pin is provided with a lock hole with an axis extending horizontally; and is also provided with
The electric lock is mounted on the connecting arm and comprises a lock pin which can be driven to move horizontally so as to lock and unlock the positioning pin by inserting or separating the lock pin into or from the lock hole.
7. The roundness measurement system of claim 5, wherein the roundness measurement rack further comprises:
a pull rope connected to the top end of the positioning pin; and
and the fixed pulley is arranged on the connecting arm, so that the pull rope bypasses the fixed pulley and then extends downwards, and the pull rope is pulled downwards below the circle measuring frame to drive the positioning pin to move.
8. The roundness measurement system of claim 4, wherein,
the positioning base comprises a sleeve arranged vertically and a first gear coaxially fixed at the top of the sleeve with the sleeve, and the plurality of positioning holes are formed in the end face of the first gear;
the lower end of the rotating shaft is rotatably inserted into the sleeve; and is also provided with
The motor is vertically arranged and fixed on the connecting arm, and a second gear meshed with the first gear is arranged on an output shaft of the motor, so that the second gear drives the motor to rotate around the first gear when the motor operates, and the motor drives the connecting arm to rotate.
9. The roundness measurement system of claim 4, wherein the roundness measurement rack further comprises:
a plurality of support bars, the upper end of each support bar supporting the connection arm;
an arc-shaped sliding hoop connected with the lower end of each supporting rod and surrounding the cylindrical outer surface of the positioning base at intervals, and
the arc-shaped sliding hoops are provided with a plurality of openings, and each opening is provided with a roller, so that when the connecting arm drives the supporting rod and the arc-shaped sliding hoops to rotate, the rollers roll on the cylindrical outer surface of the positioning base.
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| CN201910376406.2A CN110044315B (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2019-05-07 | Roundness measuring system |
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| CN110470243B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-11-27 | 贵阳新天光电科技有限公司 | Non-contact sensor-based workpiece-biasable inner circle measurement method and device |
| CN110375698B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-12-04 | 河南科技大学 | Inner hole roundness in-situ measurement method based on parameter identification |
| CN110470242B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-11-27 | 贵阳新天光电科技有限公司 | Device and method for measuring roundness of inner hole of large part in situ |
| CN114688946B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2024-04-16 | 重庆水轮机厂有限责任公司 | Detection method for water guide mechanism of hydraulic generator |
| CN113318392B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-09-27 | 成都拟合未来科技有限公司 | System and method for acquiring position of support arm of intelligent fitness equipment |
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