CN1100408C - 用于均衡在分布式天线网络中传输路径的延迟时间的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于均衡在分布式天线网络中传输路径的延迟时间的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1100408C
CN1100408C CN97197851A CN97197851A CN1100408C CN 1100408 C CN1100408 C CN 1100408C CN 97197851 A CN97197851 A CN 97197851A CN 97197851 A CN97197851 A CN 97197851A CN 1100408 C CN1100408 C CN 1100408C
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delay
remote antenna
antenna unit
time
communication system
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CN1230311A (zh
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A·奈杜
J·胡夫曼
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Clastres LLC
WIRELESS PLANET LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0891—Space-time diversity
    • H04B7/0894—Space-time diversity using different delays between antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

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Abstract

提供一种用于均衡在分布式天线网络中的传输路径的延迟的通信系统和方法。该分布式天线网络包括：一组远程天线单元，通过传输媒体连接到这些远程天线单元的中央单元或基地台，其中该基地台与一个远程天线单元之间的每个连接形成具有相关延迟时间的分立传输路径；延迟检测器，用于确定每个远程天线单元的分立传输路径的相关延迟时间；和延迟补偿器，用于根据延迟检测器调整这些相关延迟时间，从而实际上均衡所有这些相关延迟时间。该系统和方法使得在安装时设置整个网络的延迟参数，然后周期性地更新，无需操作员的实际干预。该检测和补偿使得能均衡在通常系统和方法的移动台的基地台中不能补偿的延迟时间差别。而且，该均衡同步了脉冲串，从而加强了由该远程天线单元服务的小区之间的空间帧定时，并改善之间的越区切换性能。

Description

用于均衡在分布式天线网络中传输路径 的延迟时间的系统和方法
                       背景技术
本发明是针对用于均衡传输路径的延迟时间的系统和方法，通过传输媒体这些传输路径连接在分布式天线网络中的一组远程天线单元。更具体地说，本发明是针对与每个分立的传输路径相联系的延迟参数，该分立的传输路径将远程天线单元连接到中央单元或基地台，然后调整每个传输路径的延迟时间，从而均衡所有的远程天线单元的延迟时间。因为这些远程天线单元通过不同种类的传输媒体和不同的分立传输路径物理地连接到中央单元或基地台，这些连接可能产生超过通常系统的补偿能力的符号间干扰。本发明的系统和方法主动地补偿这些延迟时间，而无需任何人工干预。本发明还同步了脉冲串，从而增强了由这些天线单元服务的小区之间的空间帧定时，并改善了它们之间的越区切换性能。
作为蜂窝电话技术的下一代的个人通信业务(PCS)，正在研究开发用于简化和有效地发送和接收通信信号的系统和技术。一种已知的系统是分布式天线网络(也称为传播网络)，通过一组远程天线单元提供对基本区的覆盖范围。例如图1中所示的分布式天线网络，由在收发机单元10和小区201…20n之间传送无线电信号的传输媒体30，将单独的收发机10连接到一组小区201…20n。小区201…20n的每个包括远程天线单元211…21n。通过对于某些应用的频率转换电路221…22n将远程天线单元211…21n连接到传输媒体30。
正在开发各种基础设施，很有意义的是把现有基础设施的修改作为PCS，因为它们完全能够以比传统蜂窝基础设施低的成本来提供高质量的信号。例如，已经修改了CATV基础设施用于PCS中。这些修改包括采用混合光纤/同轴(HFC)电缆基础设施的CATV基础设施，以增加容量和改善服务质量。虽然在理论上任何CATV设施都能以适当的修改支援PCS，对于寻求避免高成本网络建设的无线提供者来说，作为一种经济的分案，该HFC电缆基础设施提供了很有吸引力的选择。
图2表示用于支援PCS的CATV基础设施的基本部件。在图2中，将基地台设备501和502连接到诸如公用交换电话网络等的公用网络。远程天线信号处理器(RASPS)521和522将基地台设备501和502连接到光纤设备54。通过光纤56将该光纤设备54，连接到光纤节点58，通过双向同轴电缆60将该光纤节点58连接到远程天线驱动器(RAD)节点621和622。该RAD节点621和622每个包括分别连接到天线681和682，701和702的一组RADs 641和642，661和662。这个CATV基础设施将射频信号变换到能够用在现有CATV基础设施的CATV频率信号，并将CATV频率信号变换回到用于广播的射频信号。更具体地说，该RASPs 521和522转换来自基地台设备501和502的射频信号，然后将该转换的信号在下行链路路径中发送到适当的光纤节点58，并到同轴电缆60。
将RADs 641和642，661和662连接到同轴电缆60，用于将CATV频率信号变换为指定的射频信号。可由RADS 641和642，661和662接收射频信号。并将这些信号变换为适于在该CATV基础设施的上行链路路径中传输的频率信号。然后，RASPs 521和522将该上行CATV频率信号变换为射频信号，以便由基地台设备501和502进行处理。这个CATV基础设施还可容纳用于多重调制设计的设备，比如时分多址(TDMA)，码分多址(CDMA)和频分多址(FDMA)。
通过开动在城区可广泛得到的光纤和同轴电缆上的射频频谱的可利用部分，射频电话系统可利用这个CATV基础设施，使得可利用这个已有基础设施来安装这些系统。通过由这个基础设施分配信号到适当的天线位置，可以用最少的成本有效地利用由CATV操作员所用的光纤和同轴电缆的大量设置基础。然而，在这些分布式天线系统中，信号很可能被多于一个的远程天线单元接收，而且是用数字调制，通常会产生传输问题。因为由在物理上具有分立传输路径的传输媒体将这些远程天线单元连接回到收发机或基地台，通常，由于传输路径的长度和/或传输媒体的种类的变化的时间延迟，将引起传输的问题，它不能由在基地台或移动台上的通常均衡技术进行完全地补偿。
图3一般地表示与传输时间延迟相联系的问题，而该时间延迟是由于在分布式天线网络中的传输路径的变化引起的。将所示的远程天线装置211，212，213，和214分别通过传输路径311，312，313和314连接到传输媒体接口32。收发机单元10可经过这个网络与移动台35通信。如图3中所示，四个传输路径的每一个可具有不同的长度，从而造成了对于这些信号的不同延迟时间。而且，该四个传输路径的每一个可具有不同的传输媒体，从而也影响了延迟时间量。在均衡分布式天线网络中的传输路径的延迟时间所用的所有已知技术都需要以专门的设备进行人工干预。已知的均衡技术的例子包括物理上对传输路径增加额外长度的电缆，从而使较短传输路径的延迟时间都变得等于最长传输路径的延迟时间，和通过使用有源和无源相位滞后电路，表面声波(SAW)延迟装置，或用于缓冲的数字中频级电路，来增加电传输路径的长度。
对于传输路径的这些已知的延迟时间调整技术都包括人工处理，其中使用这种测量的专门设备来测量每一传输路径的延迟时间。在手动测量了传输路径的延迟时间之后，将适当的延迟加到适当的传输路径，使得所有传输路径的延迟时间相等。然而，这些已知的技术产生一些不希望的问题。例如，这些已知均衡技术的每个都要求在测量时停止使用，而且当测到需要之后，对于更新和调整也需停止工作，比如，在修理或改进传输路径之后的任何时间。而且，这些已知的技术没有考虑由于环境的改变(比如温度)在传输媒体特性上的可能变化。因此，不能将该网络对于这些变化进行主动地调整。
Yap等人的美国专利5222162公开了一种使用时间延迟网络的相控阵天线射束控制。在Yap等人的专利中，选择地转接一组级联光时间延迟级来为每个天线设置不同的延迟时间。通过控制访问相控阵的每个天线单元的微波信号的不同延迟时间达到对相控阵天线射束的控制。通过转换单个的级来完成该阵的总延迟，使得将选择级的延迟分支包括在确定天线射束控制的总延迟中。在其一个实施例中，Yap等人公开了使用计算机来选择希望的延迟时间。
Zscheile，Jr的美国专利4417249公开了在相控阵天线系统中的自适应处理器系统，采用相位跟踪环路来消除不需要的接收信号，而让需要的信号不受影响。在第一天线上接收一种不需要的参考信号。接着在系统路径A中处理。在第二天线上接收该信号的反相复制件，通过系统路径B处理。如Zscheile，Jr所公开的，相位跟踪和反馈路径C使在路径B中的信号跟踪和追随在路径A中的不需要信号的相位。进一步，幅度跟踪环D调整衰减器的幅度，以便增加或减少在路径A中的该信号的幅度，使之与路径B中的复制信号的幅度匹配。因此，采用Zschile Jr的系统，有效地消除了与路径B中的复制信号反相的路径A中的不需要参考信号。
Ikegami等人的美国专利公开了一种数字通信系统，包括发射机和接收机两个分支，其中一个分支包括一个延迟电路，用于确保两个分支之间的最佳延迟时间。选择该最佳延迟时间，以获得系统中的最好的误码率。由可用级联延迟电路组成的延迟电路来设置这个最佳延迟时间。
上面讨论的文件，Yap等人的，Zscheile，Jr.的和Ikegami等人的，没有公开任何机构，用于确定连接到阵中每个天线的每个分立传输路径的延迟时间。因此它们不能均衡在变化传输路径中的延迟时间。
                        概述
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于均衡延迟的系统和方法，该延迟是与在分布式天线网络中将一组远程天线单元连接到中央单元或基地台的传输媒体相联系的。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种系统和方法，用于检测远程天线单元的每一分立传输路径的延迟，并根据这个检测调整远程天线单元的延迟因子，从而均衡所有的相关联的延迟时间。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种用在分布式天线网络中的环回机构均衡延迟时间的系统和方法，通过在下行链路路径上将一种脉冲模式等从收发信机发送到远程天线单元来测量往返行程延迟时间的量。然后，对该时间进行计数，直到在上行链路路径上从该环回机构回收到该脉冲模式为止，之后当检测了所有的传输路径时，可更新该网络的延迟参数，无需操作员的任何实际干预。而且，可同步脉冲串，从而加强了由远程天线单元服务的小区之间的空间帧定时，并改善了它们之间的越区切换性能。
根据本发明的一方面，以用于均衡在分布式天线网络中的延迟时间的通信系统和方法达到了上述和其它目的。该系统包括：一组远程天线单元；由传输媒体连接到这些远程天线的中央单元或基地台，其中，在基地台与一个远程天线单元之间的每个连接形成一个具有相关延迟时间的分立传输路径；延迟检测器，用于确定这些分立传输路径的相关延迟时间；延迟比较器，用于响应该延迟检测器调整相关的延迟时间，使得实质上均衡所有的相关延迟时间。该系统和方法使整个网络的延迟参数确立，然后周期地更新，无需操作员的实际干预。该检测和补偿使得均衡了不同的延迟时间，否则在通常系统和方法的基地台或移动台是不能补偿的。
根据本发明的另一实施例，以一种通信系统和方法达到了上述和其它目的，该系统和方法还包括：将预定的脉冲模式发送到每个远程天线单元的环回机构；对在每个远程天线单元的环回机构的上行链路路径上发送该预定脉冲模式所花的时间进行计数。测量每个远程天线单元的往返延迟时间，然后将该延迟时间送回到基地台成中央单元。延迟比较器能够调整延迟参数并均衡所有这些远程天线单元的延迟时间。结果，可以均衡具有不同长度或传输媒体种类的传输路径，可以最小的符号间干扰适当地处理这些信号。
在本发明的另一实施例中，可将延迟检测器设置在中央单元或基地台与远程天线单元之间的传输路径中。实际上，可将延迟检测器设置在中央单元/基地台或远程天线单元上，每种设置具有其相关的优点。
                     附图简述
通过阅读结合附图的这个描述将能更充分地了解本发明，这里是给出一个说明，而不是对本发明的限制，其中：
图1表示通常的分布式天线网络；
图2是支援PCS的已知CATV基础设施的框图；
图3表示在通常的分布式天线网络中的各种传输路径；
图4是表示根据本发明的实施例用于均衡在分布式天线网络中的延迟的系统的框图；
图5是根据本发明的实施例用于一个远程天线单元的环回机构的框图；
图6(a)和(b)是表示由所述环回机构进行的延迟测量的定时图；
图7是表示其中实施本发明的延迟均衡系统的系统基础设施的框图；
图8(a)(b)和(c)表示可用在本发明的实施例中的延迟检测器。
                  详细描述
本发明是针对一种系统和方法，用于主动均衡与分布式天线网络中的中央单元或基地台与远程天线单元之间的传输路径相联系的延迟时间。在分布式天线网络中，通常采用数字调制，通常由多于一个的远程天线单元来接收通信信号，没有适当的均衡补偿时多半会发生符号间干扰。随着将CATV基础设施更广泛地用于蜂窝通信网络，则通信信号的路径对于传输路径的长度和该传输路径所用的媒体的种类将会更广泛地改变。当该长度和传输媒体的种类对于到远程天线单元的每个连接变得显著不同时，对于这些传输路径的每个的延迟时间之间的差别可能增加到这样一点，其产生的符号间干扰超过了在基地台或移动面上的均衡器的补偿能力。因此，本发明的系统和方法根据到分布式天线网络中的所有远程天线的传输路径的每个延迟时间检测来均衡延迟时间。可在设备上以预定的间隔周期地执行这些延迟时间检测，或当系统操作中产生问题时进行这种检测。
本发明还提供了更容易更灵活地调整这些延迟参数的均衡系统和方法，使之在没有操作员的实际干预的情况下可修改它们。
现参看图4，根据本发明的一个实施例表示用于主动地均衡在分布式天线网络中的远程天线单元与基地台之间的延迟时间的主要部件。将所示的一组远程天线单元1001，1002，…100n连接到传输路径1021，1022，…102n。将传输路径1021，…102n连接到可被结合到基地台或连接到基地台的中央单元120。中央单元120可包括一组分段单元。每个对应远程天线单元1001，…100n的各自一个，或者中央单元可是一个单个单元，根据实施的约束接收来自每个远程天线单元1001，…100n的输入。该中央单元120包括处理单元(计算机，微处理机，CPU，PC等)，用于接收远程天线单元1001，…100n的延迟时间信息，处理这个信息，并产生控制信号，以便均衡远程天线单元的延迟时间。例如，可将一个连接到调制器/解调器的微处理机用于产生发送到远程天线单元的脉冲信号。则该微处理机可基于返回的脉冲信号测量延迟时间。
为主动地均衡在分布式天线网络中的延迟时间，沿着传输路径1021，1022，…102n的每个分别设置延迟检测器1101，1102，…110n和延迟补偿器1151，1152，…115n。延迟检测器110n和延迟补偿器115n的定位可交换。首先可由延迟检测器115n确定该时间延迟误差，然后由延迟补偿器进行调整，或者代之，由延迟补偿器115n调整该时间延迟，直到由延迟检测器确定没有时间延迟误差出现。在实际上，可将用于执行延迟检测和补偿功能的部件的物理放置结合在中央单元120或远程天线单元1001，…100n中，以便减少安装的复杂性。当把延迟检测器1101，…110n和延迟补偿器1151，…115n结合到它们各自的天线单元1001，…100n中时，可最大限度地进行网络的延迟控制。然而，这种结构要求每个远程天线单元115n单独地校准，并且必须把附加的硬件包括在每个单元申，从而增加了成本。
如果将延迟检测器1101，…110n和延迟补偿器1151，…115n结合到中央单元120中，则可限制与安装在每个远程天线单元中的硬件相联系的复杂性和成本。尽管仍需提供适当的延迟控制，可以理解，可将延迟检测器设置在远程天线单元，而可将延迟补偿器设置在中央单元，或者将延迟补偿器设置在远程天线单元，而将延迟检测器设置在中央单元。
图5表示根据本发明的一个实施例的远程天线单元100n的框图。将天线130n连接到双工器132n，132n连接到无线电电路134n和136n，从而形成了正规的路径A。环回机构145n选择地形成环路径B，以测量往返延迟时间。
环路径B包括通过媒体接口142n连接到传输路径102n的无线电电路138n和140n。无线电电路134n，136n，138n和140n包括诸如信道滤波，放大和频率变换电路等标准无线电部件。环回电路145n包括开关152n和153n，由网络的所有远程天线单元的中央单元一起控制。当希望使用环路路径B时闭合开关152n和153n，而当希望使用环路路径A时断开它们。在本发明的一个实施例中，可以修改在远程天线单元中的无线公共控制器以提供控制开关152n和153n的逻辑。然而，可以理解可由其它的技术来控制开关152n和153n。例如，可用一译码器来检测位模式，然后，根据检测的位模式断开或闭合开关152n和153n。
为了测量往返延迟时间，可将脉冲或其它的可识别模式通过环路路径B的中央单元120和下行链路路径上的延迟检测器发送出去。由延迟检测器110n确定发送该脉冲与在上行链路路径上接收返回脉冲之间经过的时间。除了直接定时之外，其它的方法也能测量往返延迟时间。例如，可将由延迟隔开的连续脉冲模式从中央单元发送到每个远程天线单元。然后，可将同步器算法应用到返回的数据流，由延迟补偿器进行延迟调整，直到完成所有远程天线单元的同步。结果，使系统有能力设置安装整个网络的延迟参数，并可通过系统控制器修改该延迟参数，而无需操作员的实际干预。
图6(a)和(b)是表示用于确定延迟时间的定时图。图6(a)表示在下行链路路径上发送的初始脉冲，图6(b)表示延迟时间，一般环路路径B的往返延迟时间在x微秒的量级。通过根据这个检测主动地调整这些延迟参数，可以很容易地补偿传输路径的长度和在传输路径中所用的媒体种类的变化。当延迟时间明显不同并引起符号间干扰又不能由通常系统的基地台和移动台补偿时，这一点是很重要的。例如，如果在相邻的远程天线之间的CATV传输延迟多于16微秒时，所发生的符号间干扰就不能由通常系统的均衡能力所补偿。
图7表示可便利地使用申请人的均衡延迟的系统和方法的CATV系统基础设施的例子。该基础设施包括光纤节点2001，…200n，由各自的光纤2501，…250n连接到CATV前端设备300。该CATV前端设备300可支援许多光纤节点2001，…200n，它们的每个通过一组远程天线单元2021，…202n一般可支援大约500-1500个家庭或用户。将远程天线单元2021，…202n由光纤2501，…250n分别连到CATV前端设备300。同时，将该组远程天线单元2021，…202n通过同轴电缆204n连接到放大和光/电转换电路206n。
该CATV前端设备300包括用于将CATV前端设备300接到光纤2501，…250n的放大和光/电转换电路302。将该放大和光/电转换电路302连接到组合与分裂电路304，电路304连接到视频源306和电缆接入处理(CAP)单元3081，…308n，后者至少在数量上与系统中的光纤节点对应。将CAP单元3081，…308n连接到无线基地台(RBS)3141，…314n和中心(hub)310。再将中心310连接到远程天线管理系统(RAMS)312。还将CAP单元3081…308n连接到操作支援系统/交换中心(OSS/SC)350。该OSS/SC350包括移动交换中心352，基地台控制器354，操作支援系统356和它自己的RAMS358。OSS/SC350的RAMS358可与CATV前端设备300的RAMS312通信，使得在中央位置可控制一组CATV前端设备。还将该基地台控制器连接到包括(RBS)362的宏小区360。CAP单元3081，…308n提供频率转换和将电话载波信号放到CATV基础设施上的功率水平调整，以及控制和监视远程天线单元2021，…202n的状态。
将远程天线单元2021，…202n置于希望的区域，并将CATV基地通信信号转换回到它的适当的广播频率和功率水平。将远程天线单元2021，…202n的每个与在RBS3141，…314n中的特定收发机无线单元(TRU)相联系，使该CATV网络对于该无线电操作是完全透明的。将CAP单元3081，…308n的工作频率设置为正好与远程天线发射机的工作频率相匹配。在一个特定的RBS3141，…314n中高达6个TRUS馈给单一的一个CAP单元3081，…308n，后者又依次服务于在CATV网络中的几个光纤节点2001，…200n。在CAP单元3081，…308n中的组合器提供自RBS3141，…314n的6个发射输入端口，以便支援最多6个TRUS，CAP单元3081，…308n将电话载波信号转换为CATV频率信号，然后通过双向同轴电缆将它们馈送给CATV前端设备300。
在CATV前端设备300中，将该电话载波信号与视频信号组合，并通过光纤2501，…205n将两者发送到光纤节点2001，…200n。在光纤节点2001，…200n上，将这些信号转换回电信号，并在树形和分支同轴网络上进行分布。每个单独的远程天线单元2011，…201n分接同轴电缆204n，滤波该载波信号，并变换该频率，在该空中接口上发射该载波信号。这些视频信号继续未变的到每个CATV用户。对于上行链路，远程天线单元2021，…202n从空间接收两个不同的信号，下变频，并在CATV基础设施上发送该不同频率的不同载波信号。在光纤节点2001，…200n上的CATV基础设施中，将这些电信号转换为光信号，并发送回该CATV前端设备300。然后将这些信号变回电信号，并经双向电缆传送到CAP单元3081，…308n。CAP单元3081，…308n将这些上行链路载波信号变回到对于TRUS的输入频率。CAP单元3081，…308n从RAMS312接收数字控制信息，并将远程天线控制信息送到希望的一个远程天线单元2021，…202n。
通过在CAP单元3081，…308n与天线单元2021，…202n之间的信号路径中插入可变延迟元件可完成光纤节点延迟补偿。实际上可将该可变延迟元件电路放在远程天线单元2021，…202n中或在CAP单元3081…308n中。如前所讨论的，如果将该可变延迟元件电路安装在远程天线单元2021，…202n上，则在每个远程天线单元上的延迟控制的灵活性可达最大，但在每个远程天线单元上必须有单独的硬件和校准，从而导致了在安装和升级中增加费用和复杂性。因此，希望将该可变延迟元件电路设置在CAP单元3081，…308n，以减少成本，因为该支援电路已经存在。当把该延迟元件电路设置在CAP单元3081，…308n上时，尽管没有单独地控制每个远程天线单元的时间延迟，在光纤节点200n中的每个远程天线单元会有同样的延迟控制量。这提供了充分的控制，因为在CATV前端设备300与光纤节点200n之间的光缆250n通常是对于时间延迟量的最大贡献部件。换句话说，光纤250n的长度显著地大于光纤节点200n中的同轴电缆204n的长度。因此，补偿与光纤250n相联系的延迟在多数情况下会提供充分的延迟控制。
图8(a)，(b)和(c)表示可用于本发明实施例中的延迟补偿器的可能的可变延迟元件。在图8(a)中示出了恒定幅度相移器电路。这个电路包括一个0P放大器402，电阻器R1(404)，R2(406)，和R3(408)，以及电容器C410。由电阻器R1(404)，R2(406)和R3(408)以及电容器C410。由电阻器R1(404)，R2(406)和R3(408)以及电容器C410来确定由这个电路引入的相位滞后。在10WRC的工作频率上该相位滞后大约为170度。在IF操作频率，170度的相移对应大约1微秒的延迟。
在图8(b)中，表示一个恒定相移器电路的链。将一组四重(quad)相移器4201，…420n连接到复用器422。该四重相移器4201，…420n的每个可包括每组4个四重OP放大器。由用于从几个延迟抽头中选择一个的数字逻辑来控制复用器422，以提供延迟调整。通过使用四个四重OP放大器，可以4微秒的步进提供高达16微秒的延迟。另一方法，可使用采用标准小区的模拟ASIC来替代分立的OP放大器，在单一的IC中可实施几个完整的延迟链。
在另一方面，利用ADC和DAC的这些单元，通过在设备的数字IF部分插入高速FIFOS，用选择操作在希望采样率的该FIFOS，可获得一种延迟电路。通过控制FIFOS的深度来调整该FIFOS的延迟。当该FIFOS处在某一深度时，可用起动一个信号的可编程深度寄信器来选择该FIFOS。数字逻辑控制读、写时钟，使得保持该可编程深度。具有1K深度的FIFOS提供在希望的采样率提供高达51微秒的延迟时间。另外，可用采用高速双端口存储器装置的数字设备来存储样本。图8(c)表示连接到控制逻辑432的双端口存储器430。将读和写地址输入到该双端口存储器430，并将地址偏移输入到控制逻辑。从而，使读写地址信号彼此保持一个可调的偏移。通过改变该偏移，可改变整个电路的延迟。
在分布式天线网络中，使用多信道广播提供了无线电源的更有效使用，通过远程天线单元来覆盖小的区域。然而，当在这种网络中采用数字调制并由多个远程天线单元接收一个信号时，如果这些远程天线单元的传输路径明显不同，会产生符号间干扰。本发明正是针对补偿由于它们路径的长度和传输媒体的种类的不同在传输路径中的延迟，从而实际上均衡了所有传输路径的延迟时间。本发明还加强了由远程天线单元服务的小区之间的空间帧定时，改善了它们之间的越区切换功能。本发明系统和方法的另一优点是，主动地执行这种均衡，不使用任何专用的设备，在升级或修理中不需要停用传输链路。该分布式天线网络的均衡还提供了对环境变化的补偿，比如温度的变化，而在已知的系统中是不容易做到这一点的。
现在描述了本发明，显而易见，可以用许多方式来改变本发明。而不能将这些变化看成脱离由下面的权利要求中确定的本发明的范围。对于本领域的技术人员是显然的，所有这些修改都包括在下面权利要求书的范围之内。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于自动地均衡在分布式天线网络中的时间延迟的通信系统，包括：
一组远程天线单元；
通过传输媒体连接到所述远程天线单元的中央单元，在所述中央单元与一个所述远程天线单元之间的每个连接形成具有相关延迟时间的分立传输路径；
其特征在于该系统还包括：
一组延迟检测器，用于确定每一远程天线单元的所述分立传输路径的相关延迟时间；
延迟补偿器，根据所述的延迟检测器调整每个所述远程天线单元的相关延迟时间，从而实际上均衡了所有相关延迟时间。
2.根据权利要求1的通信系统，其中所述的延迟补偿器包括连接到每个所述远程天线单元的所述传输媒体的延迟元件。
3.根据权利要求2的通信系统，其中所述的延迟元件包括一个恒定幅度相移器电路。
4.根据权利要求2的通信系统，其中所述的延迟元件包括一个FIFO电路。
5.根据权利要求2的通信系统，其中所述的延迟元件包括一个双端口存储器装置。
6.根据权利要求1的通信系统，其中所述的传输媒体包括光缆和同轴电缆。
7.根据权利要求1的通信系统，其中在基地台构成所述的中央单元。
8.根据权利要求1的通信系统，其中将所述的中央单元连接到基地台。
9.根据权利要求1的通信系统，其中所述的中央单元包括与每个所述远程天线单元对应的一组中央单元。
10.根据权利要求9的通信系统，其中所述的中央单元每个包括一个所述延迟检测器。
11.根据权利要求1的通信系统，其中所述的远程天线单元每个包括一个所述延迟检测器。
12.根据权利要求1的通信系统，还包括：
脉冲产生器，用于将预定的脉冲模式发送到每个所述远程天线单元的环回机构；和
记时器，对在每一所述远程天线单元的所述环回机构的上行链路路径中发送所述预定脉冲模式花费的时间进行计数。
13.根据权利要求1的通信系统，还包括：
脉冲产生器，用于将通过延迟分隔的脉冲模式发送到每个所述远程天线单元的环回机构；和
同步控制器，用于比较每个所述远程天线单元的所述脉冲模式并调整这些延迟，直到同步每个远程天线单元的所述脉冲模式。
14.一种用于自动地均衡在分布式天线网络中的时间延迟的方法，包括步骤：
(a)通过传输媒体将一组远程天线单元连接到中央单元，所述的中
央单元与一个所述远程天线单元之间的每个连接形成了具有相
关时间延迟的分立传输路径；
其特征在于该方法还包括步骤：
(b)确定每个所述远程天线单元的所述分立传输路径的相关延迟时间；
(c)根据所述步骤(b)调整每个所述远程天线单元的相关延迟时间，从而实际上均衡所有的相关延迟时间；
15.根据权利要求14的方法，还包括：
发送预定的脉冲模式到每个所述远程天线单元的环回机构；
通过使用记时器，对在每个所述远程天线单元的所述环回机构的上行链路路径上发送所述预定脉冲模式花费的时间进行计数。
16.根据权利要求14的方法，还包括：
发送由延迟分隔的脉冲模式到每个所述远程天线单元的环回机构；
比较每个所述远程天线单元的所述脉冲模式；
调整这些延迟时间，直到同步了每个所述远程天线单元的所述脉冲模式。
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