CN110035997A - 羟基去甲氯胺酮前药 - Google Patents
羟基去甲氯胺酮前药 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110035997A CN110035997A CN201780070912.8A CN201780070912A CN110035997A CN 110035997 A CN110035997 A CN 110035997A CN 201780070912 A CN201780070912 A CN 201780070912A CN 110035997 A CN110035997 A CN 110035997A
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- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了新型氯胺酮前药、含有这种氯胺酮前药的药物制剂,以及治疗双相抑郁症、包括复杂性局部痛综合征(CRPS)的神经性疼痛和慢性疼痛的方法,该方法通过将上述前药施用于需要这种治疗的患者。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了新型氯胺酮前药、含有这种氯胺酮前药的药物制剂,以及治疗双相抑郁症、包括复杂性局部痛综合征(CRPS)的神经性疼痛和慢性疼痛的方法,该方法通过将上述前药施用于需要这种治疗的患者。
背景技术
最近发现,羟基去甲氯胺酮是氯胺酮快速发挥抗抑郁作用的原因(Nature,2016)。作者报道,(R,S)-氯胺酮代谢为(2S,6S;2R,6R)-羟基去甲氯胺酮(HNK)对其抗抑郁作用至关重要,并且(2R,6R)-HNK对映体没有氯胺酮相关的副作用,但在小鼠中发挥了快速和持续的抗抑郁作用;这些抗抑郁作用独立于NMDAR抑制但需要AMPAR活性。
美国专利公开号2014/0296241(于2014年10月2日公开,于2017年5月16日被授予美国专利9650352)中描述了代谢物和某些前药,所述专利的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
发明内容
本发明涉及如式(I)所示的化合物
其中R1选自氢或以下一组通式
R2选自氢或以下一组通式
各个R3彼此独立地为H或CH3;
各个R4彼此独立地为H或烷基;
各个R5彼此独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基和选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
n为选自0或1的整数;
X为CH2、CHR3、C(R3)2或O;
R6为H、烷基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
R7为氨基酸取代基;和
Y为H、烷基、卤素或CN。
如本文所用,术语“烷基”定义为包括包含直链和支链及1-20个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烃。例如,如本文所用,术语烷基是指直链或支链基团(1至6个碳原子是具体的实施例,长链偶数的天然烷基也是如此)。其他实施例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、己基、癸基和二十烷基)。烷基也可任选地被1至5个合适的取代基取代。不饱和烃类具有至少一个碳-碳双键,包括直链和支链以及2个或更多个碳原子。例如,如本文所用,术语烷基包括2至20个碳原子的直链或支链不饱和基团,包括但不限于乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基(烯丙基)、异丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基等;可选地被1至5个合适的取代基取代。当式Ia、Ib、Ic或Id的化合物包含烯基时,该烯基可以以纯E(异侧)形式、纯Z(同侧)形式或其任何混合物存在。不饱和烃具有至少一个碳-碳三键,包括直链和支链以及2至20个碳原子。例如,如本文所用,术语烷基在本文中包括具有2至20个碳原子和一个三键的直链或支链烃链未取代(例如炔基)基团;可选地被1至5个合适的取代基取代。
如本文所用,术语“环烷基”定义为包括饱和或不饱和(非芳族)单环或双环烃环(例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基);可选地被1至5个合适的取代基取代。环烷基具有3至12个碳原子。一组单环环烷基环具有3至6个碳原子。在另一个实施例中,环烷基可选地可以含有一个、两个或更多个非累积的非芳族双键或三键。双环烃定义为包括与第二碳环桥接的如上定义的环烷基(例如,双环[2.2.1]庚基、双环[3.2.1]辛基和双环[5.2.0]壬基等)。优选地,双环烷基具有6至20个碳原子。更优选地,双环烷基具有6至15个碳原子。最优选地,双环烷基具有6至12个碳原子。双环烷基可选地被1至5个合适的取代基取代。在一个实施例中,双环烷基可选地可以含有一个、两个或更多个非累积的非芳族双键或三键。
如本文所用,术语“芳基”定义为包括具有完全共轭的π电子系统的全碳单环或稠环多环(即,共享相邻碳原子对的环)基团。芳基在环中具有6、8、9、10或12个碳原子。在一个实施例中,芳基在环中具有6或10个碳原子。一个特别关注的芳基是6个碳原子的苯环。例如,如本文所用,术语“芳基”是指含有6至10个碳原子的芳族基团,如苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、蒽基、茚满基等。芳基可选地被1至5个合适的取代基取代。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳基”定义为包括环中具有一个或多个选自O、S和N的杂原子的单环或稠环多环芳族杂环基团。杂芳基具有5至12个环原子,包括1至5个选自O、S和N的杂原子。例如,如本文所用,短语“5至12元杂芳基”是指含有至少一个选自O、S和N的环杂原子以及1至11个碳原子,如吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、噻吩基、呋喃基、咪唑基、吡咯基、恶唑基(例如,1,3-恶唑基、1,2-恶唑基)、噻唑基(例如,1,2-噻唑基、1,3-噻唑基)、吡唑基、四唑基、三唑基(例如,1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基)、恶二唑基(例如,1,2,3-恶二唑基)、噻二唑基(例如1,3,4-噻二唑基)、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、吲哚基等。杂芳基可选地被1至5个合适的取代基取代。
如本文所用,术语“杂环”定义为包括单环、桥环、多环或稠合多环饱和或不饱和的非芳族3至13元环,其包括一个或多个选自O、S和N的杂原子。该杂环烷基环的示例包括氮杂环丁烷基、四氢呋喃基、咪唑烷基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、恶唑烷基、噻唑烷基、吡唑烷基、硫代吗啉基、四氢噻唑基、四氢噻二嗪基、吗啉基、氧杂环丁基、四氢二嗪基、恶嗪基、氧杂噻嗪、二氢吲哚基、异二氢吲哚、奎宁环基、色满、异色满、苯并恶嗪基等等。所述杂环烷基环的其他示例为四氢呋喃-2-基、四氢呋喃-3-基、咪唑烷-1-基、咪唑烷-2-基、咪唑烷-4-基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-基、吡咯烷-3-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-基、哌啶-3-基、哌嗪-1-基、哌嗪-2-基、哌嗪-3-基、1,3-恶唑烷-3-基、异噻唑、1,3-噻唑烷-3-基、1,2-吡唑烷-2-基、1,3-吡唑烷-1-基、1,2-四氢噻嗪-2-基、1,3-四氢噻嗪-3-基、1,2-四氢二嗪-2-基、1,3-四氢二嗪-1-基、1,4-恶嗪-2-基、1,2,5-氧杂噻嗪-4-基等。杂环可选地被1至5个合适的取代基取代。
如本文所用的氨基酸取代基是指包含氨基和羧酸的基团。已知的有约500种氨基酸。特别关注的氨基酸包括20种所谓的天然氨基酸,包括丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、鸟氨酸、脯氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和缬氨酸。
如本文所用的胺盐,特别是基团(如R5)中的伯、仲或叔胺,是指通过伯、仲或叔胺与膦酸前体反应形成的一组阳离子盐。
“活性剂”是指当单独或与另一种药剂组合施用于患者时,对患者直接或间接赋予生理作用的任何化合物、元素或混合物。当活性剂是化合物时,盐、游离化合物或游离盐的溶剂化物(包括水合物)、结晶和非结晶形式以及化合物的各种多晶型物也包括在内。
化合物可含有一个或多个不对称元素,如立体中心、立体轴等,例如不对称碳原子,使得化合物可以以不同的立体异构形式存在。这些化合物可以是,例如,外消旋体或旋光体形式。
“给药”是指通过任何合适的途径,例如口服给药、以固体或液体剂型、吸入、注射、栓剂给药或经皮接触分配化合物或含有该化合物的组合物。“给药”还包括通过任何合适的途径,例如通过口服给药、以固体或液体剂型、吸入、注射、栓剂给药或经皮接触来施用化合物或含有该化合物的组合物。
“抑郁症状”包括情绪低落、活动兴趣减退、精神运动减慢或躁动、食欲改变、注意力不集中或犹豫不决、过度负罪感或无用感,并且在抑郁症、双相抑郁症、由于一般病症导致的心境障碍、药物诱发型心境障碍(substance-induced mood disorders)、其他未指明心境障碍的情况下可能出现自杀意念;自杀意念也可能与一系列的其他精神疾病有关,包括但不限于精神病、认知障碍、进食障碍、焦虑症和人格障碍。纵向病程、症状的历史和类型以及病因学因素有助于区分开各种形式的心境障碍。
“抑郁症状评定量表”是指用于测量抑郁症状和症状严重程度的一些标准化问卷、临床仪器或症状量表中的任何一种。此类评定量表通常用于临床研究,以根据研究的入口点到终点的变化来定义治疗结果。此类抑郁症状评定量表包括但不限于抑郁症状快速自评量表(QIDS-SR16)、17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD17)、30项抑郁症状问卷(IDS-C30)或蒙哥马利-阿斯伯格抑郁评定量表(MADRS)。此类评级量表可能涉及患者自评或被临床医师评定。在临床试验过程中(起点到终点),抑郁评定量表评分降低50%或更多通常被认为是大多数抑郁症状评定量表的有利反应。抑郁症临床研究中的“缓解”通常是指在抑郁症状评定量表上达到或低于特定数字评分的得分(例如,HRSD17小于或等于7;或QIDS-SR16小于或等于5;或MADRS小于或等于10)。
“患者”是指需要医学治疗的任何人类或非人类动物。医学治疗可包括治疗现有病症,例如疾病或障碍、预防性治疗或诊断性治疗。在一些实施例中,患者是人类患者。
“药物组合物”是包含至少一种活性剂(如式Ia-Id化合物或盐)和至少一种其他物质(如载体、赋形剂或稀释剂)的组合物。
用于本发明药物组合物的术语“载体”是指与活性化合物一起施用的稀释剂、赋形剂或媒介物。
“药学上可接受的赋形剂”是指用于制备通常安全、无毒、非生物学上和其他方面均不期望的药物组合物的赋形剂,并且包括兽用和人类药用可接受的赋形剂。本申请中使用的“药学上可接受的赋形剂”包括一种和多种这样的赋形剂。
术语“治疗有效量”或“有效量”是指当施用于人或非人患者时有效提供任何治疗益处的量。治疗益处可以是症状的改善,例如,有效减轻抑郁症或疼痛症状的量。治疗有效量的化合物也是足以对疾病、障碍或病症的任何指征(indicia)提供显著积极效果的量,例如,足以显著降低抑郁症状或疼痛的频率和严重程度的量。对疾病或病症的指征的显著影响包括在统计显著性的标准参数测试中的统计学显著性,例如学生T检验,其中p<0.05;尽管在一些实施例中效果不需要很显著。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及一种式(Ia)的化合物
其中R1选自氢或以下一组通式
各个R3彼此独立地为H或CH3;
各个R4彼此独立地为H或烷基;
各个R5彼此独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基和选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
n为选自0或1的整数;
X为CH2、CHR3、C(R3)2或O;
R6为H、烷基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
R7为氨基酸取代基;和
Y为H、烷基、卤素或CN。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及一种式(Ib)的化合物
其中R2为以下一组通式
各个R3彼此独立地为H或CH3;
各个R4彼此独立地为H或烷基;
各个R5彼此独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基和选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
n为选自0或1的整数;
X为CH2、CHR3、C(R3)2或O;
R6为H、烷基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
R7为氨基酸取代基;和
Y为H、烷基、卤素或CN。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及一种式(Ic)的化合物
其中R1选自氢或以下一组通式
各个R3彼此独立地为H或CH3;
各个R4彼此独立地为H或烷基;
各个R5彼此独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基和选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
n为选自0或1的整数;
X为CH2、CHR3、C(R3)2或O;
R6为H、烷基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
R7为氨基酸取代基;和
Y为H、烷基、卤素或CN。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及一种式(Id)的化合物
其中R2选自氢或以下一组通式
各个R3彼此独立地为H或CH3;
各个R4彼此独立地为H或烷基;
各个R5彼此独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
n为选自0或1的整数;
X为CH2、CHR3、C(R3)2或O;
R6为H、烷基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
R7为氨基酸取代基;和
Y为H、烷基、卤素或CN。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及一种式Ia或Ic的化合物,其中R1为以下一组通式
并且其中至少一个R4为氢。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ia或Ic的化合物,其中至少一个R4为烷基。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ia或Ic的化合物,其中R1为以下一组通式
其中至少一个R5为H。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ia或Ic的化合物,其中至少一个R5为烷基。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ia或Ic的化合物,其中至少一个R5为环烷基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ia或Ic的化合物,其中至少一个R5为选自K、Na、Ca和Mg的盐。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ia或Ic的化合物,其中至少一个R5为选自伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ia或Ic的化合物,其中包括前述R2、R4和R5基团中的每一个,其中至少一个R3为H。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ia或Ic的化合物,其中包括前述的R2、R4和R5基团中的每一个,其中至少一个R3为CH3。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ib或Id的化合物,其中R2为以下一组通式
并且其中至少一个R4为氢。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ib或Id的化合物,其中至少一个R4是烷基。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ib或Id的化合物,其中R2为以下一组结构式
其中至少一个R5为H。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ib或Id的构化合物,其中至少一个R5为烷基。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ib或Id的化合物,其中至少一个R5为环烷基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环基。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ib或Id的化合物,其中至少一个R5为选自K、Na、Ca和Mg的盐。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ib或Id的化合物,其中至少一个R5为伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺或叔胺盐。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ib或Id的化合物,其中包括每个前述的R2、R4和R5,其中至少一个R3为H。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及前述式Ib或Id的化合物,其中包括前述R2、R4和R5基团中的每一个,其中至少一个R3为CH3。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及以下化合物
(((1R,3R)-3-氨基-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-氧代环己基)氧基)甲基新戊酸酯。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及以下化合物
本发明的另一个实施例涉及以下化合物
本发明的另一个实施例涉及以下化合物
本发明的另一个实施例涉及以下化合物
(((1R,3R)-3-氨基-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-氧代环己基)氧基)甲基碳酸乙酯。
本发明的另一个实施例涉及以下化合物
4-((((1R,3R)-3-氨基-3-(2-氯苯基)-2-氧代环己基)氧基)甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-2-酮。
本发明公开的化合物可以作为纯化学品施用,但优选作为药物组合物施用。因此,本公开提供了药物组合物,其包含式I或式Ia-Id化合物或药学上可接受的盐,以及至少一种药学上可接受的载体。该药物组合物可含有式I或式Ia-Id化合物作为唯一的活性剂,但优选含有至少一种另外的活性剂。在某些实施例中,该药物组合物是口服剂型,其含有约0.1mg至约1000mg、约1mg至约500mg或约10mg至约200mg的式I化合物,并且可选地包含约0.1mg至约2000mg、约10mg至约1000mg、约100mg至约800mg或约200mg至约600mg单位剂型的另外的活性剂。
本发明公开的化合物可以以含有常规药学上可接受的载体的剂量单位制剂,采用口服、局部、肠胃外、通过吸入或喷雾、舌下、经皮的方式给药,经由颊给药、直肠给药、作为眼用溶液给药或通过其他方式给药。药物组合物可以配制成任何药学上有效的形式,例如气雾剂、乳膏、凝胶、丸剂、胶囊、片剂、糖浆、透皮贴剂或眼用溶液。一些剂型,例如片剂和胶囊,被细分为适当大小的单位剂量,其含有适量的活性成分,例如达到所需目的的有效量。
载体包括赋形剂和稀释剂,并且必须具有足够高的纯度和足够低的毒性,以使它们适合施用于被治疗的患者。载体可以是惰性的,或者它可以具有其自身的药物益处。与化合物一起使用的载体的量足以提供每单位剂量化合物给药的实际量的材料。
载体的类别包括但不限于粘合剂、缓冲剂、着色剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、乳化剂、矫味剂、助流剂、润滑剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、压片剂和润湿剂。一些载体可以列在不止一个类别中,例如植物油可以在一些制剂中用作润滑剂而在其它制剂中可以用作稀释剂。示例性的药学上可接受的载体包括糖、淀粉、纤维素、粉末黄蓍胶、麦芽、明胶、滑石粉和植物油。可选的活性剂可以包括在药物组合物中,其基本上不会干扰本发明化合物的活性。
可以配制药物组合物用于口服给药。优选的口服剂型配制成一天一次或一天两次给药。这些组合物含有0.1至99重量%(wt.%)的式I化合物,并且通常至少约5wt.%的式I化合物。一些实施例中含有约25wt.%至约50wt.%或约5wt.%至约75wt.%的式I或式Ia-Id化合物。
式I或式Ia-Id的化合物可有效治疗神经性和慢性疼痛,包括治疗患有复杂性局部痛综合征(CRPS)的患者。
本发明包括治疗双相抑郁症、重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、复杂性局部痛综合征(CRPS)、慢性疼痛或神经性疼痛的方法,包括将含有有效量的式I或式Ia-Id化合物以及药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物施用于需要这种治疗的患者。
治疗方法包括向患者提供某些剂量的式I或式Ia-Id的化合物。每种活性剂的剂量水平为每天每千克体重约0.1mg至约140mg,可用于治疗上述病症(每位患者每天约0.5mg至约7g)。可与载体材料组合以产生单一单位剂型的活性成分的量将根据所治疗的患者和特定的给药方式而变化。
在某些实施例中,治疗有效量是提供式I或式Ia-Id的化合物的血药峰浓度Cmax为约0.25mcg/mL至约125mcg/m或约1mcg/mL至约50mcg/mL的量。对于外周适应症,优选的是提供Cmax为约0.25mcg/mL至约25mcg/mL的的制剂,而对于CNS适应症,优选的是提供约0.25mcg/mL至约125mcg/mL的血Cmax的制剂。本发明还包括IV药物组合物,其提供每剂量约0.2mg至约500mg的式I化合物,对于外周适应症,优选的是提供约0.5mg至约500mg/剂的化合物。另一方面,本发明提供治疗双相抑郁症、重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、复杂性局部痛综合征(CRPS)、慢性疼痛或神经性疼痛的方法,包括将含有有效量的式I或式Ia-Id化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、以及药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物施用于需要这种治疗的患者。
本公开内容还包括治疗双相抑郁症、精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、复杂性局部痛综合征(CRPS)、慢性疼痛、偏头痛或神经性疼痛的方法,包括将有效量的分离的羟基去甲氯胺酮非对映体,例如(2R,6R)-羟基去甲氯胺酮、(2S,6S)-羟基去甲氯胺酮或分离的(R)-或(S)-去氢去甲氯胺酮施用于需要这种治疗的患者。
在另一方面,本发明包括一种治疗患者的双相抑郁症、复杂性局部痛综合征(CRPS)、慢性疼痛或神经性疼痛的方法,包括:
(1)确定该患者是氯胺酮无反应者;和
(2)给患者施用有效量的式I或式Ia-Id化合物。
申请人已经确定某些式I化合物是有效的丝氨酸消旋酶抑制剂。本发明还提供了一种抑制丝氨酸消旋酶的方法,包括使细胞在体外与足以抑制丝氨酸消旋酶的式I或式Ia-Id化合物接触。
具体实施方式
式I、Ia、Ib、Ic和Id化合物可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法用结构式I化合物反应来制备,其中R1是氢或甲基,R2是氢。例如,一些方法在美国专利公开号2014/0296241(于2014年10月2日公开,于2017年5月16日被授予美国专利9650352)中描述中进行了描述,所述专利全部内容通过引用并入本文。
式I、Ia、Ib、Ic和Id的化合物可以是所施用的唯一活性剂,或者可以与另外的活性剂一起施用。例如,式I、Ia、Ib、Ic和Id的化合物可以与另一种选自以下任何一种的活性剂一起施用:抗抑郁药:依他普仑、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、度洛西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰、安非他酮、文拉法辛、度洛西汀、纳曲酮、米氮平、文拉法辛、托莫西汀、安非他酮、多虑平、阿米替林、氯米帕明、去甲替林、丁螺环酮、阿立哌唑、氯氮平、洛沙平、奥氮平、喹硫平、利培酮、齐拉西酮、卡马西平、加巴喷丁、拉莫三嗪、苯妥英(Phenyloin)、普瑞巴林、多奈哌齐、加兰他敏、美金刚、卡巴拉汀、高牛磺酸(tramiprosate)或其药学活性盐或前药、或前述的组合;精神分裂症药物:阿立哌唑、鲁拉西酮、阿塞那平、氯氮平、齐拉西酮、利培酮、喹硫平、三氟拉嗪、奥氮平、洛沙平、三氟噻吨(flupentioxol)、奋乃静、氟哌啶醇、氯丙嗪、氟非那嗪、氟奋乃静、帕潘立酮;阿尔茨海默氏症痴呆症药物:多奈哌齐、卡巴拉汀、加兰他敏、美金刚;ALS药物:利鲁唑止痛药:对乙酰氨基酚、阿司匹林、NSAIDS(包括双氯芬酸、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、非诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、甲氯灭酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、萘丁美酮、萘普生、奥沙普秦、保泰松、吡罗昔康、舒林酸、阿片类托美汀(Tolmetinopioid))、Cox-2抑制剂(如塞来昔布(celcoxib)),以及麻醉止痛药,如丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、可待因、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟甲左吗喃、哌替啶、美沙酮、吗啡、纳布啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、喷他佐辛、丙氧芬、中枢镇痛曲马多。
前面的另外的活性剂列表是示例性的而非全部包括在内。不包括在上述列表中的另外的活性剂可以与式I、Ia、Ib、Ic和Id的化合物组合施用。另外的活性剂将根据其允许的处方信息给药,但在一些实施例中,另外的活性剂将以少于通常处方剂量的方式给药,并且在一些情况下小于最小允许剂量。
本发明包括治疗双相抑郁症和重度抑郁症的方法,其中有效量的化合物是有效减少抑郁症状的量,其中抑郁症状的减少是抑郁症状评定量表上确定的症状减少50%或更多,或HRSD17评分小于或等于7、或QID-SR16小于或等于5,或MADRS小于或等于10。
本发明提供了有效减轻疼痛症状的量;其中疼痛症状的减轻是在疼痛评定量表上的疼痛症状减少50%或更多。
美国专利公开号2014/0296241(于2014年10月2日公开,于2017年5月16日被授予美国专利9650352)中描述了诸如丝氨酸消旋酶抑制测定的方法,细胞系及细胞培养,CE-LIF(毛细管电泳-激光感生荧光)分析,以及化合物对乙酰胆碱受体诱发电流的作用。另外的描述见于“氯胺酮作用机制:麦糠分离(Ketamine Mechanism of Action:Separatingthe Wheat from the Chaff)”,Panos Zanos等,神经精神药理学期刊(Neuropsychopharmacology)42,368-369(2017年1月),doi:10.1038/npp.2016.210。
Claims (6)
1.一种如式(Ia)所示的化合物:
其中,R1选自氢或以下一组通式
各个R3彼此独立地为H或CH3;
各个R4彼此独立地为H或烷基;
各个R5彼此独立地选自H、烷基、芳基、环烷基、杂芳基、杂环基和选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
n为选自0或1的整数;
X为CH2、CHR3、C(R3)2或O;
R6为H、烷基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺(例如,乙醇胺)、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
R7为氨基酸取代基;和
Y为H、烷基、卤素或CN。
2.一种如式(Ib)所示的化合物:
其中R2选自氢或以下一组通式
各个R3彼此独立地为H或CH3;
各个R4彼此独立地为H或烷基;
各个R5彼此独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基和选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
n为选自0或1的整数;
X为CH2、CHR3、C(R3)2或O;
R6为H、烷基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
R7为氨基酸取代基;和
Y为H、烷基、卤素或CN。
3.一种如式(Ic)所示的化合物:
其中R1选自氢或以下一组结构式
各个R3彼此独立地为H或CH3;
各个R4彼此独立地为H或烷基;
各个R5彼此独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环基和选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
n为选自0或1的整数;
X为CH2、CHR3、C(R3)2或O;
R6为H、烷基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
R7为氨基酸取代基;和
Y为H、烷基、卤素或CN。
4.一种如式(Id)所示的化合物:
其中R2为选自氢或一组结构式
各个R3彼此独立地为H或CH3;
各个R4彼此独立地为H或烷基;
各个R5彼此独立地选自H、烷基、环烷基、杂芳基、杂环基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
n为选自0或1的整数;
X为CH2、CHR3、C(R3)2或O;
R6为H、烷基或选自K、Na、Ca、Mg、伯胺、仲胺、叔胺的盐;
R7为氨基酸取代基;和
Y为H、烷基、卤素或CN。
5.一种治疗双相抑郁症、重度抑郁症精神分裂症、阿尔茨海默氏痴呆、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、复杂性局部痛综合征(CRPS)、慢性疼痛、偏头痛或神经性疼痛的方法,包括:将有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体施用于需要这种治疗的患者。
6.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中有效量是有效减轻疼痛症状的量;其中疼痛症状的减轻是疼痛评定量表上的疼痛症状减少50%或更多。
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