CN110030006B - Shield excavation method through water-saturated sand layer and with a large number of boulders in sand layer - Google Patents
Shield excavation method through water-saturated sand layer and with a large number of boulders in sand layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110030006B CN110030006B CN201910295606.5A CN201910295606A CN110030006B CN 110030006 B CN110030006 B CN 110030006B CN 201910295606 A CN201910295606 A CN 201910295606A CN 110030006 B CN110030006 B CN 110030006B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 71
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010066278 cabin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0657—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end structurally associated with rock crushers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a shield excavation method through a water-saturated sand layer and with a large number of boulders in the sand layer, and relates to the technical field of shallow shield; adopting an open cabin type shield device, adopting a back-shoveling type excavating tool to excavate, pushing soil, sand, stones and boulders to an excavation cabin, conveying the soil, the sand, the stones and the boulders out through a belt conveyer, and simultaneously crushing the large boulders by using a crusher; in the excavation process in the water-saturated sand layer, high-pressure gas which is larger than the water pressure in the excavation cabin and the operation cabin of the shield device is filled to prevent water, sand and mud from flowing in, and foam is sprayed to the palm surface to prevent the collapse of the mud and sand on the palm surface from hindering the orderly progress of excavation. By adopting the method provided by the invention, not only can safe excavation be ensured, and water, sand and mud are prevented from flowing into the excavation cabin and the operation cabin, but also the boulder can be crushed by the crusher, and the problem that the boulder with large diameter is crushed when a water-rich sand layer in a city and underwater excavation are carried out is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shallow shield tunneling of underground projects such as subways, water delivery tunnels, underground pipe galleries and the like, in particular to a shield tunneling method for tunneling a large amount of boulders in a sand layer through a water-saturated sand layer.
Background
In the process of construction of underground pipeline crossing projects of subways or shallow buried underground pipelines, boulders (or called rolling stones) buried in strata such as mud and sand are encountered from time to time and need to be crushed.
At present, if the diameter of the boulder is small, for example, the maximum diameter is less than 40cm, a common disc cutting type cutter head and a cutter head can be used for crushing, but except for the cutter head with a large diameter (more than about 10 m), the opening on the cutter head can only pass through the boulder with the diameter less than or equal to 50 cm. The larger boulders (diameter > 50cm) are crushed by blasting, crushing, etc. However, in cities, the method of using the drilling blasting to break the boulder is often not allowable. And if the quantity of the boulders reaches hundreds or thousands of subway or pipelines per thousand linear meters, the influence on the construction is great. Particularly, when the shield machine passes through the river or underground water is abundant, boulders are treated by entering the cabin, or drilling and blasting on the ground are difficult, the construction difficulty is higher. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method to solve the problem of the abundance of groundwater in cities or the fragmentation of large diameter boulders when crossing rivers, lakes, shallow seas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shield excavation method through a water-saturated sand layer and with a large number of boulders in the sand layer, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a shield excavation method through a water-saturated sand layer and with a large number of boulders in the sand layer adopts a cabin-opening type shield device, the shield device adopts a back-shoveling type excavating tool for excavation, takes soil, sand, stones and boulders to an excavation cabin, transports the soil, the sand, the stones and the boulders out through a belt conveyer, and simultaneously uses a breaker to break the large boulders; in the excavation process in the water-saturated sand layer, high-pressure gas which is larger than the water pressure in the excavation cabin and the operation cabin of the shield device is filled to prevent water, sand and mud from flowing in, and foam is sprayed to the palm surface to prevent the collapse of the mud and sand on the palm surface from hindering the orderly progress of excavation.
Preferably, the shield device further comprises a plurality of transition cabins, the pressure of the transition cabins is lower than that of the excavation cabin and the operation cabin, the transition cabins are located behind the operation cabin and are arranged along the direction far away from the operation cabin, the pressure of the transition cabins is gradually reduced, in the process that an operator enters the shield device, the operator firstly enters the cabin with low air pressure and stays for a period of time for adaptation, then enters the cabin with higher pressure, in the process that the operator leaves the shield device, the operator firstly enters the cabin with low air pressure and stays for a period of time for adaptation, and then enters the cabin with lower pressure.
Preferably, the number of the transition cabins is two, the transition cabins are respectively a first transition cabin and a second transition cabin, the first transition cabin is close to the operation cabin, a control cabin is arranged behind the second transition cabin, a plurality of cameras are arranged in the excavation cabin, a display and a controller are arranged in the control cabin, the cameras send monitoring images to the display and display the monitoring images, and an operator remotely controls each operation machine to work through the controller according to display contents.
Preferably, the belt conveyer comprises a front section and a rear section, soil, sand, stone and boulder which are scraped to the belt conveyer from the excavation cabin firstly enter the front section of the belt conveyer which is positioned in the excavation cabin, the soil, sand, stone and boulder which are carried out by the front section pass through the sealing hopper, then are unloaded into the rear section of the belt conveyer which is positioned in the working sealing transition cabin with the air pressure consistent with that of the second transition cabin, and finally are carried out by the natural gas ballast.
Preferably, the backhoe, the breaker, and the ejector for ejecting the foam toward the tunnel face are installed at the front end of the operation cabin, and operate in the excavation cabin. The operation cabin, the transition cabin and the control cabin are located on the upper layer and are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end, the excavation cabin, the working sealing transition cabin and the natural gas pressure cabin are located on the lower layer and are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end, the cabins are connected through steel plate welding, each cabin is provided with a sealing door, an operator can access the sealing doors to enter the excavation cabin from the operation cabin or the first transition cabin, enter the working sealing transition cabin from the excavation cabin and enter the natural gas pressure cabin through the working sealing transition cabin.
Preferably, the pressure of the gas filled in the excavation cabin and the operation cabin is 0.05-0.10 MPa higher than the water pressure in the cabin.
Preferably, the water pressure in the sand and soil layers on and near the face of the tunnel is measured continuously during excavation.
Preferably, in each cabin, at least two cameras and an intercom device are arranged and are connected with a master control room or a scheduling room.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a shield excavation method which passes through a water-saturated sand layer and has a large amount of boulders in the sand layer, adopts a front open type (chest type) excavation cabin, excavates by a backhoe excavator, is provided with a breaker to break the boulders, adopts an air pressure method to pass through a water-rich sand layer excavation section, and fills air with certain pressure in the excavation cabin and an operation cabin to resist water pressure so as to keep the water stop and the stability of the tunnel face. Therefore, by adopting the method provided by the invention, under the geological conditions that a large number of boulders pass through rivers, lakes, undersea and other water-saturated sand layers, the safe excavation can be ensured, water, sand and mud are prevented from flowing into the excavation cabin and the operation cabin, the collapse of the face mud and sand is prevented from hindering the ordered excavation by spraying foam to the face, and the boulders can be crushed by the crusher, so that the problem of crushing the large-diameter boulders in the water-rich sand layers in cities and underwater excavation is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of a shield apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the shield apparatus;
in the figure, the meaning of each symbol is as follows:
the device comprises a concrete pipe or a pipe sheet of a 1-pipe jacking, a steel shell of a 2-air pressure cabin, a 3-excavation cabin, a 4-operation cabin, a 5-backhoe type excavating appliance, a 6-crusher, a 7-1 first transition cabin, a 7-2 second transition cabin, an 8-sealing door, a 9-1 front section of a belt conveyer, a 9-2 rear section of the belt conveyer, a 10-a working sealing transition cabin, a 10-b natural air pressure cabin, a 11-control cabin, 12 mechanical components for installing the backhoe type excavating appliance and the crusher, a 13-sealing funnel, a 14 escalator, a 15 steel plate and a 16 ejector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides a shield excavation method through a water-saturated sand layer and with a large amount of boulders in the sand layer, wherein a cabin-opening type shield device is adopted, a back-shoveling type excavating tool is adopted for excavation by the shield device, soil, sand, stones and boulders are scraped to an excavation cabin and are conveyed out through a belt conveyor, and meanwhile, a crusher is used for crushing the boulders; in the excavation process, high-pressure gas which is larger than the water pressure in the excavation cabin and the operation cabin of the shield device is filled to prevent water, sand and mud from flowing in, and foam is sprayed to the face of the palm to prevent the face of the palm from collapsing mud and sand and preventing the orderly progress of excavation.
The structure of the shield apparatus can be seen in fig. 1-2.
In the method provided by the invention, the front open type (chest-open type) excavation cabin is adopted, a back-shovel excavator is used for excavation, and the breaker is provided for breaking the boulder, so that the problem of breaking the boulder with large diameter in the urban and underwater tunneling can be solved. The back-shovel excavator is a main excavating machine, and the back-shovel excavating is easy no matter the face is a sand layer or a clay layer. The boulders of large, medium and small blocks can be easily dug into the excavation cabin, and the muck is carried out by a belt conveyor (a winch). Wherein, the larger boulder can be broken into small pieces by the breaker. In the invention, when an air pressure method is adopted to pass through an excavation section, air with certain pressure is filled in the excavation cabin and the operation cabin to resist water pressure, so that water stop and stability of the tunnel face of the tunnel (tunnel) are kept. In the embodiment, the air pressure of the air can be 0.05-0.10 MPa higher than the water pressure of the tunnel face; in the practical application process, the air pressure in the excavation cabin and the operation cabin can be calculated firstly, the water head height of 10m is 1 atmospheric pressure (about 0.1 MPa) according to the water head height, 1 atmospheric pressure is added, and then the air pressure is 0.05-0.10 MPa higher to be used as a calculated value.
Therefore, by adopting the method provided by the invention, under the geological conditions that a large amount of boulders pass through the river bottom and other water saturated sand layers, the safe excavation can be ensured, water, sand and mud are prevented from flowing into the excavation cabin and the operation cabin, the collapse of the mud and sand on the tunnel face is prevented from hindering the ordered excavation by spraying foam to the tunnel face, and the boulders can be crushed by the crusher, so that the problem of crushing the boulders with large diameters underwater in cities is solved.
The shield structure device further comprises a plurality of transition cabins, the pressure of the transition cabins is lower than that of the excavation cabin 3 and the operation cabin 4, the transition cabins are located behind the operation cabin 4 and are arranged along the direction far away from the operation cabin 4, the pressure of the transition cabins is gradually reduced, in the process that an operator enters the shield structure device, the operator firstly enters the transition cabin with low air pressure and stays for a period of time for adaptation and then enters the cabin with higher pressure, and in the process that the operator leaves the shield structure device, the operator firstly enters the cabin with low air pressure and stays for a period of time for adaptation and then enters the cabin with lower pressure.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to prevent water, sand and mud from flowing into the excavation cabin and the operation cabin, high-pressure gas which is larger than the water pressure in the cabin is filled in the excavation cabin and the operation cabin, and if an operator directly enters the high-pressure excavation cabin and the operation cabin from natural normal pressure, various high-pressure reactions can occur. Therefore, in the invention, a plurality of transition cabins are arranged in the shield device, when an operator needs to enter the excavation cabin and the operation cabin, the transition cabins with gradually increased air pressure can be used for transition, so that the operator gradually adapts to the increase of the pressure and finally enters the high-pressure excavation cabin and the high-pressure operation cabin. The shield tunneling device comprises a shield tunneling device, a transition cabin, a shield tunneling device, a transmission device and a control device.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of the transition cabins may be two, which are a first transition cabin 7-1 and a second transition cabin 7-2, respectively, the first transition cabin 7-1 is disposed near the operation cabin 4, the second transition cabin is disposed behind the first transition cabin 7-2, a control cabin 11 is disposed behind the first transition cabin 7-2, a plurality of cameras are disposed in the excavation cabin 3, a display and a controller are disposed in the control cabin 11, the cameras transmit monitoring images to the display and display the monitoring images, and an operator remotely controls each operation machine to work through the controller according to display contents. In the invention, a plurality of cameras can be arranged in the excavation cabin, for example, 7-20 cameras monitor the operation condition of the excavation cabin, and an operator can remotely operate each operation machine (a backhoe type excavating device, a breaker, an ejector for ejecting foam to a tunnel face and the like) in the control cabin 11 with normal air pressure by monitoring and shooting images displayed on a display screen. Thus, it is generally not necessary for the operator to enter and exit the high pressure cabin or dig into the cabin daily.
If necessary, the operator can enter the operator compartment and view and operate the machines (backhoe-type excavating tools, breakers, sprayers for spraying foam onto the tunnel face, etc.) directly through the glazing in front of them.
If necessary, other workers can go out of the cabin through the sealing door on the side of the operation cabin, enter the excavation cabin through the upper escalator 14 and the lower escalator 14 for working, and maintain the backhoe type excavating appliance, the crusher, the belt conveyor, the hopper and the like.
When an operator enters or leaves the high-pressure cabin, transition can be carried out through the transition cabin so as to adapt to pressure change. Wherein, the pressure in the transition cabin can be set according to the inflated pressure in the excavation cabin and the operation cabin. For example, if the water pressure is 1.5 atm (about 15-16m water head), which is approximately 0.15MPa, the pressure of the air above the water addition level is about 1 atm, which means the excavation chamber should be subjected to a pressure of 0.25MPa, and therefore, the excavation chamber and the operation chamber should be pressurized to about 0.30 MPa. The working personnel can enter the low-pressure transition cabin firstly, and gas with the pressure of 0.175MPa can be filled in the low-pressure transition cabin; after the adaptation, the gas enters a transition cabin with slightly higher pressure, and the gas with 0.25MPa pressure can be filled in the transition cabin; after the adaptation, the operation platform enters an excavation cabin and an operation cabin. The adaptation time in the transition cabin can be 0.5-1.5 hours.
The belt conveyer comprises a front section 9-1 and a rear section 9-2, soil, sand, stone and boulder in the excavation cabin firstly enter the front section 9-1 of the belt conveyer in the excavation cabin 3, the soil, sand, stone and boulder carried out by the front section pass through a sealing funnel 13, then are unloaded into the rear section 9-2 of the belt conveyer in a working sealing transition cabin 10-a with the air pressure consistent with that of the second transition cabin 7-2, and finally are conveyed and carried out through a natural gas ballast 10-b.
And mud, sand, boulders and the like dug out by the excavation cabin are transported out of the cabin through a belt conveyor. As the excavation cabin is filled with high-pressure gas, the front section 9-1 of the belt conveyer is positioned in the excavation cabin, so that the pressure of the belt conveyer is consistent with that of the excavation cabin. The mud, sand, boulder and the like which are transported out are discharged into the rear section 9-2 of the belt conveyor of the working sealed transition cabin with the same air pressure as the second transition cabin through the sealed hopper 13, and finally transported and transported out through the natural gas ballast.
In this embodiment, the backhoe-type excavating device 5, the breaker 6 and the injector 16 for injecting foam to the tunnel face are all installed at the front end of the operation cabin 4, the transition cabins 5 and 6 and the control cabin 11 are located at the upper layer and are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end, the excavation cabin 3 is a full-section open type, the working seal transition cabin 10-a and the natural gas ballast cabin 10-b are located at the lower layer and are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end, the cabins are welded and connected through the steel plate 15, each cabin is provided with a sealing door 8, and an operator can enter the excavation cabin 3 from the operation cabin 4 or the first transition cabin 7-1 through the sealing door 8, enter the working seal transition cabin 10-a from the excavation cabin 3, and enter the natural gas ballast cabin 10-b through the working seal transition cabin 10-a.
Wherein, each sealing door is used for isolating each different pressure chamber, and the sealing door is a door which is required to pass in and out each different pressure chamber. The joint parts of all the chambers are welded and connected by steel plates, so that air leakage of different pressure chambers is prevented.
The pressure of the gas filled in the excavation cabin 3 and the operation cabin 4 is 0.05-0.10 MPa higher than the water pressure in the cabin.
During the excavation process, the water pressure in the sand layer and the soil layer on and near the tunnel face is measured continuously.
According to the invention, the water pressure in sand and soil on the tunnel face and the side wall of the excavation cabin can be monitored at any time, and the inflation pressure in the excavation cabin, the operation cabin and the transition cabin is adjusted.
In each cabin, at least two cameras and an intercom device are arranged, and the cameras and the intercom device are connected with a master control room or a scheduling room.
By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained: the invention provides a shield excavation method for passing through a water-saturated sand layer and having a large number of boulders in the sand layer, which adopts a front open type (chest-open type) excavation cabin to excavate by a backhoe excavator, is provided with a breaker to break the boulders, adopts an air pressure method to pass through an excavation section, fills air with certain pressure in the excavation cabin and an operation cabin to resist water pressure, and keeps the water stop and the stability of the tunnel face of a tunnel (tunnel). Therefore, by adopting the method provided by the invention, under the geological conditions that a large amount of boulders pass through the river bottom and other water saturated sand layers, safe excavation can be ensured, water, sand and mud are prevented from flowing into an excavation cabin and an operation cabin, the collapse of the mud and the sand on the tunnel face is prevented from hindering the ordered excavation by spraying foam to the tunnel face, and the boulders can be crushed by a crusher, so that the problem of crushing the boulders with large diameters in cities and under the water is solved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A shield excavation method through a water-saturated sand layer and with a large number of boulders in the sand layer is characterized in that a cabin-opening type shield device is adopted, a backhoe type excavating tool is adopted for excavation, soil, sand, stones and boulders are raked towards an excavation cabin and conveyed out through a belt conveyer, and meanwhile, a breaker is used for breaking the boulders; in the excavation process of the water-saturated sand layer, high-pressure gas with the pressure higher than the water pressure in the excavation cabin and the operation cabin of the shield device is filled to prevent water, sand and mud from flowing in, and foam is sprayed to the palm surface to prevent the collapse of the mud and sand on the palm surface from hindering the orderly progress of excavation;
the shield device also comprises a plurality of transition cabins, the pressure of the transition cabins is lower than that of the excavation cabin and the operation cabin, the transition cabins are arranged behind the operation cabin and along the direction far away from the operation cabin, the pressure of the transition cabins is gradually reduced, an operator firstly enters the cabin with low air pressure and stays for a period of time for adaptation in the process of entering the shield device and then enters the cabin with higher pressure, and the operator firstly enters the cabin with low air pressure and stays for a period of time for adaptation in the process of leaving the shield device and then enters the cabin with lower pressure;
the device comprises an excavation cabin, a control cabin, two transition cabins, a display and a controller, wherein the two transition cabins are respectively a first transition cabin and a second transition cabin, the first transition cabin is arranged close to an operation cabin, the control cabin is arranged behind the second transition cabin, a plurality of cameras are arranged in the excavation cabin, the control cabin is internally provided with the display and the controller, the cameras send monitoring images to the display and display the monitoring images, and an operator remotely controls each operation machine to work through the controller according to display contents;
the belt conveyer comprises a front section and a rear section, soil, sand, stone and boulder which are carried to the belt conveyer from the excavation cabin firstly enter the front section of the belt conveyer which is positioned in the excavation cabin, the soil, the sand, the stone and the boulder which are carried out by the front section are unloaded into the rear section of the belt conveyer which is positioned in the working sealed transition cabin with the same air pressure as the second transition cabin through a sealing funnel, and finally are carried out through natural gas ballast.
2. The shield excavation method according to claim 1, wherein the backhoe, the breaker, and the ejector for ejecting foam to the tunnel face are installed at the front end of the operation cabin, the transition cabin, and the control cabin are located at the upper layer and sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end, the excavation cabin, the working seal transition cabin, and the natural gas pressure cabin are located at the lower layer and sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end, the cabins are welded and connected by a steel plate, each cabin is provided with a sealing door, and an operator can enter the excavation cabin from the operation cabin or the first transition cabin, enter the working seal transition cabin from the excavation cabin, and enter the natural gas pressure cabin through the working seal transition cabin.
3. The shield excavation method according to claim 1, wherein the excavation chamber and the operation chamber are filled with gas pressure 0.05 to 0.10MPa higher than the water pressure in the chamber.
4. The shield excavation method according to claim 1, wherein water pressure in the sand layer and the soil layer on and near the tunnel face is continuously measured during excavation.
5. The shield excavation method according to claim 1, wherein at least two cameras and an intercom device are arranged in each cabin, and the cameras and the intercom device are connected with a master control room or a dispatching room.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910295606.5A CN110030006B (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2019-04-12 | Shield excavation method through water-saturated sand layer and with a large number of boulders in sand layer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910295606.5A CN110030006B (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2019-04-12 | Shield excavation method through water-saturated sand layer and with a large number of boulders in sand layer |
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| CN110030006A CN110030006A (en) | 2019-07-19 |
| CN110030006B true CN110030006B (en) | 2020-09-01 |
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| CN112294577A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-02-02 | 成都天空燃控科技股份有限公司 | A transition cabin for life cabin business turn over |
| CN113482641B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-11-17 | 盾构及掘进技术国家重点实验室 | Normal pressure working cabin device for slurry shield |
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