CN110026414B - Device and method for disposing waste by utilizing rotating arc plasma - Google Patents
Device and method for disposing waste by utilizing rotating arc plasma Download PDFInfo
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- CN110026414B CN110026414B CN201910334782.5A CN201910334782A CN110026414B CN 110026414 B CN110026414 B CN 110026414B CN 201910334782 A CN201910334782 A CN 201910334782A CN 110026414 B CN110026414 B CN 110026414B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
- B09B3/29—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix involving a melting or softening step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for disposing wastes by utilizing rotating arc plasma, wherein the device comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, a hollow electrode rod extending into the furnace body is arranged in the center of the furnace cover, a main feeding channel is arranged at the longitudinal center of the hollow electrode rod in a penetrating way, an electrode ring opposite to the hollow electrode rod is embedded at the bottom of the furnace body, the outer diameter of the electrode ring is larger than that of the hollow electrode rod, a magnetic field generating device is arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body corresponding to the space between the lower end of the hollow electrode rod and the electrode ring, the hollow electrode rod, the electrode ring and a power supply are connected in series to form a discharge loop, and annular rotating arc plasma is formed between the hollow electrode rod and the electrode ring; the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a discharge port A for discharging tail gas and molten glass generated after the waste is melted at high temperature. The invention enables the electric arc formed by the discharge of the cathode and the anode to form a rotating arc under the action of the magnetic field by arranging the coil, thereby avoiding the steep temperature gradient in the furnace, forming a large high-temperature area and improving the uniformity of the temperature distribution in the furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment and disposal, in particular to a device and a method for disposing hazardous waste such as municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and the like by utilizing rotating arc plasma.
Background
The rotary kiln incineration disposal of hazardous wastes and the household garbage incineration power generation are the main technical means for disposing solid hazardous wastes at present. However, the fly ash generated by burning garbage is dangerous waste, which contains a large amount of heavy metals (such as Pb, Cr, Hg, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Al, etc.) and dioxin and furan organic pollutants, wherein dioxin accounts for more than 60% of the total amount of products generated in the burning process, and the state clearly stipulates that the fly ash can be buried after being subjected to cement stabilization and solidification. However, with the improvement of living standard of people, the enhancement of environmental protection consciousness and the invaluable of land resources, the landfill disposal is not a long-term measure. The technology of converting fly ash into vitreous body for reuse through plasma melting treatment is developed at home and abroad.
The waste materials such as fly ash and the like are heated and melted at high temperature and then discharged through a slag discharge port by European plasma company (Europlasma), West House and Plasco by adopting a plasma torch technology, and vitrified slag is formed after cooling. The plasma torch melting treatment technology has the problems that the service life of the torch is short, a large amount of working gas needs to be supplied, the tail gas treatment capacity and energy consumption are increased, the treatment cost is high, equipment is expensive, the plasma torch needs to be shut down and frequently replaced, and long-time continuous treatment is not facilitated.
British plasma (Tetronics International) employs plasma fixed arc technology to dispose of hazardous waste. The technology is that raw materials to be processed are fed into a sealed furnace, and the raw materials are heated and melted in a temperature-controlled environment by using plasma arcs to form a glass body, wherein the plasma arcs can be generated by using a single or a plurality of plasma electrodes.
Chinese patent ZL200610020124.4 discloses a waste disposal plasma reactor. The hollow graphite electrode bar is positioned in the central part of the furnace body, and the fly ash and the broken electronic garbage are directly conveyed into the plasma melting furnace from the hollow channel of the graphite electrode. The graphite electrode bar and a graphite crucible at the bottom of the furnace generate fixed rotating arc plasma to melt and dispose the wastes. According to the circuit principle, the fixed arc discharge current between the two electrodes passes along the path of minimum resistance, the current channel is positioned in the center of the furnace body, the temperature gradient of the furnace body is steep, the arc power needs to be improved in order to prevent the over-low temperature of the furnace wall, and the energy consumption for treatment is increased.
Chinese patent CN101088581A discloses a method and a special device for treating toxic and harmful waste. The feed inlet of the treatment furnace is positioned at the upper part of the furnace wall, and the tail gas outlet is opposite to the feed inlet. Under the condition of negative pressure in the furnace, quite a lot of fly ash with the particle size of micron is easy to float into a tail gas outlet from a feed inlet without being heated and melted and enters a tail gas treatment system. The consequence is: the secondary fly ash yield is over high and can reach 50 percent of the feeding amount, so that the treatment efficiency is greatly reduced; the tail gas conveying pipeline at the rear end is blocked, so that the pressure of tail gas treatment is increased; and the fly ash is directly fed without pretreatment such as granulation, which can cause accidents of wall hanging and bridging and is unfavorable for continuous operation.
Chinese patent CN101797572A discloses a method for treating fly ash from waste incineration with plasma. Adjusting the weight ratio of CaO to SiO2 in the waste incineration fly ash, then carrying out granulation pretreatment, conveying fly ash particles into a metal melting pool in a plasma reaction furnace through a dividing wheel, and carrying out water quenching on the fly ash melt to form granules; and (4) harmlessly treating the tail gas by a treatment system. The invention solves the bridging problem of the waste incineration fly ash by adopting plasma equipment, the problem of jamming of a feeder, the problem of pipeline blockage caused by the diffusion of the fly ash along with tail gas and the problem of harmless treatment of the tail gas. However, the patent still adopts the fixed arc plasma technology, the radial temperature distribution of the furnace body is steeper, and the accidents of solidification and wall hanging of the low-melting-body at the temperature of the furnace wall and blockage of the discharging hole of the melting body are easily caused. And the disposal cost of the fixed arc is high (1.5-2.0 KVA/Kg), and is difficult to be accepted by the market. In addition, due to the low thermal conductivity of the melt, after the melt is discharged and enters cooling water, the surface of the melt is rapidly condensed to form a thin shell to shrink, the pressure of the melt in the melt is instantly increased to break the thin shell to expand, thin-walled hollow particles with different sizes and shapes are formed, the mechanical strength is not high, and the recycling value is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of steep temperature gradient and uneven high-temperature distribution of a furnace body caused by a fixed arc, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for treating wastes by utilizing rotating arc plasma.
According to the first aspect, the device for disposing wastes by using rotating arc plasma comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, wherein a hollow electrode rod extending into the furnace body is arranged in the center of the furnace cover, the hollow part of the hollow electrode rod is a main feeding channel with two open ends, an electrode ring opposite to the hollow electrode rod is embedded at the bottom of the furnace body, the outer diameter of the electrode ring is larger than that of the hollow electrode rod, a magnetic field generating device is arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body corresponding to the position between the lower end of the hollow electrode rod and the electrode ring, the hollow electrode rod, the electrode ring and a power supply are connected in series to form a discharge loop, and electric arcs between the lower end of the hollow electrode rod and the electrode ring form trapezoidal annular rotating arc plasma under the action of a magnetic field; the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a discharge port A for discharging tail gas and molten glass generated after the waste is melted at high temperature.
In the technical scheme, the formation of the trapezoidal annular rotating arc plasma improves the uniformity of the temperature space distribution in the furnace, avoids the condensation and wall hanging of furnace wall melt, increases the fluidity of the melt, and is beneficial to improving the enrichment rate of heavy metals.
In one embodiment, the cross-section of the electrode ring is equal to the effective cross-section of the hollow electrode rod in order to ensure the uniformity of the arc formation. Further preferably, the hollow electrode rod is a hollow graphite electrode rod, and the electrode ring is a graphite ring.
In one embodiment, the electrode ring is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply and the electrode ring is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
In one embodiment, the magnetic field generating device is a coil connected with a power supply; the coil surrounds the outer wall of the furnace body, and the coil independently forms a loop with a power supply, or the coil forms a loop with the hollow electrode bar and the electrode ring.
In one embodiment, the power supply is a direct current constant current power supply, and the current range is 10sA to 1000sA, and more preferably 10A to 5000A.
In one embodiment, the number of turns of the coil is between 10 and 20, and the number of turns of the coil can be increased if the rotation speed of the arc is to be increased.
In one embodiment, the furnace cover is provided with 2-4 feeding holes along the periphery of the hollow electrode rod, and the feeding holes are uniformly distributed outside the hollow electrode rod; the feeder is correspondingly arranged above the feed inlet and the main feed channel.
In one embodiment, the discharge port A is a shared discharge port and is used for discharging tail gas and molten glass bodies generated after the wastes are melted at high temperature; the heat of the high-temperature tail gas is used for preserving the heat of the shared discharge hole, so that the molten glass body is prevented from being condensed and blocked at the shared discharge hole, and continuous operation is realized; an arc-shaped or U-shaped partition plate is vertically fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body corresponding to the shared discharge port, the upper end and the lower end of the partition plate both exceed the upper end and the lower end of the shared discharge port, and the exceeding distance is 15-20 cm; the outer wall of the furnace body corresponding to the shared discharge port is provided with a tail gas outlet which is communicated with the shared discharge port and faces upwards and a molten glass body outlet which is communicated with the shared discharge port and faces downwards.
In one embodiment, the lower part of the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a discharge hole B for discharging the heavy metal enriched molten glass body; the discharge port B is in a normally closed state, and when production is stopped or furnace shutdown maintenance is carried out, the glass melt which is enriched with heavy metals in the hearth is discharged through the discharge port B.
In one embodiment, the hollow electrode rod is movably inserted into a mounting hole formed in the furnace cover, the upper part of the hollow electrode rod is connected with an automatic lifting system arranged outside the furnace body, and the length of the hollow electrode rod is larger than the distance from the bottom of the furnace body to the top of the furnace cover. The hollow electrode rod is controlled to lift through an automatic lifting system, in order to ensure contact type arcing, the inner diameter of an electrode ring is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the hollow electrode rod, the hollow electrode rod is in contact with the electrode ring, after arcing, current flowing through coils positioned on the outer sides of two electrode discharge areas generates a stable magnetic field, and arcs form annular rotating arcs under the action of Lorentz force.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of disposing waste using rotating arc plasma, using any one of the apparatus provided in the first aspect, comprising the steps of:
(1) granulating the fly ash to form a material for later use;
(2) starting the magnetic field generating device, and switching on a power supply to form trapezoidal annular rotating arc plasma between the hollow electrode rod and the electrode circular ring;
(3) when the average temperature in the furnace body reaches 1200 ℃, part of the materials in the step (1) are uniformly and continuously fed into the furnace body through a feeding port arranged on a furnace cover, so that the materials are uniformly accumulated around the hollow electrode rod, and the lower end of the hollow electrode rod is submerged;
(4) uniformly and continuously feeding the other part of the material in the step (1) into the high-temperature rotating arc plasma through a main feeding channel in the hollow electrode rod; and tail gas and molten glass generated by the materials in the furnace under the action of the rotating arc plasma are discharged from a discharge hole A.
In the method, the fly ash is granulated and pretreated, so that the problems of wall hanging and bridging of the waste incineration fly ash are effectively solved, the granulated materials are added into the furnace body, the electric arc is submerged by the materials to form a submerged arc melting mode, the materials are melted under the action of high temperature to form a molten glass body, the materials added from the feeding port are suspended on the liquid level of the molten glass body, the suspended materials inhibit the radiation of electric arc heat to the furnace top, the energy utilization rate of electric arc melting is improved, and the energy consumption is 45-60 percent less than that of a conventional fixed arc plasma melting furnace; the materials fed from the main feeding channel in the hollow electrode rod directly enter the high-temperature arc area, and the injection feeding avoids dust emission in the feeding process and reduces the generation of secondary fly ash.
In one embodiment, in the step (1), when the fly ash is granulated, auxiliary materials are required to be added for compatibility, the auxiliary materials include a trapping agent, a solvent and a reducing agent, and the weight ratio of the fly ash to the auxiliary materials is as follows: fly ash: a trapping agent: solvent: and (3) drying the granulated fly ash after finishing granulation, wherein the reducing agent is 100: 1-6: 1-2: 0.3-0.5.
In one embodiment, the collector adopts iron ore powder, the solvent adopts quartz sand, and the reducing agent adopts carbon powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an automatic lifting system arranged outside the furnace body;
FIG. 3 is a micrograph of vitreous slag.
In the figure, 1, a hollow electrode rod; 2. a primary feed channel; 3. a feed inlet; 4. a furnace body; 5. material preparation; 6. melting a glass body; 7. a coil; 8. rotating the arc plasma; 9. an electrode ring; 10. a furnace cover; 11. a partition plate; 12. a tail gas outlet; 13. a discharge hole A; 14. an outlet for molten glass mass; 15. a discharge hole B; 16. a fixing member; 17. a cross beam; 18. a pillar; 19. an automatic lifting system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a device for disposing wastes by utilizing rotating arc plasma, which comprises a furnace body 4 and a furnace cover 10 buckled on the furnace body, wherein the center of the furnace cover 10 is provided with a hollow electrode bar 1 extending into the furnace body, the hollow part of the hollow electrode bar 1 is a main feeding channel 2 with two open ends, the furnace body is constructed by refractory bricks, an electrode ring 9 opposite to the hollow electrode bar is embedded in the bottom of the furnace body, the electrode ring is exposed in the furnace and not exposed outside the furnace, and the outer diameter of the electrode ring is larger than the outer diameter of the hollow electrode bar; a magnetic field generating device for generating a vertical magnetic field is arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body corresponding to the space between the lower end of the hollow electrode bar and the electrode circular ring, the hollow electrode bar, the electrode circular ring and a power supply are connected in series to form a discharge loop, and trapezoidal annular rotating arc plasma 8 is formed between the lower end of the hollow electrode bar and the electrode circular ring; the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a discharge port A13 for discharging tail gas and molten glass 6 generated after the waste is melted at high temperature.
The cavity electrode stick lower extreme forms the outside arc to one side with electrode ring discharge, arc current direction from the top down or from the bottom up on the vertical direction, the magnetic field generating device outside the furnace body starts the back, can produce the steady magnetic field of vertical direction, vertical magnetic field promotes the arc rotation to the lorentz force of arc current horizontal direction's component production horizontal direction, the arc produces a large amount of heats, the temperature space distribution in the stove has been improved, avoid the heat to concentrate on the wall built-up that condenses of furnace body center and oven wall fused glass body, and the mobility of fused glass body has been increased, do benefit to the enrichment ratio of heavy metal in the improvement waste material.
In order to ensure uniform and stable arc formation, the cross-sectional area of the ring part of the electrode ring 9 is equal to the effective cross-sectional area of the hollow electrode rod 1. Further preferably, the hollow electrode rod is a hollow graphite electrode rod, and the electrode ring is a graphite ring.
Specifically, the magnetic field generating device is a coil 7 connected with a power supply, the coil 7 horizontally surrounds the outer wall of the furnace body, the coil can independently form a loop with the power supply, or the coil, a hollow electrode rod and an electrode ring form a loop, and the latter is preferred in order to save equipment cost; to improve efficiency, the power supply is preferably a dc constant current power supply. The rotation speed of the arc can be achieved by adjusting the arc current value or the number of turns of the coil.
Preferably, the electrode ring is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the electrode ring is connected with the negative pole of the power supply. The current of the power supply is preferably 10sA-1000sA, namely dozens of amperes to thousands of amperes, and is further preferably 10A-5000A, and due to the fact that the power supply is supplied by direct current of large current, the coil 7 has no inductive reactance loss, only generates resistance ohmic heat, and needs to be cooled by water.
In particular, the number of turns of the coil may be set between 10-20, and the number of turns of the coil may be increased if the rotational speed of the arc is to be increased.
In order to uniformly feed materials into the furnace body, preferably, the furnace cover is provided with 2-4 feed inlets 3 along the periphery of the hollow electrode rod, and the feed inlets are uniformly distributed outside the hollow electrode rod; the feeder is correspondingly arranged above the feeding hole and the main feeding channel, specifically, the feeder can be a dividing wheel conveyor, and materials are fed into the furnace from the feeding hole and are uniformly stacked around the hollow electrode rod to submerge the electric arc.
Specifically, two discharge ports a can be provided, one is used for discharging tail gas, and one is used for discharging molten mass, preferably, one discharge port a is provided, and is used for discharging tail gas and discharging molten mass simultaneously, that is, the discharge port a is a shared discharge port, and high-temperature tail gas and molten glass mass generated by melting waste in the furnace are both discharged from the shared discharge port, and the heat of the high-temperature tail gas keeps the temperature of the shared discharge port, so that the molten glass mass is prevented from being condensed and blocked, and continuous operation is realized.
When the discharge port A is a shared discharge port, a circular arc-shaped or U-shaped partition plate 11 is vertically fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body corresponding to the shared discharge port, the upper end and the lower end of the partition plate 11 both exceed the upper end and the lower end of the shared discharge port, preferably, the exceeding distance is 15-20cm, and the partition plate is made of a refractory material; preferably, the distance between the partition plate 11 and the side wall of the furnace body is less than that between the feed port and the side wall of the furnace body, and further preferably, the distance between the partition plate and the side wall of the furnace body is more than 10cm and less than 1/3 of the radius in the furnace in order to prevent the partition plate from being damaged when the partition plate is too close to a central high-temperature area in the furnace and further prevent the service life from being shortened; the outer wall of the furnace body corresponding to the shared discharge port is provided with a tail gas outlet 12 communicated with the shared discharge port and arranged upwards and a molten glass body outlet 14 communicated with the shared discharge port and arranged downwards, the tail gas outlet 12 is connected with a tail gas treatment system, a collecting device is arranged outside the molten glass body outlet 14, a cooling device is arranged outside the collecting device, and the cooling device is cooled by conventional water.
The tail gas treatment system comprises a heat exchanger, a cyclone dust collector, a bag-type dust collector, an active carbon adsorption device and an acid washing tower which are sequentially connected, and related equipment and parameters can be selected from conventional equipment and parameters in the field; the tail gas in the furnace passes through an upper opening formed by the partition board and the furnace wall, is sent into a tail gas treatment system through a shared discharge port and a tail gas outlet 12, is rapidly quenched to cross a dioxin synthesis temperature zone (250-550 ℃), is subjected to cyclone dust removal, cloth bag dust removal, activated carbon adsorption and acid washing in an acid washing tower in sequence, and is finally discharged after reaching the standard. When the molten glass level in the furnace is higher than the bottom of the shared discharge port, the molten glass overflows from the lower opening formed by the partition plate and the furnace wall, flows out through the shared discharge port and the molten glass outlet 14, and is cooled by the cooling device to form a glass body, as shown in fig. 3.
Further preferably, the lower part of the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a discharge port B15 for discharging the fused glass body enriched with heavy metals, and the heavy metals can be recycled; the discharge port B is in a normally closed state, and when production is stopped or furnace shutdown maintenance is carried out, the glass melt which is enriched with heavy metals in the hearth is discharged through the discharge port B.
The method for processing the waste by using the device for processing the waste by the rotating arc plasma comprises the following steps:
(1) granulating the fly ash to form a material for later use;
(2) switching on a power supply, starting the magnetic field generating device, and forming rotating arc plasma between the lower end of the hollow electrode rod and the electrode circular ring;
(3) when the average temperature in the furnace body reaches 1200 ℃, part of the materials in the step (1) are uniformly and continuously fed into the furnace body through a feeding port arranged on a furnace cover, so that the materials are uniformly accumulated around the hollow electrode rod, and the lower end of the hollow electrode rod is submerged;
(4) uniformly and continuously feeding the other part of the material in the step (1) into a high-temperature arc area through a main feeding channel in the hollow electrode rod; tail gas and molten glass formed by the materials in the furnace under the action of the rotating arc plasma are discharged through a discharge hole A;
(5) when the production is stopped or the furnace is shut down for maintenance, the glass melt enriched with heavy metals in the hearth is discharged through the discharge port B.
In the step (1), when the fly ash is subjected to granulation pretreatment, auxiliary materials are required to be added for compatibility, the auxiliary materials comprise a trapping agent, a solvent and a reducing agent, and the weight ratio of the fly ash to the auxiliary materials is as follows: fly ash: a trapping agent: solvent: and (3) uniformly mixing the reducing agents with the ratio of 100: 1-6: 1-2: 0.3-0.5, granulating and drying. The collector adopts iron ore powder, the solvent adopts quartz sand, and the reducing agent adopts carbon powder. Heavy metals in the fly ash are reduced under the action of the reducing agent and are reduced from a toxic state to a non-toxic state, and are discharged from the fused glass body outlet 14 along with the fused glass body, so that the heavy metals can be recycled, and secondary pollution to the environment is avoided.
In the steps (2) to (4), a power supply is switched on to generate electric arc, after the temperature in the furnace reaches 1200 ℃, materials formed by granulation in the step (1) are added into the furnace body, the materials are uniformly accumulated around the hollow electrode rod, the lower end of the hollow electrode rod is submerged, namely the electric arc is submerged, the operation of a submerged arc melting mode is formed, the materials are melted under the action of high temperature to form molten glass, and the materials formed by fly ash granulation have the specific gravity (1.0 g/cm) due to continuous feeding of the materials from a feeding port3) Less than the specific gravity of the molten glass body (2.8 g/cm)3) The later added materials are suspended on the liquid surface of the molten glass body, the suspended and accumulated materials inhibit the radiation of arc heat to the furnace top, the energy utilization rate of arc melting is improved, and the energy consumption is 45 to 60 percent less than that of a conventional fixed arc plasma melting furnace; the main feeding is carried out from the main feeding channel in the hollow electrode rod, and the main feeding directly enters the high-temperature arc area in the accumulated material, so that the injection type feeding avoids dust raising in the feeding process, and the generation of secondary fly ash is greatly reduced.
Example 2
Because the contact type arcing has small change of electric arc and high heat quantity, the invention prefers contact type arcing, in order to ensure the contact type arcing, the inner diameter of the electrode ring 9 is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the hollow electrode bar 1, the length of the hollow electrode bar 1 is more than the distance from the bottom of the furnace body 4 to the top of the furnace cover 10, the hollow electrode bar is movably inserted in a mounting hole arranged in the center of the furnace cover, the upper end of the hollow electrode bar penetrates out of the furnace cover, is connected with an automatic lifting system 19 arranged outside the furnace body, the automatic lifting system 19 can adopt commercial equipment, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, specifically, the automatic lifting system 19 includes a vertical column 18 and a beam 17 vertically slidably mounted on the vertical column 18, the beam 17 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hollow electrode rod through a fixing member 16, and the beam 17 is driven by a power mechanism to drive the hollow electrode rod 1 to slide up and down, so as to contact and separate the hollow electrode rod 1 and the electrode ring 9.
The method for treating wastes using the apparatus for treating wastes using rotating arc plasma provided in example 2 is different from the method of example 1 in the manner of striking the arcs in step (2), specifically, the hollow electrode rod 1 is moved by the automatic lifting system 19 to contact the electrode ring 9 for striking the arcs, the hollow electrode rod 1 is lifted after striking the arcs to separate the hollow electrode rod 1 from the electrode ring 9, and rotating arc plasma is formed between the lower end of the hollow electrode rod and the electrode ring.
And setting various parameters of the treatment device and the treatment method according to actual requirements.
The main test results will be described below, wherein 12 tons of fly ash are treated daily by the above treatment method, 51 tons of fly ash are continuously treated, and the volume is reduced by 65% and the weight is reduced by 30% through tests.
The results of detecting the main components of raw material (fly ash), slag (vitreous body), soot (exhaust gas outlet attachment), secondary fly ash (exhaust gas treated by the exhaust gas treatment system) and the like by using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) are shown in table 1:
table 1 units of detection results of raw material, slag, soot, secondary fly ash: mg/kg
The detection results of the components of the exhaust gas are shown in table 2:
table 2 exhaust gas component detection results
In table 2, the detection result "ND" indicates no detection, and "/" indicates that the emission concentration of the detection item is less than the detection limit, so the emission rate does not need to be calculated.
The parameters of the incinerator corresponding to the exhaust gas detection items in table 2 are shown in table 3:
table 3: parameters of incinerator exhaust gas
The results of measuring the heavy metal content in the slag (i.e., molten glass) are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 detection of heavy metal components in slag
The detection of heavy metal and harmful gas components in the tail gas is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 detection results of heavy metal and harmful gas components in tail gas
The vitreous hardness measurements are shown in table 6:
table 6 vitreous hardness HV test units: kg/mm2
The microscopic morphology of the vitreous body is shown in FIG. 3.
The results of the metal leaching toxicity test for glass body weight are shown in table 7:
TABLE 7 results of the glass body weight metal leaching toxicity test
The detection results of dioxin content detection are shown in table 8:
TABLE 8 detection results of dioxin content
| Kind of sample | Unit of | Dioxin content |
| Fly ash (Yuan Qiang) | ng/g I-TEQ | 0.4102 |
| |
ng I-TEQ/Nm3(11％O2) | 1.179 |
| |
ng I-TEQ/Nm3(11％O2) | 0.029 |
| Secondary fly ash | ng/g I-TEQ | 0.1136 |
| Vitreous slag | ng/gI-TEQ | 3.531×10-4 |
In table 8, tail gas 1 is the exhaust gas before entering the exhaust gas treatment system, untreated; the tail gas 2 is the exhaust gas after passing through a waste gas treatment system; emission standard of dioxin in the national Standard hazardous waste incineration pollution control Standard (GB18484-2001) is 0.5ngTEQ/Nm3(ii) a Emission standard of dioxin in the Standard for controlling pollution from incineration of domestic waste (GB18485-2014) is 0.1ng TEQ/Nm3(ii) a As can be seen from Table 8, the dioxin contents in the tail gas 2, the secondary fly ash and the vitreous slag all meet the corresponding national standards.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of various embodiments of the present invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for disposing wastes by utilizing rotating arc plasma comprises a furnace body (4) and a furnace cover (10), wherein a feed inlet (3) is formed in the furnace cover, a hollow electrode rod (1) extending into the furnace body is arranged in the center of the furnace cover, the hollow part of the hollow electrode rod is a main feed channel (2) with two open ends, and the device is characterized in that an electrode ring (9) opposite to the hollow electrode rod is embedded at the bottom of the furnace body, the outer diameter of the electrode ring is larger than that of the hollow electrode rod, a magnetic field generating device is arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body corresponding to the position between the lower end of the hollow electrode rod and the electrode ring, the hollow electrode rod, the electrode ring and a power supply are connected in series to form a discharge loop, and electric arcs between the hollow electrode rod and the electrode ring form trapezoidal annular rotating arc plasma (8) under the action of a magnetic field; the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a discharge hole A (13) for discharging tail gas and molten glass (6) generated after the waste is melted at high temperature;
the number of the feed inlets is 2-4, the feed inlets are uniformly distributed around the hollow electrode rod, and feeders are correspondingly arranged above the feed inlets and the main feed channel;
the discharge port A is a shared discharge port and is used for simultaneously discharging tail gas and molten glass generated after waste is melted at high temperature, a circular arc or U-shaped partition plate (11) is vertically fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body corresponding to the discharge port A, the upper end and the lower end of the partition plate both exceed the upper end and the lower end of the shared discharge port, and the exceeding distance is 15-20 cm; the outer wall of the furnace body corresponding to the shared discharge port is provided with a tail gas outlet (12) which is communicated with the shared discharge port and faces upwards and a molten glass body outlet (14) which is communicated with the shared discharge port and faces downwards.
2. The apparatus for disposing of waste with rotating arc plasma of claim 1, wherein the annular cross section of the electrode ring is equal to the effective cross section of the hollow electrode rod.
3. The apparatus for disposing wastes using rotating arc plasma according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating means is a coil (7) connected to a power supply, the coil is wound around the outer wall of the furnace body, the number of turns of the coil is 10-20, the coil is separately looped with the power supply, or the coil is looped with the hollow electrode rod and the electrode ring, the power supply is a direct current constant current power supply, and the current range is 10A-5000A.
4. The apparatus for disposing of waste using rotating arc plasma as claimed in claim 1, wherein the off-gas outlet is connected to an off-gas treatment system, the molten glass outlet is connected to a collection device, and a cooling device is provided outside the collection device.
5. The apparatus for disposing of waste by utilizing rotating arc plasma according to claim 1, wherein a discharge port B (15) for discharging the molten glass body enriched with heavy metal is opened at a lower portion of the side wall of the furnace body.
6. The apparatus for disposing wastes with the use of rotating arc plasma according to claim 1, wherein the hollow electrode rod is movably inserted into a mounting hole formed in the furnace cover, the upper portion of the hollow electrode rod is connected to an automatic elevating system (19) provided outside the furnace body, the length of the hollow electrode rod is longer than the distance from the bottom of the furnace body to the top of the furnace cover, and the inner diameter of the electrode ring is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the hollow electrode rod.
7. A method for disposing waste using rotating arc plasma, which employs the apparatus for disposing waste using rotating arc plasma according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) granulating the fly ash to form a material for later use;
(2) switching on a power supply, starting the magnetic field generating device, and forming trapezoidal annular rotating arc plasma between the lower end of the hollow electrode rod and the electrode circular ring;
(3) when the average temperature in the furnace body reaches 1200 ℃, uniformly and continuously feeding part of the materials in the step (1) into the furnace body through a feeding port, so that the materials are uniformly accumulated around the hollow electrode rod, and submerging the lower end of the hollow electrode rod;
(4) uniformly and continuously feeding the other part of the material in the step (1) into a high-temperature arc area through a main feeding channel; and tail gas and molten glass formed by the materials in the furnace under the action of the rotating arc plasma are discharged from a discharge port A.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), when the fly ash is granulated, auxiliary materials are added for compatibility, the auxiliary materials comprise a collector, a solvent and a reducing agent, and the fly ash and the auxiliary materials are mixed according to the following weight ratio: fly ash: a trapping agent: solvent: and (3) drying the granulated fly ash after finishing granulation, wherein the reducing agent is 100: 1-6: 1-2: 0.3-0.5.
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