CN100406803C - Plasma reaction furnace for processing waste - Google Patents
Plasma reaction furnace for processing waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN100406803C CN100406803C CN2006100601244A CN200610060124A CN100406803C CN 100406803 C CN100406803 C CN 100406803C CN 2006100601244 A CN2006100601244 A CN 2006100601244A CN 200610060124 A CN200610060124 A CN 200610060124A CN 100406803 C CN100406803 C CN 100406803C
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- furnace
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a plasma reaction furnace for treating waste, which comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, wherein the inner side of the furnace body is provided with a refractory furnace liner and a heat-insulated insulating layer, the side surface of the bottom of the furnace chamber is provided with a molten mass outlet, and the furnace wall is provided with a gas outlet. The center of the furnace cover is provided with a hollow graphite electrode extending into a furnace, and a channel penetrating through the whole hollow graphite electrode is arranged in the hollow graphite electrode; the bottom of the furnace body is also provided with a second electrode which is opposite to the hollow graphite electrode, and a graphite extraction electrode connected with the second electrode; an arc zone is formed between the hollow graphite electrode and the second electrode to generate hot plasma. The present invention directly sends crushed solid and /or liquid and gaseous waste near a plasma high-temperature region through an inner passage of the hollow graphite electrode to be treated, the energy usage ratio and the treatment efficiency are high, and the volume of a reaction furnace is correspondingly reduced. The present invention is particularly suitable for treating flyash generated after garbage is incinerated, crushed electronic garbage, and liquid or gaseous poisonous hazardous waste.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of waste treatment apparatus, be meant a kind of plasma reaction furnace for processing waste especially.
[background technology]
Along with industrial fast development, it is serious day by day that environmental pollution becomes.Artificial synthetic all kinds of chemical substance kinds increase just with surprising rapidity, wherein much are harmful or poisonous.For example, once as the Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) of high-tension transformer oil, highly toxic pesticide BHC, DDT etc. had high toxicity and high residue, can enrichment in human body and animal body by underground water and food chain, thus cause cancer and genetic mutation; As fluorine Lyons compounds of refrigerant and as the halide of solvent etc. is the arch-criminal of ozone hole, contains the refuse of the high toxicity highly infective of biotechnology, pesticide producing, hospital etc., then serious harm health.Problem how to handle these environmental contaminants has become the important topic of common concern in the world.Traditional landfill method and burning disposal method cause people's great attention because secondary pollution, migration effect and poor efficiency have been subjected to producing in the serious challenge, particularly burning process the secondary pollution problem of more highly toxic many chloros dibenzo dioxin (PCDDs) and many chloros dibenzofurans (PCDFs).
Along with increasingly extensive application and many difficult or special pollutant to the treatment effeciency higher requirement of various heat treatment technics on environmental contaminants are handled, conventional incineration technology shows its weak point gradually.Mounting cost height for example, dust is big, the thermal efficiency is not high, bulky, frequent switch etc., especially for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), difficulties such as fluorine Lyons class are cleared up halide-containing and biotechnology industry, agricultural chemicals, the special offal treatment of hospital etc., the treatment effeciency Chang Buneng of conventional fuel heat source technology reaches international specified standard (efficient of clearing up of PCB must be greater than 99.9999%), and plasma technique has very high treatment effeciency because of the high thermal conduction characteristic of its high temperature to pollutant, especially to difficult pollutant and specific (special) requirements pollutant, its advance further displays with superiority, become in the environmental contaminants process field the most rising, a most noticeable high-tech technology.
Have some patents at present both at home and abroad, disclose employing direct current plasma body technique, can handle the multiple refuse that comprises chemical weapons.
The direct current plasma body technique of U.S. Startech Envirolution, INC. development can be handled the multiple refuse that comprises chemical weapons.
Cartel (United States Patent (USP) 5280757) is with the arc-plasma municipal garbage that gasifies; Ba Dun (United States Patent (USP) 4644877) and Bel's (United States Patent (USP) 4431612) destroy Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) etc. with arc-plasma.
Grimma, Germany (Chinese patent ZL 89105527.4) patent disclosure employing water vapor plasma atmosphere and direct current plasma body technique, Australian Union's science and industrial research tissue (Chinese patent ZL93103682.8) adopt inert gas plasma atmosphere and direct current plasma body technique, and Jusheng Fluorine Chemistry Co Ltd, Zhejiang (Chinese patent ZL 00128708.7) adopts direct-current plasma technical finesse organohalogen compounds.
Wang Zhongyi, Huang Shaoqing (Chinese patent ZL 01206033.X) adopt air direct-current plasma technical finesse clinical waste.
Inst. of Mechanics, CAS (Chinese patent ZL 200320121907.0) adopts the direct-current plasma technical finesse clinical waste of oxygen atmosphere.
From looking into the result of new acquisition at present, do not see in the existing plasma pyrolysis technology by hollow graphite electrode and directly refuse is sent near the device of directly disposing the plasma high-temperature zone.
[summary of the invention]
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of plasma reaction furnace for processing waste is provided, it can be inorganic to (solid-state, liquid, the gaseous state) of various forms, debirs carry out effective high temperature pyrolysis and dispose, and capacity usage ratio and treatment effeciency height, energy consumption are low, more economical environmental protection.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of plasma reaction furnace for processing waste is provided, comprises body of heater, bell.Furnace body inside is provided with refractory material furnace lining and insulating, and the burner hearth bottom side of body of heater is provided with the molten mass outlet, and the furnace wall of body of heater is provided with the gas vent of discharging for high temperature pyrolysis gas; Bell central authorities are provided with the hollow graphite electrode that stretches in the stove, hollow graphite electrode inside has one and runs through whole hollow graphite electrode and be conveyed into passage in the body of heater for treated waste, the graphite extraction electrode that also is provided with second electrode relative and links to each other at bottom of furnace body with second electrode with hollow graphite electrode, between second electrode of hollow graphite electrode and burner hearth bottom, form arc zone, produce hot plasma.
Further improvement in the technical proposal is: be provided with a support in described body of heater one side, described support comprises that a column and can be located at the column top up and downly and perpendicular to the crossbeam of column, described hollow graphite electrode is fixed on the crossbeam by a fixed mechanism.
Further improvement in the technical proposal is: the gas vent outside at body of heater is connected with a sustained response chamber again.
Further improvement in the technical proposal is: described sustained response chamber also is provided with sustained response chamber outlet, and the outlet of described sustained response chamber links to each other with a quenching apparatus, and quenching apparatus is provided with tail gas outlet again.
Further improvement in the technical proposal is: described graphite extraction electrode is four, and four graphite extraction electrodes are arranged in cross shape and connect with second electrode of furnace bottom respectively and lead to the body of heater outside at bottom of furnace body.
By adopting technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, adopt the feeding of graphite hollow electrode, directly discarded object is sent into the plasma high-temperature zone, improved energy utilization ratio and treatment effeciency, make the energy consumption of handling the unit mass refuse reduce greatly, the volume of reacting furnace also can correspondingly reduce.
2, the whole toxic organic compound matter in the refuse are at high temperature decomposed fully, and for example bioxin, furans, Polychlorinated biphenyls, high chlorine or many chlorine fat or aromatic substance obtain totally and eliminate completely, can not produce new noxious material in the processing procedure.
3, be particularly suitable for the disposal of refuse flying ash, the electronic waste after the pulverizing, all kinds of hazardous wastes of liquid state and gaseous state.
4, owing to adopt the slag technology, make metal and inorganic matter in the processed refuse, for example metal in the clinical waste and glassware need not therefrom to sort out, and make processing procedure simple and convenient, avoid the chance of secondary pollution.
5, owing to adopt reduced form atmosphere plasma, make that the metal in the refuse can be not oxidized, recyclable regeneration, the poisonous 6 valency chromium in the refuse are reduced into 3 nontoxic valency chromium.
6, owing to adopt reduced form atmosphere plasma, a large amount of NO have been avoided producing
xWhen causing environmental pollution, the tail gas amount of generation has only 5% of firing method, and is that the combustion gas (hydrogen, carbon monoxide) of high energy makes the cost investment of the equipment that vent gas treatment is required significantly reduce.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of plasma reaction furnace for processing waste of the present invention.
[specific embodiment]
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of plasma reaction furnace for processing waste, comprise body of heater 1, bell 2, electrode, support 4, sustained response chamber 5 and quenching apparatus 6.
Wherein, described body of heater 1 inboard is provided with refractory material furnace lining and insulating, is provided with molten mass outlet 12 in the burner hearth bottom side of body of heater 1, and is provided with the gas vent 14 of discharging for high temperature pyrolysis gas on the furnace wall of body of heater 1.
The central authorities of bell 2 are provided with the hollow graphite electrode 31 that stretches into body of heater 1 inside, and hollow graphite electrode 31 inside have a passage 311 that runs through whole hollow graphite electrode 31 and are conveyed into body of heater 1 inside for treated waste; Also be provided with second electrode 32 relative in the bottom of body of heater 1 and link to each other with second electrode 32 and be arranged in four graphite extraction electrodes 33 of cross shape at bottom of furnace body with hollow graphite electrode 31, when giving electrode (hollow graphite electrode 31 and extraction electrode 33) energising, promptly can between second electrode 32 of hollow graphite electrode 31 and burner hearth bottom, form arc zone, produce hot plasma.
Described support 4 is located at body of heater 1 one sides, it comprises that a column 41 and can be located at column 41 tops up and downly and perpendicular to the crossbeam 42 of column 41, described hollow graphite electrode 31 promptly is fixed on the crossbeam 42 by a fixed mechanism 43, can control hollow graphite electrode 31 by the up and down of this crossbeam 42 and carry out the upper and lower distance regulate between itself and second electrode 32 that moves.
Also can be connected with a sustained response chamber 5 again in gas vent 14 outsides, so that further reaction, and can make reaction efficiency higher.And sustained response chamber 5 also is provided with sustained response chamber outlet 50, sustained response chamber outlet 50 links to each other with a quenching apparatus 6, obtain high-energy fuel gas so that the gas that reaction generates carries out chilling in quenching apparatus 6, quenching apparatus 6 is provided with tail gas outlet 60 again to export the high-energy fuel gas that finally obtains.
When disposing discarded object, discarded object is sent into from the top of hollow graphite electrode 31 by pay-off (scheming not shown), and its inner passage 311 of process directly enters the arc zone between the hollow graphite electrode 31 and second electrode 32.The gaseous matter (mainly be hydrogen and carbon monoxide) of debirs composition in the discarded object through producing after the plasma high-temperature pyrolysis can obtain high-energy fuel gas behind the quenching apparatus chilling: hydrogen and carbon monoxide, suppressed the generation of noxious material (comprising dioxin) simultaneously; And inorganic wastes composition wherein through the plasma high-temperature fusion after the molten mass outlet 12 of body of heater 1 bottom is discharged outside the bodies of heater 1, after shrend is cold, obtain oozing the extremely low vitreum of drop again.But this reacting furnace discontinuous work, but also continuous operation.
The present invention directly sends into discarded object the plasma high-temperature zone owing to adopt the hollow graphite electrode feeding, has improved energy utilization ratio and treatment effeciency, makes the energy consumption of handling the unit mass refuse reduce greatly, and the volume of reacting furnace is corresponding to be reduced.Whole toxic organic compound matter in the refuse are at high temperature decomposed fully, and for example bioxin, furans, Polychlorinated biphenyls, high chlorine or many chlorine fat or aromatic substance obtain totally and eliminate completely, can not produce new noxious material in the processing procedure.Be particularly suitable for the disposal of refuse flying ash, the electronic waste after the pulverizing, all kinds of hazardous wastes of liquid state and gaseous state.
Owing to adopt the slag technology, make metal and inorganic matter in the processed refuse, for example metal in the clinical waste and glassware need not therefrom to sort out, and make processing procedure simple and convenient, avoid the chance of secondary pollution.
Because adopt reduced form atmosphere plasma, the metal in the refuse can be not oxidized, recyclable regeneration, the poisonous 6 valency chromium in the refuse are reduced into 3 nontoxic valency chromium.In addition, a large amount of NO have been avoided producing
xWhen causing environmental pollution, the tail gas amount of generation has only 5% of firing method, and is that the combustion gas (hydrogen, carbon monoxide) of high energy makes the cost investment of the equipment that vent gas treatment is required significantly reduce.
Claims (5)
1. plasma reaction furnace for processing waste, comprise body of heater, bell, furnace body inside is provided with refractory material furnace lining and insulating, the burner hearth bottom side of body of heater is provided with the molten mass outlet, and the furnace wall of body of heater is provided with the gas vent of discharging for high temperature pyrolysis gas, it is characterized in that: bell central authorities are provided with the hollow graphite electrode that stretches in the stove, hollow graphite electrode inside has one and runs through whole hollow graphite electrode and be conveyed into passage in the body of heater for treated waste, the graphite extraction electrode that also is provided with second electrode relative and links to each other at bottom of furnace body with second electrode with hollow graphite electrode, between second electrode of hollow graphite electrode and burner hearth bottom, form arc zone, produce hot plasma.
2. plasma reaction furnace for processing waste as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with a support in described body of heater one side, described support comprises that a column and can be located at the column top up and downly and perpendicular to the crossbeam of column, described hollow graphite electrode is fixed on the crossbeam by a fixed mechanism.
3. plasma reaction furnace for processing waste as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the gas vent outside at body of heater is connected with a sustained response chamber again.
4. plasma reaction furnace for processing waste as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described sustained response chamber also is provided with sustained response chamber outlet, and the outlet of described sustained response chamber links to each other with a quenching apparatus, and quenching apparatus is provided with tail gas outlet again.
5. plasma reaction furnace for processing waste as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described graphite extraction electrode is four, and four graphite extraction electrodes are arranged in cross shape and connect with second electrode of furnace bottom respectively and lead to the body of heater outside at bottom of furnace body.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN2006100601244A CN100406803C (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2006-03-30 | Plasma reaction furnace for processing waste |
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CN2006100601244A CN100406803C (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2006-03-30 | Plasma reaction furnace for processing waste |
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CN100406803C true CN100406803C (en) | 2008-07-30 |
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CN110686255A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-14 | 山东欧卡环保工程有限公司 | Method for treating waste concentrated solution by plasma incineration |
CN110715301B (en) * | 2019-10-20 | 2021-02-19 | 安徽航天环境工程有限公司 | Plasma treatment device for household garbage |
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US5280757A (en) * | 1992-04-13 | 1994-01-25 | Carter George W | Municipal solid waste disposal process |
CN1294535A (en) * | 1999-02-18 | 2001-05-09 | 协和股份有限公司 | Thermal decomposer for waste |
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2006
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Patent Citations (4)
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US4431612A (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1984-02-14 | Electro-Petroleum, Inc. | Apparatus for the decomposition of hazardous materials and the like |
US5280757A (en) * | 1992-04-13 | 1994-01-25 | Carter George W | Municipal solid waste disposal process |
CN1294535A (en) * | 1999-02-18 | 2001-05-09 | 协和股份有限公司 | Thermal decomposer for waste |
CN1483964A (en) * | 2003-07-29 | 2004-03-24 | 王威平 | Solid waste incineration furnace and distillation incineration treatment technology |
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CN1825042A (en) | 2006-08-30 |
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