CN110715301B

CN110715301B - Plasma treatment device for household garbage

Info

Publication number: CN110715301B
Application number: CN201910997164.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 舒小明
Original assignee: Anhui Aerospace Environmental Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Aerospace Shenhe (Beijing) environmental protection Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2019-10-20
Filing date: 2019-10-20
Publication date: 2021-02-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-20
Also published as: CN110715301A

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma treatment device for household garbage, which relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of solid waste and comprises the following steps: the stirring and crushing device is used for stirring, cutting and crushing the input household garbage to obtain a mixed raw material with the particle size of below 8cm, and the mixed raw material is output to the high-temperature plasma melting device from a discharge port below the stirring and crushing device; and a high-temperature plasma melting device for melting the input mixed raw materials by a high-temperature plasma torch to convert the mixed raw materials into vitreous waste residues and CO₂CO and H₂The synthesis gas of (2). The invention has the advantages of constant melting temperature and high harmless treatment degree.

Description

Plasma treatment device for household garbage

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of solid wastes, in particular to a plasma treatment device for household garbage.

Background

Along with the rapid development of economy, the urban garbage is also continuously increased, and the urban domestic garbage in China is increased at the speed of 8-10% per year at present. Along with the annual increase of the calorific value of the municipal solid waste and the continuous increase of the yield, a plurality of cities in China adopt an incineration method to treat the municipal solid waste. After the household garbage is burnt, some minerals and elements are concentrated in the burnt ash. Wherein the content of toxic elements is 10-100 times greater than that of the common soil, and the waste incineration ash contains high-concentration dioxin. National records of dangerous wastes clearly stipulate that the fly ash generated by burning the household garbage is dangerous waste, and the disposal of the fly ash must be strictly carried out according to the standards of the dangerous waste.

Compared with other gasification melting technologies, the plasma technology has the characteristics of high temperature and high heat density, and the technology can almost completely convert organic matters in carbon-based waste into synthesis gas (mainly CO and H)₂) While inorganic substances can become harmless ash (vitreous body). For domestic waste mixtures, the plasma gasification melting technique has proven to be a reliable treatment in foreign countries. In recent years, various garbage pyrolysis gasification treatment equipment has appeared in a plurality of countries, and some garbage gasification equipment which has obtained national patents also appears in China. However, most of the products can be rarely applied in China, and the main reasons are as follows: the gasification furnaces have high requirements on the selectivity of furnace charges, high treatment cost and unobvious economic benefits.

Therefore, it is obvious that the above-mentioned existing technology for treating fly ash from incineration of household garbage still has shortcomings and drawbacks in equipment structure, treatment method and use, and further improvement is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, in order to overcome the defects, the embodiment of the invention provides the domestic garbage plasma treatment device which has constant melting temperature and high harmless treatment degree.

Therefore, the plasma treatment device for the household garbage comprises the following components:

the stirring and crushing device is used for stirring, cutting and crushing the input household garbage to obtain a mixed raw material with the particle size of below 8cm, and the mixed raw material is output to the high-temperature plasma melting device from a discharge port below the stirring and crushing device; and

a high-temperature plasma melting device for melting the input mixed raw materials by a high-temperature plasma torch to generate vitreous waste residues and CO₂CO and H₂The synthesis gas of (2).

Preferably, the stirring and crushing device comprises a stirring shaft and a blade, and the blade is connected and positioned at the lower end of the stirring shaft.

Preferably, the blades are mounted in an inverted cone on the stirring shaft.

Preferably, the high-temperature plasma melting device comprises, from bottom to top: the melting combustion chamber, the oxygen storage chamber, the feeding chamber and the gas outlet range increasing chamber;

a plasma torch generator is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber, and a slag discharge port is formed in the bottom of the melting combustion chamber;

a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber, and a controllable valve is connected to the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve according to the change of the temperature in the melting furnace cavity and the feeding quantity output by the feeding channel so as to adjust the input flow of combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel;

the side wall of the feeding chamber is provided with a feeding channel in an inclined way, the feeding chamber is communicated with the stirring and crushing device through the feeding channel, the cavity of the feeding chamber comprises a funnel-shaped upper part and a straight cylindrical lower part, more than two gas-isolating baffles are arranged on the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part in an inclined way and in a downward staggered way, through holes for falling and outputting of the mixed raw materials are arranged between each gas-isolating baffle and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part, and the through holes on each gas-isolating baffle are staggered with each other;

the side wall of the air outlet range-increasing chamber is connected with a ventilation baffle, the top of the air outlet range-increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet, and the ventilation baffle surrounds a ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion and output from the synthetic gas outlet.

Preferably, the bottom plane of the melting combustion chamber is inclined towards the slag discharge port side.

Preferably, the cavity of the oxygen storage chamber is a table column with a large lower part and a small upper part.

Preferably, the ventilation channel surrounded by the ventilation baffle is spiral.

Preferably, a dust filtering device is arranged in the ventilation channel and used for filtering particle impurities in the synthesis gas.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

according to the household garbage plasma treatment device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the mixed raw materials falling into the melting combustion chamber can be prevented from rising through the gas isolating baffle plate of the high-temperature plasma melting device, the mixed raw materials can be sufficiently melted and combusted every time of feeding, the melting thoroughness degree of the mixed raw materials is improved, the harmless treatment degree is improved, the combustion-supporting gas output from the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel can be prevented from rising, almost all the combustion-supporting gas can reach the melting combustion chamber, and the gas utilization rate is improved. The ventilation channel is formed by the ventilation baffle, the airflow path of the synthesis gas in the cavity is prolonged, the cross section area of the channel is reduced, the gas can be output in a pressurized mode, ash mixed in the synthesis gas can be effectively reduced through the range increasing, and the ash can be deposited and filtered in the ventilation channel. The temperature value of the cavity is controlled by arranging the plurality of temperature sensors, so that the temperature in the cavity is further kept constant, the full degree of melting and burning is improved, and the harmless degree is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific example of a plasma treatment device for domestic garbage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing a specific example of a high-temperature plasma melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another specific example of the high-temperature plasma melting apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of one specific example of a plasma torch generator in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view showing one specific example of the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1-stirring and crushing device, 2-high temperature plasma melting device, 21-melting combustion chamber, 211-plasma torch generator, 212-first temperature sensor, 213-slag discharge port, 22-oxygen storage chamber, 221-combustion-supporting gas inlet channel, 222-second temperature sensor, 23-feeding chamber, 231-feeding channel, 232-gas-isolating baffle, 233-third temperature sensor, 234-fourth temperature sensor, 24-gas outlet range-increasing chamber, 241-ventilating baffle, 242-fifth temperature sensor, 243-synthetic gas outlet, 101-cathode electrode, 102-cathode fixing and shaft gas supply component, 103-middle electrode, 104-insulating part, 105-anode electrode, 202, 204-inclined downward gas supply channel, 203-inclined upward gas supply channel, 1021-first step, 1022-second step, 1023-blind slot, 1024-third step.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communicated with each other inside the two elements, or may be wirelessly connected or wired connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Examples

The present embodiment provides a plasma processing apparatus for domestic garbage, as shown in fig. 1, including:

the stirring and crushing device 1 is used for stirring, cutting and crushing the input household garbage to obtain mixed raw materials with the particle size of below 8cm, and the mixed raw materials are output to the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 from a discharge port below the stirring and crushing device 1; and

a high-temperature plasma melting device 2 for melting the input mixed raw materials by a high-temperature plasma torch to convert the mixed raw materials into vitreous waste residues and CO₂CO and H₂The synthesis gas of (2).

Preferably, stirring reducing mechanism 1 includes (mixing) shaft and blade, and the blade connection is located the lower extreme of (mixing) shaft, and the blade is the back taper installation on the (mixing) shaft, and along with the rotation of (mixing) shaft, the blade both played the effect of stirring domestic waste, played the effect that the cutting was smashed domestic waste becomes mixed raw materials again.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the high-temperature plasma melting apparatus 2 includes, in order from bottom to top: a melting combustion chamber 21, an oxygen storage chamber 22, a feeding chamber 23 and an outlet gas range increasing chamber 24;

a plasma torch generator 211 is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber 21, and a slag discharge port 213 is arranged at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber 21; preferably, the number of the plasma torch generators 211 is two or more, and the plasma torch generators are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber 21; preferably, the bottom plane of the melting furnace 21 is inclined toward the side of the slag discharge port 213 to facilitate the outflow of the vitreous waste slag from the slag discharge port 213;

a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 is obliquely installed on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber 22, a controllable valve is connected to the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve according to the temperature change in the melting furnace cavity and the feeding quantity output by the feeding channel 231, so that the input flow of combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 is adjusted, the combustion degree of the mixed raw materials is controlled, and the temperature in the furnace cavity is kept constant; the cavity of the oxygen storage chamber 22 is a column with a large lower part and a small upper part so as to meet the requirement of large gas consumption at the lower part;

the side wall of the feeding chamber 23 is provided with a feeding channel 231 in an inclined manner, the feeding chamber 23 is communicated with the stirring and crushing device 1 through the feeding channel 231, the cavity of the feeding chamber 23 comprises a funnel-shaped upper part and a straight cylindrical lower part, more than two air-isolating baffles 232 are obliquely and downwards installed on the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part in a staggered manner, through holes for mixed raw materials to fall and output are formed between each air-isolating baffle 232 and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part, the through holes on each air-isolating baffle 232 are staggered and not directly communicated with each other, the staggered angle can be set according to actual requirements, the mixed raw materials slide downwards along the air-isolating baffles 232 and then fall onto the air-isolating baffle 232 of the next layer from the through holes, and fall in sequence until the mixed raw materials are output into the oxygen storage; by arranging the gas-isolating baffle, the mixed raw materials falling into the melting combustion chamber can be prevented from rising, the feeding materials can be fully melted and combusted each time, the melting thorough degree of the mixed raw materials is improved, and the harmless treatment degree is improved; the combustion-supporting gas output from the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel is prevented from rising by the blocking of the gas-isolating baffle plate, almost all the combustion-supporting gas can reach the melting combustion chamber, and the gas utilization rate is improved;

the side wall of the gas outlet range increasing chamber 24 is connected with a ventilation baffle 241, the top of the gas outlet range increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet 243, the ventilation baffle 241 surrounds a spiral ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion, and the synthetic gas is output from the synthetic gas outlet 243; the ventilation channel is formed by arranging the ventilation baffle, so that the airflow path of the synthesis gas in the cavity is prolonged, the cross section area of the channel is reduced, the gas can be output in a pressurized manner, and ash mixed in the synthesis gas can be effectively reduced by increasing the range, so that the ash can be precipitated and filtered in the ventilation channel; preferably, the ventilation channel is internally provided with a dust filtering device, so that particle impurities in the synthesis gas can be further filtered, and the quality of the output synthesis gas is improved.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the high temperature plasma melting apparatus 2 further includes: a first temperature sensor 212, a second temperature sensor 222, a third temperature sensor 233, a fourth temperature sensor 234, and a fifth temperature sensor 242;

the first temperature sensor 212 is connected and positioned at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber 21, the second temperature sensor 222 is connected and positioned at the outlet of the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221, the third temperature sensor 234 is connected and positioned at the lower part of the inlet chamber 23, the fourth temperature sensor 234 is connected and positioned at the upper part of the inlet chamber 23, and the fifth temperature sensor 242 is connected and positioned at the outlet 243 of the synthesis gas and is used for monitoring the temperature value of the discharged synthesis gas; the number of the first temperature sensor 212, the second temperature sensor 222, the third temperature sensor 233, the fourth temperature sensor 234, and the fifth temperature sensor 242 is not limited to one, and two or more sensors may be provided at the respective positions to detect the temperature at the positions.

The working process of the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 comprises the following steps:

s1, starting the plasma torch generator 211, and preheating the cavity of the melting device for 10-30 min;

s2, obtaining a first temperature value of the first temperature sensor 212 and a second temperature value of the second temperature sensor 222, and determining whether the first temperature value is greater than a first preset value, preferably, the first preset value is 13000-30000 ℃, and whether the second temperature value is greater than a second preset value, preferably, the second preset value is 13000-30000 ℃, and the first preset value is greater than or equal to the second preset value;

s3, when the first temperature value is larger than the first preset value and the second temperature value is larger than the second preset value, the feeding channel 231 and the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 are opened simultaneously, the feeding amount output by the feeding channel 231 and the air inflow output by the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 are in a linear relation, and the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve is controlled and adjusted according to the feeding amount; when the first temperature value is less than or equal to a first preset value or the second temperature value is less than or equal to a second preset value, the current situation is maintained, the feeding channel 231 and the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 are not started, and preheating is continued;

s4, monitoring the first temperature value and the second temperature value in real time, controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to increase the output power when the first temperature value is less than or equal to a first preset value, enabling the first temperature value to rapidly rise to exceed the first preset value, and then controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to reduce the output power to a normal working value; when the second temperature value is smaller than or equal to a second preset value, controlling a controllable valve of the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 to increase the opening amount, increasing the flow of the output gas, enabling the second temperature value to rapidly rise to exceed the second preset value, and then controlling the controllable valve to reduce the opening amount to a normal working opening amount; thereby maintaining the constant temperature in the cavity, improving the full degree of melting combustion and improving the degree of harmlessness;

s5, acquiring a third temperature value of the third temperature sensor 233 and a fourth temperature value of the fourth temperature sensor 234, and calculating a difference between the third temperature value and the fourth temperature value;

and S6, judging whether the absolute value of the difference is greater than a third preset value, preferably, the third preset value is 50-500 ℃, when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the third preset value, the mixed raw material contains more water or the original temperature is lower, the temperature in the cavity needs to be increased, controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to increase the output power, enabling the first temperature value to rapidly rise to exceed the first preset value, and then controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to reduce the output power to a normal working value.

As shown in fig. 4, the plasma torch generator includes:

the cathode 101 is connected with the upper part of the plasma torch generator and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply;

the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly 102 is a cylinder with a hollow part, the cathode electrode is connected and positioned in the cylinder, the hollow part of the cylinder has a larger upper opening and a smaller lower opening and is used for providing a gas supply channel for supporting the cathode electrode 101 and providing axial shielding gas, and the axial shielding gas restrains the electric arc in a range near an axis so that the capacity of the plasma torch is more concentrated;

the anode electrode 105 is connected with the lower part of the plasma torch generator and is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the hollow part of the anode electrode 105 is used for the injection output of the plasma torch; the cathode 101, anode 105 and intermediate 103 electrodes are water cooled.

The middle electrodes 103 are coaxially arranged and connected between the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly 102 and the anode electrode 105, are of hollow structures, have flush inner side surfaces, and are respectively connected with the arc striking loop through a controllable switch;

an insulating member 104 connected between the two intermediate electrodes 103 and between the intermediate electrode and the anode electrode 105;

inclined downward

gas supply channels

202, 204 provided between the upper surface of the intermediate electrode 103 and the lower surface of the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly 102, between the upper surface of the intermediate electrode 103 and the lower surface of the insulator 104, and between the upper surface of the anode electrode 105 and the lower surface of the insulator 104, for providing an inclined downward direction shield gas, changing the distance between the arc starting point and the arc dropping point and changing the arc pulling force at the time of arc striking; preferably, the angle between the obliquely downward gas supply channel 202 and the horizontal direction is 45-80 °; and

an inclined upward gas supply passage 203 provided between the lower surface of the intermediate electrode 103 and the upper surface of the insulator 104 for supplying shield gas in an inclined upward direction, changing the distance between the starting point and the dropping point of the arc and changing the arc drag at the time of arc striking; preferably, the angle of the obliquely upward air supply channel 203 is 45 ° to 80 ° from the horizontal. Through setting up the downward air feed channel of slope and the upward air feed channel of slope, retrained the direction of protection gas air feed, improved the compression effect to the electric arc and made the distance between electric arc starting point and the drop point and the drag power of electric arc adjustable when striking the arc for plasma torch output has high power and adjustable advantage.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, a first step 1021 and a second step 1022 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the inner side surface of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102, for gradually reducing the inner diameter of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102, the cathode electrode is connected to the inner side surface below the second step 1022, a blind groove 1023 for passing axial shielding gas is uniformly formed at the junction with the cathode electrode along the direction of the cylindrical bus, a third step 1024 is arranged on the inner side surface below the junction of the cathode electrode for increasing the inner diameter of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102, and the lower bottom surface of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102 is a downward inclined surface with a high outside and a low inside. Axial protective gas flows in from a larger opening, passes through the first step 1021, the second step 1022 and the blind groove 1023, the cross-sectional area of the channel is reduced, the gas is compressed, the flowing speed of the gas is increased, the compression force of the high-speed flowing gas flow is enhanced to the electric arc, the cross-sectional area of the channel is slightly enlarged through the third step 1024, the gas flow is ensured to be uniformly distributed, but the total gas outflow speed is far higher than the inflow speed, and the stability of the electric arc is improved.

The working process of the plasma torch generator comprises the following steps:

s21, when the power supply supplies power to the cathode electrode 101 and the anode electrode 105 of the plasma torch generator, the axial protective gas supplies gas, and a voltage difference is generated between the cathode electrode 101 and the adjacent first-stage intermediate electrode;

s22, controlling a controllable switch connected with the first-stage middle electrode to switch on an arc striking loop, breaking down a gap between the cathode electrode 101 and the first-stage middle electrode to perform first-stage arc striking, simultaneously starting an inclined downward gas supply channel 202 between the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply component 102 and the first-stage middle electrode to output shielding gas, and dragging an electric arc to the first-stage middle electrode to improve the success rate of first-stage arc striking;

s23, starting an inclined upward gas supply channel 203 between a first-stage middle electrode and a first-stage insulator adjacent below the first-stage middle electrode to output shielding gas, adjusting the flow of the output shielding gas and the flow of the output shielding gas of an inclined downward gas supply channel 202 above the first-stage middle electrode to adjust an arc dropping point, preferably, adjusting the arc dropping point to be in the middle of the first-stage middle electrode to improve the success rate and quality of arc striking; preferably, the inclined downward gas supply channel and the inclined upward gas supply channel are both set to be spiral, so that the protective gas output from the channels has a rotating force, the electric arc can be driven to rotate on the inner side surface of the middle electrode, the same position on the electrode is prevented from being burnt by the arc falling point for a long time, the damage degree of the electrode is reduced, and the service life is prolonged;

s24, closing the inclined upward gas supply channel 203 between the first-stage intermediate electrode and the first-stage insulator after a period of time;

s25, controlling a controllable switch connected with a second-stage intermediate electrode adjacent to the lower part of the first-stage insulator to switch on an arc striking loop, breaking down a gap between the first-stage intermediate electrode and the second-stage intermediate electrode to perform second-stage arc striking, simultaneously starting an inclined downward gas supply channel between the first-stage insulator and the second-stage intermediate electrode to output protective gas, dragging the electric arc to the second-stage intermediate electrode, and improving the success rate of second-stage arc striking;

s26, starting an inclined upward gas supply channel between the second-stage middle electrode and the second-stage insulator adjacent to the second-stage middle electrode below the second-stage middle electrode to output protective gas, and adjusting the flow of the output protective gas and the flow of the protective gas output by the inclined downward gas supply channel above the second-stage middle electrode to adjust the arc falling point and ensure the arc striking quality;

s27, closing the inclined upward gas supply channel between the second-stage middle electrode and the second-stage insulator after a period of time; sequentially carrying out arc striking on other intermediate electrodes downwards according to the steps from S5 to S7 until the arc striking of the intermediate electrode of the last stage is finished;

s28, the gap between the last stage intermediate electrode and the anode electrode 105 is broken down, the electric arcs are connected with each other, the voltage of the power supply rapidly returns to the normal working voltage, the electric arcs are output in normal working, meanwhile, the inclined downward gas supply channel 204 above the anode electrode 105 is opened to output the protective gas, the drag force is generated to drag the tail end of the electric arc to the central area, the originally divergent shape is changed into the convergent shape, the compression degree of the electric arc is increased, the arc resistance is increased, the arc pressure is increased, and therefore the output power of the plasma torch is obviously increased.

Through adjusting the downward gas supply channel output protection gas flow of slope, still can adjust plasma torch output, under the unchangeable condition of supply current, when increase gas flow, the gas velocity of flow increases along with it, aggravates plasma torch arc root cooling effect to the compression degree to the electric arc further increases, so the arc resistance increases, and the arc is pressed and is rised, has improved plasma torch output, vice versa, plays output regulation effect.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A plasma treatment device for household garbage is characterized by comprising:

the stirring and crushing device (1) is used for stirring, cutting and crushing the input household garbage to obtain mixed raw materials with the particle size of below 8cm, and the mixed raw materials are output to the high-temperature plasma melting device (2) from a discharge port below the stirring and crushing device (1); and

a high-temperature plasma melting device (2) for melting the input mixed raw materials by a high-temperature plasma torch to generate vitreous waste slag and CO₂CO and H₂The synthesis gas of (2);

the stirring and crushing device (1) comprises a stirring shaft and a blade, and the blade is connected and positioned at the lower end of the stirring shaft;

the blades are arranged on the stirring shaft in an inverted cone shape;

the high-temperature plasma melting device (2) sequentially comprises from bottom to top: a melting combustion chamber (21), an oxygen storage chamber (22), a feeding chamber (23) and an air outlet range increasing chamber (24);

a plasma torch generator (211) is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber (21), and a slag discharge port (213) is arranged at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber (21);

a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221) is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber (22), a controllable valve is connected to the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221) and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve according to the change of the temperature in the melting furnace cavity and the feeding quantity output by the feeding channel (231) so as to adjust the input flow of combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221);

a feeding channel (231) is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the feeding chamber (23), the feeding chamber (23) is communicated with the stirring and crushing device (1) through the feeding channel (231), the cavity of the feeding chamber (23) comprises a funnel-shaped upper part and a straight cylindrical lower part, more than two air-isolating baffles (232) are obliquely and downwards arranged on the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part in a staggered manner, through holes for falling and outputting of mixed raw materials are formed between each air-isolating baffle (232) and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part, and the through holes on each air-isolating baffle (232) are staggered with each other;

the side wall of the outlet gas range-increasing chamber (24) is connected with a ventilation baffle (241), the top of the outlet gas range-increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet (243), and the ventilation baffle (241) surrounds a ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion and output from the synthetic gas outlet (243).

2. The plasma treatment apparatus for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plane of the melting combustion chamber (21) is inclined toward the side of the slag discharge port (213).

3. The plasma treatment apparatus for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the cavity of the oxygen storage chamber (22) is a pillar with a large lower part and a small upper part.

4. The plasma treatment device for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation channel surrounded by the ventilation baffle (241) is spiral-shaped.

5. The plasma treatment device for household garbage according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein a dust filtering device is arranged in the ventilation channel for filtering particulate impurities in the synthesis gas.